CN108941588B - Preparation method of nickel-based superalloy powder for laser forming - Google Patents
Preparation method of nickel-based superalloy powder for laser forming Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/088—Fluid nozzles, e.g. angle, distance
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder for laser forming, belonging to the field of high-temperature alloy and powder metallurgy. The invention adopts vacuum induction melting and argon atomization powder making technology to prepare the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder suitable for laser forming. The nickel-based superalloy powder prepared by the method has the advantages of high yield of small-particle-size powder, high sphericity, low oxygen content, good fluidity, no hollow defect and less satellite powder, and meets the technical requirements of laser forming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder for laser forming, belonging to the field of high-temperature alloy and powder metallurgy.
Background
The nickel-based high-temperature alloy has excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, wear resistance and high strength, and is widely applied to the fields of aircraft engine turbine discs, rocket engines, aircraft aircrafts and the like. However, the nickel-based superalloy is difficult to cut and low in forming freedom, and laser forming provides a new technical approach for solving the forming and application problems of the nickel-based superalloy. Laser forming is an important Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology that begins to develop in the middle of the 90 s of the 20 th century, and includes powder bed laser forming (selective laser melting) and powder laser cladding. The laser forming can directly obtain solid parts with good metallurgical bonding and density close to 100%, can realize net forming or near net forming of materials, has good applicability to materials which are difficult to process or components with complex structures, and has wide application prospect. However, unlike the conventional powder forming process, laser forming requires not only low oxygen content, high sphericity, good flowability, no hollow defects, but also uniform particle size distribution, less satellite powder, and high apparent density of the powder. Wherein, the powder required by the laser forming in the powder bed selection area is usually fine powder with the particle size of less than 45 μm, and the powder with the particle size of 45-106 μm is mainly adopted by the laser cladding forming.
At present, the preparation methods of the high-temperature alloy powder mainly comprise a plasma rotating electrode method (PREP) and an air atomization method (AA). The powder prepared by the PREP method has better comprehensive quality and mainly comprises powder with large grain diameter. The PREP method is characterized in that the raw material is a rotary electrode bar prepared by finely processing a fully alloyed master alloy bar, and the master alloy bar serving as the electrode is required to have uniform components, low impurity content, high requirement on the quality of the raw material and complex requirement on equipment. The AA method directly atomizes the alloy melt into metal powder, the prepared powder has fine granularity, and the process cost is lower than that of the PREP method. Since laser forming requires a large amount of powder, it requires a large particle size, particularly a fine powder having a particle size of less than 50 μm. In order to improve the utilization rate of powder materials, the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder for laser forming is mainly prepared by an air atomization method at present. However, the nickel-based superalloy has complex components and high melting point, and very complex physical and chemical changes in the gas atomization process, so that the defect of powder hollowness is easily caused, and gas inclusion is caused. Meanwhile, the powder required by laser forming in the powder bed selection area has the particle size of less than 45 μm, large specific surface area, easy oxygen adsorption and increased oxygen content, which leads to the performance reduction of the formed sample. At present, satellite powder and non-metal impurities can also appear in the powder prepared by the AA method, the yield of fine powder (the particle size is less than 50 mu m) is lower and generally does not exceed 40 percent, and the production cost of laser forming in a powder bed selection area is increased; the powder with the grain diameter of 45-106 mu m required by laser cladding forming often has more hollow defects, and the defects are easy to become crack sources in the laser forming process, so that the quality and the performance of a formed sample are reduced.
The invention provides a preparation method of nickel-based superalloy powder for laser forming, which is used for preparing the nickel-based superalloy powder meeting the technical requirements of laser forming, effectively improving the yield of fine powder (the particle size is less than 50 mu m), and solving the problems of powder hollow defect, satellite powder and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs a preparation method of nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder for laser forming, the prepared powder has low oxygen content, low impurity content, high sphericity, less satellite powder, high yield of small-particle-size powder, uniform distribution, good fluidity, excellent powder feeding condition in the laser forming process and stable forming performance.
