CN108934880B - Irrigation cultivation method for gastrodia elata in paddy field - Google Patents
Irrigation cultivation method for gastrodia elata in paddy field Download PDFInfo
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- CN108934880B CN108934880B CN201810974200.5A CN201810974200A CN108934880B CN 108934880 B CN108934880 B CN 108934880B CN 201810974200 A CN201810974200 A CN 201810974200A CN 108934880 B CN108934880 B CN 108934880B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gastrodia elata paddy field irrigation cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: a. selecting a site, namely selecting a paddy field which is provided with mountain spring stream for irrigation and can keep the water level of 12cm, and avoiding the paddy field which can be flooded by water when mountain floods rise; b. selecting and packaging containers; the containers are divided into two types: container for planting commercial gastrodia elata: selecting a trapezoidal plastic container with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part; the container for planting the self-used gastrodia elata: selecting a wood plate bamboo basket and sleeving a plastic film; c. selecting a fungus bag; d. preparing a gastrodia elata material; e. building a rain-proof shading shed; f. culturing the bacteria in a shed; g. culturing a fixed bacterial bed; h. sowing the gastrodia elata; i. and (5) field management. Has the advantages that: 1. the influence of weather is small, large-scale planting can be realized, the technical operation difficulty is low, and the popularization is convenient; 2. by adopting the water immersion type design, the probability of insect damage is reduced, pesticide fertilization is avoided, and the environmental protection performance is improved; 3. can fully utilize natural resources, adopt centralized cultivation to facilitate management and have strong economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gastrodia elata planting, in particular to a gastrodia elata paddy field irrigation cultivation method.
Background
Gastrodia elata is a saprophytic herb of the genus Gastrodia of the family Orchidaceae. The plant can reach 2 m; tuber-shaped, oval to near dumbbell-shaped, fleshy, upright stem, orange yellow, grayish brown or blue-green, without green leaves, blossoming and bearing fruit in 5-7 months. Is widely distributed in various places in China. Gastrodia elata is one of rare Chinese medicinal materials. Gastrodia elata has been used as a medicine for more than one thousand years, and health wine brewed by Gastrodia elata is regarded as a treasure in palace. In ancient medical books Shen nong Ben Cao Jing and Ben Cao gang mu, there are records of Tian Ma to eliminate diseases and prolong life
In China, Gastrodia elata is cultivated earlier in China, most of Gastrodia elata is cultivated in shady and cool places with loose soil and good moisture-preserving and diuresis-promoting performances under forests, cellars are dug, cultivated Armillariella mellea strains are matched with new firewood, wood sections with fish scales are cut, the wood sections are horizontally arranged in the cellars, two finger gaps are arranged between the wood sections, one-day hemp seeds are planted at two ends and two sides of each wood section respectively, then the gaps are filled with soil, soil is paved on the gaps, one layer is planted according to the method, and dry leaves are paved on the surface of the soil to facilitate moisture preservation, so that the planting of Gastrodia elata in cellars is finished. The gastrodia elata is dug in February from winter or in the right of the next year without additional water supplement management when planted on a hillside.
The traditional gastrodia elata planting mode has the main problems that when fungus materials are placed transversely, if the fungus materials meet continuous and long-term rain, the humidity of the lower layer is too high, air permeability is poor, aerobic armillaria mellea grows badly, and gastrodia elata is rotten. If the surface loses water and lacks water for a long time without rain, shoestring fungus can not grow, and the gastrodia elata is thin and flat, so that the gastrodia elata seriously reduces yield. Therefore, the gastrodia elata needs to be eaten by the weather, large-scale intensive planting cannot be realized, and a new cultivation mode is urgently needed to change the current situation in order to ensure stable and high yield.
The invention discloses a gastrodia elata cultivation method, which is characterized in that forest lands on the back and the back are selected, pits are dug, a nutrition structure layer in the pits is arranged, mulberry twigs are laid, and armillaria mellea is spread in multiple layers.
