CN108950581A - Stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method - Google Patents
Stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108950581A CN108950581A CN201810780460.9A CN201810780460A CN108950581A CN 108950581 A CN108950581 A CN 108950581A CN 201810780460 A CN201810780460 A CN 201810780460A CN 108950581 A CN108950581 A CN 108950581A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/36—Regeneration of waste pickling liquors
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Abstract
A kind of stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method comprising the steps of: oxidant is added in stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid to adjust the oxidation-reduction potential of spent acid system, wherein the stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid contains nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid；Then gained mixed liquor is reacted under heating, pressurized conditions；The slurry formed after reaction is separated by solid-liquid separation, regenerated acid solution is obtained.The present invention removes the metal ion in spent acid by pyrohydrolysis, and the acid solution regenerated directly returns to stainless steel washing procedure, and metal precipitates are nontoxic steady oxide, realize zero-emission cleaning treatment technique.
Description
Technical field
Reutilization technology field is cleaned the present invention relates to industrial waste acid more particularly to a kind of stainless steel mixing pickling is useless
Acid regeneration method.
Background technique
A large amount of inorganic acid elution is needed to be surface-treated during rolled stainless steel, to be cleaned, is smooth
Stainless steel surface.To enhance pickling effect, stainless steel surface acid cleaning process generally all includes that " nitric acid+hydrofluoric acid " mixes pickling
Process.Part iron and oligo-element in stainless steel such as nickel, chromium, manganese are also partly dissolved into pickling solution in acid cleaning process.
When accumulation of metals reaches a certain concentration, pickling solution will lose washing effect, generate a large amount of washing spent acid.In spent acid
Containing a large amount of iron, mainly exist in the form of Fe (III) and Fe (II), it is different according to the type of stainless steel, also often contain in spent acid
There are the microelements such as Ni, Cr, Mn.
Currently, pickling solution generallys use the method processing of neutralization precipitation, generates a large amount of toxic waste residues and endanger environment.With
The requirement of environmental protection improves, and the discharge for neutralizing waste water and waste residue is increasingly difficult, and develops other recycling and dispose spent acid
Method.For example, the method that some enterprises introduce external Ruthner spray roasting recovery acid and metal, spent acid is by pre- dense
After contracting, the hydrolyzable metal in waste liquid, the HNO of the HF and 60%-70% of this method recyclable 97% are made by high-temperature roasting3.But
This process requirement predrying dehydration, high-temperature roasting, the processes such as acid recovery, nox adsorption and catalyzed conversion in gas phase,
Technical controlling difficulty is big, energy consumption is high, and be easy to cause atmosphere pollution.
For another example, a certain range of industrial applications have also been obtained using the free acid in resin adsorption method waste acid recovery, benefit
With the free acid and metal nitrate and Fluoride Separation in resins selective absorption waste liquid, the trip greater than 94% can be recycled
From HNO3And the Free HF greater than 70%, the removal rate of metal ion can reach 70% or more, restored acid can recycle again
It utilizes.But the metal salt solution after the technique recovery acid still needs to neutralisation treatment, still generates toxic waste residue, still has after neutralization big
Discharging of waste liquid is measured, in addition restored acid concentration is low, can just recycle after need to adding concentrated acid.
For another example, HNO volatile in displacement mixing spent acid is depressurized at 50~70 DEG C using the sulfuric acid of hardly possible volatilization3With
HF, HNO after absorption3Reach 90% or more with the rate of recovery of HF, H in solution2SO4It is recycled using resin adsorption method, the rate of recovery reaches
80% or more.Remaining waste acid liquor is handled using the method for fractional precipitation, precipitates to obtain not in pH3.0 with milk of lime first
In calcium sulfate containing heavy metal and slag, it can be used as building materials utilization, then precipitated in waste liquid completely using sodium carbonate and vulcanized sodium
Heavy metal ion, sediment can make be used as Resource Access metal, neutralize discharged wastewater met the national standard.This method can recycle
The HNO of most of high value3And HF, the available secondary use of metal reduce the discharge of toxic solid waste.But it should
Method generates a large amount of waste residue, and secondary use is difficult, and since method includes multistep washing process, waste liquid yield is big, and technique is multiple
It is miscellaneous, it is at high cost.