The invention relates to a preparation method of nickel-based superalloy powder for laser forming, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: under the vacuum condition, melting and degassing nickel-base superalloy or prepared nickel-base superalloy raw materials to obtain completely alloyed melt;
step two: introducing the completely alloyed melt obtained in the step one into an atomizing furnace, and carrying out gas atomization treatment to obtain nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder; the gas atomization treatment is to break the metal liquid flow into fine liquid drops through a high-pressure atomization medium of an annular-hole conical nozzle, and the liquid drops are cooled and solidified to form nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder in the flight process; the diameter of the annular-hole conical nozzle is 3.5mm, the jet speed of the melt is controlled to be 3.5-4 kg/min during gas atomization treatment, the furnace pressure in the atomization furnace is controlled to be 0.22-0.23 bar, and the pressure of the high-pressure atomization medium is 3.5-4.5 MPa;
step three: and D, performing ultrasonic vibration screening on the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder obtained in the step two, primarily screening by using a 150-mesh screen to remove powder with the particle size of more than or equal to 106 microns, and then screening the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder with the particle size of less than 45 microns and used for laser forming in a powder bed selection area and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder with the particle size of 45-106 microns and used for laser cladding forming by using an ultrasonic vibration screening device 325-mesh screen.
When certain specific alloy grades are smelted, high-activity components such as Ti, Zr and the like need to be added, the Ti and the Zr need to be independently placed into a feeding bin during smelting, and the Ti and the Zr are added through the feeding bin when the temperature of a melt reaches 1570 ℃.
The invention relates to a preparation method of nickel-based superalloy powder for laser forming, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Ni：48～52％，
Co：18～22％，
Cr：11～14％，
Mo：3～5％，
W：2～3％，
Al：3～5％，
Ti：3～4％，
Ta：2～3％，
Nb：0.5～1.5％，
Zr：0.05～0.15％，
B：0.03～0.05％，
C：0.03～0.05％。
the invention relates to a preparation method of nickel-based superalloy powder for laser forming, which comprises the following steps of adding a nickel-based superalloy or a prepared nickel-based superalloy raw material into a smelting furnace, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree of the furnace chamber is higher than 10-1And (5) introducing inert gas for protection, heating and carrying out alloy smelting when the pressure is MPa.
The invention relates to a preparation method of nickel-based superalloy powder for laser forming, wherein in the first step, degassing is carried out at 1580-1610 ℃ for 5-10 min.
The invention relates to a preparation method of nickel-based superalloy powder for laser forming, and in the second step, the number of conical nozzles in an annular hole conical nozzle is 16-22.
The invention relates to a preparation method of nickel-based superalloy powder for laser forming, wherein in the second step, when the annular hole conical nozzle works, the vertex angle of a jet gas cone is 50-65 degrees. The invention reduces the generation probability of the satellite powder to an extremely small value (almost negligible) by matching the vertex angle of the jet gas cone with the number of the nozzles.
The invention relates to a preparation method of nickel-based superalloy powder for laser forming, wherein in the second step, the high-pressure atomization medium is high-purity argon, the purity of the high-purity argon is 99.99 wt%, and the atomization temperature is 300-400 ℃ above the liquidus temperature.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
generally, if the atomization temperature is too high in the powder preparation process by the gas atomization method, the spheroidization time is prolonged, and the solidified powder is easily influenced by various factors to deform, so that the sphericity of the atomized powder is reduced, and the superheat degree of the general powder preparation process relative to the liquidus is generally not more than 150 ℃, and is generally dozens of degrees. Meanwhile, the larger the pulverizing pressure is, the higher the relative speed of the airflow and the metal liquid flow is, so that the atomizing process is performed more fully, and more and finer powder particles are obtained. The above operation also faces the problem of a large increase in satellite powder. The invention firstly provides a process for matching the flow velocity of low-melting-point liquid with the high superheat temperature of a melt, medium-low atomization pressure and an annular-hole conical nozzle, and prepares powder with good sphericity, less satellite powder (the generation probability and the quantity of the satellite powder are far lower than those of the prior art) and no hollow defects by comprehensively controlling the process parameters such as the mass flow rate of the molten metal, the gas-liquid ratio, the pressure of an atomization medium and the like, and has high yield of fine powder, wherein the powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 50 mu m is higher than 60 percent, and the technical requirements of laser melting forming in selected areas of a powder bed are completely met.
