CN108948476B - Halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN108948476B
CN108948476B CN201710367039.0A CN201710367039A CN108948476B CN 108948476 B CN108948476 B CN 108948476B CN 201710367039 A CN201710367039 A CN 201710367039A CN 108948476 B CN108948476 B CN 108948476B
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汪和青
郭雪晴
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Ningbo Pasika New Material Co ltd
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/06Polyethene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/02Flame or fire retardant/resistant
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/22Halogen free composition
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/08Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing additives to improve the compatibility between two polymers
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2207/00Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
    • C08L2207/06Properties of polyethylene
    • C08L2207/062HDPE

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and relates to a halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene composite material which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of polyethylene resin, 10-20 parts of polypropylene resin, 35-40 parts of halogen-free flame retardant, 0.4-0.6 part of antioxidant, 0.5-1.0 part of lubricant, 2-5 parts of compatilizer and 3-5 parts of toughening agent. The invention also relates to a preparation method of the halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene composite material. The preparation process is simple, and the obtained composite material has good flame retardance and mechanical property.

Description

Halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and relates to a halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Polyethylene (PE) has excellent electrical insulation, chemical corrosion resistance and cold resistance, is nontoxic, light and low in price, is widely applied to industries such as daily packaging, construction, transportation, wires and cables, and is widely applied to the cable electrical industry which has high flame retardant requirement, but the PE has an oxygen index of 17.5 and belongs to flammable high polymer materials, so that the polyethylene materials applied to the electrical industry need to be subjected to flame retardant modification.
The early stage of PE flame retardance is a method of adding halogen series substances and antimony trioxide in a compounding manner, the method is high in flame retardance efficiency, but a large amount of smoke and toxic and corrosive gas can be released when the halogen series substance flame-retardant PE material is combusted, so that the environment is polluted, and the human body is injured. At present, the halogen-free flame retardant technology is greatly developed at home and abroad, namely, inorganic hydroxide is added, the flame retardant decomposes and absorbs heat and water generated by decomposition dilutes combustible substances to achieve the purpose of flame retardance, and the defect is that the addition amount is large and is generally more than 50 percent, so that the mechanical property and the processing property of the material are obviously reduced; or an intumescent flame retardant is added, the flame retardant is heated and decomposed to form a uniform intumescent carbon layer on the surface of the material, the flame retardant effect is achieved through heat insulation, oxygen isolation and other modes, the flame retardant efficiency is higher than that of hydroxide, and the flame retardant is widely applied at present.
The intumescent flame retardant is generally obtained by mixing an acid source (ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate), a gas source (melamine) and a carbon source (pentaerythritol) in proportion, has high flame retardant efficiency, but has poor compatibility with PE, is easy to separate out, and has a white surface when being made into a colored product, thereby seriously affecting the application range of the flame retardant PE material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene material, which has good flame retardance and avoids the condition that the surface is easily whitened when a color product is prepared due to poor compatibility of a flame retardant and PE.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0001301845720000011
Figure BDA0001301845720000021
the polyethylene resin is High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) with a melt index of 0.5-5g/10min (the test condition of the melt index is 190 ℃ and 2.16 Kg).
The polypropylene resin is copolymerized polypropylene.
The halogen-free flame retardant is a nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant; preferably, the halogen-free flame retardant is a mixture of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and pentaerythritol in a weight ratio of 3-5:1-5: 1-3.
The antioxidant consists of tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester (antioxidant 1010) and tris [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite (antioxidant 168); preferably, the composition ratio of the tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester (antioxidant 1010) to the tri [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite (antioxidant 168) is 1:1-1: 2.
The lubricant is one or more of calcium stearate, polyethylene wax, Ethylene Bis Stearamide (EBS) and silicone.
The compatilizer is more than one of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-G) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA); preferably, the EVA has a vinyl acetate content of 15-25%.
The toughening agent is polyolefin elastomer (POE).
