CN108926862B - Light solvent recovery device in hazardous waste treatment field, skid-mounted structure thereof and light solvent recovery method - Google Patents
Light solvent recovery device in hazardous waste treatment field, skid-mounted structure thereof and light solvent recovery method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108926862B CN108926862B CN201811149906.4A CN201811149906A CN108926862B CN 108926862 B CN108926862 B CN 108926862B CN 201811149906 A CN201811149906 A CN 201811149906A CN 108926862 B CN108926862 B CN 108926862B
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- rectifying tower
- rectifying
- phase
- light solvent
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- -1 i.e. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene hexane Natural products CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
- B01D3/143—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column by two or more of a fractionation, separation or rectification step
- B01D3/146—Multiple effect distillation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
- B01D3/32—Other features of fractionating columns ; Constructional details of fractionating columns not provided for in groups B01D3/16 - B01D3/30
Abstract
The invention provides a light solvent recovery device, a skid-mounted structure and a method thereof in the field of hazardous waste treatment, wherein the recovery device comprises a rectifying tower, a rectifying tower feed port is connected with a rectifying kettle, a tower top gas phase outlet is connected with a condenser, a condenser outlet is respectively connected with a reflux ratio controller and a phase separator, one outlet of the reflux ratio controller is connected with a rectifying tower liquid phase reflux inlet, the other outlet is respectively connected with a product collecting tank and a transitional fraction collecting tank, one outlet of the phase separator is connected with a reflux liquid collecting tank, the other outlet is connected with a waste receiving tank, the reflux liquid collecting tank is connected with a rectifying tower liquid phase reflux inlet, the rectifying tower liquid phase outlet is connected with the rectifying kettle, the rectifying kettle outlet is connected with the rectifying tower gas phase reflux inlet, and the rectifying kettle liquid phase outlet is connected with a buffer device. The device can separate and recycle different light solvents from waste liquid with different sources and different compositions by one set of device, and the skid-mounted structure of the recycling device is convenient to mount, dismount and move, has concentrated equipment arrangement and small occupied area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment, and particularly relates to a light solvent recovery device, a skid-mounted structure and a light solvent recovery method in the field of hazardous waste treatment.
Background
Hazardous waste, i.e., hazardous waste, refers to waste listed in the national hazardous waste list or having hazardous characteristics identified according to the national hazardous waste identification standards and methods, and in industrial production, a large amount of hazardous waste, including solid waste and liquid waste, is often generated, the liquid waste is mainly waste liquid discharged from industry, and the waste liquid often contains a large amount of liquid which can be used as a solvent, and the solvent has usable value, and if the solvent is directly disposed of as waste, the waste of resources is wasted, and the waste must be recycled. According to the different sources of waste liquid, the main recoverable solvents contained in the waste liquid are different, the existing liquid impurities to be separated are different, the solvent recovery devices in the prior art are designed aiming at the same waste liquid source, the recoverable solvents in the waste liquid and the existing liquid impurities are all fixed, the solvent recovery devices are also aiming at the waste liquid for treating the fixed combination, and once the waste liquid source is changed, the recovered solvents are changed or other components are added in the waste liquid, so that the solvent recovery devices are not applicable any more.
The light solvent generally refers to a soluble or slightly soluble solvent with a boiling point of 100-150 ℃, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, butanone, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, methylene dichloride, hexane and the like, which are solvents commonly used in chemical engineering, can be recycled, so that resources can be greatly saved, and separation conditions can be adjusted by a similar method to separate and recycle due to the fact that the boiling point, density, viscosity and the like of the light solvent are relatively similar, but a device for separating and recycling different light solvents from waste liquid with different sources and different compositions can be omitted in the prior art.
In addition, the solvent recovery processing device in the hazardous waste in the prior art is installed at a fixed position, various devices are installed and connected, disassembly and assembly are very inconvenient, waste liquid is required to be conveyed to a fixed place for treatment when the waste liquid is treated, operation is very inconvenient, and the devices in the device are scattered in installation and occupy a large area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of providing a light solvent recovery device, a skid-mounted structure and a light solvent recovery method in the dangerous waste treatment field, different light solvents can be separated and recovered from waste liquid with different sources and different compositions by using one set of device, and the device is convenient to install, detach and move, centralized in equipment arrangement and small in occupied area.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a light solvent recovery unit in danger useless processing field, including the rectifying column, the top gaseous phase export of rectifying column is connected with the entry linkage of condenser, the export of condenser is connected with reflux ratio controlling means's entry and phase separation device's entry respectively through first three-way reversing valve, reflux ratio controlling means's export is connected with the liquid phase reflux entry of rectifying column, reflux ratio controlling means's another export is connected with product collection device and transition fraction collection device respectively through the second three-way reversing valve, phase separation device's export is connected with reflux liquid collection device, reflux liquid collection device is connected with the liquid phase reflux entry of rectifying column, phase separation device's another export is connected with first waste material receiving arrangement, rectifying column's bottom liquid phase export is connected with rectifying still entry, rectifying still's gaseous phase export is connected with rectifying column's gaseous phase reflux entry, rectifying still's liquid phase export is connected with buffer.