For another example, also it can contain HF, NO by what is obtained to decompositionx、HNO3Flue gas through peracid absorb, scrubbing tower washing, NOx
Oxidation conversion, condensed absorbent and catalytic denitration, make HNO3The rate of recovery is increased to 75% or more, NO in exhaust gas dischargexIt is reduced to
50mg/m3.Although alleviating the pollution of exhaust gas the method increase the efficiency of existing spray roasting, there is no solve energy
The defects of consumption is high, acid yield is low, complex process.
In addition, also washing spent acid using electrolysis method, film osmosis processing stainless steel, can recycle in scrub raffinate
Acid and metal, and method is simple, process is short, but the device is complicated for method, and technology controlling and process is difficult, and acid is unable to regeneration, does not have
Solve the problems, such as waste residue and discharging of waste liquid.
In conclusion there are still can generate a large amount of waste residues, give up in the processing of existing stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid
The problems such as liquid, process flow is complicated, higher cost.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, passing through the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method
Hydrolysis Reactions of Metal-ions, realizes the regeneration cycle of nitration mixture, to solve at least one of above-mentioned the technical issues of referring to.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method, comprising the following steps:
(1) oxidant is added in stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid to adjust the oxidation-reduction potential of spent acid system, wherein
The stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid contains nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid；
(2) mixed liquor obtained by step (1) is reacted under heating, pressurized conditions；
(3) slurry formed after step (2) reaction is separated by solid-liquid separation, obtains regenerated acid solution.
Wherein, the stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid can also mix a small amount of with nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid for main acid constituents
Other acid, such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and/or hydrochloric acid.
Wherein, in the stainless steel mixed acid free acid total concentration, 0.5~5 mol/L is calculated as with H+ concentration, is mixed
The total concentration of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or hydrochloric acid is 0~0.5mol/L.
It wherein, include also metal ion in the stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid, the metal ion is based on iron ion
Want ingredient.
Wherein, the metal ion also includes at least one of nickel ion, manganese ion and chromium ion, wherein metal from
Sub- total concentration is 15~100g/L, and the total concentration of nickel ion, manganese ion and chromium ion is 0~50g/L.
Wherein, the oxidant that step (1) is added is selected from potassium permanganate, hypochlorous acid, perchloric acid or hydrogen peroxide.
Wherein, be added after oxidant the oxidation-reduction potential in the stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid is adjusted 500~
1300mV。
Wherein, further include the steps that crystal seed, the institute of addition are added in the mixed liquor obtained by step (1) before step (2)
Stating crystal seed is preferably alpha-ferric oxide, and by mass, additional amount is 0.1~2% of iron-content in the spent acid.
Wherein, reaction temperature is 180~250 DEG C in step (2), and reaction pressure is 1.0~4.0MPa, reaction time 1
~for 24 hours.
Wherein, regenerated acid solution will be obtained in step (4) for stainless steel mixing pickling.
Based on the above-mentioned technical proposal, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) metal ion in stainless steel mixing pickle liquor is removed by pyrohydrolysis, the acid in waste liquid is regenerated
Stainless steel washing procedure is directly returned to, metal precipitates are nontoxic steady oxide, can be used as raw material and are subject to benefit
With to realize zero-emission cleaning treatment technique.
(2) process equipment is simple simultaneously, and easy to implement, processing cost is low, and the recycling of acid and metal reduces original
The consumption of material increases the added value for the treatment of process.
(3) retain certain Fe ion concentration (10~20 g/L) in starting pickling solution in stainless steel washing process to be conducive to
Enhance washing effect, method of the invention can adjust the heavy of metal ion by control oxidation-reduction potential, temperature, pressure
Shallow lake rate makes the concentration of metal ion in the acid solution after regenerating realize controllable adjustment, thus reach higher washing effect, because
The method controllability is strong.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, to this
Invention is described in further detail.
The present invention keeps the Hydrolysis Reactions of Metal-ions in spent acid raw stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid using the method for pyrohydrolysis
Then hydrate makes the transition under high temperature and pressure and generates the metal oxide of indissoluble.Work as metal ion, especially iron ion with
In the presence of lower valency, oxidant is added, the oxidation-reduction potentials controlled in solution are greater than 500mV, and lower valency Fe is converted into height
Valence state Fe.Wherein main chemical reaction is as shown in formula (1) and (2).
