CN108930576B - 用于机动车的排气装置以及相应的机动车 - Google Patents

用于机动车的排气装置以及相应的机动车 Download PDF

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CN108930576B
CN108930576B CN201810413117.0A CN201810413117A CN108930576B CN 108930576 B CN108930576 B CN 108930576B CN 201810413117 A CN201810413117 A CN 201810413117A CN 108930576 B CN108930576 B CN 108930576B
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exhaust
exhaust pipe
cross
heat accumulator
section
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CN108930576A (zh
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K·加格尔
T·霍夫曼
M·施特默
A·贝林格
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F01N5/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat the device being thermoelectric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
    • B60H1/18—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the air being heated from the plant exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
    • B60H1/18—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the air being heated from the plant exhaust gases
    • B60H1/20—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the air being heated from the plant exhaust gases using an intermediate heat-transferring medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K13/00—Arrangement in connection with combustion air intake or gas exhaust of propulsion units
    • B60K13/04—Arrangement in connection with combustion air intake or gas exhaust of propulsion units concerning exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/001—Gas flow channels or gas chambers being at least partly formed in the structural parts of the engine or machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1811—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1838—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1872—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly the assembly using stamp-formed parts or otherwise deformed sheet-metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/028—Control arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/10—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat accumulator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/08—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for preventing heat loss or temperature drop, using other means than layers of heat-insulating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