According to the invention, through the synergistic effect of each process and each process parameter, the nickel-based superalloy powder with the oxygen content lower than 0.010% is successfully prepared, and the nickel-based alloy bar does not need to be processed in advance, so that the process flow is shortened, the production cost is reduced, and the large-scale production of the nickel-based alloy powder for laser forming is facilitated.
The invention innovatively adopts high superheat temperature of the melt, medium atomization pressure, low melt flow rate of liquid and the annular hole conical nozzle at the apex angle of the special jet gas cone to prepare the nickel-based superalloy powder, improves the gas-liquid ratio and simultaneously reduces the surface tension and viscosity of metal. By controlling the atomization temperature to 1620-1720 ℃, the powder preparation air pressure to 3.5-4.5 MPa and the liquid flow speed to 3.5-4 kg/min, the prepared powder has good sphericity, the oxygen content is lower than 0.010 percent, the yield of fine powder is high, wherein the powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 50 microns is higher than 60 percent, and the yield of the fine powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 45 microns is higher than 58 percent, the technical requirement of laser melting forming in a powder bed selection area is completely met, nickel-based alloy bars do not need to be processed in advance, the process flow is shortened, the production cost is reduced, the large-scale production of the nickel-based alloy powder for laser forming is facilitated, and the production efficiency of the powder is.
The invention adopts lower liquid flow velocity to improve the gas-liquid ratio, increases the cooling speed of metal liquid drops, controls the pressure of a powder making furnace to be 0.22-0.23 bar and the pressure of the powder making to be 3.5-4 MPa, obtains the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder with higher sphericity, has the powder yield of powder with the particle size of less than 50 mu m of more than 60 percent, and greatly improves the production efficiency of the powder. Meanwhile, the probability of satellite powder generation in the product obtained by the invention is far lower than that in the prior art. The powder prepared by the invention has good fluidity, high apparent density and uniform powder spreading, and completely meets the requirements of laser sintering and forming.
According to the invention, through the synergistic effect of various preparation process parameters and process flows, the yield of fine powder is improved, and simultaneously, the viscosity and surface tension of molten drops are reduced, so that the powder is fully crushed, the possibility of wrapping inert gas is reduced, the hollow defect of the powder is completely eliminated, the problems of macroscopic cracks, defects and the like caused by powder quality factors in the laser forming process are solved, and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder meeting the technical requirements of laser cladding forming is prepared.
The invention eliminates the hollow defect of powder through the synergistic effect of various preparation process parameters and process flows, has good powder sphericity, prepares the nickel-based alloy powder meeting the technical requirements of laser forming, and greatly improves the utilization rate of the powder.
In a word, the nickel-based superalloy powder meeting the technical requirements of laser forming can be efficiently prepared by adopting the method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a distribution of particle diameters of the nickel-base superalloy powder for laser forming obtained in example 1.
FIG. 2 shows the morphology of the particles of the nickel-base superalloy for laser forming prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the laser-formable nickel-base superalloy powder particles obtained in example 1.
FIG. 4 shows the morphology of the particles of the nickel-base superalloy for laser forming prepared in example 2.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the laser-formable nickel-base superalloy powder particles obtained in example 2.
FIG. 1 shows that in example 1, the yield of fine powder having a particle size of less than 50 μm before sieving was more than 60%.
The results in FIG. 2 show that the Ni-based superalloy powder obtained in example 1 has a high sphericity and low satellite content.
