CN108918678A - Utilize the method and device of non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration parameter - Google Patents
Utilize the method and device of non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration parameter Download PDFInfo
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/46—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by spectral analysis, e.g. Fourier analysis or wavelet analysis
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of method and devices using non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration parameter, can carry out non-linear ultrasonic detection to article to be measured, obtain the ultrasonic signal of the article output to be measured；Wavelet transformation is carried out to the ultrasonic signal, obtains the corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges；The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient of the article to be measured is determined according to the wavelet coefficient；It is brought into first equation corresponding with the material of the article to be measured using the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient and wavelet coefficient as independent variable, obtains the value of the first deterioration parameter of the article to be measured.Due to detecting the deterioration parameter of article to be measured present invention uses non-linear ultrasonic, there is no need to destroy to article to be measured.Meanwhile the present invention carries out wavelet transformation to ultrasonic signal, the advantage with multiresolution and partial analysis improves the Stability and veracity of detection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasound detection fields, in particular to using non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration parameter method and
Device.
Background technique
Bear high temperature, high pressure operating condition workpiece largely use metal material, such as power plant, the high temperature and pressure pipe in chemical plant
Road, pipe fitting, valve etc..As active time extends, metal material gradually aging leads to the safety and stability of metal works
It reduces.
Deterioration parameter by detecting metal works can determine the degree of aging of metal works, and then can be in time to old
Change more serious metal works timely to be replaced.Existing deterioration parameter detection method is generally sample detection method, i.e.,：It is logical
It crosses disruptive method (such as pipe cutting, whole cutting) to sample metal works to be measured, high-temerature creep test (examination when then passing through long
Periodicity thousand is tested to tens of thousands of hours), the research techniques such as short time high temperature tension test examine the deterioration parameter of the workpiece of sampling
It surveys.
Since the prior art needs to sample metal works to be measured, it is thus possible to metal works to be measured can be damaged.Meanwhile it removing
The component (such as header, valve body, cylinder body) of other receiving high temperature, high pressure outside conduit component is generally not allowed destructive sampling.
Certainly, in addition to metal works, the workpiece of other materials is also likely to be present same problem.
Therefore, how under the premise of not damaging workpiece realize deterioration parameter detection be still this field one urgently
Technical problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of method and device using non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration parameter, with
The deterioration parameter of article is detected by non-linear ultrasonic.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A method of parameter being deteriorated using non-linear ultrasonic detection article, including：
Non-linear ultrasonic detection is carried out to article to be measured, obtains the ultrasonic signal of the article output to be measured；
Wavelet transformation is carried out to the ultrasonic signal, obtains the corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges；
The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient of the article to be measured is determined according to the wavelet coefficient；
Bring the material with the article to be measured into using the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient and the wavelet coefficient as independent variable
In corresponding first equation, obtain the value of the first deterioration parameter of the article to be measured, wherein first equation because becoming
Amount is the value of the first deterioration parameter and first equation is corresponding with the first deterioration parameter.
Optionally, before the progress non-linear ultrasonic detection to article to be measured, the method also includes：
Obtain material multiple calibration samples identical with the determinand product, wherein the first deterioration ginseng of each calibration sample
Known to several values；
To each calibration sample：Non-linear ultrasonic detection is carried out to the calibration sample, obtains calibration sample output
Ultrasonic signal carries out wavelet transformation to the ultrasonic signal of calibration sample output, and the multiple frequency ranges for obtaining the calibration sample are corresponding
Wavelet coefficient, the non-linear ultrasonic system of the calibration sample is determined according to the corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges of the calibration sample
Number；
Data are carried out according to value, wavelet coefficient and the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient of the first of each calibration sample the deterioration parameter
Fitting determines the value to the unknowm coefficient in fit equation corresponding with the material of the calibration sample, wherein described to quasi-
Close the tie-in equation that equation is the first deterioration parameter and non-linear ultrasonic coefficient, wavelet coefficient；
The unknowm coefficient in fit equation is revised as identified value, obtains first equation.
Optionally, the wavelet coefficient is Wi, wherein i is the number of wavelet coefficient, and i is natural number, described fixed according to this
The corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges of standard specimen product determines the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient of the calibration sample, including：
According to formula
β=W2/W1 2
γ=W3/W1 3
The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient gamma and β of the calibration sample is calculated, wherein W1It is non-thread to be carried out to the calibration sample
The centre frequency F of the transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer used when property ultrasound detection1The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W2For frequency
Rate F2The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W3For frequency F3The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, wherein F2=2F1, F3
=3F1。
Optionally, described to be to fit equation：
Wherein, C is the first deterioration parameter, k1、k2And fiFor the unknowm coefficient to fit equation, m is wavelet coefficient
Number,For residual error.