In the technical scheme, preferably, the outlet of the buffer device is also connected with a distillation device, the discharge port of the distillation device is connected with a second waste receiving device, and the steam outlet of the distillation device is connected with the feed inlet of the rectifying still.
The invention further aims to provide a skid-mounted structure of the light solvent recovery device in the dangerous waste treatment field, which comprises a plurality of layers of skid-mounted frames, wherein the layers of skid-mounted frames are detachably spliced, the rectifying tower comprises an upper end socket, a lower end socket and a plurality of tower sections, the upper end socket, the lower end socket and the tower sections are detachably connected, and the upper end socket, the lower end socket, the tower sections, the condenser, the reflux ratio control device, the phase splitting device, the product collecting device, the transition fraction collecting device, the reflux liquid collecting device, the first waste receiving device, the rectifying still and the buffer device are arranged on the skid-mounted frames.
In the technical scheme, preferably, the skid-mounted structure comprises a first layer skid-mounted frame, a second layer skid-mounted frame, a plurality of middle layer skid-mounted frames and a bottom layer skid-mounted frame from top to bottom, the tower section comprises a first tower section, a second tower section, a plurality of middle tower sections and a bottom tower section from top to bottom, the upper end enclosure, the first tower section and the condenser are arranged on the first layer skid-mounted frame, the second tower section and the reflux ratio control device are arranged on the second layer skid-mounted frame, the middle tower section is arranged on the middle layer skid-mounted frame, and the bottom tower section, the lower end enclosure and the rectifying still are arranged on the bottom layer skid-mounted frame.
In the technical scheme, preferably, the outlet of the buffer device is also connected with a distillation device, the discharge port of the distillation device is connected with a second waste receiving device, the steam outlet of the distillation device is connected with the feed inlet of the rectifying still, and the distillation device and the second waste receiving device are arranged on the skid-mounted frame.
In the technical scheme, the device preferably further comprises a catcher, a gas phase outlet of the condenser is connected with an inlet of the catcher, an outlet of the catcher is connected with an outlet of the condenser in parallel and then connected with an interface of the first three-way reversing valve, and the catcher is arranged on the skid-mounted frame.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for recovering a light solvent in the field of hazardous waste treatment, characterized by: comprising the following steps:
firstly, conveying liquid to be treated into a rectifying still, heating and gasifying, and then separating in the rectifying tower;
secondly, if the component which is azeotropy and insoluble or slightly soluble with the light solvent exists in the liquid to be treated, condensing the gas phase azeotrope at the top of the rectifying tower, then sending the gas phase azeotrope into a phase splitting device for phase splitting to obtain a light solvent phase and an azeotropy component phase, fully refluxing the light solvent phase into the rectifying tower, sending the liquid phase at the bottom of the rectifying tower into the rectifying still, refluxing one part of the liquid phase to the rectifying tower after gasification, and extracting the other part of the liquid phase; if the component azeotroped with the light solvent does not exist in the liquid to be treated or the component azeotroped with the light solvent is mutually dissolved with the light solvent, the second step is not carried out, and the third step is directly carried out;
and thirdly, when the azeotrope of the light solvent does not exist in the gas phase at the top of the rectifying tower, one part of the gas phase at the top of the rectifying tower is condensed and then flows back to the rectifying tower, and the other part of the gas phase is extracted to obtain the light solvent.
In the technical scheme, preferably, the method further comprises the step of distilling the liquid phase extracted from the tower bottom of the rectifying tower after the second step, and delivering the steam obtained by distillation to the rectifying tower, gasifying and then separating again in the rectifying tower.
In the technical scheme, preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: when the temperature of the top of the rectifying tower changes to the boiling point far away from the light solvent, the gas phase of the top of the rectifying tower is condensed to obtain a transition fraction, one part of the transition fraction is used as the feed of the rectifying tower, the other part of the transition fraction is extracted and sent to a rectifying still, and the transition fraction enters the rectifying tower for re-separation after being gasified.