The above patent has the problems of high management difficulty, complex cultivation procedure, great influence from external environment, poor economic benefit, high labor cost and the like, so that the further improvement is needed on the existing basis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a gastrodia elata paddy field irrigation cultivation method.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating rhizoma Gastrodiae in paddy field by irrigation comprises the following steps:
a. selecting an address; selecting paddy fields which are irrigated by mountain spring streams and can keep the water level of 12cm, and avoiding the paddy fields which can be flooded by water when mountain floods rise to water;
b. selecting and packaging containers; the containers are divided into two types:
container for planting commercial gastrodia elata: selecting a trapezoidal plastic container with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part;
the container for planting the self-used gastrodia elata: selecting a wood plate bamboo basket and sleeving a plastic film;
c. selecting a fungus bag; producing the sexual propagation seed ramie by using a polyethylene bottom sealing fungus bag;
d. preparing a gastrodia elata material;
selecting tree species: selecting miscellaneous trees suitable for planting and growing rhizoma Gastrodiae, waste materials sheared from orchard, and miscellaneous trees and branches of pine and fir forestation land, wherein the tree species can be selected from one or more of birch, poplar, willow and wild jujube tree, and phoenix tree;
selecting leaves: chinese chestnut leaves or Li mu leaves are used for standby, and miscellaneous wood chips are used for standby;
selecting river sand: selecting medium and small particles in natural river sand or cobble machine sand;
e. building a rain-proof shading shed; building a 2.5-meter high-rain-proof shading shed, building an arc-shaped shed, wherein the center shed roof is not closed, a 10-cm wide ventilation roof is reserved, shading objects are added on the shed, and the proportion of the shading part and the light transmission part of the shed roof is 7 after shading: 3;
f. culturing the bacteria in a shed; cultivating bacteria in a shed in a field between 11 months and 12 months in the lunar calendar, and reserving a human-shaped channel of 70 centimeters in each row of plastic containers for sowing, cultivating and field management;
g. culturing a fixed bacterial bed; spreading sand 1cm thick on the bottom of the plastic container, vertically placing the sawn log and the shoestring fungus strains on the bottom of the plastic container, leaving a gap between the fungus and the firewood, placing shoestring fungus strains in each box, one bag, two parts and two parts, if the bacteria transmission speed needs to be increased, more armillaria mellea can be put, the fungus firewood needs to be vertically placed, after the fungus firewood and the armillaria mellea are placed, the river sand is filled in gaps among all the fungus firewood, covering the surface and cross section of the fungus firewood, adjusting the humidity of the sand to 70% by using clear water, covering the sand, then a black plastic film with the same size as the opening at the top of the plastic container is covered, after the whole field is processed, putting well water to water depth of 2-14cm, keeping water temperature at 16-25 deg.C, and culturing in 3 months if sexual reproduction bags are cultured;
h. sowing the gastrodia elata; the method is divided into two types:
culturing commercial ramie in a vegetative propagation mode: after spring festival, selecting 3-6 g of white hemp and reasonably placing the white hemp on a fungus bed in a box, sowing 30-36 g of white hemp in each box, putting the white hemp in front of a white growth point of armillaria mellea if a large amount of armillaria mellea fungus mycelia grow out of the surface, facilitating combination of rhizoma gastrodiae and armillaria mellea as soon as possible, sowing mixed sand with the thickness of 10cm after planting, and covering a black plastic film after placing a breathable object on the surface;
sexual propagation and sowing: after the gastrodia elata fruits are molded, gastrodia elata seeds are mixed with germination bacteria at a temperature lower than 28 ℃ as soon as possible, the mixed germination bacteria are kept wet (humidity is 55%) and stored at a low temperature (about 25 ℃) for 3-5 days, the gastrodia elata seeds are sown into a prepared fungus bag as soon as possible, when two layers of germination fungus leaves are sown, cultured armillaria mellea fungus branches and wet Chinese chestnut leaves are preferably added between the two layers, so that more fungus cords are generated to be combined with protocorms, the yield is improved, mixed sand with a thickness of 10cm is covered after the gastrodia elata seeds are sown, and a black plastic film is covered after a breathable object is placed on the surface of the mixed sand;
i. managing the field; to ensure that there is flowing well water in the field at all times, the depth of the water is taken care of to avoid letting water into the tanks or bags, generally, the relative humidity of the space in the shed is kept at about 75% -80% due to the presence of water in the field.
Preferably, the trapezoidal plastic container in step b has an upper bottom length of 63cm, a width of 43cm, a lower bottom length of 53cm, a width of 33cm and a height of 24 cm.
Preferably, the length, width and height of the polyethylene bottom sealing fungus bag in the step c are 40cm, 60cm and 6cm respectively.
