CN108959821B - Direction-changeable lane passing control method for highway toll station - Google Patents
Direction-changeable lane passing control method for highway toll station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a design scheme of a reversible lane of a highway toll station. A highway toll station direction-changeable lane traffic control method aims at the characteristics that entrance and exit requirements of a highway toll station are unbalanced when the highway toll station starts and ends on weekends and during legal holidays or free traffic, performs direction-changeable design on partial lanes of the highway toll station, takes an MTC toll station as a research object, researches the queuing condition of vehicles at the highway toll station, establishes an M/G/1 queuing theory model, and establishes the relationship between the number of toll lanes and the arrival rate, service time and length of a toll plaza of the vehicles to obtain the number of direction-changeable lanes needing to be opened; a computer source program is compiled by adopting a computer programming method, and the program automatically runs by inputting the arrival rate of vehicles entering and exiting, the number of MTC lanes, the service time and the length of a toll plaza, so that the automatic calculation of the number of the steerable lanes is realized when the vehicles are jammed; and a single chip microcomputer signal control system is designed to realize automatic control of the steerable lane.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a design scheme of a lane capable of changing directions of a highway toll station, and aims to solve the problem of single-side congestion caused by the fact that the service demand on one side is far larger than that on the other side when the highway toll station starts and ends on weekends and during legal holidays or free passing.
Background
Due to the implementation of a free passing policy during the legal holiday period of the high-speed toll station and the increase of the number of vehicles passing between two cities on weekends, congestion occurs on the side with high service demand of the toll station due to insufficient number of service windows, and surplus number of service windows occurs on the side with low service demand due to short queuing length, so that the waste of the existing resources of the toll station is caused, and the service level of the toll station is reduced.
In order to solve the problem, learners sensitively propose a scheme of setting a reciprocating lane aiming at the unilateral congestion phenomenon of a toll station of a sea-crossing bridge in Zhoushan mountain in Zhejiang of summer season (a scheme of guaranteeing smooth traffic at the toll station under large flow [ J ]. China traffic informatization, 2013 (12): 40-42); aiming at the frequent congestion phenomenon of vehicles at a high-speed toll station, some students propose schemes for increasing a toll lane, building a non-stop toll system and opening a reciprocating lane (a congestion solution scheme [ J ] of the high-speed toll station, shandong traffic science and technology, 2012 (3): 70-71.). In the existing research, the congestion problem of the high-speed toll station is mostly solved by means of expanding the toll station, improving management efficiency, improving service efficiency by using advanced technology and the like, but the scheme for relieving the congestion by fully utilizing the existing resources of the toll station is less considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for controlling the traffic of a direction-changeable lane of a highway toll station, which aims at the defects of the prior art, takes an MTC (semi-automatic type) toll station as a research object, adopts an M/G/1 queuing theory method to establish a model, analyzes the influence of different lane numbers and vehicle arrival rates on the number of the direction-changeable lane of the toll station, performs computer programming analysis, realizes the automatic calculation of the number of the direction-changeable lane of the toll station, and then realizes the real-time dynamic automatic adjustment of the direction-changeable toll lane by designing a singlechip signal control system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a highway toll station reversible lane traffic control method is characterized in that a part of lanes of the highway toll station are designed in a reversible manner aiming at unbalanced entrance and exit requirements of the highway toll station at the beginning and the end of a weekend and in a legal holiday or free traffic period, an MTC toll station is used as a research object, the queuing condition of vehicles at the highway toll station is researched, an M/G/1 queuing theory model is built, and the relationship between the number of toll lanes and the arrival rate, the service time and the length of a toll plaza of the vehicles is built, so that the number of reversible lanes needing to be opened is obtained;
writing a computer source program by adopting a computer programming method, and automatically operating the program by inputting the arrival rate of vehicles entering and exiting, the number of MTC lanes, the service time and the length of a toll plaza so as to realize the automatic calculation of the number of steerable lanes when the vehicles are congested;
and a single chip microcomputer signal control system is designed to realize automatic control of the steerable lane.