The raw materials for producing the polyethylene composite material also comprise toner; preferably, the toner is numbered as pigment red 226.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 35-45 parts by weight of polyethylene resin, 10-20 parts by weight of polypropylene resin, 35-40 parts by weight of halogen-free flame retardant, 0.4-0.6 part by weight of antioxidant, 0.5-1.0 part by weight of lubricant, 2-5 parts by weight of compatilizer, 3-5 parts by weight of toughening agent and 0-4 parts by weight of toner in a high-speed mixer to obtain a mixture;
(2) and (2) putting the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a double-screw extruder for melting and mixing, extruding, cooling, granulating and drying to obtain the halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene composite material.
The rotating speed of the high mixing machine in the step (1) is 500-800rpm, and the mixing time is 3-10 min.
The temperature of each area of the double-screw extruder in the step (2) is 180-220 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the polypropylene, the flame retardant and the lubricant silicone are added to the product, so that various functions of the product are supplemented and cooperated with each other, the condition that the surface is easily whitened when the product is prepared into a colored product due to poor compatibility of the flame retardant and the PE is avoided, the product has good surface performance and excellent toughness, and the application range of the product is widened.
(2) The product obtained by the invention achieves the same combustion grade by adding polypropylene under the condition of reducing the content of the flame retardant, and avoids the reduction of the mechanical property and the processability of the product caused by the increase of the addition amount of the flame retardant.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples,
the method for testing the performances of the following comparative examples and examples comprises the following steps:
tensile strength test method: ASTM D638-039;
the notch impact strength test method comprises the following steps: ASTM D256;
the flame retardant performance standard adopts: UL-94.
Example 1
(1) Uniformly mixing 35 parts by weight of high-density polyethylene resin, 20 parts by weight of copolymerized polypropylene resin, 35 parts by weight of halogen-free flame retardant (ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and pentaerythritol in a weight ratio of 4:2:2), 0.4 part by weight of antioxidant (tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester and tris [ 2.4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite in a weight ratio of 1:1), 0.2 part by weight of polyethylene wax, 0.3 part by weight of silicone, 5 parts by weight of PP-G and 5 parts by weight of POE in a high-speed mixer to obtain a mixture, wherein the rotating speed of the high-speed mixer is 500rpm, and the mixing time is 10 min;
(2) and (2) putting the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a double-screw extruder for melting and mixing, extruding, cooling, granulating and drying, wherein the temperature of each area of the double-screw extruder is 180-220 ℃, and then the halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene composite material can be obtained. The resulting composite was tested and the properties are shown in Table 2.
Example 2
(1) Uniformly mixing 40 parts by weight of high-density polyethylene resin, 15 parts by weight of co-polypropylene resin, 37 parts by weight of halogen-free flame retardant (ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and pentaerythritol in a weight ratio of 5:3:2), 0.5 part by weight of antioxidant (tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester and tris [ 2.4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite in a weight ratio of 1:1), 0.3 part by weight of calcium stearate, 0.5 part by weight of silicone, 5 parts by weight of EVA (the content of vinyl acetate is 20%), 3 parts by weight of POE and 4 parts by weight of pigment red 226 in a high-speed mixer to obtain a mixture, wherein the rotation speed of the high-speed mixer is 500rpm, and the mixing time is 10 min;
(2) and (2) putting the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a double-screw extruder for melting and mixing, extruding, cooling, granulating and drying, wherein the temperature of each area of the double-screw extruder is 180-220 ℃, and then the halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene composite material can be obtained. The resulting composite was tested and the properties are shown in Table 2.