The results in FIG. 3 show that no hollow defects are present in the nickel-base superalloy powder particles obtained in example 1.
The results in FIG. 4 show that the Ni-based superalloy powder obtained in example 2 has a high sphericity and low satellite content.
The results of FIG. 5 show that no void defects are present in the nickel-base superalloy powder particles produced in example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
Example 1:
(1) alloy smelting: 20kg of nickel-based superalloy raw material is added into a vacuum induction melting furnace, and Ti and Zr are put into a feeding bin (0.82 kg of Ti and 0.02kg of Zr) on one side. Closing the hatch door, vacuumizing and reducing the furnace pressure to 10-1MPa, alloy smelting is carried out, Ti and Ti are added through a feeding bin when the temperature is heated to 1570 DEG CZr. The nickel-based superalloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni: 9.97kg, Co: 4.15kg, Cr 2.7kg, Mo: 0.765kg, W:0.418kg, Al: 0.72kg, Ti: 0.82kg, Ta: 0.488kg, Nb: 0.182kg, Zr: 0.02kg, B: 0.06kg, C: 0.008 kg.
(2) Vacuum degassing: after the alloy was completely melted, vacuum degassing was performed at 1580 ℃ for 10 min.
(3) Atomizing to prepare powder: the method comprises the steps of guiding completely molten alloy raw materials into an atomizing furnace through a guide pipe at the flow rate of 3.5kg/min, controlling the atomizing temperature to 1650 ℃, the pressure of the pulverizing furnace to 0.22bar and the pulverizing pressure to 3.5MPa, smashing metal liquid into fine liquid drops through high-pressure high-purity argon (the purity is 99.99 wt%) of an annular hole conical nozzle with the diameter of 3.5mm, cooling the liquid drops in the flying process, quickly solidifying the liquid drops to form nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder, and cooling the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder in a powder collecting tank for 4 hours. (the number of the conical nozzles in the annular hole conical nozzle is 16. when the annular hole conical nozzle works, the vertex angle of the jet gas cone is 50 degrees.)
(4) Powder screening: and (3) carrying out ultrasonic vibration screening on the cooled nickel-based superalloy powder, and primarily screening by using a 150-mesh screen to remove powder with the particle size of more than or equal to 106 microns. Then, the required nickel-based superalloy powder is screened out by using an ultrasonic vibration screening device 325 mesh screen.
The obtained nickel-based superalloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
ni: the balance, Co: 18.5%, Cr: 14%, Mo: 4.66%, W: 2.17%, Al: 3.47%, Ti: 3.83%, Ta: 2.29%, Nb: 0.89%, Zr: 0.12%, B: 0.05%, C: 0.045%.
The particle size distribution of the nickel-base superalloy powder prepared by the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, the particle morphology is shown in fig. 2, and the cross-sectional morphology is shown in fig. 3. The detection shows that the oxygen content of the powder is 0.011 percent, the average grain diameter is 29.23 mu m, and the apparent density is 4.08g/cm3Tap density of 5.20g/cm3。
The application of the powder comprises the following steps:
(1) model construction
According to the characteristics of the required formed part, a three-dimensional model is built on a computer and stored as a file in STL format, and the file is introduced into the building software of the laser melting forming equipment in the powder bed selection area for layering processing.
(2) Pretreatment for laser forming
The forming chamber substrate is made of stainless steel material and is subjected to sand blasting (SiO)2) And (3) after treatment, placing the processed substrate in a forming area, leveling the substrate, then placing the nickel-based superalloy powder obtained in the step one into a powder supply cylinder of laser melting forming equipment in a powder bed selection area, uniformly paving the powder on the forming substrate by using a scraper, and closing an equipment cabin door.
