CN108923032A - With the ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method of modified metal oxide - Google Patents
With the ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method of modified metal oxide Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ternary cathode material of lithium ion batteries and preparation method with modified oxide, it weighs lithium source, nickel cobalt manganese source, metal oxide precursor and progress ball milling disperses to obtain slurry in ball grinder together with dispersing agent, then it is uniformly mixed to be placed in drying box and dry, then it is ground to powder, it is placed in oxygen atmosphere and is sintered again, finally by product cooled to room temperature, obtained target product LiNi is pulverized and sievedxCoyMnzO2/ metal oxide.The present invention successfully synthesizes the nickel-cobalt-manganternary ternary anode material of conductive metal oxide modification using fabricated in situ and calcine technology, separate tertiary cathode material and electrolyte machinery, reduce the side reaction of material and electrolyte, the dissolution of less metal ion, it is this simultaneously to modify the collapsing for reducing positive electrode material structure in charging process repeatedly, optimize chemical property, the stable circulation performance, thermodynamic stability of positive electrode, conductivity and tap density are improved, synthesis technology is simple, cost is relatively low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to anode material for lithium-ion batteries and preparation method, especially a kind of lithium ion with modified oxide
Battery tertiary cathode material and preparation method.
Background technique
With the continuous aggravation of global energy and environmental crisis, the impetus that new energy is explored by each scientific research institution of the world is constantly sent out
Ferment, wherein lithium ion battery is paid close attention to its unique excellent performance by people as new cleaning fuel.Lithium ion battery
Have many advantages, such as that voltage is high, specific energy is big, pollution-free, memory-less effect and service life are long, has been widely used in small portable
Electronics (mobile phone, digital camera and laptop etc.), while replacing as petroleum and traditional fossil energy
For the energy, large-scale application is also started on electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle, application prospect is very extensive.
A hundred flowers blossom under the background in epoch for lithium ion battery, in the lithium ion battery industry process promoted rapidly,
The material of lithium battery is the key link of battery manufacture, and lithium battery material can be divided into positive and negative anodes main material, diaphragm, electrolyte
Deng, wherein positive electrode be manufacture lithium battery one of soul material, occupy lithium battery cost ca.30%, electrical property is direct
Affect the indices of lithium battery.
Anode material of lithium battery mostly uses LiCoO in production at present2And LiFePO4.However LiCoO2It is expensive, and Co
For rare heavy metal resources, and it is more toxic, and safety is poor；And LiFePO4Theoretical specific capacity is low, and high-temperature behavior is poor, phosphorus
Although sour iron lithium cycle performance is excellent, its lower specific capacity also starts to limit its development, is currently used primarily in low side number
Class product.In the urgent research of people, a kind of theoretical specific capacity is high, the de- grain husk of the more rich lithium battery novel anode material of resource
And go out, it is expected to replace current anode material of lithium battery, which has ternary layered structure by three kinds of transition metal members
Plain (M=Mn, Ni, Co) forms (LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2), since it is more than the specific energy of 250mAh/g, becoming the next generation just
Pole material attracts extensive concern.LiNCM(LiNi1-x-yMnxCoyO2) it is that the novel transition metal containing nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary element is embedding
Oxidate for lithium composite material, structure and LiCoO2Similar and α-NaFeO2Type structure, wherein Mn ion does not have activity, only
Skeleton function is played in material structure, is+4 valence states in compound, and Ni is+divalent, and Co is+trivalent, therefore without distortion effect
(Jahn-Teller effect) is answered, is not in α-NaFeO in charge and discharge process2Type layer structure is to spinelle LiMn2O4Structure
Transformation, maintains α-NaFeO2Type structure has α-NaFeO2The higher advantage of type layer structure specific capacity.The another material in addition to
It has a clear superiority in specific capacity outer, on production cost nor often with advantageous.Due to its specific capacity with higher, relatively
Preferable cycle performance, it is considered to be the main positive electrode of power battery from now on, especially nickelic nickel cobalt manganese or nickel cobalt aluminium
Material, the specific capacity of superelevation, it is considered to be the first choice of lithium battery on passenger car.