M++NO3-+F-+H2O→M(OH)n+HNO3+HF； (1)
M(OH)n→M2On； (2)
Precipitation by metallic ion is removed by filtration, while nitrate anion and hydrofluoric acid root and hydrolysis generation in conjunction with salt
Hydrogen ion forms acid, and the acid in waste liquid is regenerated.Not only metal exists method of the invention with steady oxide formation, nothing
Poison is harmless, can be used as the raw material of steel-making, and acid obtains recycling utilization.Equipment required for method is simple, it is easy to implement,
Eliminate the exhaust emission of waste residue and waste water.
Specifically, the present invention provides a kind of stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method comprising the steps of:
(1) oxidant is added in stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid to adjust the oxidation-reduction potential of spent acid system；
(2) mixed liquor obtained by step (1) is reacted under heating, pressurized conditions；
(3) slurry formed to step (2) reaction is separated by solid-liquid separation, and obtains regenerated acid solution.
Both mainly contain nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid in the spent acid that wherein, stainless steel mixing pickling generates, but be not limited to, according to
Washing process is different, and mixing can also be containing a certain amount of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid etc. in spent acid, and free acid is total dense in spent acid
Degree is (with H+Densimeter) it is 0.5~5mol/L, wherein the total concentration of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid is 0~0.5mol/L.
Wherein, metal ion in spent acid, metal ion are mainly iron ion, can also contain the metals such as nickel, manganese, chromium
Ion, metal ion total concentration are 15~100g/L, and wherein the total concentration of the trace metal ions such as nickel, manganese and chromium is 0~50g/
L。
Wherein, when the metal ion in spent acid is in lower valency, oxidant can be added to adjust oxidation-reduction potential,
Preferably potassium permanganate, hypochlorous acid, perchloric acid or hydrogen peroxide, make oxidation reduction potential control in spent acid 500~
1300mV。
Wherein, further include the steps that crystal seed, the crystalline substance of addition are added in the mixed liquor obtained by step (1) before step (2)
Kind is preferably α-Fe2O3, the quality of addition is 0.1~2% of iron-content in spent acid.
Wherein, reaction temperature is 180~250 DEG C；Reaction pressure is 1.0~4.0MPa；The time range of heat preservation be 1~
For 24 hours, preferably 8~12h.Metal ion is hydrolyzed and then generates metal oxide deposits under the foregoing conditions.
Wherein, the slurry of formation is separated by solid-liquid separation after Hydrolysis Reactions of Metal-ions, the acid solution after separation returns to stainless steel
Washing section recycles.
Specific embodiment is exemplified below to be further explained explanation to technical solution of the present invention:
Embodiment 1
The ingredient of 500mL stainless steel washing mixing spent acid are as follows: Fe (III), 36g/L；Fe (II), 12g/L；HNO3,
0.6mol/L；HF, 0.5mol/L.Spent acid is placed in high temperature, 15mL, 30%H is added in autoclave2O2, control solution
Oxidation-reduction potential is 500mV.Constant temperature for 24 hours, obtains slurry under 180 DEG C, 1.0MPa pressure, and vacuum filtration, sediment exists
Dry 12h obtains solid 21.5g, total rate of deposition 62.9% of iron at 100 DEG C.Treated acid solution composition are as follows: Fe ,]
7.8g/L；HNO3, 0.5mol/L；HF, 0.4mol/L.Acid solution after separation of solid and liquid can be recycled for stainless steel mixed acid
It washes.
Embodiment 2
The ingredient of 500mL stainless steel washing mixing spent acid are as follows: Fe (III), 36g/L；Fe (II), 12g/L；HNO3,
0.6mol/L；HF, 0.5mol/L.Spent acid is placed in high temperature, 20mL 30%H is added in autoclave2O2, control solution
Oxidation-reduction potential is 550mV, adds 0.05 g α-Fe2O3.The constant temperature 12h under 180 DEG C, 1.0MPa pressure, obtains slurry,
Vacuum filtration, sediment dry 12h at 100 DEG C obtain solid 23.0g, total rate of deposition 66.4% of iron.It is sour that treated
Solution composition are as follows: Fe, 16.1g/L；HNO3, 0.5mol/L；HF, 0.4mol/L.Acid solution after separation of solid and liquid can recycle use
In stainless steel mixing pickling.
