CN108963169B - Battery separator and the battery for using the diaphragm - Google Patents
Battery separator and the battery for using the diaphragm Download PDFInfo
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- CN108963169B CN108963169B CN201811142753.0A CN201811142753A CN108963169B CN 108963169 B CN108963169 B CN 108963169B CN 201811142753 A CN201811142753 A CN 201811142753A CN 108963169 B CN108963169 B CN 108963169B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of battery separator and using the battery of the diaphragm, diaphragm is polyimides/polycarbonate composite cellulosic membrane of skin-core structure；In skin-core structure, polyimides is core, polycarbonate is skin；The polyimides/polycarbonate composite cellulosic membrane is prepared by method of electrostatic spinning and hot imidization, with cellular structure abundant and higher porosity, with good gas permeability, conducive to the transmission in diaphragm of absorption, holding and ion of electrolyte, the efficiency for charge-discharge of lithium ion battery is improved；The polycarbonate has fluorine-containing end-capping group, effectively increases the thermal stability of composite cellulosic membrane and the compatibility to electrolyte, improves the safety of lithium ion battery.Therefore, lithium ion battery separator of the invention shows excellent gas permeability and thermal stability, significantly improves the compatibility with electrolyte, more excellent to the contact angle and imbibition rate of electrolyte.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to functional material preparation field, in particular to technical field of lithium ion, specially a kind of battery
With diaphragm and use the battery of the diaphragm.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery (LIBs) has voltage height, specific energy height, service life length, memory-less effect, environmental-friendly, charging speed
The advantages such as degree is fast, self-discharge rate is low, already become of greatest concern, the highest consumer battery kind of yield at present.Lithium-ion electric
Pond diaphragm has the important function for avoiding the contact of battery positive and negative electrode, possessing electrolyte, lithium ion being allowed to pass through, and performance can be right
The chemical property of lithium ion battery has an immense impact on.Therefore, battery diaphragm researched and developed, improve membrane properties general
It is a pith of the following lithium ion battery development.
Diaphragm used in lithium ion battery should have the characteristic of electronic isolation and electrolyte ion conductor simultaneously, and necessary
Have good mechanical property and chemistry, electrochemical stability, and can be protected always during the iterative cycles of charge and discharge
It holds to good wellability of electrolyte etc..Although diaphragm will not influence energy storage and the output of battery, but diaphragm is to battery
Interfacial structure, internal resistance, capacity, circulation and safety suffer from vital effect.At present business lithium battery diaphragm apply than
Wide is MIcroporous polyolefin film, and such as polyethylene and polypropylene diaphragm, but the thermal stability of this diaphragm is poor, wetability,
Porosity and the absorptivity of electrolyte etc. are all relatively low, and there are security risks, are insufficient for the requirement of people.
Chinese invention patent 201410147627.X discloses a kind of polyimide nano lithium ion battery separator, including system
Standby polyamic acid solution and its melt, then by obtained melt through melt spinning, recrystallization, cold and hot stretching and thermal finalization etc. one
Series of processes handles to obtain product, has excellent electrochemical stability and thermal contraction performance.But the invention needs strict control
Diaphragm preparation-fusion drawn technological parameter and condition, bring difficulty in actual operation.
Chinese invention patent 200980111875.6 discloses a kind of battery separator, and the battery separator includes: more
Hole substrate；With the layer of the cross-linked polymer at least one surface for being supported on the porous substrate, wherein the cross-linked polymeric
Object is that have the reactive polymer of the reactive group containing reactive hydrogen with (b) with isocyanate group by making (a) in the molecule
The polycarbonate urethane prepolymer of sealing end is reacted and is obtained, it is therefore an objective to provide it is a kind of with excellent oxidative resistance and and also
There is the battery separator of adhesiveness to electrode.