But this new material is not without disadvantage, there is also certain drawbacks for ternary material：Irreversible appearance for the first time
Amount is big；Conductivity is lower；Stable circulation performance and high rate performance under high/low temperature and high blanking voltage is poor；Separately because of nickelic ternary material
Expect that Ni content in surface is higher, surface residual alkali is higher to lead to pH higher, therefore the condition of demand is opposite in lithium battery manufacturing process
Harshness, battery performance expected from nickelic ternary material cannot be reached by causing domestic battery enterprise to be limited to this, also make nickelic ternary material
Material cannot be promoted and applied widely at home.
Currently, there are many research in terms of improving and improving the chemical property of lithium battery tertiary cathode material, such as
Cladding, ion doping, even of particle etc., these methods are all to improve lithium battery tertiary cathode material electrochemistry
The effective ways of energy.But cladding and particle nanosizing can reduce the tap density of ternary material to a certain extent, to drop
The energy density of low positive electrode, so that its energy in practical application decreases.In addition ion doping is often also and wraps
The raising realized together to positive electrode chemical property both is covered, is not able to satisfy actual needs only by ion doping.
In recent years, some reports about modified oxide or cladding ternary material show that modified oxide etc. can also be mentioned effectively
The charge-discharge performance and high rate performance of high material, but the oxide generally reported is non-conductive oxide or semiconductor oxide
Object, such processing can cause adverse effect to positive electrode surely, the main electronic conductivity etc. for influencing positive electrode.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention：In view of the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium ion batteries with modified oxide
Tertiary cathode material and preparation method, to improve cycle performance, specific capacity and the material tap density of positive electrode.
Technical solution：A kind of ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery with modified oxide, be by lithium source, nickel cobalt manganese source,
What metal oxide precursor was prepared as a raw material, chemical formula LiNixCoyMnzO2/WO2Or LiNixCoyMnzO2/
MoO2；The lithium source is lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate, and the nickel cobalt manganese source is nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide, including high nickel content, low
The nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide of nickel content, the metal oxide precursor are WO2Presoma or MoO2Presoma.
A kind of above-mentioned ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery preparation method with modified oxide, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Weigh lithium source, nickel cobalt manganese source, metal oxide precursor, and together with dispersing agent in ball grinder into
Row ball milling disperses to obtain slurry, and Ball-milling Time is 2~4h；The metal oxide precursor is WO2Presoma or MoO2Forerunner
Body, the lithium source, nickel cobalt manganese source are by Li: the molar ratio of (NCM) weighs for 1.01~1.04, and the metal oxide precursor is pressed
Mass percentage of its metal oxide in target product weighs；
Step 2：The resulting slurry of step 1 is uniformly mixed to be placed in drying box and is dried, being then ground to partial size is 2
~6 μm of powder, drying box temperature are 60~80 DEG C, and drying time is 6~10h；
Step 3：The resulting powder of step 2 is placed in oxygen atmosphere with 700~850 DEG C of 6~18h of sintering；
Step 4：By the resulting product cooled to room temperature of step 3, obtained target product is then pulverized and sieved
LiNixCoyMnzO2/ metal oxide.
Further, in step 1, the lithium source is lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate, and the nickel cobalt manganese source is nickel cobalt manganese hydrogen-oxygen
The molar ratio of compound, the nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide including high nickel content, low nickel content, such as Ni, Co, Mn are 8: 1: 1,9: 0.5:
0.5 or 2: 4: 4,3: 3: 3 etc., it is not limited to NCM333,523,622,811,90.50.5 etc., the metal oxide precursor is
Ammonium molybdate or ammonium tungstate.
In further step one, mass percentage of the metal oxide in target product is 2~8%.
Further, in step 1, the dispersing agent is dehydrated alcohol.
Further, in step 3, the oxygen concentration of the oxygen atmosphere is 80~100%.
Further, in step 3, the sintering carries out in tube furnace, first with the heating rate of 5~10 DEG C/min
400~500 DEG C are risen to, 4h is kept the temperature, is then warming up to 850 DEG C again with the heating rate of 5~10 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 14h.