Embodiment 3
The ingredient of 500mL stainless steel washing mixing spent acid are as follows: Fe (III), 36g/L；Fe (II), 12g/L；HNO3,
0.6mol/L；HF, 0.5mol/L.Spent acid is placed in high temperature, 20mL 30%H is added in autoclave2O2, control solution
Oxidation-reduction potential is 550mV, adds 0.48 g α-Fe2O3.The constant temperature 12h under 180 DEG C, 1.0MPa pressure, obtains slurry,
Vacuum filtration, sediment dry 12h at 100 DEG C obtain solid 27.0g, total rate of deposition 76.2% of iron.It is sour that treated
Solution composition are as follows: Fe, 11.4g/L；HNO3, 0.5mol/L；HF, 0.4mol/L.Acid solution after separation of solid and liquid can recycle use
In stainless steel mixing pickling.
Embodiment 4
The ingredient of 500mL stainless steel washing mixing spent acid are as follows: Fe (III), 75g/L；HNO3, 1.5 mol/L；HF,
1.0mol/L.Spent acid is placed in high temperature, 25mL 30%H is added in autoclave2O2, control the oxidation-reduction potential of solution
For 800mV, 0.7g α-Fe is added2O3.The constant temperature 12h under 220 DEG C, 2.3MPa pressure, obtains slurry, is filtered by vacuum, precipitating
Object dry 12h at 100 DEG C obtains solid 51g, total rate of deposition 95.2% of iron.Treated acid solution composition are as follows: Fe, 3.5
g/L；HNO3, 1.4mol/L；HF, 0.9mol/L.Acid solution after separation of solid and liquid can be used for stainless steel mixing pickling.
Embodiment 5
The ingredient of 500mL stainless steel washing mixing spent acid are as follows: Fe (III), 50g/L；HNO3, 2.5 mol/L；HF,
0.7mol/L.Spent acid is placed in high temperature, 25mL hypochlorous acid is added in autoclave, the oxidation-reduction potential for controlling solution is
750mV adds 0.5g α-Fe2O3.Constant temperature 12h under 2.3MPa pressure, obtains slurry at 220 DEG C, vacuum filtration, sediment
Solid 27g, total rate of deposition 80.3% of iron are obtained in 100 DEG C of dry 12h.Acid solution composition after hydrolysis are as follows: Fe, 9.5 g/
L；HNO3, 2.1mol/L；HF, 0.6mol/L.Acid solution after separation of solid and liquid can be used for stainless steel mixing pickling.
Embodiment 6
The ingredient of 500mL stainless steel washing mixing spent acid are as follows: Fe (III), 34g/L；HNO3, 3mol/L；HF, 1.3mol/
L；H2SO4, 0.2mol/L.Spent acid is placed in high temperature, 25mL perchloric acid is added in autoclave, controls the redox of solution
Current potential is 700mV, adds 0.5g α-Fe2O3.At 240 DEG C, constant temperature 21h under 3.4MPa pressure, slurry is obtained, vacuum is taken out
Filter, sediment obtain solid 19.6g, total rate of deposition 79.6% of iron in 100 DEG C of dry 12h.Acid solution composition after hydrolysis
Are as follows: Fe, 6.9g/L；HNO3, 2.4mol/L；HF, 0.8mol/L；H2SO4, 0.16mol/L.Acid solution after separation of solid and liquid can be with
For stainless steel mixing pickling.