The method for controlling the lane-changeable traffic of the highway toll station adopts an M/G/1 queuing theory method to establish a queuing theory model which accords with the reality of the highway toll station, and comprises the following steps:
1) Vehicle arrival distribution
Vehicles arriving at a toll station in any time period accord with three conditions of Poisson flow (Poisson), namely flow stationarity, flow unreliability and flow universality, and vehicle arrival distribution obeys Poisson distribution;
2) Service time distribution
Investigating the high-speed toll station to obtain import service time frequency data and export service time frequency data, wherein the import and export service time of the vehicle is subject to normal distribution;
3) Model building
Under the condition of congestion of a toll station, vehicles are queued, each toll window is an independent system, vehicles arrive in a system complying with Poisson distribution, service time complies with normal distribution, and the service conditions of an M/G/1 model are met;
average number of arriving vehicles per lane per unit time:
in the formula: lambda [ alpha ] General assembly Vehicle arrival rate at entrance and exit of toll station, veh/h; lambda [ alpha ] ETC The arrival rate of ETC vehicles at the entrance and the exit of the toll station, veh/h; k, the number of the lanes at the entrance and the exit except the ETC lane;
when the vehicle arrival rate lambda is calculated, the traffic volume of various vehicle types in the traffic composition is converted into the standard automobile traffic volume by adopting a formula (2):
V e ＝V∑P i E i (2)
in the formula: v e Converting traffic volume, also called equivalent traffic volume, pcu/h; v, the total traffic volume which is not converted, veh/h; p i The percentage of the ith type of vehicle traffic to the total traffic; e i Vehicle conversion factor of the ith vehicle;
the ratio of the average number of arrival of the vehicles in the same time interval to the average number of the vehicles which can be served is the service intensity, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula: mu-service rate, pcu/h,
t-service time, s;
the survey data are analyzed to obtain expected values and variances of service time of the entrance lane and the exit lane, as shown in table 1:
table 1 service time statistics
Maximum vehicle queue length that the toll plaza can accommodate:
in the formula: l-the maximum vehicle queue length that can be accommodated in the toll plaza, pcu; s-length of the toll plaza, m; h-the distance between the two adjacent vehicles, m, is generally 6m;
average queuing length:
l and L obtained by the above formula q Then, a comparison is made when L = L q In the meantime, the toll station reaches a critical point of congestion, and the minimum number of lanes to be opened at the moment is as follows:
when L > L q In time, the toll station has a congestion phenomenon, the number of the direction-changeable lanes to be opened is calculated by utilizing K', and the problem of one-side congestion is solved by fully utilizing the entrance and exit lanes of the toll station; when L < L q In time, the toll station has no congestion phenomenon, and the reversible lane does not need to be opened.
If the entrances and exits do not reach the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza or both the entrances and exits exceed the maximum queuing length, the procedure is ended at this moment, and the traffic flow continues to move in the original toll direction;
once the toll station has the condition that the average queuing length on one side exceeds the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza, the program automatically selects another operation: the number of lanes in the original average queuing length is changed into a corresponding numerical value after opening k turning lanes, but the k value is necessarily smaller than the number of lanes at the entrance and the exit, the number of changed lanes is iterated in the sequence of natural numbers from 1 until the queuing lengths of the vehicles at the entrance and the exit are relatively balanced, the k value at the moment is reserved as an optimal solution, and the data finally displayed by the program is the number of the lanes at the entrance and the exit after adjustment.
The method for controlling the lane-changeable traffic of the highway toll station is characterized in that after the lane-changeable traffic is opened, the lane-changeable traffic is changed according to the following conditions: if the interference is caused to the opposite vehicles, when the average queuing length of the opposite vehicles reaches the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza, the vehicle arrival rate detected at the moment is input into a program to obtain the optimal number of the imported and exported lanes; if the interference to the opposite vehicles is not caused, whether the bidirectional average queuing length reaches the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza or not is judged according to the arrival rate of the vehicles during detection, and if the bidirectional average queuing length does not reach the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza, the opened diversion lane is closed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to a lane-changeable traffic control method for a highway toll station, which is used for carrying out a lane-changeable design on part of lanes of the highway toll station according to the characteristics of unbalanced requirements of entrances and exits of the toll station at the beginning and ending time periods of holidays and weekends. The automatic calculation of the number of the steerable lanes of the toll station and the real-time dynamic automatic adjustment of the steerable toll lanes are realized. The physical model manufacturing shows that the design scheme is feasible, and the design result has an obvious effect on relieving the congestion of the high-speed toll station.