In the technical scheme, preferably, the condensation of the top gas phase of the rectifying tower comprises: the overhead gas phase is passed to a condenser to obtain a first condensate and a non-condensed gas phase, and the non-condensed gas phase is passed to a trap to obtain a second condensate.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the light solvent recovery device in the dangerous waste treatment field can recover and separate the light solvent in the liquid dangerous waste, thereby realizing the purpose of saving resources;
2. the device can treat liquid hazardous waste containing different sources and different compositions of different types of light solvents by using one set of device, separate out heavy components and water in the liquid hazardous waste, and recycle various light solvents in the liquid hazardous waste, thereby having wide application, avoiding the construction of a plurality of sets of equipment, having less equipment investment and convenient treatment;
3. the skid-mounted structure of the device can be installed in a factory, and all the skid-mounted blocks can be disassembled and moved when moving only by butt joint assembly on site, so that the device is flexible and convenient to build, disassemble and move, the construction period of site installation and debugging is shortened, and the inconvenience that equipment cannot be easily moved once installed is avoided;
4. there is multilayer sled dress frame in the sled dress structure, and concentrated installation on each equipment vertical direction, equipment is arranged compactly, effectively utilizes equipment installation space, reduces equipment area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a light solvent recovery device in the field of hazardous waste treatment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a skid-mounted structure of a light solvent recovery device in the field of hazardous waste disposal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a skid-mounted structure of a light solvent recovery device in the field of hazardous waste disposal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a skid-mounted rack in a skid-mounted structure of a light solvent recovery device in the field of hazardous waste treatment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a connecting pin in a skid-mounted structure of a light solvent recovery device in the field of hazardous waste treatment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. rectifying column 2, condenser 3, three-way reversing valve
4. Reflux ratio control device 5, phase splitting device 6 and three-way reversing valve
7. Product collecting device 8, transition fraction collecting device 9, and reflux liquid collecting device
10. Waste receiving device 11, rectifying still 12 and buffer device
13. Distillation device 14, waste receiving device 15, catcher
16. Cooling device 17, skid-mounted frame 18 and upper seal head
19. Lower head 20, tower section 21 and first layer skid-mounted frame
22. Second tier skid 23, middle tier skid 24, and bottom tier skid
25. First tower section 26, second tower section 27, intermediate tower section
28. Bottom tower section 29, skid-mounted bottom plate 30 and side bars
31. Bottom enclosing rod 32, top enclosing rod 33 and connecting pin
34. Screw hole 35, screw hole
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the accompanying drawings:
light solvents as used herein refer to soluble or sparingly soluble organic solvents having a boiling point between 100-150 ℃ and include, but are not limited to, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, butanone, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, hexane.
As shown in fig. 1, the light solvent recovery device in the hazardous waste treatment field according to this embodiment includes a rectifying tower 1, a feed inlet of the rectifying tower 1 is connected with a gas phase outlet of a rectifying still 11, a top gas phase outlet of the rectifying tower 1 is connected with an inlet of a condenser 2, an outlet of the condenser 2 is connected with an inlet of a reflux ratio control device 4 and an inlet of a phase splitting device 5 respectively through a three-way reversing valve 3, an outlet of the reflux ratio control device 4 is connected with a liquid phase reflux inlet of the rectifying tower 1, another outlet of the reflux ratio control device 4 is connected with a product collecting device 7 and a transition fraction collecting device 8 respectively through a three-way reversing valve 6, an outlet of a phase splitting device 5 is connected with a reflux liquid collecting device 9, the reflux liquid collecting device 9 is connected with a liquid phase reflux inlet of the rectifying tower 1, another outlet of the phase splitting device 5 is connected with a waste receiving device 10, a bottom liquid phase outlet of the rectifying still 1 is connected with an inlet of the rectifying still 11, a gas phase outlet of the rectifying still 11 is connected with a gas phase reflux inlet of the rectifying tower 1, and a liquid phase outlet of the rectifying still 11 is connected with a buffer device 12. The dangerous waste liquid to be treated is conveyed into a rectifying still 11 through a feed pump, heated and gasified in the rectifying still 11 and then conveyed into a rectifying tower 1 for rectifying separation, if the waste liquid to be treated contains liquid azeotropy with the light solvent to be recovered, and the azeotropy component and the light solvent are not mutually soluble or slightly soluble, for example, the light solvent is dichloromethane and hexane, the azeotropy component is water, at the beginning of treatment, the top gas phase of the rectifying tower 1 is condensed through a condenser 2, a three-way reversing valve 3 is regulated to enable condensate to enter a phase splitting device 5 for phase splitting, the phase of the azeotropy component is separated and is collected in a waste receiving device 10, the light solvent phase is conveyed into the rectifying tower 1 through a reflux pump for full reflux operation until no azeotropy component exists in the top gas phase, at the moment, the light solvent mainly needs to be separated in the top of the rectifying tower is regulated to enable condensate of the top gas phase to enter a reflux ratio control device 4, the reflux ratio is regulated by the reflux ratio control device 4, partial reflux operation is carried out, and the light solvent product is discharged into a product collecting device 7; if the liquid azeotropy with the light solvent does not exist in the waste liquid to be treated, the three-way reversing valve 3 is regulated to enable condensate in the gas phase at the top of the tower to enter the reflux ratio control device 4 for partial reflux operation, so that the light solvent can be directly extracted; if the waste liquid to be treated contains components which are azeotropic with and mutually soluble in the light solvent, the three-way reversing valve 3 is regulated to enable condensate in the gas phase at the top of the tower to enter the reflux ratio control device 4 for carrying out partial reflux operation, so that azeotrope with constant proportion can be extracted. Most of the liquid in the bottom of the rectifying tower 1 is heavy component with boiling point higher than that of the light solvent, but part of the light solvent still exists, and the liquid in the bottom of the rectifying tower is introduced into the rectifying tower 11, one part of the liquid flows back into the rectifying tower 1, and the other part of the liquid is extracted into the buffer device 12. The partial reflux operation of the rectifying tower extracts the light component until the temperature change of the top of the rectifying tower deviates from the boiling point of the light solvent to be recovered, which means that the light component in the rectifying tower is separated completely, and the three-way reversing valve 6 is adjusted to collect the extracted transition fraction into the transition fraction collecting device 8 because the light component extracted from the top of the rectifying tower is not the light solvent meeting the purity requirement.