Embodiment 7
The ingredient of 500mL stainless steel washing mixing spent acid are as follows: Fe (III), 34g/L；Ni (II), 1.0g/L；Mn(II)
1.2g/L；HNO3, 3mol/L；HF, 1.3mol/L；H2SO4, 0.2mol/L.Spent acid is placed in high temperature, is added in autoclave
25mL perchloric acid, the oxidation-reduction potential for controlling solution is 700mV, adds 0.5g α-Fe2O3.At 240 DEG C, 3.4MPa pressure
Constant temperature 21h under power obtains slurry, and vacuum filtration, sediment obtains solid 19.8g, total precipitating of iron in 100 DEG C of dry 12h
Rate 79.6%, nickel rate of deposition 80.1%, manganese rate of deposition 48.2%.Acid solution composition after hydrolysis are as follows: Fe, 6.9g/L；Ni,
0.2g/L；Mn, 0.62g/L；HNO3, 2.4mol/L；HF, 0.8mol/L；H2SO4, 0.16mol/L.Acid after separation of solid and liquid is molten
Liquid can be used for stainless steel mixing pickling.
In conclusion the present invention by stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid carry out oxidation reduction potential control, then in height
Make Hydrolysis Reactions of Metal-ions under warm condition of high voltage and be converted into steady oxide precipitating, obtains recyclable acid solution, eliminate
The exhaust emission of waste residue and waste water, and method is simple, easy to implement.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
Describe in detail bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in protection of the invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method comprising the steps of:
(1) oxidant is added in stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid to adjust the oxidation-reduction potential of spent acid system, wherein described
Stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid contains nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid；
(2) mixed liquor obtained by step (1) is reacted under heating, pressurized conditions；
(3) slurry formed after step (2) reaction is separated by solid-liquid separation, obtains regenerated acid solution.
2. stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the stainless steel mixing
Acid-washing waste acid, for main acid constituents, is also contaminated with other acid, other described acid include sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and salt with nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid
At least one of acid.
3. stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the stainless steel mixing
The total concentration of free acid in acid, with H+Concentration is calculated as 0.5~5mol/L, and the total concentration of the sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or the hydrochloric acid that mix is 0~
0.5mol/L。
4. stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the stainless steel mixing
It include also metal ion in acid-washing waste acid, the metal ion is using iron ion as main component.
5. stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the metal ion is also
Include at least one of nickel ion, manganese ion and chromium ion, wherein metal ion total concentration be 15~100g/L, nickel ion,
The total concentration of manganese ion and chromium ion is 0~50g/L.
6. stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) was added
The oxidant is selected from potassium permanganate, hypochlorous acid, perchloric acid or hydrogen peroxide.
7. stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that will after addition oxidant
Oxidation-reduction potential in the stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid is adjusted in 500~1300mV.
8. stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that before step (2)
Further include the steps that crystal seed is added in the mixed liquor obtained by step (1), the crystal seed of addition is preferably alpha-ferric oxide, by quality
Meter, additional amount are 0.1~2% of iron-content in the spent acid.
9. stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that reaction in step (2)
Temperature be 180~250 DEG C, reaction pressure be 1.0~4.0MPa, the reaction time be 1~for 24 hours.
10. stainless steel mixing acid-washing waste acid reproduction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that will be obtained in step (3)
Stainless steel mixing pickling is used for regenerated acid solution.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109554718A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-02 | 鲍君杰 | Treatment method of stainless steel pickling waste liquid |
| CN114105105A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-01 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Chromium-containing waste acid cleaning and regenerating method |
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| CN105366732A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-02 | 天津大学 | Method for controlling iron proportion in process of making iron from steel pickling waste liquid by redox potential |
| CN105800838A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-07-27 | 张石海 | Method for treating stainless steel pickling waste liquid |
| CN107747101A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-03-02 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A kind of processing method of stainless steel washing spent acid |
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| JPS56100105A (en) * | 1980-01-16 | 1981-08-11 | Daido Kagaku Sochi Kk | Recovering and treating method for waste hydrochloric acid |
| EP0507006A1 (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1992-10-07 | Unitika Ltd. | Method of treating salt bath liquid |
| CN102066262A (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2011-05-18 | Sms西马格股份公司 | Processing method for recovering iron oxide and hydrochloric acid |
| CN105366732A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-02 | 天津大学 | Method for controlling iron proportion in process of making iron from steel pickling waste liquid by redox potential |
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| CN114105105A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-01 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Chromium-containing waste acid cleaning and regenerating method |
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| CN108950581B (en) | 2021-01-01 |
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