CN108955865A - A kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on switched capacitor technique - Google Patents
A kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on switched capacitor technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN108955865A CN108955865A CN201710360165.3A CN201710360165A CN108955865A CN 108955865 A CN108955865 A CN 108955865A CN 201710360165 A CN201710360165 A CN 201710360165A CN 108955865 A CN108955865 A CN 108955865A
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
- G01H11/08—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means using piezoelectric devices
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Abstract
A kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on switched capacitor technique, is made of piezoelectric energy collector and signal conditioning circuit.Sinusoidal vibration is directly detected by piezoelectric energy collector, and converts corresponding output voltage for the vibration；Signal conditioning circuit is built using switched-capacitor circuit, pulse shaper and low-pass filter；It is handled by output voltage of the signal conditioning circuit to piezoelectric energy collector, obtains the output voltage signal of a reflection vibration frequency size；To realize the direct measurement of sinusoidal vibration frequency, while simplifying vibrating sensor system structure, reduces use cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sensor fields, are related specifically to a kind of novel vibrating frequency sensing based on switched capacitor technique
Device system.
Background technique
Mechanical oscillation phenomenon is prevalent in the every aspect of production, life, it is intended that control mechanical oscillation are with more preferable
The production of the mankind, life are served in ground.But in most cases, mechanical oscillation are uncontrollable and are harmful, examples
Such as: the friction of mechanical bearing or bias will will lead to high speed and precision main shaft and generate vibration, and then influence precision machined precision；Machine
Tool, which resonates, can aggravate the vibration of machine and rotary part, lead to mechanical breakdown, or even destroy entire production system, cause economic damage
The serious consequences such as mistake, casualties, environmental pollution.For the harm for reducing mechanical oscillation, guarantee mechanical equipment safe and reliable operation,
The early diagnosis of the real-time monitoring and mechanical breakdown of mechanical oscillation is highly important.Currently, common mechanical oscillation are supervised in real time
It surveys and analysis method includes: vibration measurement and analysis, crude oil sample analysis, flaw detection, noise measuring etc., vibrate in the above-mentioned methods
Measurement and analysis are a kind of relatively effective methods.
In recent years, occur the vibrating sensor of diversified forms on the market, can be generally divided into two classes: non-contact sensor
Device system and touch sensor system.Wherein noncontacting proximity sensor system is mostly made of capacitor, inductance, optical element etc.,
Certain effect is achieved to a certain extent.But still there are problems to need to solve, such as the biography based on capacitor and inductance
Sensor system electromagnetism interference performance is poor；Sensing system based on optical element be easy by rough surface, opaque gas,
The influence of the factors such as dust；In addition, noncontacting proximity sensor system structure is more complicated, higher cost.In contrast, contact
Sensing system is then the vibration using some sensors such as accelerometer or probe measurement body surface, with non-contact sensor
Device system is compared, and touch sensor system is relatively simple, cost is relatively low, can equally obtain preferable effect.
However, existing vibration frequency sensing system, all there is following lack in either contact or contactless
It falls into:
(1) most of vibrating sensor system directly measures the displacement of vibration, velocity and acceleration, and can not directly reflect vibration
The size of frequency；
(2) in order to obtain frequency information from these common vibrating sensor systems, it is necessary to increase additional conversion or processing
Unit, leads to that system is more complicated, redundancy, increases use cost.
Summary of the invention
Existing vibration frequency sensing system there are aiming at the problem that, the present invention it is a kind of based on the novel of switched capacitor technique
Vibration frequency sensing system, is made of piezoelectric energy collector and signal conditioning circuit.It is direct by piezoelectric energy collector
Sinusoidal vibration is detected, and converts corresponding output voltage for the vibration；Utilize switched-capacitor circuit, pulse shaper and low pass filtered
Wave device builds signal conditioning circuit；It is handled, is obtained by output voltage of the signal conditioning circuit to piezoelectric energy collector
The output voltage signal of one reflection vibration frequency size；To realize the direct measurement of sinusoidal vibration frequency, while simplifying vibration
Sensing system structure reduces use cost.
A kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on switched capacitor technique, as shown in Figure 1, comprising: piezoelectric energy
Collector and signal conditioning circuit.
The piezoelectric energy collector uses Piezoelectric Cantilever Beams, and piezoelectric energy collector is clamped to be fixed on shake table
On.Function signal generator generates a sine output signal, and shake table is input to after power amplifier amplifies and generates phase
The sinusoidal vibration answered, by this method, shake table provide the sinusoidal vibration under determining frequency for piezoelectric cantilever.By the sinusoidal vibration of input
The influence of dynamic excitation, is based on piezoelectric effect, and the bilevel piezoelectric material of piezoelectric cantilever generates stretching or compression because of vibration
Deformation forms sine output voltage.Thus, piezoelectric energy collector can be defeated at corresponding sine by sinusoidal vibration frequency conversion
Voltage out.
The signal conditioning circuit is made of switched-capacitor circuit, pulse shaper and low-pass filter, can be used for handling
The sine output voltage of piezoelectric energy collector, and export a voltage signal relevant to vibration frequency size.
The switched-capacitor circuit, as shown in Fig. 2, by switchingIt is formed with full bridge rectifier, the switchWith pressure
Electric energy collect and acquisition parallel connection can be used for driving full bridge rectifier.SwitchBy the pulse control of fixed duty cycle.It is every through more than half
A vibration period, the output electric current of piezoelectric energy collectorIt runs past zero point or symbol changes, current zero-crossing point touching
Hair generates pulse control signal, so that switchConducting, discharges capacitor quicklyThe voltage at both ends, onceIt completes, switchJust it will disconnect.When the output electric current of piezoelectric energy collector becomes timing from negative through zero crossing, switched-capacitor circuit both ends
Voltage byBecome；It is opposite, when piezoelectric energy collector output electric current through zero crossing by
When just becoming negative, the voltage at switched-capacitor circuit both endsByBecome.In conclusion opening
Powered-down capacitive circuit output voltageAnd electric currentIt is same phase.Therefore, switched-capacitor circuit can be used for tracking piezoelectric energy acquisition
The zero point of device output electric current simultaneously overturns piezoelectric energy collector output voltage polarity, to realize the tracking of vibration frequency, simultaneously
To switched-capacitor circuit output voltage.The tradition application of switched-capacitor circuit acquires field mainly for piezoelectric energy, is pressing
It can be used for reducing the energy loss during piezoelectric ceramics capacitor charge and discharge during generated energy acquisition, to improve piezoelectric energy
The energy acquisition power of collector；And in the present invention, switched-capacitor circuit is mainly used for follow current zero point, turnover voltage pole
Property, to realize the tracking of vibration frequency.