Example 3
(1) Uniformly mixing 42 parts by weight of high-density polyethylene resin, 10 parts by weight of co-polypropylene resin, 38 parts by weight of halogen-free flame retardant (ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and pentaerythritol in a weight ratio of 3:1:3), 0.5 part by weight of antioxidant (tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester and tris [ 2.4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite in a weight ratio of 1:1), 0.5 part by weight of polyethylene wax, 0.5 part by weight of silicone, 5 parts by weight of PP-G, 5 parts by weight of POE and 1 part by weight of pigment red 226 in a high-speed mixer to obtain a mixture, wherein the rotating speed of the high-speed mixer is 700rpm, and the mixing time is 5 min;
(2) and (2) putting the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a double-screw extruder for melting and mixing, extruding, cooling, granulating and drying, wherein the temperature of each area of the double-screw extruder is 180-220 ℃, and then the halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene composite material can be obtained. The resulting composite was tested and the properties are shown in Table 2.
Example 4
(1) Uniformly mixing 45 parts by weight of high-density polyethylene resin, 10 parts by weight of copolymerized polypropylene resin, 40 parts by weight of halogen-free flame retardant (ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and pentaerythritol in a weight ratio of 4:2:2), 0.6 part by weight of antioxidant (tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester and tris [ 2.4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite in a weight ratio of 1:2), 0.5 part by weight of polyethylene wax, 0.5 part by weight of silicone, 2 parts by weight of PP-G and 3 parts by weight of POE in a high-speed mixer to obtain a mixture, wherein the rotating speed of the high-speed mixer is 800rpm, and the mixing time is 3 min;
(2) and (2) putting the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a double-screw extruder for melting and mixing, extruding, cooling, granulating and drying, wherein the temperature of each area of the double-screw extruder is 180-220 ℃, and then the halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene composite material can be obtained. The resulting composite was tested and the properties are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 1
(1) Uniformly mixing 55 parts by weight of polyethylene resin, 40 parts by weight of halogen-free flame retardant (ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and pentaerythritol in a weight ratio of 4:2:2), 0.6 part by weight of antioxidant (tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester and tris [ 2.4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite in a weight ratio of 1:2), 0.5 part by weight of polyethylene wax, 0.5 part by weight of silicone and 5 parts by weight of POE in a high-speed mixer to obtain a mixture, wherein the rotating speed of the high-speed mixer is 800rpm, and the mixing time is 3 min;
(2) and (2) putting the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a double-screw extruder for melting and mixing, extruding, cooling, granulating and drying, wherein the temperature of each area of the double-screw extruder is 180-220 ℃, and then the halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene composite material can be obtained. The resulting composite was tested and the properties are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 2
1) Uniformly mixing 40 parts by weight of polyethylene resin, 15 parts by weight of polypropylene resin, 37 parts by weight of halogen-free flame retardant (ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and pentaerythritol in a weight ratio of 5:3:2), 0.5 part by weight of antioxidant (pentaerythritol tetrakis [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate ] and tris [ 2.4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite in a weight ratio of 1:1), 0.3 part by weight of calcium stearate, 5 parts by weight of EVA (the content of vinyl acetate is 20%), and 3 parts by weight of POE (polyolefin elastomer) in a high-speed mixer to obtain a mixture, wherein the rotating speed of the high-speed mixer is 500rpm, and the mixing time is 10 min;
(2) and (2) putting the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a double-screw extruder for melting and mixing, extruding, cooling, granulating and drying, wherein the temperature of each area of the double-screw extruder is 180-220 ℃, and then the halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene composite material can be obtained. The resulting composite was tested and the properties are shown in Table 2.
