CN108936098B - Production method of special ecological fermented feed for Taiwan loaches - Google Patents

Production method of special ecological fermented feed for Taiwan loaches Download PDF

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CN108936098B
CN108936098B CN201811073765.2A CN201811073765A CN108936098B CN 108936098 B CN108936098 B CN 108936098B CN 201811073765 A CN201811073765 A CN 201811073765A CN 108936098 B CN108936098 B CN 108936098B
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taiwan
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loaches
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CN108936098A (en
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王永杰
徐双贵
张静
陈红莲
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Anhui Dawei Aquaculture Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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Abstract

The invention discloses a production method of ecological fermented feed special for Taiwan loaches, which comprises the following steps: selecting mixed strains composed of lactobacillus, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria, and controlling the total viable bacteria content of the mixed strains to be 3.0 × 108cfu/g, adding the argan glycerol accounting for 1-20% of the total mass of the mixed strain into the mixed strain, slowly stirring for 10-15min for dehydration treatment, and standing; placing the mixed strain after standing into water with the temperature of 20-25 ℃, adding cutinase which accounts for 0.01-0.5% of the total mass of the mixed strain, and adding a fermentation accelerator to form mixed bacteria liquid; putting the complete feed into a fermentation tank, adding the mixed bacterial liquid to ensure that the water content is 60-70%, and fermenting. The invention has the advantages that the produced fermented feed is particularly suitable for Taiwan loaches, has obvious influence on the growth performance, the digestive enzyme activity, the serum immunity index, the serum biochemistry index and other indexes of the Taiwan loaches, and obviously improves the breeding benefit of the Taiwan loaches.