The principle of the present invention is：
1, with LiNixCoyMnzO2For matrix, by metal oxide WO2Or MoO2Modify tertiary cathode material, WO2Conductivity
About 3.5 × 102S/cm, MoO2Conductivity about 1.14 × 103S/cm belongs to typical conductive metal oxide, has excellent
Metallic conductivity, higher electronic conductivity, effectively improve the chemical property of positive electrode, improve specific discharge capacity and
Lithium ion diffusion coefficient；
2, larger with the positive electrode superficial density of modified metal oxide, particle size distribution rule substantially increases
The tap density of positive electrode；
3, fine and close WO2、MoO2Modification, reduces the collapsing of positive electrode material structure in charging process repeatedly, optimizes
The stable circulation performance of material；
4, preparation method of the present invention is in-situ synthesis, is a kind of new method for preparing tertiary cathode material, substantially former
Reason is to form the composite material of two or more object phases using chemically reacting under given conditions between different material,
It the advantage is that simple process, at low cost, the process advan of nanosizing is in the design for realizing the special microstructure of material, to obtain
Property is obtained, specifically, the material of fabricated in situ has good thermodynamic stability.
Beneficial effect：Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the invention that：It is successfully synthesized using fabricated in situ and calcine technology
Conductive metal oxide (WO2Or MoO2) modification nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) tertiary cathode material, make tertiary cathode material and electrolyte
Machinery separates, and reduces the side reaction of material and electrolyte, the dissolution of less metal ion, while this modification reduces positive material
The collapsing for expecting the material structure in charging process repeatedly, optimizes chemical property, stable circulation performance, the heating power of positive electrode
Stability is learned, improves conductivity and tap density, synthesis technology is simple, cost is relatively low.
Specific embodiment
Combined with specific embodiments below, the present invention is furture elucidated, these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention and do not have to
In limiting the scope of the invention.
By ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery made from following example 1~2, comparative example, prepared respectively as former material
Button electricity, method are：Ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery, PVDF, Super-p in mass ratio 90: 6: 4 is mixed, with N- methyl
Pyrrolidone (NMP) is solvent, and uniform sizing material is made by stirring, is coated uniformly on aluminium foil, is placed in 100 DEG C of constant temperature ovens
It is spare that middle vacuum drying obtains positive plate, separately using lithium piece as negative electrode tab, with the LiPF containing 1mol/L6/ (EC (ethylene carbonate)+
DMC (dimethyl carbonate)), wherein EC and DMC is assembled into button electricity using the organic solution of volume ratio 1: 1 as electrolyte.
Embodiment 1
A kind of ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery preparation method with modified oxide, includes the following steps.
Step 1：Weigh lithium carbonate, low nickel nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2(D50=1 μm), MoO2Before
Drive body ammonium molybdate (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O carries out ball milling in the ball grinder equipped with dehydrated alcohol and disperses 4h, obtains slurry,
In, lithium carbonate, Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2By Li: the molar ratio of (NCM) weighs for 1.02, (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O presses MoO2
Account for target product quality 6% weighs.
Step 2：The resulting slurry of step 1 is uniformly mixed to be placed in 70 DEG C of drying boxes and dries 8h, is then ground to
The powder that partial size is 2~6 μm.
Step 3：By the resulting powder of step 2 be placed in concentration be 90% oxygen atmosphere tube furnace in, first with 8 DEG C/
The heating rate of min rises to 450 DEG C and keeps the temperature 4h, is then warming up to 850 DEG C again with the heating rate of 8 DEG C/min and keeps the temperature 14h.
Step 4：By the resulting product cooled to room temperature of step 3, obtained target product Li is then pulverized and sieved
Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2/MoO2- 6wt% ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery.
