CN108929103A - 一种以氰化尾渣为原料的发泡陶瓷保温材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种以氰化尾渣为原料的发泡陶瓷保温材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical group [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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Abstract
本发明属于冶金废渣回收技术领域,尤其涉及一种以氰化尾渣为原料的发泡陶瓷保温材料及其制备方法。本发明以氰化尾渣为主要原料,外掺稳泡剂、辅助原料和发泡剂,经混合、干燥、高温发泡等工序,制得发泡陶瓷墙体材料;不仅消化了大量固体废渣,且制备的发泡陶瓷材料具有轻质、高强、耐腐蚀、抗老化等特点,是一种保温、防水、防火、耐腐蚀、抗老化的新型隔热保温墙体材料。本发明的发泡陶瓷主要用于外墙保温、自保温墙体材料,还可用于室内隔墙、屋顶的隔热防水层等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冶金废渣回收技术领域,尤其涉及一种以氰化尾渣为原料的 发泡陶瓷保温材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
氰化尾渣是黄金冶炼过程中氰化提金工艺中产生的含碱性、剧毒氰根离 子和重金属成分的终端多金属废渣,成分见下表:
*[注]:Au、Ag单位g/t。
在黄金选冶的众多方法和工艺中,氰化法浸取提金是世界黄金选冶的主 要方法。氰化法提金工艺自1887年应用以来,由于回收率高、对矿石适应 性强、工艺操作简单、成本低、避免金矿运输损失等优点而被广泛应用,截 至2001年世界上80%的新建金矿都采用氰化法提金。我国2009年黄金产量 是313.9吨,连续三年位列世界第一产金国。在我国,氰化法以其操作简单, 费用低以及良好的矿物选择性被广泛应用于黄金生产中。但是,氰化法的缺 点也显而易见,剧毒氰化物的使用导致提金尾渣中含有CN-严重超标,简单 堆存势必污染土壤和地下水。氰化法提金过程产生大量氰化尾渣,粒度极细、 粘度大、泥化现象严重、矿物组成复杂,除含低品位Au、Ag外,还含有一 定量的Fe、S、Cu、Pb、Zn、Sb、As、S i等有价元素和剧毒CN-以及残余污 染药剂,是一种量大面广、高污染但综合利用价值较高的冶金废渣。
氰化尾渣的现有处理方式是简单堆存或填埋,大量有价元素被浪费。经 过多元素回收处理的氰化尾渣虽然还含有大量低品位硫铁元素(一般含硫 20-30%,含铁20-30%),但是却因为经过多道工序处理,其泥化现象加剧, 粒度变细(-400目含量大于90%),含水量高达20%,粘性加大,压滤困难, 含有剧毒CN-以及残余污染药剂,直接作为固废排放存在严重的环境隐患。 细粒矿物自发聚集效应和大量CN-的存在对硫铁元素可浮性的抑制作用,给 富集分离硫铁元素带来很大的困难。国内某些黄金企业简单的利用这种氰化 尾渣沸腾焙烧制酸,由于原料含水量大,粘性高,只得通过原始的“晒矿” 方式才能满足入炉原料要求,加之原料品位波动大,一方面引发制酸***运 行稳定性差、余热利用率低和生产效率低,另一方面制酸烧渣的含铁品位在 30-40%,无法作为炼铁原料直接使用,只能作为水泥原料,消化量十分有 限,产品附加值低,这些红色铁渣只能堆弃、堆存,经济效益较差。另外, 废渣中宝贵的的金、银、铜等资源也完全浪费。因此研发一种对含有大量硫、 铁、金资源的氰化尾渣进行高附加值利用的方法具有十分深远的意义和价 值。
目前,轻质陶瓷多以优质页岩为主要原料,制备过程为原料湿法混合球 磨——混合均匀料浆喷雾干燥——生料压制成型——入窑烧成,且以天然气 为燃料,导致轻质陶瓷生产成本高,阻碍其在建筑行业的推广应用。而发泡 陶瓷是一种具有大量闭气孔的多孔陶瓷,且具有防水、不燃、导热系数小、 抗压强度高、耐化学腐蚀、热稳定性好等优良特性。
因此,本发明提供一种以氰化尾渣为原料的发泡陶瓷保温材料及其制备 方法。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术存在的不足,提供一种以氰化尾渣为原料的发 泡陶瓷保温材料及其制备方法,减少其对环境的污染,提高利用价值。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一种以氰化尾渣为原料的发 泡陶瓷保温材料,其特征在于,其组分按重量百分比计包括,氰化尾渣 60-80%、稳泡剂4-10%、辅助原料8-35.9%和发泡剂0.1-2.0%。