Description

Production method of special ecological fermented feed for Taiwan loaches
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture fermented feed, and particularly relates to a production method of ecological fermented feed special for Taiwan loaches.
Background
In view of the harm of feed antibiotics in the aquaculture industry, foreign developed countries, particularly countries of the european union, japan, korea, and the like, have started to restrict the use of antibiotics in the aquaculture industry since the end of the last 80 th century. Under the background, the research of antibiotic substitutes and novel safe feeds is hot in the countries of the European Union, Japan and the like. Early research is mainly focused on the aspects of screening, culturing and the like of probiotics, the probiotics are directly added into compound feed, the raw materials of the feed are not fermented, the feed is dry powdery or granular, the feed cannot be called as probiotics fermented feed, the function of animals is adjusted mainly through outer edge additives, nutrient resistant substances in the raw materials of the feed are not further degraded, and the like.
The fermented feed has slightly darkened color, good fermentation fragrance (mellow fragrance, acid fragrance and sauce fragrance), no unpleasant pungent smell, good palatability and good food calling effect. The fermented feed stimulates intestinal peristalsis, and various digestive enzymes (protease, lipase and amylase) are improved to promote the decomposition and absorption of the feed. And various beneficial bacteria adjust the ecological balance of the intestinal tract, occupy intestinal tract sites and reduce the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. The produced glycoprotein stimulates the immune system to mature and improves the immunity. The research of fermented feed in China starts earlier, and the development goes through 3 stages. The first stage is saccharified feed which arose in the 50 th century; the second development period was yeast feed from the end of the last century 80 to the 90 s; the third development period is the current fermented feed, and the third development period mainly aims at solving the problems of improving the nutritive value, improving the palatability, utilizing industrial and agricultural byproducts and the like and enters the outbreak period of fermenting the feed by using probiotics.
In recent years, the rapid development of the probiotic fermented feed industry becomes a main substitute for feed antibiotics, but the rapid expansion of the probiotic fermented feed industry has many problems, which are not small and should be highly regarded. (1) In terms of probiotic selection, little is known about its genetic background, which causes instability of strain performance and ambiguity of function, directly affecting the stability of product efficacy. (2) Lack of study of the impact of microbial community structure. Many microbial inoculums are effective in the actual use process, but the mechanism is difficult to say clearly, and the microbial inoculums are actually a black box process. (3) The method has very important practical significance in realizing the large-scale production of the probiotic fermented feed, breeding excellent production strains and obtaining process conditions matched with the production strains.
Taiwan loach (Misgurnus arguliticus) belongs to the order Cypriniformes, the family loaches and the genus loach, is a new excellent breeding variety cultivated by a distant hybridization technology, and has the characteristics of high survival rate, high growth speed, low feed coefficient, strong disease resistance, delicious meat quality and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production method of the special ecological fermented feed for the Taiwan loaches, and the produced fermented feed has obvious influence on the growth performance, the digestive enzyme activity, the serum immunity index, the serum biochemistry index and other indexes of the Taiwan loaches and obviously improves the breeding benefit of the Taiwan loaches.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
a production method of ecological fermented feed special for Taiwan loaches comprises the steps of
(1) Selecting mixed strains composed of lactobacillus, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria, and controlling the total viable bacteria content of the mixed strains to be 3.0 × 108cfu/g, adding the argan glycerol accounting for 1-20% of the total mass of the mixed strain into the mixed strain, slowly stirring for 10-15min for dehydration treatment, and standing;
(2) placing the mixed strain after standing into water with the temperature of 20-25 ℃, adding cutinase which accounts for 0.01-0.5% of the total mass of the mixed strain, and adding a fermentation accelerator to form mixed bacteria liquid;
(3) putting the complete feed into a fermentation tank, adding the mixed bacterial liquid to ensure that the water content is 60-70%, and fermenting.
The further improvement lies in that the viable bacteria ratio of the lactic acid bacteria, the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria is respectively 12 percent, 60 percent and 28 percent.
The further improvement is that the fermentation process in the step (3) is divided into three stages, wherein the fermentation conditions of the first stage are that the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the salinity is 5 per mill, and the pH value is 7.0-7.5; the second stage fermentation conditions are that the temperature is 28-32 ℃, the salinity is 8 per mill, and the pH value is 8.0; the third stage fermentation conditions are 32-35 deg.C, 10 ‰ salinity, and pH 8.0-8.5.
The further improvement is that the complete feed is added with composite cholic acid, electrolytic multivitamin and immune polysaccharide.
The further improvement is that the addition amount of the compound cholic acid accounts for 0.020% of the mass of the complete feed, the addition amount of the electrolytic multi-vitamin accounts for 0.025% of the mass of the complete feed, and the addition amount of the immune polysaccharide accounts for 0.045% of the mass of the complete feed.
The further improvement is that the enzymatic activity of the cutinase is 2000-8000U/mL.
The further improvement is that the fermentation accelerator is one selected from sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium citrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, xanthan gum, soybean polysaccharide, glucose, guar gum and hyaluronic acid.