The light solvent recovery device can treat liquid hazardous wastes containing different types of light solvents and different sources and different compositions by using one set of device, and can recover and separate the useful light solvents, so that the light solvent recovery device has wide application range, avoids setting up a plurality of sets of equipment, has less equipment investment and is convenient to recover and treat.
The reflux ratio control device 4 can be a commonly used reflux ratio controller of various types and models, the phase splitting device 5 can be a phase splitter, the three-way reversing valves 3 and 6 can be manual reversing valves, electromagnetic valves or electric valves can also be used, and the product collecting device, the transition fraction collecting device, the reflux liquid collecting device, the waste receiving device and the like can be realized by using corresponding tank bodies.
According to the preferred technical scheme, the outlet of the buffer device 12 is also connected with a distillation device 13, the discharge port of the distillation device 13 is connected with a waste receiving device 14, and the steam outlet of the distillation device 13 is connected with the feed inlet of the rectifying still 11. The liquid phase of the tower kettle, which is collected by the buffer device 12 and contains a large part of heavy components and a small part of light solvents, is sent to the distillation device 13 for distillation separation, a great amount of light solvent components are contained in the distillation generated steam, the distilled steam is sent to the distillation kettle 11 and enters the distillation tower 1 together with the feed for distillation separation, and the heavy components remained after distillation are collected in the waste receiving device 14. So that the extracted components of the tower kettle can be further separated, part of the light solvent is recovered, and the recovery rate and the separation efficiency of the device on the light solvent are improved. The distillation apparatus 13 may be a distillation still, and the waste receiving apparatus 14 may be a waste receiving tank.
In a preferred technical scheme, the outlet of the transition fraction collecting device 8 is connected with the feed inlet of the rectifying still 11. Because part of the light solvent still exists in the transition fraction, the transition fraction finally generated in the treatment process and the transported dangerous liquid waste to be separated are taken as feed materials to be sent to a rectifying tower for rectifying separation, so that the transition fraction is reused, the light solvent in the transition fraction is effectively recovered, and the recovery rate and the separation efficiency of the light solvent are further improved.
The preferable technical scheme also comprises a catcher 15, wherein the gas phase outlet of the condenser 2 is connected with the inlet of the catcher 15, and the outlet of the catcher 15 is connected with one interface of the three-way reversing valve 3 after being connected with the outlet of the condenser 2 in parallel. Because the condensation efficiency of the condenser 2 is limited, some gases which are difficult to condense still exist after the gases are condensed by the condenser, the gases which are accumulated in the condenser and cannot be condensed in a short time can not be collected, a catcher 15 is additionally arranged behind the condenser, and the gases which still exist after the condensation of the catcher are converted into liquid, so that the condensation efficiency of the device is greatly improved.
According to the preferred technical scheme, a cooling device 16 is further arranged between the reflux ratio control device 4 and the three-way reversing valve 6, and the cooling device can further cool the light solvent product extracted from the rectifying tower so as to facilitate storage of the light solvent product.
The invention further aims to provide a skid-mounted structure based on the light solvent recovery device in the dangerous waste treatment field, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the skid-mounted structure comprises a plurality of layers of skid-mounted frames 17, the layers of skid-mounted frames 17 are vertically or horizontally arranged and detachably spliced, the rectifying tower 1 comprises an upper end enclosure 18, a lower end enclosure 19 and a plurality of tower sections 20, the upper end enclosure 18, the lower end enclosure 19 and the tower sections 20 are detachably connected, and the upper end enclosure 18, the lower end enclosure 19, the tower sections 20, the condenser 2, the reflux ratio control device 4, the phase splitting device 5, the product collecting device 7, the transition fraction collecting device 8, the reflux liquid collecting device 9, the waste receiving device 10, the rectifying still 11 and the buffer device 12 are respectively arranged on the same or different skid-mounted frames 17, and the mounting positions of the skid-mounted frames and the buffer device 12 on the skid-mounted frames can be adjusted according to respective connection relations. Namely, after each device is installed on each skid-mounted frame 17, all devices on the same skid-mounted frame are connected according to the connection mode, so that one skid block is formed, the skid-mounted frames are detachably connected with each other, all the devices on the skid blocks are connected according to the connection mode, and the upper end enclosure 18, each tower section 20 and the lower end enclosure 19 of the rectifying tower are sequentially connected, so that all the skid blocks are connected, and an integral skid-mounted structure is formed.
According to the skid-mounted structure, all devices involved in the device are mounted on different skid-mounted frames in a distributed manner to form a plurality of skid blocks, the skid blocks are detachably connected, the structure on each skid block can be mounted in a factory, the skid blocks are only required to be spliced in a butt joint manner on site, and can be detached and moved when the skid blocks need to be moved, the device is flexible and convenient to build, detach and move, the construction period of site mounting and debugging is shortened, and the inconvenience that the device cannot be easily moved once being mounted is avoided; because of the multilayer skid-mounted frame in the skid-mounted structure, all the devices are intensively mounted in the vertical direction, the devices are compactly distributed, the device mounting space is effectively utilized, and the occupied area of the devices is reduced.