其中,所述的氰化尾渣的含水率超过25wt%,细度低于250目;
所述的稳泡剂为氧化镁、菱镁矿或滑石粉;
所述的辅助原料为铝矾土、高岭土、煤矸石或粉煤灰中的一种或两种以 上混合;
所述的发泡剂为碳化硅、炭黑或金属铝粉中的一种或两种以上混合。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种以氰化尾渣为原料的发泡陶瓷保温 材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将稳泡剂、辅助原料和发泡剂分别通过球磨机粉磨至250目以下;
(2)取氰化尾渣和步骤(1)粉磨好的稳泡剂、辅助原料、发泡剂,按 照氰化尾渣60-80%、稳泡剂4-10%、辅助原料8-35.9%和发泡剂0.1-2.0%的 重量百分比混合,投入泥浆搅拌池进行搅拌,混合均匀,形成泥浆;
(3)将步骤(2)的混合泥浆采用喷雾干燥塔进行干燥,得到干粉料;
(4)将步骤(3)的干粉料装入模框内,送入窑炉,升温至1150-1190℃, 保温1-2h,经冷却退火后,制得发泡陶瓷保温材料。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明以氰化尾渣为主要原料,外掺稳泡剂、辅 助原料和发泡剂,经混合、干燥、高温发泡等工序,制得发泡陶瓷墙体材料; 不仅消化了大量固体废渣,且制备的发泡陶瓷材料具有轻质、高强、耐腐蚀、 抗老化等特点,是一种保温、防水、防火、耐腐蚀、抗老化的新型隔热保温 墙体材料。本发明的发泡陶瓷主要用于外墙保温、自保温墙体材料,还可用 于室内隔墙、屋顶的隔热防水层等领域。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步,步骤(2)中,搅拌时间为12-48h;控制泥浆的水分为33-40wt%。
进一步,步骤(4)中,所述的模框为内壁涂有脱模剂的耐火材料。
更进一步,所述的脱模剂为氧化铝粉;所述的耐火材料为耐火度不低于 1400℃的耐火材料。
进一步,步骤(4)中,所述的窑炉为隧道窑、辊道窑或梭式窑。
进一步,步骤(4)中,升温过程为:以200-400℃/h的速率升温至1000℃, 再以20-50℃/h的速率升温至1050℃,最后以200-400℃/h的速率升温至发 泡温度1150-1190℃。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本 发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种含有氰化尾渣的发泡陶瓷保温材料,其组分按重量百分比计包括, 氰化尾渣60%、稳泡剂氧化镁4%、辅助原料铝矾土35%和发泡剂碳化硅1.0%。
上述含有氰化尾渣的发泡陶瓷保温材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将稳泡剂氧化镁、辅助原料铝矾土和发泡剂碳化硅分别通过球磨 机粉磨至250目以下;
(2)取氰化尾渣和步骤(1)粉磨好的稳泡剂氧化镁、辅助原料铝矾土、 发泡剂碳化硅,按照氰化尾渣60%、稳泡剂氧化镁4%、辅助原料铝矾土35% 和发泡剂碳化硅1.0%的重量百分比混合,投入泥浆搅拌池进行搅拌,混合均 匀,形成泥浆;
(3)将步骤(2)的混合泥浆采用喷雾干燥塔进行干燥,得到干粉料;
(4)将步骤(3)的干粉料装入模框内,送入窑炉,升温至1150℃,保 温2h,经冷却退火后,制得发泡陶瓷保温材料,性能测试见表1。
实施例2
一种含有氰化尾渣的发泡陶瓷保温材料,其组分按重量百分比计包括, 氰化尾渣80%、稳泡剂菱镁矿9.9%、辅助原料煤矸石10%和发泡剂金属铝粉 0.1%。
上述含有氰化尾渣的发泡陶瓷保温材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将稳泡剂菱镁矿、辅助原料煤矸石和发泡剂金属铝粉分别通过球 磨机粉磨至250目以下;
(2)取氰化尾渣和步骤(1)粉磨好的稳泡剂菱镁矿、辅助原料煤矸石、 发泡剂金属铝粉,按照氰化尾渣80%、稳泡剂菱镁矿9.9%、辅助原料煤矸石 10%和发泡剂金属铝粉0.1%的重量百分比混合,投入泥浆搅拌池进行搅拌, 混合均匀,形成泥浆;