Basic physical properties characterization is carried out to target product made from the present embodiment, preferably, size distribution is more equal for dispersibility
Even, D10=5.3 μm, D50=7.0 μm, D98=8.7 μm, tap density is up to 2.48g/cm3.In addition the present embodiment is made
Target product according to it is aforementioned preparation button electricity method be made button electricity, with charge and discharge under 0.1C multiplying power, 1.5~4.5V voltage range
Electricity, initial charge 247.2mAh/g, discharge 214.6mAh/g for the first time, first charge discharge efficiency 86.8%.Under 25 DEG C of environment, with 0.1C times
Rate cycle charge-discharge, when being recycled to 250 weeks, capacity remains at 185.6mAh/g, and see Table 1 for details, which provides this implementation simultaneously
Example is with MoO2The related data that mass percentage is 2%, 4%, 8%.
1 different content MoO of table2Tertiary cathode material is influenced
1、2Specific volume, the circulation of discharging are carried out in 25 DEG C, 0.1C multiplying power, 1.5~4.5V voltage range, wherein recycling with 250
Week is reference.
Embodiment 2
A kind of ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery preparation method with modified oxide, includes the following steps.
Step 1：Weigh lithium carbonate, low nickel nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2(D50=4 μm), WO2Before
Drive body ammonium tungstate (NH4)10W12O41·xH2O carries out ball milling in the ball grinder equipped with dehydrated alcohol and disperses 4h, obtains slurry,
In, lithium carbonate, Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2By Li: the molar ratio of (NCM) weighs for 1.02, (NH4)10W12O41·xH2O presses WO2
Account for target product quality 4% weighs.
Step 2：The resulting slurry of step 1 is uniformly mixed to be placed in 70 DEG C of drying boxes and dries 8h, is then ground to
The powder that partial size is 2~6 μm.
Step 3：By the resulting powder of step 2 be placed in concentration be 90% oxygen atmosphere tube furnace in, first with 8 DEG C/
The heating rate of min rises to 450 DEG C and keeps the temperature 4h, is then warming up to 850 DEG C again with the heating rate of 8 DEG C/min and keeps the temperature 14h.
Step 4：By the resulting product cooled to room temperature of step 3, obtained target product Li is then pulverized and sieved
Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2/WO2- 4wt% ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery.
Basic physical properties characterization is carried out to target product made from the present embodiment, preferably, size distribution is more equal for dispersibility
Even, D10=6.3 μm, D50=8.3 μm, D98=12 μm, tap density is about 2.5g/cm3.It in addition will be made from the present embodiment
Button electricity is made according to the method for aforementioned preparation button electricity in target product, with charge and discharge under 0.1C multiplying power, 1.5~4.5V voltage range,
Initial charge 243.7mAh/g, discharge 209.3mAh/g for the first time, first charge discharge efficiency 85.9%.Under 25 DEG C of environment, with 0.1C multiplying power
Cycle charge-discharge, when being recycled to 250 weeks, capacity remains at 179.7mAh/g, and see Table 2 for details, which provides the present embodiment simultaneously
With WO2The related data that mass percentage is 2%, 6%, 8%.
2 different content WO of table2Tertiary cathode material is influenced
1、2Specific volume, the circulation of discharging are carried out in 25 DEG C, 0.1C multiplying power, 1.5~4.5V voltage range, wherein recycling with 250
Week is reference.
Comparative example
A kind of ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery preparation method, includes the following steps.
Step 1：Weigh lithium carbonate, low nickel nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2(D50=4 μm), in matching
Have and carry out ball milling dispersion 4h in the ball grinder of dehydrated alcohol, obtains slurry, wherein lithium carbonate, Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2By Li
: the molar ratio of (NCM) weighs for 1.02.
Step 2：The resulting slurry of step 1 is uniformly mixed to be placed in 70 DEG C of drying boxes and dries 8h, is then ground to
The powder that partial size is 2~6 μm.
Step 3：By the resulting powder of step 2 be placed in concentration be 90% oxygen atmosphere tube furnace in, first with 8 DEG C/
The heating rate of min rises to 450 DEG C and keeps the temperature 4h, is then warming up to 850 DEG C again with the heating rate of 8 DEG C/min and keeps the temperature 14h.
Step 4：By the resulting product cooled to room temperature of step 3, obtained target product Li is then pulverized and sieved
Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2Ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery.