Wherein, as shown in fig. 4, 5, every layer of skid-mounted frame 17 includes skid-mounted bottom plate 29, side lever 30, bottom enclose pole 31, top enclose pole 32, bottom enclose pole 31 enclose on locating the edge of skid-mounted bottom plate 29, generally 4 connecting rods enclose square, top enclose pole 32 also is 4 and connects and enclose square, side lever 30 is 4 in general, perpendicular to skid-mounted bottom plate 29 sets up, the one end of side lever 30 is connected with four summit of skid-mounted bottom plate 29 respectively, the other end is connected with four summit of top enclose pole 32, the connected mode between the adjacent two-layer skid-mounted frame is: the side bars 30 of the skid-mounted frames of the two adjacent layers are hollow structures, the connecting pins 33 are arranged in the hollow structures of the side bars of the two adjacent layers, screw holes 34 are respectively formed at two ends of the connecting pins 33, screw holes 35 are respectively formed in positions, opposite to the screw holes 34 at two ends, of the connecting pins 33 on the side bars 30 of the skid-mounted frames of the two adjacent layers, of the connecting pins 33, and the side bars 30 of the skid-mounted frames of the upper and lower layers are connected through bolts. When the skid-mounted structure is detached, the bolts on the outer sides of the side rods 30 are detached, then the connecting pins 33 are detached, two adjacent layers of skid-mounted frames can be detached, and holes on the connecting pins are aligned with holes on the side rods during mounting, and the skid-mounted structure is fixed through bolts and convenient to detach and mount.
In the technical scheme, preferably, the skid-mounted structure comprises a first layer skid-mounted frame 21, a second layer skid-mounted frame 22, a plurality of middle layer skid-mounted frames 23 and a bottom layer skid-mounted frame 24 from top to bottom, a tower section 20 of the rectifying tower 1 comprises a first tower section 25, a second tower section 26, a plurality of middle tower sections 27 and a bottom tower section 28 from top to bottom, an upper seal head 18, the first tower section 25 and a condenser 2 are arranged on the first layer skid-mounted frame 21, the second tower section 26 and a reflux ratio control device 4 are arranged on the second layer skid-mounted frame 22, the middle tower section 27 is arranged on the middle layer skid-mounted frame 23, and the bottom tower section 28, the lower seal head 19 and the rectifying kettle 11 are arranged on the bottom layer skid-mounted frame 24. The layers of skid-mounted frames are detachably connected, and the tower sections are detachably connected.
For example, the skid-mounted structure can be formed by 5 layers of skid-mounted frames, an upper sealing head 18 is mounted on the first layer of skid-mounted frame 21, a first tower section 25 of the rectifying tower and a condenser 2 are connected with the upper sealing head 18 and the first tower section 25 through flanges, an inlet of the condenser 2 is connected with a gas phase outlet on the upper sealing head 18 through pipelines to form a first skid block, a second tower section 26 of the rectifying tower and a reflux ratio controller are mounted on the second layer of skid-mounted frame 22, an outlet of the reflux ratio controller is connected with a reflux inlet on the second tower section 26 through pipelines to form a second skid block, then the first tower section 25 is connected with the second tower section 26 through flanges, a third tower section and a fourth tower section of the rectifying tower are mounted on the third layer of skid-mounted frame 22 respectively, and the fifth layer of skid-mounted frame are connected with a fifth tower section 19 through flanges, and the fifth tower section 19 are connected with the fifth tower section 11 by other tank structures such as a split-phase tank, a product collecting tank, a transition fraction collecting tank and the like, and the fifth tower section of the fifth layer of skid-mounted frame, and the fifth layer of skid-mounted frame are connected with the fifth tower section 19 through flanges, and the fifth tower section 19.
In the technical scheme, preferably, the outlet of the buffer device 12 in the skid-mounted structure is also connected with a distillation device 13, the discharge port of the distillation device 13 is connected with a waste receiving device 14, the steam outlet of the distillation device 13 is connected with the feed inlet of the rectifying still 11, and the distillation device 13 and the waste receiving device 14 are arranged on the skid-mounted frame. The distillation apparatus 13 and the waste receiving apparatus 14 may be provided on a floor skid.
In the technical scheme, the novel three-way reversing valve is preferable, the novel three-way reversing valve further comprises a catcher 15, the catcher 15 can be arranged on any layer of skid, the catcher 15 is preferably arranged on a first layer of skid frame because the catcher 15 is connected with the condenser 2, a gas phase outlet of the condenser 2 is connected with an inlet of the catcher 15, and an outlet of the catcher 15 is connected with an interface of the three-way reversing valve 3 after being connected with an outlet of the condenser 2 in parallel.
In the technical scheme, preferably, the phase splitting device 5, the product collecting device 7, the transition fraction collecting device 8, the reflux liquid collecting device 9, the waste receiving device 10 and the buffer device 12 are arranged on the middle layer skid-mounted frame.