(3) Parameter setting and laser forming
In an operating system equipped with selective laser melting forming equipment of a powder bed, the heating temperature of a substrate is adjusted to be 120 ℃, high-purity argon (with the purity of 99.99 wt%) is introduced for protection, the oxygen content in a cavity is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.1%, the diameter of a light spot is adjusted to be 80 mu m, the thickness of a powder layer is set to be 30 mu m, the filling laser input power of a forming piece is 200w, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.08mm, the profile laser input power is 130w, the scanning speed is 800, filling and rotating (clockwise rotating 67.5 degrees on each layer) are selected, workpiece parameters are stored, and sintering is started.
(4) Post-laser forming treatment
And separating the formed piece from the substrate by adopting a linear cutting process to obtain the required nickel-based superalloy formed piece.
The density of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy formed part prepared by the embodiment is 98.37%, the tensile strength is 985MPa, the yield strength is 819MPa, and the elongation is 6.21%.
The 3D printed product may also be subjected to a subsequent thermal treatment.
Example 2:
(1) alloy smelting: 20kg of nickel-based superalloy raw material is added into a vacuum induction melting furnace, and Ti and Zr are put into a feeding bin (0.82 kg of Ti and 0.02kg of Zr) beside the furnace. Closing the hatch door, vacuumizing and reducing the furnace pressure to 10-1And (5) MPa, starting heating to perform alloy smelting, and adding Ti and Zr through a feeding bin when the temperature is 1570 ℃. The nickel-based superalloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni:9.96kg，Co：4.13kg，Cr:2.7kg，Mo：0.758kg，W:0.413kg，Al：0.727kg，Ti：0.82kg，Ta：0.486kg，Nb：0.182kg，Zr：0.02kg，B：0.06kg，C：0.008kg。
(2) vacuum degassing: after the alloy was completely melted, vacuum degassing was performed at 1610 ℃ for 5 min.
(3) Atomizing to prepare powder: the method comprises the steps of guiding completely molten alloy raw materials into an atomizing furnace through a guide pipe at the flow speed of 4kg/min, controlling the atomizing temperature to be 1670 ℃, the pressure of a powder making furnace to be 0.23bar and the pressure of powder making to be 4MPa, smashing metal liquid into fine liquid drops through high-pressure high-purity argon (the purity is 99.99 wt%) of an annular hole conical nozzle with the diameter of 3.5mm, cooling the liquid drops in the flying process, quickly solidifying the liquid drops to form nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder, and cooling the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder in a powder collecting tank for 4 hours. (the number of the conical nozzles in the annular hole conical nozzle is 20. when the annular hole conical nozzle works, the vertex angle of the jet gas cone is 60 degrees.) (4) powder screening: and (3) carrying out ultrasonic vibration screening on the cooled nickel-based superalloy powder, and primarily screening by 150 meshes to remove powder larger than or equal to 106 microns. Then, the required nickel-based superalloy powder is screened out by using an ultrasonic vibration screening device 325 mesh screen.
The obtained nickel-based superalloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
ni: the balance, Co: 20%, Cr: 12.6%, Mo: 3.78%, W: 2.14%, Al: 3.24%, Ti: 3.66%, Ta: 2.05%, Nb: 0.82%, Zr: 0.057%, B: 0.045%, C: 0.05 percent.
The particle morphology of the nickel-base superalloy powder prepared by the embodiment is shown in fig. 4, and the cross-sectional morphology is shown in fig. 5. The detection shows that the oxygen content of the powder is 0.009%, the average particle diameter is 31.00 μm, and the loose packed density is 4.21g/cm3Tap density of 5.32g/cm3。
The application of the powder comprises the following steps:
(1) model construction
According to the characteristics of the required formed part, a three-dimensional model is built on a computer and stored as a file in STL format, and the file is introduced into the building software of the laser melting forming equipment in the powder bed selection area for layering processing.
(2) Pretreatment for laser forming
The forming chamber substrate is made of stainless steel material and is subjected to sand blasting (SiO)2) And (3) after treatment, placing the processed substrate in a forming area, leveling the substrate, then placing the nickel-based superalloy powder obtained in the step one into a powder supply cylinder of laser melting forming equipment in a powder bed selection area, uniformly paving the powder on the forming substrate by using a scraper, and closing an equipment cabin door.