2. The invention relates to a highway toll station direction-changeable lane passing control method, which obtains the queuing characteristics of vehicles by carrying out field investigation on a highway toll station, establishes the relationship between the number of toll lanes and the arrival rate, the service time and the length of a toll plaza of the vehicles by applying an M/G/1 queuing theory model, and obtains the number of direction-changeable lanes to be opened. The automatic calculation of the number of the steerable lanes is realized by adopting computer programming when the vehicles are jammed, the automatic control of the steerable lanes is realized by adopting a singlechip system design technology, the single-side jam phenomenon of the expressway toll station is relieved, and the utilization rate and the service level of the toll station are improved; the design is scientific and reasonable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of import service time frequency;
FIG. 2 is a graph of egress service time frequency;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a computer program of the method for controlling the direction-changeable lane traffic of the highway toll station according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates the working principle of USB to serial;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single chip microcomputer control circuit;
FIG. 6 is a graph of operational results;
FIG. 7 is a lane-alterable ground-marking layout;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged partial view of the reversible lane ground markings;
fig. 9-1 and 9-2 are lane-changeable signboards.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.
Example 1
The invention relates to a lane-changeable traffic control method for a highway toll station, which aims at the characteristic that the requirements of an entrance and an exit are unbalanced when the highway toll station starts and ends on weekends and occurs in legal festivals and holidays or free traffic periods, can change the lanes of part of the lanes of the highway toll station, takes an MTC (semi-automatic type) toll station as a research object, researches the queuing condition of vehicles in the highway toll station, establishes an M/G/1 queuing theory model, establishes the relationship between the number of toll lanes and the arrival rate, the service time and the length of a toll plaza of the vehicles, and obtains the number of the lane-changeable lanes needing to be opened.
The method adopts computer language to program, and automatically runs the program by inputting the arrival rate of vehicles entering and leaving the toll booth, the number of MTC lanes, the service time and the length of the toll booth, thereby realizing the automatic calculation of the number of steerable lanes when the vehicles are jammed.
And the CH340GUSB conversion serial port chip is utilized, and the automatic control of the reversible lane is realized by adopting the design technology of a single chip microcomputer system.
According to the traffic design and the traffic control theory, the driving psychology of a driver is analyzed, and the ground mark lines, the indicating lamps and the sign boards of the reversible toll plaza are designed, so that the driver can obtain the relevant information of the toll station in time, and the safe and efficient operation of the reversible lane is ensured. For this study, since an ETC (automated) exclusive steerable lane is not designed, if an ETC toll collection lane exists in the toll station, it is necessary to set it on the rightmost side in the same direction.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, the highway toll station direction-changeable lane passing control method of the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: an M/G/1 queuing theory method is adopted to establish a practical queuing theory model conforming to a high-speed toll station, and the process is as follows:
1) Vehicle arrival distribution
Vehicles arriving at a toll station in any time period accord with three conditions of Poisson flow (Poisson), namely flow stationarity, flow unreliability and flow universality, and vehicle arrival distribution obeys Poisson distribution;
2) Service time distribution
Investigating the high-speed toll station to obtain import service time frequency data and export service time frequency data, wherein the import and export service time of the vehicle is normally distributed;
3) Model building
Under the condition that a toll station is congested, vehicles are queued, each toll window is an independent system, the vehicles arrive in a system complying with Poisson distribution, the service time is complying with normal distribution, and the service condition of an M/G/1 model is met;
average number of arriving vehicles per lane per unit time:
in the formula: lambda [ alpha ] General assembly -toll gate entrance (exit) vehicle arrival rate, veh/h; lambda ETC -toll gate ingress (egress) ETC vehicle arrival rate, veh/h; k-the number of lanes to (from) the entrance other than the ETC lane.