The parts by weight of each component of the above examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Raw material Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2
HDPE 35 40 42 45 55 40
Polypropylene copolymer 20 15 10 10 / 15
Flame retardant 35 37 38 40 40 37
Antioxidant agent 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5
Polyethylene wax 0.2 / 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Calcium stearate / 0.3 / / / 0.3
Silicone 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 /
PP-G 5 / 5 2 / /
EVA / 5 / / / 5
POE 5 3 5 3 5 3
Pigment Red 226 / 4 1 / / /
The results of mechanical property tests of the composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Performance of Unit of Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2
Tensile strength MPa 16.6 16.1 15.4 15.2 17.0 15.8
Impact of notch KJ/m2 13 12 15 12 10 12
Flame retardant properties / V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0
Surface Properties / Superior food Good wine Good wine Good wine Severe white hair Good wine
From the test results of table 2, it can be derived: 1) the polypropylene is added, so that the surface performance of the material is improved, and the compatibility of the polypropylene and the intumescent flame retardant is better; 2) the addition of polypropylene can also achieve the same combustion grade under the condition of reducing the content of the flame retardant; 3) the addition of the polypropylene has little influence on the toughness of the material; 4) comparative example 2 differs from example 2 in that the lubricant used was polyethylene wax and silicone, respectively, and the two samples were heated in an oven at 100 ℃, and after a period of time, the surface of the sample without silicone appeared white sticky matter, and the surface of the silicone-coated article was still smooth, indicating that the lubricant silicone had a positive effect on preventing the precipitation of the flame retardant. The material can be used for products with high requirements on surfaces, and the application range of the expansion type flame-retardant PE is expanded.
The embodiments described above are presented to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene composite material is characterized in that: the production raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight:
35-45 parts of polyethylene resin,
10-20 parts of polypropylene resin,
35-40 parts of halogen-free flame retardant,
0.4 to 0.6 portion of antioxidant,
0.5 to 1.0 portion of lubricant,
2-5 parts of a compatilizer,
3-5 parts of a toughening agent;
the halogen-free flame retardant is a nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant; the nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant is a mixture of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and pentaerythritol, and the weight ratio of the mixture is 3-5:1-5: 1-3;
the lubricant is a combination of calcium stearate and silicone or a combination of polyethylene wax and silicone;
the raw materials for producing the polyethylene composite material also comprise 0-4 parts by weight of toner;
the antioxidant consists of tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester and tri [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite ester; the composition ratio of the tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester to the tri [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite is 1:1-1: 2;
the compatilizer is more than one of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer; the vinyl acetate content of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 15-25%.
2. The polyethylene composite according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polyethylene resin is high-density polyethylene.
3. The polyethylene composite according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polypropylene resin is copolymerized polypropylene.
4. The polyethylene composite according to claim 1, characterized in that: the toughening agent is a polyolefin elastomer.
5. The polyethylene composite according to claim 1, characterized in that: the toner is numbered pigment red 226.
6. The preparation method of the halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene composite material of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 35-45 parts by weight of polyethylene resin, 10-20 parts by weight of polypropylene resin, 35-40 parts by weight of halogen-free flame retardant, 0.4-0.6 part by weight of antioxidant, 0.5-1.0 part by weight of lubricant, 2-5 parts by weight of compatilizer and 3-5 parts by weight of toughening agent in a high-speed mixer to obtain a mixture;
(2) and (2) melting and mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) in a double-screw extruder, extruding, cooling, granulating and drying to obtain the halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene composite material.
7. The method for preparing a composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that: the rotating speed of the high-speed mixer in the step (1) is 500-800rpm, and the mixing time is 3-10 min.
8. The method for preparing a composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that: the temperature of each zone of the double-screw extruder in the step (2) is 180-220 ℃.
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CN110079008A (en) * 2019-01-21 2019-08-02 池州市锐强新材料有限公司 A kind of halogen-free intumescent flame-retardant special breathable membrane material and preparation method thereof
CN112300465A (en) * 2019-07-24 2021-02-02 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Polyethylene resin composition
CN112143082A (en) * 2020-10-10 2020-12-29 刘小龙 High-strength flame-retardant PE material and preparation method thereof
CN112646257A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-13 无锡鸿仪新材料科技有限公司 High-density polyethylene sheath material and preparation process thereof
CN114957826A (en) * 2021-02-26 2022-08-30 合肥杰事杰新材料股份有限公司 Extrusion-grade halogen-free flame-retardant wood-plastic composite material and preparation method and application thereof
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