The principle of the invention is as follows: firstly weighing a mixed strain consisting of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria, adding diglycerol into the mixed strain, treating the saccharomycetes in the mixed strain by the diglycerol to dehydrate the saccharomycetes, preparing mixed bacteria liquid when fermentation is needed, and supplementing water by the saccharomycetes, so that important proteins in the saccharomycetes are protected from being oxidized, and the feed fermentation is promoted; a certain amount of cutinase is added before fermentation, and the cutinase can catalyze the cutin polymers of the feed epidermis to hydrolyze into monomers and oligomers, thereby being beneficial to the fermentation of the feed. The fermentation process is divided into three stages, namely a lipase fermentation stage, a protease fermentation stage and an amylase fermentation stage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the produced fermented feed is particularly suitable for Taiwan loaches, has obvious influence on the growth performance, the digestive enzyme activity, the serum immunity index, the serum biochemistry index and other indexes of the Taiwan loaches, and obviously improves the breeding benefit of the Taiwan loaches.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to examples, and it should be noted that the following detailed description is provided for further explanation of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, and that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present application may be made by those skilled in the art based on the above-mentioned disclosure.
Example 1:
a production method of ecological fermented feed special for Taiwan loaches comprises the steps of
(1) Selecting mixed strains composed of Lactobacillus, Bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria (PSB), and controlling the total viable bacteria content of the mixed strains to be 3.0 × 108cfu/g, the viable bacteria ratio of lactobacillus, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria is 12%, 60% and 28% respectively. Adding the mixture into the mixed strainMixing the arglycerol with the total mass of the strains being 10%, slowly stirring for 12min for dehydration treatment, and standing;
(2) putting the mixed strain after standing into water with the temperature of 25 ℃, adding cutinase which accounts for 0.3 percent of the total mass of the mixed strain, wherein the enzyme activity of the cutinase is 5000U/mL, and adding a fermentation accelerator to form a mixed bacterial liquid, wherein the fermentation accelerator is sodium carboxymethylcellulose;
(3) putting the complete feed into a fermentation tank, adding mixed bacteria liquid to make the water content reach 65%, and fermenting. The fermentation process is divided into three stages, wherein the first stage is a lipase fermentation stage, the fermentation condition is that the temperature is 28 ℃, the salinity is 5 per mill, and the pH value is 7.5; the second stage is a protease fermentation stage, wherein the fermentation conditions are 32 ℃, 8 per mill of salinity and 8.0 of pH value; the third stage is an amylase fermentation stage, wherein the fermentation conditions are 35 ℃, 10 per mill of salinity and 8.5 of pH value.
Example 2:
a production method of ecological fermented feed special for Taiwan loaches comprises the steps of
(1) Selecting mixed strains composed of Lactobacillus, Bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria (PSB), and controlling the total viable bacteria content of the mixed strains to be 3.0 × 108cfu/g, the viable bacteria ratio of lactobacillus, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria is 12%, 60% and 28% respectively. Adding the argan into the mixed strain, wherein the argan accounts for 10% of the total mass of the mixed strain, slowly stirring for 12min for dehydration treatment, and standing;
(2) putting the mixed strain after standing into water with the temperature of 25 ℃, adding cutinase which accounts for 0.3 percent of the total mass of the mixed strain, wherein the enzyme activity of the cutinase is 5000U/mL, and adding a fermentation accelerator to form a mixed bacterial liquid, wherein the fermentation accelerator is sodium carboxymethylcellulose;
(3) putting the complete feed into a fermentation tank, adding mixed bacteria liquid to make the water content reach 65%, and fermenting. The fermentation process is divided into three stages, wherein the first stage is a lipase fermentation stage, the fermentation condition is that the temperature is 28 ℃, the salinity is 5 per mill, and the pH value is 7.5; the second stage is a protease fermentation stage, wherein the fermentation conditions are 32 ℃, 8 per mill of salinity and 8.0 of pH value; the third stage is an amylase fermentation stage, wherein the fermentation conditions are 35 ℃, 10 per mill of salinity and 8.5 of pH value.
The difference of the embodiment 2 is that the compound cholic acid, the electrolytic multi-dimensional polysaccharide and the immune polysaccharide are added into the complete feed, wherein the addition amount of the compound cholic acid accounts for 0.020% of the mass of the complete feed, the addition amount of the electrolytic multi-dimensional polysaccharide accounts for 0.025% of the mass of the complete feed, and the addition amount of the immune polysaccharide accounts for 0.045% of the mass of the complete feed.
Control group:
selecting common complete feed purchased from the market, and mixing the feed with fish meal, soybean protein concentrate, soybean meal, peanut bran, corn and the like.
The comparative feeding test of the above example 1, example 2 and control group, the test process and results are as follows:
the loach fries used for the test are 5.2g of healthy fingerlings with initial body mass, and are taken from a breeding base of Misgurni anguillicaudati culture cooperative of Anhui Fuyang. The selection specifications are the same, and the area is 0.16hm26 mouths of pond for test with 30 ten thousand tails per hm2The test fingerlings were randomly assigned and listed as the example group and the control group in this order.
The feeding period of the experiment is 90 days, the feeding amount is 2% -4% of the total mass of the fish every day, the feeding is respectively carried out at 8:00 and 15:30, and the water quality analyzer is used for detecting and recording the content of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body and the pH value every 7 days at 9:00 in the morning.
Collecting samples after feeding for 90 days, and determining serum biochemical indexes and intestinal digestive enzyme activity of the Taiwan loaches to prepare the following two tables:
TABLE 1 serum biochemical index of Taiwan loach
Item Control group I (example 1) II (example 2)
Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase/U L-1 68.53±14.67 39.28±5.17 47.19±14.65
Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase/U L-1 546.12±421.45 331.16±129.07 450.42±69.27
Total protein/g L-1 27.85±2.6718 31.89±2.6222 32.95±3.79
Albumin/g L-1 12.67±1.79 13.87±1.92 14.12±1.67
Globulin/g L-1 14.12±1.15 17.31±1.21 16.46±3.45
Glucose/mmol L-1 13.71±1.16 13.81±2.17 13.92±0.36
Total Cholesterol/mmol L-1 3.11±0.84 3.12±0.47 2.85±0.78
Triglyceride/mmol L-1 2.75±0.49 3.37±0.65 2.91±0.72