The toll station has complicated vehicle types, and when the vehicle arrival rate lambda is calculated, the traffic volume of various vehicle types in the traffic composition is converted into the standard vehicle traffic volume:
and (3) traffic volume conversion: v e ＝V∑P i E i (2)
In the formula: v e -converted traffic, also called equivalent traffic, pcu/h; v-the total traffic volume not converted, veh/h; p i -type i car traffic as a percentage of total traffic; e i -vehicle conversion factor for class i vehicles;
the conversion coefficients of vehicles of small-sized vehicles and large-sized vehicles are respectively 1.3 and 1.7 (traffic engineering handbook of China Highway society, compilation Committee, traffic engineering handbook [ M ]. Beijing: people traffic press, 1998.);
the ratio of the average number of arrival of the vehicles in the same time interval to the average number of the vehicles which can be served is the service intensity, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula: mu-service rate, pcu/h,
t-service time, s;
the survey data are analyzed to obtain expected values and variances of service time of the entrance lane and the exit lane, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 service time statistics
Maximum vehicle queue length that the toll plaza can accommodate:
in the formula: l-the maximum vehicle queue length that can be accommodated in the toll plaza, pcu; s-length of the toll plaza, m; h-the distance between the two adjacent vehicles, m, is generally 6m;
average queuing length:
using the above formula to obtain L and L q Then, a comparison is made when L = L q In time, the toll station reaches the critical point of congestion, and the minimum number of lanes to be opened at this time is as follows:
when L > L q In time, the toll station has congestion phenomenon, and K' is used for calculating the value to be openedThe number of the turning lanes is increased, and the problem of single-side congestion is solved by fully utilizing the entrance lane and the exit lane of the toll station; when L < L q In time, the toll station has no congestion phenomenon, and the reversible lane does not need to be opened.
Example 3
The highway toll station lane-changeable traffic control method of the embodiment is different from the embodiment 2 in that: further, if the entrances and exits do not reach the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza or both the entrances and exits exceed the maximum queuing length, the procedure is ended at this time, and the traffic flow continues to move in the original toll direction;
once the condition that the unilateral average queuing length exceeds the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza occurs in the toll station, the program automatically selects another operation: the number of lanes in the original average queuing length is changed into a corresponding numerical value after opening k turning lanes, but the k value must be smaller than the number of lanes at the entrance (exit), the number of changed lanes is iterated in the sequence of natural numbers from 1 until the queuing lengths of the vehicles at the entrance and the exit are relatively balanced, the k value at the moment is reserved as an optimal solution, and the data displayed finally by the program is the number of the lanes at the entrance and the exit after adjustment.
The program is applied to a high-speed toll station with one-side congestion, the using time is not limited, and the program automatically runs by inputting the number of vehicles detected by the traffic flow detectors of all lanes in unit time and data of the number of lanes at entrance and exit, service time and length of a toll plaza, and calculates the average number of queued vehicles.
Example 4
The highway toll station lane-changeable traffic control method of the embodiment is different from the embodiment 3 in that: after the direction-changeable lane is opened, the direction-changeable lane is changed according to the following conditions:
if the interference is caused to the opposite vehicles, when the average queuing length of the opposite vehicles reaches the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza, the vehicle arrival rate detected at the moment is input into a program to obtain the optimal number of the imported and exported lanes;
if the opposite vehicles are not interfered, judging whether the bidirectional average queuing length reaches the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza according to the vehicle arrival rate in detection, and if the bidirectional average queuing length does not reach the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza, closing the opened turning lane.
Example 5
The highway toll station direction-changeable lane passing control method of the embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2 in that: writing a computer source program by adopting a computer programming method to realize the automatic calculation of the number of the steerable lanes when the vehicle is jammed, wherein the method comprises the following steps of;
1) The number of vehicles detected by the traffic flow detector of each lane in unit time, the number of the lanes for entrance and exit, service time and the length data of a toll plaza are input, and the average number of queued vehicles is calculated;
2) If the entrances and exits do not reach the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza or both of the entrances and exits exceed the maximum queuing length, the procedure is ended at this time, and the traffic flow continues to move in the original toll direction; once the unilateral average queuing length of the toll station exceeds the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza, the program automatically selects another operation at the moment: the number of lanes in the original average queuing length is changed into a corresponding numerical value after opening k turning lanes, but the k value is necessarily smaller than the number of lanes at the entrance and the exit, the number of changed lanes is iterated in the sequence of natural numbers from 1 until the queuing lengths of the vehicles at the entrance and the exit are relatively balanced, the k value at the moment is reserved as an optimal solution, and the data finally displayed by the program is the number of the lanes at the entrance and the exit after adjustment.