The pulse shaper specifically includes that as shown in figure 3, being connected with switched-capacitor circuitDifferential circuit, electricity
Comparator, monostable flipflop are pressed, three is sequentially connected.It is describedDifferential circuit is by switched-capacitor circuit output voltage signalIt is converted to periodical sharp pulse signal, in differential circuit the specific value of capacitor and resistance by vibration frequency andWhen
Between constantIt determines.Time constantAnd the vibration periodFollowing relationship should be met:, in this way in switching capacity electricity
The rising and falling edges of road signal, the output voltage of differential circuitIt just will appear higher pulse spike, thus after being conducive to
The processing of step voltage comparator；The voltage comparator, withDifferential circuit is connected, by comparing sharp pulseJoin with direct current
Examine voltage, can be by sharp pulseConvert squaring, the pulsewidth of the rectangular pulse becomes with vibration frequency
Change, in order to obtain preferable conversion effect, DC reference voltageIt should be less than 50mV；The monostable flipflop, with voltage ratio
It is connected compared with device, it, can be by the rectangular pulse of pulse width variations positioned at the end of pulse shaperIt is converted to the fixed rectangle of pulsewidth
Pulse, utilize the available pulsewidth of the monostable flipflop and the changeless periodic rectangular pulse of high level.To sum up institute
It states, it can be by the output voltage of switched-capacitor circuit by pulse shaperBe converted to the rectangle of pulsewidth and high level fixation
Pulse。
The low-pass filter, as shown in figure 4, being located at the end of signal modulation circuit, by single orderFilter and second order
Sallen-Key low-pass filter composition.The rectangular pulse that low-pass filter can be used for filtering out pulsewidth and high level is fixedIn
AC compounent to extract its DC component, and then obtain the specific value of vibration frequency。
It theoretically analyzes, the acquisition process of sinusoidal vibration frequency is as follows:
The specific mathematic(al) representation of periodic rectangular pulse that pulsewidth and high level are fixed are as follows:
Wherein,Indicate pulse width,Indicate the period,For output voltage high level.FunctionFourier space
Form may be expressed as:
The DC component and pulse width for the periodic rectangular pulse that pulsewidth and high level are fixed as can be seen from the above equation, week
Phase, output voltage high levelIt is related.In vibration processes, if can guaranteeWithConstant, then DC component is only
With the periodRelated, such vibration frequency can be determined by DC component.
The concrete form of three rank Sallen-Key low pass filter functions are as follows:
Wherein,For the cutoff frequency of single order RC filter,For the cutoff frequency of second order Sallen-Key filter,
For attenuation coefficient.Value is 0.707, to obtain maximum passband frequency response；WithValue can be vibration frequency
's, to obtain preferable filter effect.
As described above, low-pass filter can extract DC component, pass through DC componentCalculate vibration frequency
RateMethod it is as follows:
A kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on switched capacitor technique, structure are relatively simple；Use cost
It is lower；And sinusoidal vibration frequency can be directly measured without increasing additional conversion or processing unit；The sensor simultaneously
System obtains more satisfactory measurement result in wider frequency range.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the novel vibrating frequency sensor system structure diagram the present invention is based on switched capacitor technique；
Fig. 2 is switched-capacitor circuit schematic illustration of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is pulse shaper schematic illustration of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is principle of lowpass filter schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is experimental provision structural schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The experimental provision of the specific embodiment is as shown in Figure 5, comprising: digital oscilloscope, function signal generator, signal
Conditioning circuit, power amplifier, piezoelectric energy collector, shake table, driving power etc..
Vibration frequency range is 200Hz to 500Hz in the specific embodiment, according to frequency minima, cutoff frequency
WithPreferred value be 10Hz.
The piezoelectric energy collector is fixed on a vibration table by clamp.
The signal conditioning circuit includes switched-capacitor circuit, pulse shaper and low-pass filter.
The function signal generator is for generating sinusoidal signal, wherein being input to signal condition as switching pulse all the way
Circuit, in addition a-road-through overpower amplifier acts on shake table, and stable sinusoidal vibration is provided for piezoelectric energy collector.
The digital oscilloscope is used to measure and show the output voltage of signal conditioning circuit, in view of vibration frequencyWith output voltageProportional relationship, so vibration frequency can be directly obtained according to output voltage.
Specific embodiment is as follows:
The sinusoidal signal that function signal generator generates standard acts on shake table after power amplifier amplifies；Shake table meeting
Carry out the sinusoidal vibration of rule；The piezoelectric energy collector being fixed on shake table is influenced by sinusoidal vibration, is imitated based on piezoelectricity
It answers, the bilevel piezoelectric material of piezoelectric cantilever generates stretching or compressive deformation because of vibration, forms sinusoid output current.This
Output electric current pass through switched-capacitor circuit first, when electric current is changed by zero point or symbol, switched-capacitor circuit it is defeated
Voltage can change out, to realize the tracking to vibration frequency.The output voltage of switched-capacitor circuit through pulse shaper and
Low-pass filter carries out pulsewidth and fixes and be filtered, obtains the DC component for being able to reflect vibration frequency size, and in number
It is shown on oscillograph.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on switched capacitor technique, it is characterised in that: include: that piezoelectric energy is adopted
Storage and signal conditioning circuit.