Preferably, 1400 boxes are placed in each mu of the commodity hemp culture trapezoidal plastic container in the step g, and 8000 bags can be placed in each mu of the fungus bags.
Preferably, the tree species in step d uses long wood sections with a diameter of 2cm and a length of 10cm, and short wood sections with a diameter of 2cm and a length of 3 cm.
Preferably, the mixture ratio of the mixed sand in the step h is that the mixture ratio of the mixed wood chips to the river sand is 1: 5-ratio mixing, humidity 55%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the influence of weather is small, large-scale planting can be realized, the technical operation difficulty is low, and the popularization is convenient;
2. by adopting the water immersion type design, the probability of insect damage is reduced, pesticide fertilization is avoided, and the environmental protection performance is improved;
3. can fully utilize natural resources, adopt centralized cultivation to facilitate management and have strong economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
a method for cultivating rhizoma Gastrodiae in paddy field by irrigation comprises the following steps:
a. selecting an address; selecting paddy fields which are irrigated by mountain spring streams and can keep the water level of 12cm, and avoiding the paddy fields which can be flooded by water when mountain floods rise to water;
b. selecting and packaging containers; the containers are divided into two types:
container for planting commercial gastrodia elata: selecting a trapezoidal plastic container with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part;
the container for planting the self-used gastrodia elata: selecting a wood plate bamboo basket and sleeving a plastic film;
c. selecting a fungus bag; producing the sexual propagation seed ramie by using a polyethylene bottom sealing fungus bag;
d. preparing a gastrodia elata material:
selecting tree species: selecting miscellaneous trees suitable for planting and growing rhizoma Gastrodiae, waste materials sheared from orchard, and miscellaneous trees and branches of pine and fir forestation land, wherein the tree species can be selected from one or more of birch, poplar, willow and wild jujube tree, and phoenix tree;
selecting leaves: chinese chestnut leaves or Li mu leaves are used for standby, and miscellaneous wood chips are used for standby;
selecting river sand: selecting medium and small particles in natural river sand or cobble machine sand;
e. building a rain-proof shading shed; a2.5-meter high-rain-proof shading shed is built, an arc-shaped shed can be built, but the center shed roof is not sealed, a 10-cm wide roof is reserved for ventilation, so that the cooling in the shed is facilitated, shading objects are covered on the shed, and the proportion of a shading part and a light transmission part on the shed roof is 7 after shading: 3;
f. culturing the bacteria in a shed; cultivating bacteria in a shed in a field between 11 months and 12 months in the lunar calendar, and reserving a human-shaped channel of 70 centimeters in each row of plastic containers for sowing, cultivating and field management;
g. culturing a fixed bacterial bed; spreading sand at the bottom of a plastic container with the thickness of 1cm, vertically placing sawn sections of wood and armillaria mellea strains at the bottom of the plastic container, leaving gaps among fungi and firewood to facilitate the falling of sand and filling the gaps, facilitating the growth of the armillaria mellea, placing one armillaria mellea strain in each box, dividing the box into two parts, placing more armillaria mellea strains if the bacteria transmission speed needs to be increased, vertically placing the fungi and firewood, after the fungi and the armillaria mellea strains are placed, filling river sand in the gaps among all the fungi and firewood, covering the surfaces and the sections of the fungi and firewood, adjusting the humidity of the sand to 70% by using clean water, immediately covering a black plastic film with the size equal to the opening at the top of the plastic container after the whole field is treated, placing well water to the water depth of 2-14cm, paying attention to the height of a water injection port, the water flow convection, keeping the water temperature in the field at 16-25 ℃, promoting the normal growth of the armillaria mellea strains in winter, if the sexual propagation fungus bags are cultured, the cultivation can be carried out in 3 months;
h. sowing the gastrodia elata; the method is divided into two types:
culturing commercial ramie in a vegetative propagation mode: after spring festival, selecting 3-6 g of white hemp and reasonably placing the white hemp on a fungus bed in a box, sowing 30-36 g of white hemp in each box, putting the white hemp in front of a white growth point of armillaria mellea if a large amount of armillaria mellea fungus mycelia grow out of the surface, facilitating combination of rhizoma gastrodiae and armillaria mellea as soon as possible, sowing mixed sand with the thickness of 10cm after planting, and covering a black plastic film after placing a breathable object on the surface;
sexual propagation and sowing: after the gastrodia elata fruits are molded, gastrodia elata seeds are mixed with germination bacteria at a temperature lower than 28 ℃ as soon as possible, the mixed germination bacteria are kept wet (humidity is 55%) and stored at a low temperature (about 25 ℃) for 3-5 days, the gastrodia elata seeds are sown into a prepared fungus bag as soon as possible, when two layers of germination fungus leaves are sown, cultured armillaria mellea fungus branches and wet Chinese chestnut leaves are preferably added between the two layers, so that more fungus cords are generated to be combined with protocorms, the yield is improved, mixed sand with a thickness of 10cm is covered after the gastrodia elata seeds are sown, and a black plastic film is covered after a breathable object is placed on the surface of the mixed sand;
i. managing the field; the flowing well water in the field is ensured constantly, the depth of the water is noticed to avoid the water from entering the box or the bag, generally, as the water exists in the field, the relative humidity of the space in the shed is kept at about 75-80%, the water in the box and the bag is better kept because the plastic film is covered, and the water in the sand is continuously circulated, the evaporation capacity is little, only 1-2 times of water supplement are needed in one year, the water supplement quantity cannot be too much, and the plastic film can be removed to drain water when the humidity exceeds 55%.