The program is applied to a high-speed toll station with congestion at one side, the use time is not limited, and the program automatically runs.
Example 6
Referring to fig. 1-9, the method for controlling the lane change of the highway toll station according to the invention can perform the lane change design on part of lanes of the highway toll station according to the characteristics of unbalanced demands of the entrance and the exit of the toll station at the beginning and the ending time of holidays and weekends.
The method takes an MTC (semi-automatic type) toll station as a research object to research the queuing condition of vehicles at the high-speed toll station, so as to obtain an actual queuing theory model conforming to the high-speed toll station. And compiling a calculation program related to the arrival rate of the vehicles at the entrance and the exit, the number of MTC lanes, the service time and the length of a toll plaza according to the model, automatically calculating the number of the turning lanes to be opened, and realizing the real-time automatic control of the turning lanes by designing a single chip microcomputer signal control system. According to traffic design, traffic control theory and the driving psychology of drivers, express way and ramp indicating boards and toll plaza ground marking lines are designed, so that the drivers can obtain related information of toll stations in time. For this study, since an ETC (automated) exclusive steerable lane is not designed, if an ETC toll collection lane exists in the toll station, it is necessary to set it on the rightmost side in the same direction.
1. Mathematical model establishment
1.1 vehicle arrival Profile
Through investigation, vehicles arriving at toll stations in any time period accord with three conditions of Poisson flow (Poisson), namely flow stationarity, flow non-aftereffect and flow universality, and the vehicle arrival distribution obeys the Poisson distribution.
1.2 service time distribution
The toll stations in the new urban area of the high-speed mountain top of south Luo are investigated, and data analysis shows that the import and export service time of the vehicles obeys normal distribution under different conditions, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
1.3 model building
Under the condition that the toll station is congested, vehicles are queued, each toll window is an independent system, the vehicles arrive according to Poisson distribution, the service time is according to normal distribution, and the service condition of the M/G/1 model is met.
Average number of arriving vehicles per lane per unit time:
in the formula: lambda General assembly -toll gate entrance (exit) vehicle arrival rate, veh/h; lambda [ alpha ] ETC -toll gate ingress (egress) ETC vehicle arrival rate, veh/h; k-the number of lanes to (from) the entrance other than the ETC lane.
Due to the complex vehicle type of the toll station, the traffic volume of various vehicle types in the actual or predicted traffic composition needs to be converted into the standard vehicle traffic volume in order to calculate the vehicle arrival rate lambda conveniently.
And (3) traffic volume conversion:
V e ＝V∑P i E i (2)
in the formula: v e -converted traffic, also called equivalent traffic, pcu/h; v-the total traffic volume not converted, veh/h; p i -percentage of class i car traffic to total traffic; e i Vehicle conversion factor for class i carts.
The conversion coefficients of vehicles of small-sized vehicles and large-sized vehicles are 1.3 and 1.7 respectively (traffic engineering handbook of China Highway society, eds. Traffic engineering handbook [ M ]. Beijing: people's traffic press, 1998).
The ratio of the average number of arrival of the vehicles in the same time interval to the average number of the vehicles which can be served is the service intensity, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula: mu-service rate, pcu/h,
t-service time, s.
The expected service time values and variances of the entrance lane and the exit lane were obtained from the survey data, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 service time statistics
Maximum vehicle queue length that the toll plaza can accommodate:
in the formula: l-the maximum vehicle queue length that can be accommodated in the toll plaza, pcu; s-length of the toll plaza, m; h-the headway of two adjacent vehicles, m, typically takes 6m.
Average queuing length:
using the above formula to obtain L and L q Then, a comparison is made when L = L q In the meantime, the toll station reaches a critical point of congestion, and the minimum number of lanes to be opened at the moment is as follows:
when L > L q In time, the toll station has a congestion phenomenon, the number of the direction-changeable lanes to be opened is calculated by utilizing K', and the problem of one-side congestion is solved by fully utilizing the entrance and exit lanes of the toll station; when L is less than L q In time, the toll station has no congestion phenomenon, and the reversible lane is not required to be opened.