    • F01N2340/04—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the arrangement of an exhaust pipe, manifold or apparatus in relation to vehicle frame or particular vehicle parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/03—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device in case of low temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/04—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device during regeneration period, e.g. of particle filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/06—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device at cold starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/06—Tubes being formed by assembly of stamped or otherwise deformed sheet-metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/24—Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/11—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
    • F28D2020/0013—Particular heat storage apparatus the heat storage material being enclosed in elements attached to or integral with heat exchange conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F2013/005—Thermal joints
    • F28F2013/008—Variable conductance materials; Thermal switches
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车(1)的排气装置(2)，具有用于排出产生排气的装置的排气的排气管(3)。在此提出，存在沿以排气管(3)的纵向中轴线(6)为基准的周向方向至少部分地包围排气管(3)的蓄热器(5)，在排气管(3)与蓄热器(5)之间沿径向方向在蓄热器(5)的纵向延伸的至少一部分布置有横截面调节元件(7)以用于调节在排气管(3)与蓄热器(5)之间的贯穿横截面，其中横截面调节元件(7)具有包围排气管(3)的第一孔管(10)和包围第一孔管(10)的第二孔管(11)，其中第一孔管(10)和第二孔管(11)能相对彼此移动以用于调节贯穿横截面。

Description

用于机动车的排气装置以及相应的机动车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的排气装置，具有用于排出产生排气的装置的排气的排气管。本发明还涉及一种机动车。
背景技术
这种排气装置用于向周围环境的方向排出至少一个产生排气的装置的排气、特别是机动车的产生排气的动力设备的排气。为此排气装置具有排气管，该排气管一方面连接在产生排气的动力设备上，另一方面通向机动的周围环境中或者连接在通向周围环境的另外的排气管上。在利用排气装置排出的排气中包含热能，该热能大部分或甚至全部与排气一同释放到周围环境中。该热能相应也失去了在机动车内的进一步的应用。
从现有技术中例如已知文献DE 10 2013 215 507 A1。该文献涉及一种具有混合动力装置的车辆，该混合动力装置的动力电池在后座侧布置在车辆底板的下方，该车辆底板具有用于内燃机的排气装置的向下开口的中间通道。在此在动力电池的电池壳体中形成向下开口的纵向通路，该纵向通路朝向车辆后侧延长了中间通道，并通过纵向通路使排气装置进一步向后方延伸。
在从现有技术中还已知文献DE 10 2013 215 507 A1。该文献涉及一种具有混合动力装置的车辆，该混合动力装置的动力电池在后座侧布置在车辆底板部件的下方，该车辆底板具有用于内燃机的排气装置的向下开口的中间通道。在此在动力电池的电池壳体中形成向下开口的纵向通路，该纵向通路延长了通向车辆后侧的中间通道，并通过纵向通路使排气装置进一步向后方延伸。