Chinese invention patent 201610363502.X discloses a kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery, by polyethylene, poly- carbonic acid
Ester, maleic resin, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, titanium dioxide, polylactic acid, polycyclic lactone and plasticizer heating are stirred
It mixes, film extrusion obtains base film；It is then immersed in and is made of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, white carbon black and zirconium oxide
In mixed solution；Obtain diaphragm for lithium ion battery；Raw material and auxiliary agent needed for this method are many kinds of, but only improve only product
Mechanical performance and electric property.
Summary of the invention
A kind of battery separator is provided it is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies, it is steady with excellent heat
The qualitative imbibition rate that can have both higher gas permeability, wetability and electrolyte, excellent combination property, can be widely applied for lithium from
Meet higher requirement in sub- battery.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, using following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a kind of battery separator, which is that polyimides/polycarbonate of skin-core structure is compound
Tunica fibrosa；In skin-core structure, polyimides is core, polycarbonate is skin；Based on mass fraction, polyimides/poly- carbonic acid
Contain polyimides 70%~90% in ester composite cellulosic membrane, contains polycarbonate 10%~30%.The polycarbonate be with
The polycarbonate of fluorine-containing closed-end structure.
In the present invention, the polycarbonate with fluorine-containing closed-end structure includes following backbone structure and closed-end structure:
The backbone structure of following formula (1),
Wherein n is 100~550, R1Group is C8-C36Group, include at least one phenyl ring, and can further wrap
Hetero atom containing cyclic alkyl structure, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, silicon or phosphorus；
The closed-end structure of following formula (2),
Wherein R2Group can be located at ortho position or the contraposition of the connected oxygen atom of phenyl ring, R2Group is C4-C16Saturated group, can
To be cyclic annular or non-annularity, and wherein 50%~100% hydrogen atom is replaced by fluorine atoms.
Heretofore described polyimides/polycarbonate composite cellulosic membrane is made by following methods:
(1) 4, the 4'- diaminodiphenyl ether and pyromellitic acid anhydride that molar ratio is 1:1.01 are weighed respectively, in ice-water bath
It is middle by 4,4'- diaminodiphenyl ether stirring and dissolving in a certain amount of n,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), keep ice-water bath simultaneously will
Pyromellitic acid anhydride is added in reaction system in three times, in ice-water bath after mechanic whirl-nett reaction 12-24h, obtains polyamide
Acid solution；
(2) polyamic acid solution is carried out electrostatic spinning, electrospinning parameters are as follows: spinning voltage 15kV promotes speed
Rate is 0.01mL/min, and it is 20cm, syringe needle 8# that spinning, which receives distance, and polyamic acid is made in spinning 2-8h at room temperature
Tunica fibrosa；
(3) polyamic acid tunica fibrosa is put into baking oven, is separately dried at 150 DEG C, 200 DEG C, 250 DEG C and 300 DEG C
30min carries out imidization, obtains polyimide fiber film；
(4) the polycarbonate DMF solution that mass concentration is 2%~6% is prepared, polyimide fiber film is put into and is wherein soaked
2-8h is steeped, then takes out to be put into vacuum oven and dry at 120 DEG C for 24 hours to get polyimides/polycarbonate composite fibre
Film.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium ion battery, including electrode group and nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the electrode group includes just
Pole, cathode and diaphragm, the diaphragm are above-mentioned battery separator.
The present invention prepares battery separator using polyimides and polycarbonate are compound, and polyimides has thermal stability good
The advantages of, polycarbonate and lithium-ion battery electrolytes compatibility with higher, by polycarbonate dip-coating polyimides every
Membrane fiber surface significantly reduces electrolyte in the contact angle of membrane surface, significantly while keeping diaphragm thermal stability good
The compatibility between diaphragm and lithium-ion battery electrolytes is improved, and effectively increases diaphragm to guarantor's liquid rate of electrolyte.With this
Meanwhile used polycarbonate has fluorine-containing end-capping group, further effectively increases the thermal stability of composite cellulosic membrane.This
Outside, polycarbonate also has the effect of fire-retardant.