2. Program writing (flow chart as shown in figure 3)
The program is applied to a high-speed toll station with one-side congestion, the using time is not limited, and the program can automatically run by inputting the number of vehicles detected by the traffic flow detector of each lane in unit time, and data of the number of lanes entering and exiting, service time and length of a toll plaza, and calculates the average number of queued vehicles. If the entrances and exits do not reach the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza or both of the entrances and exits exceed the maximum queuing length, the procedure is ended at this time, and the traffic flow continues to move in the original toll direction; once the unilateral average queuing length of the toll station exceeds the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza, the program automatically selects another operation at the moment: the number of lanes in the original average queuing length is changed into a corresponding numerical value after opening k turning lanes, but the k value is necessarily smaller than the number of lanes at the entrance (exit), the number of changed lanes is iterated in the sequence of natural numbers from 1 until the queuing lengths of the vehicles at the entrance and the exit are relatively balanced, the k value at the moment is reserved as an optimal solution, and the data finally displayed by the program is the number of the lanes at the entrance and the exit after adjustment.
3. System architecture
And the PC is communicated with the singlechip through the CH340G chip by utilizing the CH340GUSB to convert into a serial port chip. When the computer transmits data to the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer responds and receives the data, meanwhile, the single chip microcomputer conducts odd-even check, no error is confirmed, and communication is completed. The working principle of the USB-to-serial port is shown in fig. 4.
According to the pull-up mode, the cathode of the light-emitting diode is connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the anode of the light-emitting diode is connected with the power supply through the current-limiting resistor. When the single chip microcomputer is set at a low level, the light emitting diode works, otherwise, the light emitting diode is turned off. The main circuit diagram is shown in fig. 5.
4. Case analysis
Suppose an import-export vehicle arrival rate λ 1 ＝1200pcu/h，λ 2 =200pcu/h, when the number of the MTC lanes at the entrance and the exit is 4, the service time is 10.4s and 19.9s respectively, and the length of the toll plaza is 102m, the average number of queued vehicles is L of entrances respectively q1 =37pcu, outlet L q2 =2pcu, maximum queue length L =17pcu that can be accommodated in the toll plaza, and satisfies the condition of one-side congestion, and L of the entrance is calculated when k =2 q1 ' =11pcu, L of export q2 ' =7pcu, the entrance and exit have not reached the maximum queue length that the toll plaza can accommodate, the program finally shows that the recommended number of entrance and exit lanes is 6 and 2 respectively. The program run result interface is shown in fig. 6.
Analyzing the operation result: the program provides the optimal value of the number of the opened turning lanes, so that the congestion condition of the entrance direction of the toll station is relieved, and the service level of the toll station can be effectively improved.
After the direction-changeable lane is opened, the direction-changeable lane is changed according to the following conditions:
if the interference is caused to the opposite vehicle: when the average queuing length of the opposite vehicles reaches the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by a toll plaza, the arrival rate of the vehicles detected at the moment is input into a program to obtain the optimal number of lanes at the moment; if the interference to the opposite vehicle is not caused: the detected vehicle arrival rate should be input at intervals according to local conditions. And when the two-way average queuing length does not reach the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza, closing the open turning lane.
5. Accessories
Marking: in a toll station square, a ground marking of a reversible lane is represented by a combination of a 'V' type line and a double yellow solid line, yellow is used for warning, the 'V' type line is used for distinguishing a non-reversible lane, and the solid line represents that a vehicle cannot cross. Considering that the lane-changeable vehicle has two driving directions, a two-color double-direction arrow is marked on the ground, black indicates the original driving direction, yellow indicates the driving direction when the lane-changeable vehicle is opened, and lane-changeable ground marks are shown in fig. 7 and 8.
A prompt lamp: a prompting lamp is arranged above the direction-changeable lane, when a certain direction is started, one side of the direction displays a green arrow, the other side of the direction displays a red cross, the red cross indicates that the vehicle is prohibited from passing in the lane and the direction, the green arrow indicates that the vehicle is permitted to pass in the lane and the direction, and the original display of the other lanes is not changed.
And a no-pass prompting lamp is arranged at the tail end of the diversion lane barrier. The red fork-shaped prompt lamp is lightened before the lane is turned on, and the corresponding display screen at the ceiling is closed at the same time, no vehicle is allowed to enter the lane, so that the vehicle which is not driven away at the moment is emptied, and the duration is determined according to the length of the toll plaza.