(3)将步骤(2)的混合泥浆采用喷雾干燥塔进行干燥,得到干粉料;
(4)将步骤(3)的干粉料装入模框内,送入窑炉,升温至1160℃,保 温1.5h,经冷却退火后,制得发泡陶瓷保温材料,性能测试见表1。
实施例3
一种含有氰化尾渣的发泡陶瓷保温材料,其组分按重量百分比计包括, 氰化尾渣70%、稳泡剂滑石粉5%、辅助原料高岭土10%、辅助原料粉煤灰13%、 发泡剂碳化硅1.0%和发泡剂碳化硅炭黑1.0%。
上述含有氰化尾渣的发泡陶瓷保温材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将稳泡剂滑石粉、辅助原料高岭土、辅助原料粉煤灰、发泡剂碳 化硅和发泡剂碳化硅炭黑分别通过球磨机粉磨至250目以下;
(2)取氰化尾渣和步骤(1)粉磨好的稳泡剂滑石粉、辅助原料高岭土、 辅助原料粉煤灰、发泡剂碳化硅、发泡剂碳化硅炭黑,按照氰化尾渣70%、 稳泡剂滑石粉5%、辅助原料高岭土10%、辅助原料粉煤灰13%、发泡剂碳化 硅1.0%和发泡剂碳化硅炭黑1.0%的重量百分比混合,投入泥浆搅拌池进行 搅拌,混合均匀,形成泥浆;
(3)将步骤(2)的混合泥浆采用喷雾干燥塔进行干燥,得到干粉料;
(4)将步骤(3)的干粉料装入模框内,送入窑炉,升温至1190℃,保 温1.0h,经冷却退火后,制得发泡陶瓷保温材料,性能测试见表1。
表1
由表1可以看出,本发明的发泡陶瓷保温材料具有质量轻、强度高、保 温性能好、吸水率低等优点。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明 的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发 明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种以氰化尾渣为原料的发泡陶瓷保温材料,其特征在于,其组分按重量百分比计包括,氰化尾渣60-80%、稳泡剂4-10%、辅助原料8-35.9%和发泡剂0.1-2.0%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发泡陶瓷保温材料,其特征在于,所述的氰化尾渣的含水率超过25wt%,细度低于250目;
所述的稳泡剂为氧化镁、菱镁矿或滑石粉;
所述的辅助原料为铝矾土、高岭土、煤矸石或粉煤灰中的一种或两种以上混合;
所述的发泡剂为碳化硅、炭黑或金属铝粉中的一种或两种以上混合。
3.一种权利要求1所述以氰化尾渣为原料的发泡陶瓷保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将稳泡剂、辅助原料和发泡剂分别通过球磨机粉磨至250目以下;
(2)取氰化尾渣和步骤(1)粉磨好的稳泡剂、辅助原料、发泡剂,按照氰化尾渣60-80%、稳泡剂4-10%、辅助原料8-35.9%和发泡剂0.1-2.0%的重量百分比混合,投入泥浆搅拌池进行搅拌,混合均匀,形成泥浆;
(3)将步骤(2)的混合泥浆采用喷雾干燥塔进行干燥,得到干粉料;
(4)将步骤(3)的干粉料装入模框内,送入窑炉,升温至1150-1190℃,保温1-2h,经冷却退火后,制得发泡陶瓷保温材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,搅拌时间为12-48h;控制泥浆的水分为33-40wt%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述的模框为内壁涂有脱模剂的耐火材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的脱模剂为氧化铝粉;所述的耐火材料为耐火度不低于1400℃的耐火材料。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述的窑炉为隧道窑、辊道窑或梭式窑。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,升温过程为:以200-400℃/h的速率升温至1000℃,再以20-50℃/h的速率升温至1050℃,最后以200-400℃/h的速率升温至发泡温度1150-1190℃。
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