最后文献DE 10 2014 2015 878 A1涉及一种具有至少一个排气涡轮增压机和至少一个排气后处理***的内燃机，其中至少一个排气后处理元件布置在排气涡轮增压机的涡轮机的上游。在此设有功率提供装置，该功率提供装置设置用于在内燃机的至少一个运行状态中为排气涡轮增压器提供附加的功率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种用于机动车的排气装置，该排气装置于与已知的排气装置相比具有如下优点，特别是能够实现灵活地使用排气中含有的热。
根据本发明通过根据本发明的用于机动车的排气装置实现上述目的。在此提出，设置沿以排气管的纵向中轴线为基准的周向方向至少局部包围排气管的蓄热器，并沿在排气管与蓄热器之间的径向方向在蓄热器的纵向延伸的至少一部分布置有横截面调节元件以用于调节排气管与蓄热器之间的贯穿横截面/通道横截面，其中横截面调节元件具有包围排气管的第一孔管和包围第一孔管的第二孔管，其中第一孔管和第二孔管可以相对彼此移动以用于调节贯穿横截面。
排气装置具有蓄热器，借助于该蓄热器可以暂存排气中含有的热量，随后该热量被提供给不同的应用目的使用。蓄热器沿以排气管的纵向中轴线为基准的周向方向至少部分地、但优选完全地包围排气管。蓄热器在此沿轴向方向沿着排气管在排气管的纵向延伸的至少一部分上延伸。
借助于横截面调节元件可以调节在排气管与蓄热器之间的贯穿横截面，并相应地可以调节从排气管到蓄热器上和/或从蓄热器到排气管上的热传递。排气管优选在蓄热器的区域中和/或在横截面调节元件的区域中特别是连续地设计为流体密封的，从而借助于横截面调节元件可以在排气管的不间断的外周部与蓄热器的内周部之间制造贯穿横截面，其中在释放的贯穿横截面、即贯穿横截面大于零时，在排气管与蓄热器之间主要通过热辐射和/或对流交换热量。热辐射和/或对流的程度、即热传递可借助于横截面调节元件调节。优选热量大部分、特别是仅仅或至少近似仅仅通过热辐射传递。
另选地还可以提出，排气管在蓄热器的区域中和/或在横截面调节元件的区域中具有至少一个排气穿通开口，从而在横截面调节元件的相应设置时，即在贯穿横截面大于零时，排气从排气管中通过该排气穿通开口流出并可以在向着蓄热器的内周部的方向流动或流动至蓄热器的内周部。随后排气可以通过所述排气穿通开口或另一排气穿通开口返回到排气管中。利用这种设计方案可以在排气与蓄热器之间改善热传递。但是还要采取附加措施，以防止排气从排气装置中流出。
横截面调节元件具有第一孔管和第二孔管。该第一孔管沿周向方向优选完全包围排气管，而第二孔管沿周向方向包围、优选完全地包围第一孔管。孔管理解为这样的管，该管具有至少一个穿通开口、即沿径向方向完全穿透孔管的管壁的开口。穿通开口可以具有任意的横截面形状。在孔管意义上的孔因此理解为具有任意横截面形状的通流开口。例如设有圆形、蛋圆形、方形或狭缝状或长孔状的横截面形状。
第一孔管和第二孔管都具有至少一个这种类型的穿通开口，优选分别具有多个这种类型的穿通开口。在此优选第一孔管的穿通开口分别对应于第二孔管的穿通开口，从而在两个孔管相对彼此的至少一个布置结构中两个穿通开口彼此对齐，从而至少部分地、优选完全地释放贯穿横截面。在两个孔管相对彼此的至少一个另外的位置中，两个穿通孔如此地布置，使得存在另外的贯穿横截面，特别是贯穿横截面为零，从而在排气管与蓄热器之间中断连接、特别是外表连接/光学连接/外观连接(optische verbindung)和/或流动连接。
这两个孔管、即第一孔管和第二孔管可以相对彼此移动以用于调节贯穿横截面。该移动原则上可以以任意方式实现，例如两个孔管可以沿以排气管的纵向中轴线或两个孔管中的至少一个的纵向中轴线为基准的轴向方向相对彼此移动。另选或附加地也可以设计为，两个孔管相对彼此沿周向方向移动，即两个孔管相对彼此转动。
第一孔管特别优选地以位置固定的方式布置，即相对于排气管固定。第二孔管可以相对于第一孔管并进而相对于排气管移动，以如此方式调节贯穿横截面。该横截面调节元件、特别是第一孔管和/或第二孔管例如具有导热性能小的材料，特别是具有比排气管的导热性能小的材料。
如果在排气通过排气管的主流动方向上在蓄热器的下游布置排气净化装置，则排气装置的这种设计方案是特别有利的。排气净化装置如此设计，使得该排气净化装置为了按规定运行必须具有确定的运行温度，该运行温度高于机动车的常见的环境温度。
在机动车或动力设备开始运行时，排气净化装置的温度通常小于其运行温度。为了能够快速地运行排气净化装置，重要的是，尽可能多地为排气净化装置输送排气中含有的热量。如果在蓄热器中没有暂存热量或至少暂存过少的热量，则借助于横截面调节元件将贯穿横截面调节到尽可能小的值，特别是为零，以便排气中含有的热量大部分被输送给排气净化装置而不输送或充其量小部分输送给蓄热器。
如果在蓄热器中已经暂存了足够热量，则可以使用这些热量来进一步加热来自动力设备的排气。为此调节横截面调节元件以释放排气管与蓄热器之间的贯穿横截面。如果排气净化装置达到其运行温度，则可以在任何情况下将排气中含有的热量的至少一部分暂存在蓄热器中。为此调节横截面调节元件以用于至少部分地释放贯穿横截面。
本发明的改进方案提出，在蓄热器中布置至少一个热交换管道。该热交换管道用于为蓄热器蓄热和/或使蓄热器散热。优选提出，为蓄热器加载包含在排气中的热量，该热量随后借助于热交换管道或位于该热交换管道中的流体从蓄热器中输出。