The present invention is prepared for polyimide fiber film by method of electrostatic spinning and hot imidization, has cellular structure abundant
With higher porosity, there is good gas permeability, conducive to the absorption and holding of electrolyte, and be conducive to ion in diaphragm
Transmission, improve the efficiency for charge-discharge of lithium ion battery.
Compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages that and improves:
Battery separator of the invention shows excellent gas permeability, compatibility and thermal stability with electrolyte, significantly
The compatibility between conventional membrane and lithium-ion battery electrolytes is improved, it is more excellent to the contact angle and imbibition rate of electrolyte.Make
Use polyimides provided by the invention/polycarbonate composite cellulosic membrane that there is battery capacity as the lithium ion battery that diaphragm assembles
Height, good cycling stability, highly-safe advantage.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment, actual conditions are not specified in embodiment
Person carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Agents useful for same or instrument are that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Conventional products.
Embodiment 1
2.00g 4 is weighed, 4'- diaminodiphenyl ether stirring and dissolving in ice-water bath keeps ice-water bath will in 50gDMF
2.20g pyromellitic acid anhydride is added in reaction system in three times, in ice-water bath mechanic whirl-nett reaction for 24 hours after, obtain polyamide
Acid solution；By suitable polyamic acid solution spinning voltage be 15kV, promote rate be 0.01mL/min, spinning receive distance
Electrostatic spinning is carried out under conditions of being 8# for 20cm, syringe needle, polyamic acid tunica fibrosa is made in spinning 8h at room temperature；It will
Polyamic acid tunica fibrosa is put into baking oven, and 30min is separately dried at 150 DEG C, 200 DEG C, 250 DEG C and 300 DEG C and carries out imidization,
Obtain polyimide fiber film；Using the poly- carbonic acid with following formula (3) backbone structure and following formula (4) described closed-end structure
Ester prepares the polycarbonate DMF solution that mass concentration is 6%, polyimide fiber film is put into and wherein impregnates 4h, is then taken out
It is put into vacuum oven and dries at 120 DEG C for 24 hours to get polyimides/polycarbonate composite cellulosic membrane.After measured, wherein
The mass fraction of polyimides is 74%, and the mass fraction of polycarbonate is 26%.
Embodiment 2
2.40g 4 is weighed, 4'- diaminodiphenyl ether stirring and dissolving in ice-water bath keeps ice-water bath will in 50gDMF
2.62g pyromellitic acid anhydride is added in reaction system in three times, in ice-water bath after mechanic whirl-nett reaction 12h, obtains polyamide
Acid solution；By suitable polyamic acid solution spinning voltage be 15kV, promote rate be 0.01mL/min, spinning receive distance
Electrostatic spinning is carried out under conditions of being 8# for 20cm, syringe needle, polyamic acid tunica fibrosa is made in spinning 2h at room temperature；It will
Polyamic acid tunica fibrosa is put into baking oven, and 30min is separately dried at 150 DEG C, 200 DEG C, 250 DEG C and 300 DEG C and carries out imidization,
Obtain polyimide fiber film；Using the poly- carbonic acid with following formula (5) backbone structure and following formula (6) described closed-end structure
Ester prepares the polycarbonate DMF solution that mass concentration is 4%, polyimide fiber film is put into and wherein impregnates 8h, is then taken out
It is put into vacuum oven and dries at 120 DEG C for 24 hours to get polyimides/polycarbonate composite cellulosic membrane.After measured, wherein
The mass fraction of polyimides is 90%, and the mass fraction of polycarbonate is 10%.