The light solvent recovery device in the hazardous waste treatment field can recover and separate the light solvents in the liquid hazardous waste to achieve the aim of saving resources, and the device can treat the liquid hazardous waste containing different sources and different compositions of different types of light solvents by using one set of device to separate out heavy components and water in the liquid hazardous waste and recover various light solvents in the liquid hazardous waste, so that the device is wide in application, avoids building a plurality of sets of equipment, and has less equipment investment and convenient treatment; the skid-mounted structure of the device can be installed in a factory, and all the skid-mounted blocks can be disassembled and moved when moving only by butt joint assembly on site, so that the device is flexible and convenient to build, disassemble and move, the construction period of site installation and debugging is shortened, and the inconvenience that equipment cannot be easily moved once installed is avoided; there is multilayer sled dress frame in the sled dress structure, and concentrated installation on each equipment vertical direction, equipment is arranged compactly, effectively utilizes equipment installation space, reduces equipment area.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for recovering a light solvent in the field of hazardous waste treatment, which can be implemented using the light solvent recovery device or a skid-mounted structure of the light solvent recovery device, comprising:
firstly, conveying liquid to be treated into a rectifying still, heating and gasifying, and then separating in the rectifying tower;
secondly, if the component which is azeotropy and insoluble or slightly soluble with the light solvent exists in the liquid to be treated, condensing the gas phase azeotrope at the top of the rectifying tower, then sending the gas phase azeotrope into a phase splitting device for phase splitting to obtain a light solvent phase and an azeotropy component phase, fully refluxing the light solvent phase into the rectifying tower, sending the liquid phase at the bottom of the rectifying tower into a rectifying still, refluxing the liquid phase to the rectifying tower after part of the liquid phase is gasified, and extracting the liquid phase from the other part of the liquid phase; when the liquid dangerous waste to be treated comprises a light solvent, a heavy component with a higher boiling point and a component which is azeotropic with the light solvent and is insoluble in the light solvent, for example, the light solvent is hexane, methylene dichloride and the like, and the azeotropic component is water, wherein water is possibly azeotroped with the light solvent with a boiling point close to the light solvent during rectification and cannot be separated, so that the light component separated by the rectification tower is condensed and then sent into a phase separator, the light solvent is separated from the azeotropic component water according to the property that the water is insoluble in the light solvent, and the phase containing the light solvent is totally refluxed into the rectification tower for rectification operation, so that the water is continuously separated from the mixture; if the component azeotroped with the light solvent does not exist in the liquid to be treated or the component azeotroped with the light solvent is mutually dissolved with the light solvent, the second step is not carried out, and the third step is directly carried out;
and thirdly, after separating and treating for a period of time in the second step, when the azeotrope of the light solvent does not exist in the gas phase at the top of the rectifying tower or the component azeotropy with the light solvent does not exist in the liquid to be treated originally, one part of the gas phase at the top of the rectifying tower is refluxed to the rectifying tower after being condensed, and the other part of the gas phase is extracted, and the extracted gas phase is the light solvent. If the to-be-treated liquid contains the component which is azeotropy and mutual solubility with the light solvent, the gas phase at the top of the rectifying tower is partially refluxed to the rectifying tower after being condensed, and the azeotrope with constant proportion composed of the light solvent and the azeotropic component is produced.
In the technical scheme, preferably, the method further comprises the step of distilling the liquid phase extracted from the tower bottom of the rectifying tower after the second step, and delivering the steam obtained by distillation to the rectifying tower, gasifying and then separating again in the rectifying tower. And part of light solvent is also present in the extraction of the tower bottom of the rectifying tower except for heavy components, the light solvent is further distilled and separated, and steam generated by distillation and the feeding of the rectifying tower are sent into the rectifying tower for separation, so that the recovery rate and the separation efficiency of the light solvent in hazardous waste are improved.
In the technical scheme, preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: when the temperature of the top of the rectifying tower changes to the boiling point far away from the light solvent, the gas phase of the top of the rectifying tower is condensed to obtain a transition fraction, one part of the transition fraction is used as the feed of the rectifying tower, the other part of the transition fraction is extracted and sent to a rectifying still, and the transition fraction enters the rectifying tower for re-separation after being gasified. When the light solvent is separated from the feed in the rectifying tower by partial reflux operation and the temperature of the top of the rectifying tower starts to deviate from the boiling point of the light solvent, the light solvent which is not completely separated at the moment is indicated, and the transition fraction which is extracted at the moment is collected and is taken as the feed of the rectifying tower to be further separated together with the subsequent feed.
In the technical scheme, preferably, the condensation of the top gas phase of the rectifying tower comprises: the overhead gas phase is passed to a condenser to obtain a first condensate and a non-condensed gas phase, and the non-condensed gas phase is passed to a trap to obtain a second condensate. The trap can further trap the uncondensed gas phase after passing through the condenser into liquid, so that the condensation efficiency of the equipment is improved.
The recovery method of the light solvent in the hazardous waste field of the invention is further described below with reference to several examples:
example 1
The liquid hazardous waste to be treated mainly contains 40% of hexane, 1% of heavy component and 59% of water.