通过热交换管道为热消耗器输送热量，特别是为机动车的客舱暖气输送热量。这种设计方案特别设置在插电式混合动力机动车中，其中经常以电运行客舱暖气。但是这种方式减小了机动车的续航里程。因此为了增大续航里程重要的是，客舱暖气所需的热量的至少一部分从蓄热器中获得。
本发明的改进方案提出，在蓄热器中存在蓄热器介质。该蓄热器介质用于暂存热量。该蓄热器介质例如是在蓄热器的壳体中存在的流体，其中该流体可以以任意的聚集态存在。
本发明的另一优选的设计方案提出，蓄热器介质是潜热蓄热器介质。该潜热蓄热器介质以所谓的相变材料的形式存在。为了暂存热量使用潜热蓄热器介质的热力学的状态变化的焓。
本发明的另一设计方案提出，热交换管道贯穿蓄热器介质。至少在横截面中观察，热交器管道优选与蓄热器壳体的壁部间隔开地布置，从而也在横截面中观察，热交换管道沿周部方向完全地被蓄热器介质包围。通过热交换管道的这种布置结构在蓄热器介质与热交换管道或在热交换管道中存在的流体之间实现特别好的热传递。
本发明的另一优选的设计方案提出，蓄热器具有空心圆柱状的蓄热器壳体。就是说，蓄热器在横截面中观察是环形的并沿周向方向完全地包围排气管道。蓄热器在横截面中观察既在外侧又在内侧分别被蓄热器壳体的圆形的壁部限定。这种设计方案实现了蓄热器的特别节省空间的布置结构。
本发明的另一实施形式提出，沿径向方向存在于排气管与蓄热器之间的流体腔被抽真空或能被抽真空。该流体腔沿径向方向观察可以存在于排气管与第一孔管之间或存在于第二孔管与蓄热器之间。通过对流体腔抽真空可以特别进一步降低以对流方式的热交换，特别是与借助于横截面调节元件将贯穿横截面调节为零的方式相比更进一步。通过对流体腔抽真空使蓄热器在对流式的热传递方面与排气管至少很大程度上或甚至完全地热解耦。为了对流体腔抽真空在该流体腔上连接如下装置，特别是真空制造装置，借助与该真空制造装置可以对流体腔抽真空。
另选地可以提出，流体腔永久地被抽真空。在这种设计方案中，如果贯穿横截面至少部分地被释放并因此不为零，则热传递绝大部分地、即完全地或至少近似完全地通过热辐射进行。如果贯穿横截面为零，则在排气管与蓄热器之间中断外观连接，完全地或至少近似完全地中断热传递，这是因为从排气管直至蓄热器的对流方式的热传递很大程度上或甚至完全中断。
永久地对流体腔抽真空的设计方案实现了排气管与蓄热器相对彼此的特别有效的热隔绝。流体腔可以是永久流体密封的。例如对流体腔一次性地抽真空并随后以流体密封的方式封闭。流体腔另选地也可以连接在真空制造装置上并由该真空制造装置对流体腔永久地抽真空。
最后在本发明的另一设计方案的范围中提出，流体腔在流动技术上通过调节阀连接在真空源/负压源上。对这种设计方案已经作了说明。真空源因此是对流体腔抽真空的装置。真空源通过调节阀连接在流体腔上。在调节阀的第一切换位置中流体腔在流动技术方面与真空源分离，而在第二切换位置中在流体腔与真空源之间建立流动连接。因此在第二切换位置中流体腔被施加由真空源提供的真空。
优选流体腔通过另外的调节阀连接至排气装置的周围环境或压力源上。在另外的调节阀的第一切换位置上流体腔与周围环境或压力源在流动技术方面解耦，而在第二切换位置中流体腔与周围环境或压力源流动连接。在第二切换位置中，流体可以从周围环境或从压力源流入流体腔中，从而在流体腔中至少近似地设定环境压力或由压力源提供的压力。
本发明还涉及一种机动车，该机动车具有用于暂存电能的蓄能器和排气装置、特别是根据上述实施方式所述的排气装置，其中排气装置具有排气管以用于排出排气产生装置的排气。在此提出，存在沿以排气管的纵向中轴线为基准的周向方向至少部分地包围排气管的蓄热器，沿排气管与蓄热器之间的径向方向在蓄热器的纵向延伸的至少一部分范围上布置横截面调节元件以用于调节排气管与蓄热器之间的贯穿横截面，其中横截面调节元件具有包围排气管的第一孔管和包围第一孔管的第二孔管，其中第一孔管和第二孔管可以相对彼此移动以用于调节贯穿横截面。
机动车或排气装置的这种设计方案的优点已经说明。机动车和机动车的排气装置可以根据上述实施形式改进，从而可以参照上述实施形式。
本发明的另一实施形式提出，蓄热器包围排气管的与蓄能器重叠的区域中。蓄热器用于使蓄能器与排气管热隔离或用于使蓄能器与排气管热学解耦。以这种方式可以使蓄能器直接布置在排气管的周围环境中，而不会导致蓄能器受到流过排气管的排气的热量的热作用。
例如排气管沿轴向方向观察位于至少一个与蓄能器重叠的区域中。在该区域中还布置了蓄热器。蓄热器特别优选地沿以排气管的纵向中轴线为基准的轴向方向观察在该整个区域上延伸，特别是蓄热器至少在单侧、特别是在两侧都在这个区域上延伸。例如可以提出，蓄热器在外侧贴靠在蓄能器上。在这种情况下可以提出，蓄热器在其外周部上具有隔热层，至少在蓄热器贴靠在蓄能器的区域中具有隔热层。
附图说明
下面根据在附图中示出的实施例详细说明本发明，但不限制本发明。
在此示出：
图1示出机动车的示意图，该机动车具有用于暂存电能的蓄能器和排气装置，
图2示出排气装置区域的示意性纵向剖面图，以及
图3示出排气装置区域的示意性横向剖面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出机动车1的示意图，该机动车具有产生排气的装置1′、特别是在此未示出的动力设备，以及具有排气装置2。排气装置2用于排出在产生排气的装置1′或动力设备的运行期间产生的排气。排气装置2具有排气管3，该排气管沿机动车1的纵向方向至少局部地穿过机动车延伸。通常机动车1从沿机动车1的主行驶方向布置在前方的动力设备延伸至机动车1的沿主行驶方向位于后方的尾部。在机动车1的尾部处，排气通过尾管从排气装置2中出来。