Sign: according to the traffic engineering handbook, when the designed vehicle speed is 70-90 km/h, the size of the sign is 160 multiplied by 120cm, the color of the sign is blue bottom, white frame and blue lining, and the color of the indication characters is white. The display on the sign is shown in fig. 9-1 and 9-2.
The invention uses M/G/1 queuing theory model to establish the relationship between the number of toll lanes and the arrival rate, service time and length of the toll plaza to obtain the number of steerable lanes to be opened; the automatic calculation of the number of the steerable lanes is realized by adopting computer programming when the vehicle is jammed, and the automatic control of the steerable lanes is realized by adopting a singlechip system design technology; the driving psychology of a driver is analyzed, and a traffic design theory is adopted to design ground marking lines, indicator lights and signboards of the reversible toll plaza, so that safe and efficient operation of the reversible lane is guaranteed.
The application range is as follows: (1) The difference of inlet and outlet flow in a certain period of the high-speed toll station is large, and the phenomenon of single-side congestion exists; (2) The area of the high-speed toll station is limited, and the number of toll windows is difficult to increase through expansion; (3) The MTC toll collection lane is mainly used, and at least two lanes are arranged on one side; and (4) the ETC lane is arranged at the rightmost side.
At present, most of domestic toll stations are provided with the ETC toll lane, and the ETC toll lane is only one in one way under the general condition, so the scheme does not carry out the reversible design on the ETC toll lane.
Claims (4)
1. A lane-changeable traffic control method for a highway toll station aims at the characteristics of unbalanced entrance and exit demands of the highway toll station at the beginning and the end of a weekend and during legal holidays or free traffic, and carries out direction-changeable design on partial lanes of the highway toll station, and is characterized in that:
taking an MTC toll station as a research object, researching the queuing condition of vehicles at a high-speed toll station, establishing an M/G/1 queuing theory model, and establishing the relationship between the number of toll lanes and the arrival rate, service time and length of a toll plaza of the vehicles to obtain the number of reversible lanes to be opened;
writing a computer source program by adopting a computer programming method, and automatically operating the program by inputting the arrival rate of vehicles entering and exiting, the number of MTC lanes, the service time and the length of a toll plaza so as to realize the automatic calculation of the number of steerable lanes when the vehicles are congested;
designing a single chip microcomputer signal control system to realize automatic control of the steerable lane;
the process of establishing the M/G/1 queuing theory model is as follows:
under the condition that a toll station is congested, vehicles are queued, each toll window is an independent system, the vehicles arrive in a system complying with Poisson distribution, the service time is complying with normal distribution, and the service condition of an M/G/1 model is met;
average number of arriving vehicles per lane per unit time:
in the formula: lambda General (1) Vehicle arrival rate at entrance and exit of toll station, veh/h; lambda ETC The arrival rate of ETC vehicles at the entrance and the exit of the toll station, veh/h; k, the number of the entrance lanes and the exit lanes except the ETC lane;
when the vehicle arrival rate lambda is calculated, the traffic volume of various vehicle types in the traffic composition is converted into the standard vehicle traffic volume by adopting a formula (2):
V e ＝V∑P i E i (2)
in the formula: v e Converting the traffic volume, also called equivalent traffic volume, pcu/h; v, the total traffic volume which is not converted, veh/h; p is i The percentage of the traffic volume of the ith vehicle to the total traffic volume; e i Vehicle conversion factor of the i-th vehicle;
the ratio of the average number of arrival of the vehicles in the same time interval to the average number of the vehicles which can be served is the service intensity, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula: mu-service rate, pcu/h,
t-service time, s;
the survey data are analyzed to obtain expected values and variances of service time of the entrance lane and the exit lane, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 service time statistics
Maximum vehicle queue length that the toll plaza can accommodate:
in the formula: l-the maximum vehicle queue length, pcu, that can be accommodated in the toll plaza; s-length of the toll plaza, m; h-the distance between the two adjacent vehicles, m, is generally 6m;
average queuing length:
l and L obtained by the above formula q Then, a comparison is made when L = L q In time, the toll station reaches the critical point of congestion, and the minimum number of lanes to be opened at this time is as follows:
when L > L q In time, the toll station has a congestion phenomenon, the number of the direction-changeable lanes to be opened is calculated by utilizing K', and the problem of one-side congestion is solved by fully utilizing the entrance and exit lanes of the toll station; when L < L q In time, the toll station has no congestion phenomenon, and the reversible lane does not need to be opened.