(3) Parameter setting and laser forming
In an operating system equipped with selective laser melting forming equipment of a powder bed, the heating temperature of a substrate is adjusted to be 110 ℃, high-purity argon (with the purity of 99.99 wt%) is introduced for protection, the oxygen content in a cavity is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.1%, the diameter of a light spot is adjusted to be 80 mu m, the thickness of a powder layer is set to be 30 mu m, the filling laser input power of a forming piece is 180w, the scanning speed is 900mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.09mm, the profile laser input power is 120w, the scanning speed is 900mm/s, filling and rotation (clockwise rotation of each layer is 67.5 degrees) are selected, workpiece parameters are stored, and sintering is started.
(4) Post-laser forming treatment
And separating the formed piece from the substrate by adopting a linear cutting process to obtain the required nickel-based superalloy formed piece.
The density of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy forming piece prepared by the embodiment is 98.25%, the tensile strength is 957MPa, the yield strength is 804MPa, and the elongation is 5.97%.
The 3D printed product may also be subjected to a subsequent thermal treatment.
Other schemes are tried, and especially when the vertex angle of the jet gas cone is not between 50 and 65 degrees, and the jet speed of the melt during gas atomization treatment is more than 4.5kg/min, the quantity of satellite powder in the obtained powder is obviously increased.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of nickel-based superalloy powder for laser forming is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: under the vacuum condition, melting and degassing nickel-base superalloy or prepared nickel-base superalloy raw materials to obtain completely alloyed melt; the degassing temperature is 1580-1610 ℃, and the time is 5-10 min;
step two: introducing the completely alloyed melt obtained in the step one into an atomizing furnace, and carrying out gas atomization treatment to obtain nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder; the gas atomization treatment is to break the metal liquid flow into fine liquid drops through a high-pressure atomization medium of an annular-hole conical nozzle, and the liquid drops are cooled and solidified in the flight process to form powder; the diameter of the annular-hole conical nozzle is 3.5mm, the jet speed of the melt is controlled to be 3.5-4 kg/min during gas atomization treatment, the pressure in the atomization furnace is controlled to be 0.22-0.23 bar, and the pressure of the high-pressure atomization medium is 3.5-4.5 MPa; when the annular-hole conical nozzle works in the second step, the vertex angle of the jet gas cone is 50-65 degrees; the number of conical nozzles in the annular-hole conical nozzle is 16-22; the atomization temperature is 300-400 ℃ above the liquidus temperature;
step three: carrying out ultrasonic vibration screening on the nickel-based superalloy powder obtained in the step two, and primarily screening the nickel-based superalloy powder through a 150-mesh screen to remove powder larger than or equal to 106 microns; then, screening the nickel-based superalloy powder with the particle size of 45 microns and used for laser forming in a powder bed selection area and the nickel-based superalloy powder with the particle size of 45-106 microns and used for powder laser cladding forming by using a 325-mesh screen of an ultrasonic vibration screening device;
the nickel-based superalloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Ni：48～52％，
Co：18～22％，
Cr：11～14％，
Mo：3～5％，
W：2～3％，
Al：3～5％，
Ti：3～4％，
Ta：2～3％，
Nb：0.5～1.5％，
Zr：0.05～0.15％，
B：0.03～0.05％，
C：0.03～0.05％。
2. laser forming according to claim 1The preparation method of the nickel-based superalloy powder is characterized by comprising the following steps: step one, adding the nickel-based high-temperature alloy or the prepared nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material into a smelting furnace, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree of the furnace chamber is higher than 10-1And (5) introducing inert gas for protection, heating and carrying out alloy smelting when the pressure is MPa.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the nickel-base superalloy powder for laser forming comprises: and in the second step, the high-pressure atomizing medium is high-purity argon, and the purity of the high-purity argon is 99.99 wt%.
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