Firstly, conveying liquid to be treated into a rectifying still, gradually heating the temperature of the tower still from 40 ℃ to 120 ℃, heating and gasifying dangerous waste of the liquid to be treated, then separating the dangerous waste into the rectifying still, and forming a basically constant concentration gradient and a basically constant temperature gradient in the rectifying still after total reflux is stable;
condensing the gas extracted from the top of the rectifying tower through a condenser and a catcher, sending the condensed gas into a phase-splitting tank for phase splitting, collecting a heavy phase water phase after phase splitting through the phase-splitting tank into a waste liquid collecting tank, sending light phase hexane into a reflux tank, fully refluxing the light phase hexane into the rectifying tower through a reflux pump, sending a tower kettle liquid phase of the rectifying tower into a rectifying still, refluxing a part of the gasified gas into the rectifying tower, sending the other part of the gasified gas into a buffer tank, sending the buffer tank into a distilling still through a discharging pump for distillation operation, wherein the distillation temperature is 120 ℃, distilling for 3 hours, further separating the distilled generated steam as a feed of the rectifying tower, and sending the heavy phase into a waste receiving tank;
and thirdly, when water does not exist in the gas phase at the top of the rectifying tower, adjusting a three-way reversing valve, controlling one part of the gas phase at the top of the rectifying tower to flow back to the rectifying tower through a reflux ratio controller after being condensed, and collecting the other part of the gas phase to a product tank, sequentially collecting transition fraction (the temperature of the top of the tower is 65 ℃) and hexane product (the temperature of the top of the tower is 68 ℃), cooling, and sequentially collecting the transition fraction and the subsequent feed to form the feed of the rectifying tower.
Example two
The liquid hazardous waste to be treated mainly contains 55% of dichloromethane, 1% of heavy components and 44% of water.
Firstly, conveying liquid to be treated into a rectifying still, gradually heating the temperature of the tower still from 40 ℃ to 120 ℃, heating and gasifying dangerous waste of the liquid to be treated, then separating the dangerous waste into the rectifying still, and forming a basically constant concentration gradient and a basically constant temperature gradient in the rectifying still after total reflux is stable;
condensing the gas extracted from the top of the rectifying tower through a condenser and a catcher, sending the condensed gas into a phase-splitting tank for phase splitting, collecting a heavy phase water phase after phase splitting through the phase-splitting tank into a waste liquid collecting tank, sending light phase methylene dichloride into a reflux tank, fully refluxing the light phase methylene dichloride into the rectifying tower through a reflux pump, sending a tower kettle liquid phase of the rectifying tower into a rectifying still, refluxing a part of gasified gas into the rectifying tower, and sending the other part of gasified gas into a buffer tank, sending the buffer tank into a distilling still through a discharging pump for distillation operation, wherein the distillation temperature is 120 ℃, distilling for 3 hours, further separating the distilled generated steam as a feeding material of the rectifying tower, and sending the heavy phase into a waste receiving tank;
and thirdly, when water does not exist in the gas phase at the top of the rectifying tower, adjusting a three-way reversing valve, controlling one part of the gas phase at the top of the rectifying tower to flow back to the rectifying tower through a reflux ratio controller after being condensed, and collecting the other part of the gas phase to a product tank, sequentially collecting transition fraction (the temperature of the top of the rectifying tower is 38.5 ℃) and hexane product (the temperature of the top of the rectifying tower is 39.5 ℃), and sequentially collecting the transition fraction and hexane product to corresponding receiving tanks through cooling, wherein liquid in the transition fraction collecting tank and subsequent feed are used as feed of the rectifying tower together.
The foregoing describes several embodiments of the present invention in detail, but the description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for recovering light solvent in the field of hazardous waste treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the light solvent recovery device in the dangerous waste treatment field comprises a rectifying tower, wherein a top gas phase outlet of the rectifying tower is connected with an inlet of a condenser, an outlet of the condenser is respectively connected with an inlet of a reflux ratio control device and an inlet of a phase splitting device through a first three-way reversing valve, one outlet of the reflux ratio control device is connected with a liquid phase reflux inlet of the rectifying tower, the other outlet of the reflux ratio control device is respectively connected with a product collecting device and a transitional fraction collecting device through a second three-way reversing valve, one outlet of the phase splitting device is connected with a reflux liquid collecting device, the reflux liquid collecting device is connected with a liquid phase reflux inlet of the rectifying tower, the other outlet of the phase splitting device is connected with a first waste receiving device, a bottom liquid phase outlet of the rectifying tower is connected with a rectifying kettle inlet, a gas phase outlet of the rectifying kettle is connected with the gas phase reflux inlet of the rectifying tower, and a liquid phase outlet of the rectifying kettle is connected with a buffer device;
the rectifying tower comprises an upper end socket, a lower end socket and a plurality of tower sections, wherein the upper end socket, the lower end socket, the tower sections, the condenser, the reflux ratio control device, the phase splitting device, the product collecting device, the transition fraction collecting device, the reflux liquid collecting device, the first waste receiving device, the rectifying still and the buffer device are arranged on the skid-mounted frame;
the outlet of the buffer device is also connected with a distillation device, the discharge port of the distillation device is connected with a second waste receiving device, the steam outlet of the distillation device is connected with the feed inlet of the rectifying still, and the distillation device and the second waste receiving device are arranged on the skid-mounted frame;
the gas phase outlet of the condenser is connected with the inlet of the catcher, the outlet of the catcher is connected with the outlet of the condenser in parallel and then connected with one interface of the first three-way reversing valve, and the catcher is arranged on the skid-mounted frame;