2. The highway toll station reversible lane passing control method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
if the entrances and exits do not reach the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza or both the entrances and exits exceed the maximum queuing length, the procedure is ended at this moment, and the traffic flow continues to move in the original toll direction;
once the toll station has the condition that the average queuing length on one side exceeds the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza, the program automatically selects another operation: the number of lanes in the original average queuing length is changed into a corresponding numerical value after opening k turning lanes, but the k value is necessarily smaller than the number of lanes at the entrance and the exit, the number of changed lanes is iterated in the sequence of natural numbers from 1 until the queuing lengths of the vehicles at the entrance and the exit are relatively balanced, the k value at the moment is reserved as an optimal solution, and the data finally displayed by the program is the number of the lanes at the entrance and the exit after adjustment.
3. The highway toll station direction-changeable lane passage control method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: after the direction-changeable lane is opened, the direction-changeable lane is changed according to the following conditions:
when the average queuing length of the opposite vehicles reaches the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by a toll plaza, the arrival rate of the vehicles detected at the moment is input into a program to obtain the optimal number of the lanes for import and export;
if the interference to the opposite vehicles is not caused, whether the bidirectional average queuing length reaches the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza or not is judged according to the arrival rate of the vehicles during detection, and if the bidirectional average queuing length does not reach the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza, the opened diversion lane is closed.
4. The highway toll station lane-changeable traffic control method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: writing a computer source program by adopting a computer programming method to realize the automatic calculation of the number of the steerable lanes when the vehicle is jammed, wherein the method comprises the following steps of;
1) The number of vehicles detected by the traffic flow detector of each lane in unit time, the number of lanes for entrance and exit, service time and the length data of a toll plaza are input, and the average number of queued vehicles is calculated;
2) If the entrances and exits do not reach the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza or both the entrances and exits exceed the maximum queuing length, the procedure is ended at this moment, and the traffic flow continues to move in the original toll direction; once the average queuing length of the single side of the toll station exceeds the maximum queuing length which can be accommodated by the toll plaza, the program automatically selects another operation at the moment: the number of lanes in the original average queuing length is changed into a corresponding numerical value after opening k turning lanes, but the k value must be smaller than the number of lanes at the entrance and the exit, the number of changed lanes is iterated in the order of natural numbers from 1 until the queuing lengths of vehicles at the entrance and the exit are relatively balanced, the k value at the moment is kept as an optimal solution, and the data displayed finally by the program is the number of the lanes at the entrance and the exit after adjustment.
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| CN109949098B (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-12-08 | 山西省交通规划勘察设计院有限公司 | Method for calculating number of lanes of highway toll station |
| CN110008595B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2023-11-03 | 交通运输部路网监测与应急处置中心 | ETC energy-saving and emission-reducing benefit measuring and calculating method and device |
| CN110132259A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 爱驰汽车有限公司 | Autonomous driving vehicle passes through the method for charge station, system, equipment and storage medium |
| CN112053454A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-08 | 四川路桥建设集团交通工程有限公司 | Monitoring system and method for highway toll station |
| CN113160582B (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-11-11 | 招商新智科技有限公司 | Highway flow management and control method and system |
| CN112446972B (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-11-19 | 华南理工大学 | System and method for inducing vehicles to orderly enter toll station |
| CN112669627A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-16 | 山西省交通信息通信有限公司 | Toll station monitoring method, toll station monitor and toll station monitoring system |
| CN113257013B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-09-21 | 深圳市安达信通讯设备有限公司 | Traffic control system for ramp |
| CN113850991B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-11-01 | 北京北大千方科技有限公司 | Traffic condition identification method and device for toll station, storage medium and terminal |
| CN114120640A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-03-01 | 重庆市市政设计研究院有限公司 | Road traffic volume self-adaptive control device for multi-source dynamic data check |
| CN115223359A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-10-21 | 北京掌行通信息技术有限公司 | Method and device for early warning of toll station, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN115359659B (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2023-06-20 | 山西省交通新技术发展有限公司 | Lane opening and closing configuration method and system |
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