机动车1还具有用于暂存电能的蓄能器4。暂存在蓄能器4中的电能用于例如运行另外的动力设备、即电机。优选机动车1的包括所述动力设备和另外的动力设备的驱动装置被设计为混合动力驱动装置，该混合动力驱动装置包括产生排气的动力设备和电机。
为了使排气管3与蓄能器4彼此隔热，在排气管3和蓄能器4沿以排气管3的纵向中轴线为基准的轴向方向彼此存在重叠的区域中设置蓄热器5，该蓄热器沿以排气管3的纵向中轴线为基准的周向方向至少部分地、优选完全地包围排气管3。排气管3在被蓄热器5包围的区域中优选完全是直的，即具有直的纵向中轴线。
图2示出排气装置2的区域的示意性剖面图，其中可看到排气管3以及蓄热器5。还可以看到，在以排气管3的纵向中轴线6为基准的径向方向上在排气管3与蓄能器4之间布置横截面调节元件7，该横截面调节元件用于在排气管3与蓄能器4之间、特别是在排气管3的外周部8与蓄能器4的内周部9之间设定确定的贯穿横截面。
横截面调节元件7具有第一孔管10和第二孔管11。孔管10和11中的每个都具有多个贯穿孔12以及13，对这些贯穿孔仅分别示出其中几个。两个孔管10和11可以为了调节期望的贯穿横截面相对彼此移动，特别是沿以纵向中轴线6为基准的轴向方相和/或周向方向。第一孔管10在此例如静止地相对于排气管3布置，而第二孔管11可以相对于第一孔管10并进而相对于排气管3移动。当然相反的实施形式也是可以实现的。
在蓄热器5中布置至少一个热交换管道14，其中示出管接头15。通过热交换管道14可以引导流体，以便从蓄热器15中带走热量或向蓄热器15输送热量。例如流动技术方面在热交换管道14上连接在此未示出的流体输送装置，该流体输送装置用于输送流体通过热交换管道14。
图3示出排气装置2区域的示意性横向剖面图。可以看到，热交换管道14多重穿过蓄热器5或在蓄热器5中布置多个这种热交换管道14。还可以看到，蓄能器4在横截面中是圆的，并因此环形地包围排气管3。
可以提出，沿径向方向存在于排气管3与蓄热器5之间的流体腔16能被抽真空或永久地被抽真空。为此在第一种情况下，流体腔16优选连接在真空源上，特别是通过调节阀连接在真空源上。通过对流体腔16抽真空使蓄热器5与排气管3在通过对流方式传递的热量方面最大程度地热解耦，从而特别好地实现隔热或在释放贯穿横截面时最大程度地通过或仅仅通过热辐射进行热传递。用作真空源的例如是动力设备、特别是实施为内燃机的动力设备。另选地也可以设置真空泵作为真空源。热交换管道14例如在穿流过排气管3的排气引入过多热量到蓄热器5中的情况下用于冷却蓄热器5。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于机动车(1)的排气装置(2)，具有用于排出产生排气的装置的排气的排气管(3)，其特征在于，存在沿以排气管(3)的纵向中轴线(6)为基准的周向方向至少部分地包围排气管(3)的蓄热器(5)，在排气管(3)与蓄热器(5)之间沿径向方向在蓄热器(5)的纵向延伸的至少一部分布置有横截面调节元件(7)以用于调节在排气管(3)与蓄热器(5)之间的贯穿横截面，其中横截面调节元件(7)具有包围排气管(3)的第一孔管(10)和包围第一孔管(10)的第二孔管(11)，其中第一孔管(10)和第二孔管(11)能相对彼此移动以用于调节贯穿横截面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的排气装置，其特征在于，在蓄热器(5)中布置热交换管道(14)。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的排气装置，其特征在于，在蓄热器(5)中存在蓄热器介质。
4.根据权利要求3所述的排气装置，其特征在于，蓄热器介质是潜热蓄热器介质。
5.根据权利要求3所述的排气装置，其特征在于，热交换管道(14)穿过蓄热器介质。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的排气装置，其特征在于，蓄热器(5)具有空心圆柱状的蓄热器壳体。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的排气装置，其特征在于，在排气管(3)与蓄热器(5)之间沿径向方向存在的流体腔(16)能被抽真空。
8.根据权利要求7所述的排气装置，其特征在于，流体腔(16)在流动技术方面通过调节阀连接在真空源上。
9.一种具有用于暂存电能的蓄能器(4)以及排气装置(2)的机动车(1)，其中，排气装置(2)具有用于排出产生排气的装置的排气的排气管(3)，其特征在于，存在沿以排气管(3)的纵向中轴线(6)为基准的周向方向至少部分地包围排气管(3)的蓄热器(5)，在排气管(3)与蓄热器(5)之间沿径向方向在蓄热器(5)的纵向延伸的至少一部分布置有横截面调节元件(7)以用于调节在排气管(3)与蓄热器(5)之间的贯穿横截面，其中横截面调节元件(7)具有包围排气管(3)的第一孔管(10)和包围第一孔管(10)的第二孔管(11)，其中第一孔管(10)和第二孔管(11)能相对彼此移动以用于调节贯穿横截面。
10.根据权利要求9所述的机动车，其特征在于，蓄热器(5)包围排气管(3)的与蓄能器(4)重叠的区域。
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