the specific recovery steps comprise:
firstly, conveying liquid to be treated into a rectifying still, heating and gasifying, and then separating in the rectifying tower;
secondly, if the component which is azeotropy and insoluble or slightly soluble with the light solvent exists in the liquid to be treated, condensing the gas phase azeotrope at the top of the rectifying tower, then sending the gas phase azeotrope into a phase splitting device for phase splitting to obtain a light solvent phase and an azeotropy component phase, fully refluxing the light solvent phase into the rectifying tower, sending the liquid phase at the bottom of the rectifying tower into the rectifying still, refluxing one part of the liquid phase to the rectifying tower after gasification, and extracting the other part of the liquid phase; if the component azeotroped with the light solvent does not exist in the liquid to be treated or the component azeotroped with the light solvent is mutually dissolved with the light solvent, the second step is not carried out, and the third step is directly carried out;
thirdly, when the azeotrope of the light solvent does not exist in the gas phase at the top of the rectifying tower, one part of the gas phase at the top of the rectifying tower is condensed and then flows back to the rectifying tower, and the other part of the gas phase is extracted to obtain the light solvent;
the light solvent comprises one or more of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, butanone, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dichloromethane and hexane;
if the liquid azeotroped with the light solvent to be recovered exists in the waste liquid to be treated, and the azeotropic component and the light solvent are not mutually or slightly dissolved, at the beginning of treatment, condensing the top gas phase of the rectifying tower through a condenser, regulating a three-way reversing valve to enable condensate to enter a phase splitting device for phase splitting, separating the phase where the azeotropic component is located, collecting the phase in a waste receiving device, conveying the light solvent phase to the rectifying tower through a reflux pump for full reflux operation until the azeotropic component does not exist in the top gas phase, at the moment, mainly separating the light solvent in the top of the rectifying tower, regulating the three-way reversing valve to enable condensate of the top gas phase to enter a reflux ratio control device, regulating the reflux ratio through the reflux ratio control device, refluxing the condensate to the rectifying tower, carrying out partial reflux operation, and extracting the light solvent product to a product collecting device; if the liquid azeotropy with the light solvent does not exist in the waste liquid to be treated, the three-way reversing valve is regulated to enable condensate in the gas phase at the top of the tower to enter the reflux ratio control device for partial reflux operation, so that the light solvent can be directly extracted; if the waste liquid to be treated contains components which are azeotropic with and mutually soluble in the light solvent, adjusting the three-way reversing valve to enable condensate in the gas phase at the top of the tower to enter the reflux ratio control device for partial reflux operation, so that azeotrope with constant proportion can be extracted; most of the tower bottom liquid of the rectifying tower is heavy components with boiling point higher than that of the light solvent, but part of the light solvent still exists, the tower bottom liquid is introduced into the rectifying tower, one part of the tower bottom liquid flows back into the rectifying tower, and the other part of the tower bottom liquid is extracted into the buffer device; and (3) extracting the light components by partial reflux operation of the rectifying tower until the temperature change of the top of the rectifying tower deviates from the boiling point of the light solvent to be recovered, which indicates that the light components in the rectifying tower are separated completely, and the three-way reversing valve is adjusted to collect the extracted transition fraction into the transition fraction collecting device because the light components extracted from the top of the rectifying tower are not the light solvent meeting the purity requirement.
2. The method for recovering light solvent in the field of hazardous waste treatment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the utility model discloses a skid-mounted structure, including first layer skid-mounted frame, second floor skid-mounted frame, a plurality of intermediate level skid-mounted frame and bottom skid-mounted frame from top to bottom, the tower festival is from top to bottom including first tower festival, second tower festival, a plurality of intermediate level tower festival and bottom tower festival, the upper head first tower festival with the condenser is located on the first layer skid-mounted frame, the second tower festival with reflux ratio controlling means locates on the second floor skid-mounted frame, the intermediate level tower festival is located on the intermediate level skid-mounted frame, the bottom tower festival with the rectifying still is located on the bottom skid-mounted frame.
3. The method for recovering light solvent in the field of hazardous waste treatment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the method further comprises the step of distilling the liquid phase extracted from the tower bottom of the rectifying tower after the second step, and delivering the steam obtained by distillation to the rectifying tower, and then, introducing the steam into the rectifying tower for re-separation after gasification.
4. A method for recovering light solvent in the field of hazardous waste treatment according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: further comprising, after the third step: when the temperature of the top of the rectifying tower changes to be far away from the boiling point of the light solvent, the gas phase of the top of the rectifying tower is condensed to obtain a transition fraction, one part of the transition fraction is used as the feed of the rectifying tower, the other part of the transition fraction is extracted and sent to the rectifying still, and the transition fraction enters the rectifying tower for re-separation after being gasified.
5. The method for recovering light solvent in the field of hazardous waste treatment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: condensing the overhead vapor phase of the rectification column comprises: introducing the overhead gas phase into a condenser to obtain a first condensate and an uncondensed gas phase, and then introducing the uncondensed gas phase into a catcher to obtain a second condensate.
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