Embodiment 3
1.60g 4 is weighed, 4'- diaminodiphenyl ether stirring and dissolving in ice-water bath keeps ice-water bath will in 30gDMF
1.76g pyromellitic acid anhydride is added in reaction system in three times, in ice-water bath after mechanic whirl-nett reaction 18h, obtains polyamide
Acid solution；By suitable polyamic acid solution spinning voltage be 15kV, promote rate be 0.01mL/min, spinning receive distance
Electrostatic spinning is carried out under conditions of being 8# for 20cm, syringe needle, polyamic acid tunica fibrosa is made in spinning 6h at room temperature；It will
Polyamic acid tunica fibrosa is put into baking oven, and 30min is separately dried at 150 DEG C, 200 DEG C, 250 DEG C and 300 DEG C and carries out imidization,
Obtain polyimide fiber film；Using the poly- carbonic acid with following formula (7) backbone structure and following formula (8) described closed-end structure
Ester prepares the polycarbonate DMF solution that mass concentration is 2%, polyimide fiber film is put into and wherein impregnates 2h, is then taken out
It is put into vacuum oven and dries at 120 DEG C for 24 hours to get polyimides/polycarbonate composite cellulosic membrane.After measured, wherein
The mass fraction of polyimides is 71%, and the mass fraction of polycarbonate is 29%.
Embodiment 4
1.25g 4 is weighed, 4'- diaminodiphenyl ether stirring and dissolving in ice-water bath keeps ice-water bath will in 30gDMF
1.37g pyromellitic acid anhydride is added in reaction system in three times, in ice-water bath after mechanic whirl-nett reaction 20h, obtains polyamide
Acid solution；By suitable polyamic acid solution spinning voltage be 15kV, promote rate be 0.01mL/min, spinning receive distance
Electrostatic spinning is carried out under conditions of being 8# for 20cm, syringe needle, polyamic acid tunica fibrosa is made in spinning 4h at room temperature；It will
Polyamic acid tunica fibrosa is put into baking oven, and 30min is separately dried at 150 DEG C, 200 DEG C, 250 DEG C and 300 DEG C and carries out imidization,
Obtain polyimide fiber film；Using the poly- carbonic acid with following formula (9) backbone structure and following formula (10) described closed-end structure
Ester prepares the bisphenol-a polycarbonate DMF solution that mass concentration is 5%, polyimide fiber film is put into and wherein impregnates 6h, so
It takes out to be put into vacuum oven afterwards and dry at 120 DEG C for 24 hours to get polyimides/polycarbonate composite cellulosic membrane.Through surveying
Fixed, wherein the mass fraction of polyimides is 84%, and the mass fraction of polycarbonate is 16%.
Comparative example 1
2.00g 4 is weighed, 4'- diaminodiphenyl ether stirring and dissolving in ice-water bath keeps ice-water bath will in 50gDMF
2.20g pyromellitic acid anhydride is added in reaction system in three times, in ice-water bath mechanic whirl-nett reaction for 24 hours after, obtain polyamide
Acid solution；By suitable polyamic acid solution spinning voltage be 15kV, promote rate be 0.01mL/min, spinning receive distance
Electrostatic spinning is carried out under conditions of being 8# for 20cm, syringe needle, polyamic acid tunica fibrosa is made in spinning 8h at room temperature；It will
Polyamic acid tunica fibrosa is put into baking oven, and 30min is separately dried at 150 DEG C, 200 DEG C, 250 DEG C and 300 DEG C and carries out imidization,
Obtain polyimide fiber film；The bisphenol-a polycarbonate DMF solution that mass concentration is 6% is prepared, polyimide fiber film is put
Enter and wherein impregnate 4h, then takes out that be put into vacuum oven at 120 DEG C drying multiple to get polyimides/polycarbonate for 24 hours
Condensating fiber film.After measured, wherein the mass fraction of polyimides is 73%, and the mass fraction of bisphenol-a polycarbonate is 27%.
Membrane properties test
To diaphragm provided by diaphragm provided by the commercial diaphragm of U.S. Celgard 2400, comparative example 1, Examples 1 to 4
It is tested for the property, including gas permeability, contact angle, imbibition rate, percent thermal shrinkage, the results are shown in Table 1.Contact angle and imbibition rate test are adopted
Electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte solution, consisting of the volume ratio of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate is l:1, wherein
Dissolve the lithium hexafluoro phosphate of 1mol/L.Percent thermal shrinkage test tests 30min at 250 DEG C.