Basic physical properties characterization is carried out to target product made from this comparative example, dispersibility is general, size distribution section compared with
Greatly, D10=4.8 μm, D50=7.2 μm, D98=13.3 μm, tap density is about 2.3g/cm3.In addition this comparative example is made
Target product according to it is aforementioned preparation button electricity method be made button electricity, with charge and discharge under 0.1C multiplying power, 1.5~4.5V voltage range
Electricity, initial charge 187.7mAh/g, discharge 159.2mAh/g for the first time, first charge discharge efficiency 84.8%.Under 25 DEG C of environment, with 0.1C times
Rate cycle charge-discharge, when being recycled to 250 weeks, capacity is almost 0mAh/g.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery with modified oxide, it is characterised in that：Be by lithium source, nickel cobalt manganese source,
What metal oxide precursor was prepared as a raw material, chemical formula LiNixCoyMnzO2/WO2Or LiNixCoyMnzO2/
MoO2；The lithium source is lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate, and the nickel cobalt manganese source is nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide, including high nickel content, low
The nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide of nickel content, the metal oxide precursor are WO2Presoma or MoO2Presoma.
2. a kind of ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery preparation method described in claim 1 with modified oxide, feature
It is to include the following steps：
Step 1：Lithium source, nickel cobalt manganese source, metal oxide precursor are weighed, and carries out ball in ball grinder together with dispersing agent
Mill dispersion obtains slurry, and Ball-milling Time is 2~4h；The metal oxide precursor is WO2Presoma or MoO2Presoma, institute
Lithium source, nickel cobalt manganese source are stated by Li: the molar ratio of (NCM) weighs for 1.01~1.04, and the metal oxide precursor is by its gold
Belong to mass percentage of the oxide in target product to weigh；
Step 2：The resulting slurry of step 1 is uniformly mixed to be placed in drying box and is dried, being then ground to partial size is 2~6 μ
The powder of m, drying box temperature are 60~80 DEG C, and drying time is 6~10h；
Step 3：The resulting powder of step 2 is placed in oxygen atmosphere with 700~850 DEG C of 6~18h of sintering；
Step 4：By the resulting product cooled to room temperature of step 3, obtained target product is then pulverized and sieved
LiNixCoyMnzO2/ metal oxide.
3. the ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery preparation method according to claim 2 with modified oxide, feature
It is：In step 1, the lithium source is lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate, and the nickel cobalt manganese source is nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide, including height
The nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide of nickel content, low nickel content, the metal oxide precursor are ammonium molybdate or ammonium tungstate.
4. the ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery preparation method according to claim 2 with modified oxide, feature
It is：In step 1, mass percentage of the metal oxide in target product is 2~8%.
5. the ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery preparation method according to claim 2 with modified oxide, feature
It is：In step 1, the dispersing agent is dehydrated alcohol.
6. the ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery preparation method according to claim 2 with modified oxide, feature
It is：In step 3, the oxygen concentration of the oxygen atmosphere is 80~100%.
7. the ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery preparation method according to claim 2 with modified oxide, feature
It is：In step 3, the sintering carries out in tube furnace, rises to 400~500 first with the heating rate of 5~10 DEG C/min
DEG C, 4h is kept the temperature, is then warming up to 850 DEG C again with the heating rate of 5~10 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 14h.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110112406A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-09 | 广州德塔吉能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method, cathode compositions and the lithium ion battery of cathode compositions |
| CN113054168A (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2021-06-29 | 湖南杉杉能源科技股份有限公司 | Tungsten-molybdenum composite coated ternary cathode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113582254A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-02 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Layered positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114551794A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-05-27 | 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 | Positive electrode active material, positive electrode, preparation method and lithium ion battery |
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| CN113582254B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-03-08 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Layered positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114551794A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-05-27 | 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 | Positive electrode active material, positive electrode, preparation method and lithium ion battery |
| CN114551794B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-08-25 | 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 | Positive electrode active material, positive electrode, preparation method and lithium ion battery |
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Application publication date: 20181130 |