2. a kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on switched capacitor technique, feature exist according to claim 1
In: the signal conditioning circuit is made of switched-capacitor circuit, pulse shaper and low-pass filter, for handling piezoelectric energy
The sine output voltage of collector, and export a voltage signal relevant to vibration frequency size.
3. a kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on switched capacitor technique, feature exist according to claim 2
In: the switched-capacitor circuit, by switchingIt is formed with full bridge rectifier；Switched-capacitor circuit is mainly used for follow current
Zero point, turnover voltage polarity, to realize the tracking of vibration frequency.
4. a kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on switched capacitor technique, feature exist according to claim 3
In: the switchIt is in parallel with piezoelectric energy collector, for driving full bridge rectifier, switchBy fixed duty cycle
Pulse control.
5. a kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on switched capacitor technique, feature exist according to claim 2
In: the pulse shaper is connected with switched-capacitor circuit, specifically includes thatDifferential circuit, voltage comparator, monostable
Trigger, three are sequentially connected, and the output voltage of switched-capacitor circuit can be converted to the rectangle of pulsewidth and high level fixation
Pulse.
6. a kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on switched capacitor technique, feature exist according to claim 5
In: it is describedDifferential circuit is by switched-capacitor circuit output voltage signalIt is converted to periodical sharp pulse signal, micro-
In parallel circuit the specific value of capacitor and resistance by vibration frequency andTime constantIt determines,Time constantAnd vibration
PeriodFollowing relationship should be met:；The voltage comparator, withDifferential circuit is connected, by comparing sharp pulseAnd DC reference voltage, can be by sharp pulseConvert squaring, the pulsewidth of the rectangular pulse is with vibration
Frequency changes, in order to obtain preferable conversion effect, DC reference voltageIt should be less than 50mV.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710360165.3A CN108955865A (en) | 2017-05-20 | 2017-05-20 | A kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on switched capacitor technique |
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| CN201710360165.3A CN108955865A (en) | 2017-05-20 | 2017-05-20 | A kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on switched capacitor technique |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110274679A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-24 | 中交一公局桥隧工程有限公司 | A kind of vibration prior-warning device |
| CN114079480A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-22 | 天津大学 | Single-pole double-throw switch with low insertion loss and high linearity |
| CN115864829A (en) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-03-28 | 长安大学 | Capacitive array type energy collecting system and collecting method |
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| CN1558190A (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2004-12-29 | 湖南科技大学 | Digital vibration and impact sensor |
| CN204330124U (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-05-13 | 歌尔声学股份有限公司 | Vibration detection device |
| CN108955863A (en) * | 2017-05-20 | 2018-12-07 | 天津大学（青岛）海洋工程研究院有限公司 | A kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on voltage multiplier |
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2017
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1558190A (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2004-12-29 | 湖南科技大学 | Digital vibration and impact sensor |
| CN204330124U (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-05-13 | 歌尔声学股份有限公司 | Vibration detection device |
| CN108955863A (en) * | 2017-05-20 | 2018-12-07 | 天津大学（青岛）海洋工程研究院有限公司 | A kind of novel vibrating frequency sensor system based on voltage multiplier |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110274679A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-24 | 中交一公局桥隧工程有限公司 | A kind of vibration prior-warning device |
| CN110274679B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2024-05-28 | 中交一公局桥隧工程有限公司 | Vibration early warning device |
| CN114079480A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-22 | 天津大学 | Single-pole double-throw switch with low insertion loss and high linearity |
| CN115864829A (en) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-03-28 | 长安大学 | Capacitive array type energy collecting system and collecting method |
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