1 membrane properties test result of table
As seen from the results in Table 1, battery separator prepared by the present invention shows excellent gas permeability, the parent with electrolyte
With property and thermal stability.Compared with the polyimide battery diaphragm that comparative example 1 provides, polyimides provided by the invention/poly- carbon
Acid esters composite cellulosic membrane significantly improves the compatibility between lithium-ion battery electrolytes, to electrolysis due to containing polycarbonate
The contact angle and imbibition rate of liquid are more excellent；Moreover, the polycarbonate that the present invention uses has fluorine-containing closed-end structure, further effectively
Improve the thermal stability of composite cellulosic membrane.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of battery separator, which is characterized in that the battery separator is polyimides/polycarbonate of skin-core structure
Composite cellulosic membrane；In the skin-core structure, polyimides is core, polycarbonate is skin；Based on mass fraction, the polyamides
Contain polyimides 70% ~ 90% in imines/polycarbonate composite cellulosic membrane, contains polycarbonate 10% ~ 30%；The polycarbonate is
Polycarbonate with fluorine-containing closed-end structure.
2. a kind of battery separator according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the poly- carbon with fluorine-containing closed-end structure
Acid esters includes following backbone structure and closed-end structure:
The backbone structure of following formula (1),
(1)
Wherein n is 100 ~ 550, R1Group is C8-C36Group, include at least one phenyl ring, and cycloalkanes can be further included
Based structures, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, silicon or phosphorus hetero atom；
The closed-end structure of following formula (2),
(2)
Wherein R2Group can be located at ortho position or the contraposition of the connected oxygen atom of phenyl ring, R2Group is C4-C16Saturated group, can be
It is cyclic annular or non-annularity, and wherein 50% ~ 100% hydrogen atom is replaced by fluorine atoms.
3. a kind of battery separator according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the polyimides/polycarbonate is multiple
Condensating fiber film is made by following methods:
(1) 4, the 4'- diaminodiphenyl ether and pyromellitic acid anhydride that molar ratio is 1:1.01 are weighed respectively, it will in ice-water bath
4,4'- diaminodiphenyl ether stirring and dissolvings keep ice-water bath and by equal benzene tetramethyl in a certain amount of n,N-Dimethylformamide
Acid dianhydride is added in reaction system in three times, in ice-water bath after mechanic whirl-nett reaction 12-24h, obtains polyamic acid solution；
(2) polyamic acid solution is carried out electrostatic spinning, electrospinning parameters are as follows: spinning voltage 15kV, propulsion rate are
0.01mL/min, it is 20cm, syringe needle 8# that spinning, which receives distance, and polyamic acid fiber is made in spinning 2-8h at room temperature
Film；
(3) polyamic acid tunica fibrosa is put into baking oven, be separately dried at 150 DEG C, 200 DEG C, 250 DEG C and 300 DEG C 30min into
Row imidization obtains polyimide fiber film；
(4) the polycarbonate DMF solution that mass concentration is 2% ~ 6% is prepared, polyimide fiber film is put into and wherein impregnates 2-8h,
It then takes out to be put into vacuum oven and dry at 120 DEG C for 24 hours to get polyimides/polycarbonate composite cellulosic membrane.
4. a kind of lithium ion battery, including electrode group and nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the electrode group include the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator,
It is characterized in that, the diaphragm is battery separator of any of claims 1-3.
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| CN201811142753.0A CN108963169B (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2018-09-28 | Battery separator and the battery for using the diaphragm |
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| CN107011506A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-08-04 | 中山市通彩化工科技有限公司 | It is a kind of that there is modified polycarbonate of specific closed-end structure and its production and use |
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| CN101983444A (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2011-03-02 | 日东电工株式会社 | Cell separator and cell using the same |
| CN102251307A (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2011-11-23 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | Polyimide-base nano fibrous membrane, and preparation method and application thereof |
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