In this embodiment, the length of the upper bottom of the trapezoidal plastic container in step b is 63cm, the width thereof is 43cm, the length of the lower bottom thereof is 53cm, the width thereof is 33cm, and the height thereof is 24 cm.
In this embodiment, the length, width and height of the polyethylene bottom sealing fungus bag in the step c are 40cm, 60cm and 6cm respectively.
In this embodiment, 1400 boxes are placed in each mu of the trapezoidal plastic containers for culturing the commodity ramie in the step g, and 8000 bags of the fungus bags can be placed in each mu.
In this embodiment, the tree species in step d uses long wood sections with a diameter of 2cm and a length of 10cm, and short wood sections with a diameter of 2cm and a length of 3 cm.
In this embodiment, the mixture ratio of the mixed sand in the step h is as follows: 5-ratio mixing, humidity 55%.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. A gastrodia elata paddy field irrigation cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. selecting an address; selecting paddy fields which are irrigated by mountain spring streams and can keep the water level of 12cm, and avoiding the paddy fields which can be flooded by water when mountain floods rise to water;
b. selecting and packaging containers; the containers are divided into two types:
container for planting commercial gastrodia elata: selecting a trapezoidal plastic container with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part;
the container for planting the self-used gastrodia elata: selecting a wood plate bamboo basket and sleeving a plastic film;
c. selecting a fungus bag, wherein a polyethylene bottom-sealed fungus bag is selected for producing sexual propagation seeds;
d. preparing a gastrodia elata material;
selecting tree species: selecting miscellaneous trees, waste materials sheared from whole branches of an orchard, miscellaneous trees and branches of a pine and fir forestation land, and selecting one or more of birch, poplar, willow and wild jujube trees and phoenix tree species;
selecting leaves: chinese chestnut leaves or Li mu leaves are used for standby, and miscellaneous wood chips are used for standby;
selecting river sand: selecting medium and small particles in natural river sand or cobble machine sand;
e. building a rain-proof shading shed; building a 2.5-meter high-rain-proof shading shed, building an arc-shaped shed, wherein the center shed roof is not closed, a 10-cm wide ventilation roof is reserved, shading objects are added on the shed, and the proportion of the shading part and the light transmission part of the shed roof is 7 after shading: 3;
f. culturing the bacteria in a shed; cultivating bacteria in a shed in a field between 11 months and 12 months in the lunar calendar, and reserving a human-shaped channel of 70 centimeters in each row of plastic containers for sowing, cultivating and field management;
g. culturing a fixed bacterial bed; spreading sand 1cm thick on the bottom of the plastic container, vertically placing the sawn log and the shoestring fungus strains on the bottom of the plastic container, leaving a gap between the fungus and the firewood, placing shoestring fungus strains in each box, one bag, two parts and two parts, if the bacteria transmission speed needs to be increased, more armillaria mellea can be put, the fungus firewood needs to be vertically placed, after the fungus firewood and the armillaria mellea are placed, the river sand is filled in gaps among all the fungus firewood, covering the surface and cross section of the fungus firewood, adjusting the humidity of the sand to 70% by using clear water, covering the sand, then a black plastic film with the same size as the opening at the top of the plastic container is covered, after the whole field is processed, putting well water to water depth of 2-14cm, keeping water temperature at 16-25 deg.C, and culturing in 3 months if sexual reproduction bags are cultured;
h. sowing the gastrodia elata; the method is divided into two types:
culturing commercial ramie in a vegetative propagation mode: after spring festival, selecting 3-6 g of white hemp and reasonably placing the white hemp on a fungus bed in a box, sowing 30-36 g of white hemp in each box, putting the white hemp in front of a white growth point of armillaria mellea if a large amount of armillaria mellea fungus mycelia grow out of the surface, facilitating combination of rhizoma gastrodiae and armillaria mellea as soon as possible, sowing mixed sand with the thickness of 10cm after planting, and covering a black plastic film after placing a breathable object on the surface;