As can be seen from Table 1, the activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in group I and group II is lower than that of the control group, and the difference of the treatment group I is obvious compared with that of the control group (P < 0.05); the total protein content of the I group and the II group is higher than that of the control group, and the difference of the treatment group I is more obvious than that of the control group (P < 0.05); wherein the activities of total cholesterol and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase in group I and group II are lower than those of the control group, and the activities of triglyceride, globulin, albumin, high-low density lipoprotein and glucose are higher than those of the control group.
TABLE 2 intestinal digestive enzyme Activity (U/mg) of Taiwan loach
Group of Acid protease activity Alkaline protease Activity Amylase Activity Lipase Activity
Control group 0.0542±0.0131 0.5992±0.0581 0.0415±0.087 0.0447±0.0069
I (example 1) 0.0572±0.0159 0.6405±0.0865 0.4287±0.0049 0.00528±0.0069
II (example 2) 0.0668±0.0089 0.6957±0.0383 0.4321±0.0079 0.0551±0.0053
As can be seen from Table 2, alkaline protease activity in group II was significantly higher (P <0.05) than that in the control group, and in group I, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05); the activity of acid protease is not obviously different among groups (P is more than 0.05), but the activity of the acid protease is higher in the group I and the group II than that of the control group; the amylase and lipase activities of the I and II groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05).
In conclusion, it can be obviously seen that the fermented feed produced by the invention is particularly suitable for the Taiwan loaches, has obvious influence on the growth performance, the digestive enzyme activity, the serum immunity index, the serum biochemistry index and other indexes of the Taiwan loaches, and obviously improves the breeding benefit of the Taiwan loaches.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A production method of ecological fermented feed special for Taiwan loaches is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the steps of
(1) Selecting mixed strains composed of lactobacillus, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria, and controlling the total viable bacteria content of the mixed strains to be 3.0 × 108cfu/g, adding the argan glycerol accounting for 1-20% of the total mass of the mixed strain into the mixed strain, slowly stirring for 10-15min for dehydration treatment, and standing;
(2) placing the mixed strain after standing into water with the temperature of 20-25 ℃, adding cutinase which accounts for 0.01-0.5% of the total mass of the mixed strain, and adding a fermentation accelerator to form mixed bacteria liquid;
(3) putting the complete feed into a fermentation tank, adding mixed bacteria liquid to make the water content be 60-70%, and fermenting; the complete feed is added with composite cholic acid, electrolytic multivitamin and immune polysaccharide.
2. The production method of the ecological fermented feed special for the Taiwan loaches, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the viable bacteria ratio of the lactic acid bacteria, the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria is respectively 12 percent, 60 percent and 28 percent.
3. The production method of the ecological fermented feed special for the Taiwan loaches, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fermentation process in the step (3) is divided into three stages, wherein the fermentation conditions of the first stage are that the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the salinity is 5 per mill, and the pH value is 7.0-7.5; the second stage fermentation conditions are that the temperature is 28-32 ℃, the salinity is 8 per mill, and the pH value is 8.0; the third stage fermentation conditions are 32-35 deg.C, 10 ‰ salinity, and pH 8.0-8.5.
4. The production method of the ecological fermented feed special for the Taiwan loaches, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the addition amount of the compound cholic acid accounts for 0.020% of the mass of the complete feed, the addition amount of the electrolytic multi-dimensional accounts for 0.025% of the mass of the complete feed, and the addition amount of the immune polysaccharide accounts for 0.045% of the mass of the complete feed.
5. The production method of the ecological fermented feed special for the Taiwan loaches, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the enzymatic activity of the cutinase is 2000-8000U/mL.
6. The production method of the ecological fermented feed special for the Taiwan loaches, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fermentation accelerator is selected from one of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium citrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, xanthan gum, soybean polysaccharide, glucose, guar gum and hyaluronic acid.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102573516A (en) * 2009-04-24 2012-07-11 丹尼斯科有限公司 Feed supplement
CN102630821A (en) * 2012-04-06 2012-08-15 广东绿百多生物科技有限公司 Aquacultural microbiological feed premix and preparation method thereof
CN104222490A (en) * 2013-06-19 2014-12-24 上海泓宝绿色水产科技发展有限公司 Compound feed obtained by fermenting natural cereals with probiotics and preparation method of compound feed
CN105967793A (en) * 2016-04-29 2016-09-28 宿松县龙源水产养殖专业合作社 Special rich water formula for loaches, and preparation method thereof
CN108289477A (en) * 2015-09-01 2018-07-17 杜邦营养生物科学有限公司 Increase the method for fat soluble vitamin absorption in feed

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102573516A (en) * 2009-04-24 2012-07-11 丹尼斯科有限公司 Feed supplement
CN102630821A (en) * 2012-04-06 2012-08-15 广东绿百多生物科技有限公司 Aquacultural microbiological feed premix and preparation method thereof
CN104222490A (en) * 2013-06-19 2014-12-24 上海泓宝绿色水产科技发展有限公司 Compound feed obtained by fermenting natural cereals with probiotics and preparation method of compound feed
CN108289477A (en) * 2015-09-01 2018-07-17 杜邦营养生物科学有限公司 Increase the method for fat soluble vitamin absorption in feed
CN105967793A (en) * 2016-04-29 2016-09-28 宿松县龙源水产养殖专业合作社 Special rich water formula for loaches, and preparation method thereof

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Inventor after: Wang Yongjie

Inventor after: Xu Shuanggui

Inventor after: Zhang Jing

Inventor after: Chen Honglian

Inventor after: Bao Junjie

Inventor after: Sun Wen

Inventor before: Wang Yongjie

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Effective date of registration: 20240506

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Patentee after: Anhui Dawei aquaculture Co.,Ltd.

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Patentee before: FISHERIES Research Institute ANHUI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

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