sexual propagation and sowing: after the gastrodia elata fruits are molded, gastrodia elata seeds are mixed with germination bacteria at a temperature lower than 28 ℃ as soon as possible, the mixed germination bacteria are kept at a moisture keeping and low temperature, wherein the humidity is 55% and the temperature is 25 ℃, the gastrodia elata seeds are stored for 3-5 days, the gastrodia elata seeds are sowed into prepared fungus bags as soon as possible, when two layers of germination fungus leaves are sowed, cultured armillaria mellea fungus branches and wet Chinese chestnut leaves are preferably added between the two layers, so that more rhizomes are generated to be combined with protocorms, the yield is improved, mixed sand with a thickness of 10cm is covered after the gastrodia elata seeds are sowed, and a black plastic film is covered after a breathable object is placed on the surface of the mixed sand;
i. managing the field; to ensure that there is flowing well water in the field at all times, the depth of the water is taken care of to avoid letting water into the tanks or bags, generally the relative humidity of the space in the shelter is kept between 75% and 80% due to the presence of water in the field.
2. The irrigation cultivation method for the gastrodia elata in the paddy field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation cultivation method comprises the following steps: the length of the upper bottom of the trapezoidal plastic container in the step b is 63cm, the width of the trapezoidal plastic container is 43cm, the length of the lower bottom of the trapezoidal plastic container is 53cm, the width of the trapezoidal plastic container is 33cm, and the height of the trapezoidal plastic container is 24 cm.
3. The irrigation cultivation method for the gastrodia elata in the paddy field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation cultivation method comprises the following steps: the length, the width and the height of the polyethylene bottom sealing fungus bag in the step c are 40cm, 60cm and 6cm respectively.
4. The irrigation cultivation method for the gastrodia elata in the paddy field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation cultivation method comprises the following steps: and (g) 1400 boxes are placed in each mu of the commodity hemp culture trapezoidal plastic container in the step g, and 8000 bags can be placed in each mu of the fungus bags.
5. The irrigation cultivation method for the gastrodia elata in the paddy field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation cultivation method comprises the following steps: and d, using long wood sections with the diameter of 2cm and the length of 10cm and short wood sections with the diameter of 2cm and the length of 3cm for the tree seeds in the step d.
6. The irrigation cultivation method for the gastrodia elata in the paddy field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation cultivation method comprises the following steps: the mixed sand in the step h comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5-ratio mixing, humidity 55%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101185396A (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2008-05-28 | 大方县九龙天麻开发有限公司 | Gastrodia tuber imitative wild sexual reproduction breeding technique |
| CN102487716A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-13 | 大方县九龙天麻开发有限公司 | Gastrodiae elata planting method in primitive environment |
| CN105309142A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-02-10 | 新化县熠峰中药材种植专业合作社 | Sexual reproduction method of gastrodia elata |
| CN105660136A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-06-15 | 赵志鑫 | Cultivation method of Gastrodia elata Bl. |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR830001780B1 (en) * | 1981-03-07 | 1983-09-08 | 이웅호 | Artificial glowing method for gastrodia elata blume |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101185396A (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2008-05-28 | 大方县九龙天麻开发有限公司 | Gastrodia tuber imitative wild sexual reproduction breeding technique |
| CN102487716A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-13 | 大方县九龙天麻开发有限公司 | Gastrodiae elata planting method in primitive environment |
| CN105309142A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-02-10 | 新化县熠峰中药材种植专业合作社 | Sexual reproduction method of gastrodia elata |
| CN105660136A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-06-15 | 赵志鑫 | Cultivation method of Gastrodia elata Bl. |
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