Optionally, value, wavelet coefficient and the non-linear ultrasonic according to the first of each calibration sample the deterioration parameter
Coefficient carries out data fitting, determines the value to the unknowm coefficient in fit equation corresponding with the material of the calibration sample,
Including：
Data fitting is carried out according to the value of the first of each calibration sample the deterioration parameter and non-linear ultrasonic coefficient, is determined
Unknowm coefficient k in fit equation corresponding with the material of the calibration sample1And k2Value；
To each calibration sample, according to formula：
Calculate the residual error for obtaining the calibration sample
Data fitting, the determining material with the calibration sample are carried out according to the residual error of each calibration sample and wavelet coefficient
The corresponding f in fit equationiValue.
A kind of device using non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration parameter, including：Signal obtaining unit, wavelet coefficient obtain
Unit, ultrasonic coefficient obtaining unit and deterioration gain of parameter unit are obtained,
It is defeated to obtain the article to be measured for carrying out non-linear ultrasonic detection to article to be measured for the signal obtaining unit
Ultrasonic signal out；
It is corresponding to obtain multiple frequency ranges for carrying out wavelet transformation to the ultrasonic signal for the wavelet coefficient obtaining unit
Wavelet coefficient；
The ultrasound coefficient obtaining unit, for determining the non-linear ultrasonic of the article to be measured according to the wavelet coefficient
Coefficient；
The deterioration gain of parameter unit, for using the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient and the wavelet coefficient as independent variable
It brings into first equation corresponding with the material of the article to be measured, obtains taking for the first deterioration parameter of the article to be measured
Value, wherein the dependent variable of first equation is the value and first equation and described first of the first deterioration parameter
It is corresponding to deteriorate parameter.
Optionally, described device further includes：Sample obtaining unit, sample detection unit, Coefficient Fitting unit and equation obtain
Unit is obtained,
The sample obtaining unit, for carrying out non-linear ultrasonic detection to article to be measured in the signal obtaining unit
Before, obtain material multiple calibration samples identical with the determinand product, wherein the first deterioration parameter of each calibration sample takes
Known to value；
The sample detection unit, for each calibration sample：Non-linear ultrasonic detection is carried out to the calibration sample,
The ultrasonic signal for obtaining calibration sample output carries out wavelet transformation to the ultrasonic signal of calibration sample output, it is fixed to obtain this
The corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges of standard specimen product determines that this is fixed according to the corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges of the calibration sample
The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient of standard specimen product；
The Coefficient Fitting unit, for according to the first of each calibration sample the deterioration value of parameter, wavelet coefficient and
Non-linear ultrasonic coefficient carries out data fitting, determines the unknown system in fit equation corresponding with the material of the calibration sample
Several value, wherein the affiliated party for deteriorating parameter and non-linear ultrasonic coefficient, wavelet coefficient to fit equation for first
Journey；
The equation obtaining unit, for the unknowm coefficient in fit equation to be revised as identified value,
Obtain first equation.
Optionally, the wavelet coefficient is Wi, wherein i is the number of wavelet coefficient, and i is natural number, the sample detection
Unit is specifically configured to：
To each calibration sample：Non-linear ultrasonic detection is carried out to the calibration sample, obtains calibration sample output
Ultrasonic signal carries out wavelet transformation to the ultrasonic signal of calibration sample output, and the multiple frequency ranges for obtaining the calibration sample are corresponding
Wavelet coefficient, according to formula
β=W2/W1 2
γ=W3/W1 3
The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient gamma and β of the calibration sample is calculated, wherein W1It is non-thread to be carried out to the calibration sample
The centre frequency F of the transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer used when property ultrasound detection1The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W2For frequency
Rate F2The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W3For frequency F3The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, wherein F2=2F1, F3
=3F1。
Optionally, described to be to fit equation：
Wherein, C is the first deterioration parameter, k1、k2And fiFor the unknowm coefficient to fit equation, m is wavelet coefficient
Number,For residual error.
Optionally, the Coefficient Fitting unit includes：First fitting subelement, residual error determine subelement and quadratic fit
Unit,
The first fitting subelement, for according to the value of the first of each calibration sample the deterioration parameter and non-linear super
Sonic system number carries out data fitting, determines unknowm coefficient k in fit equation corresponding with the material of the calibration sample1And k2
Value；
The residual error determines subelement, is used for each calibration sample, according to formula：
Calculate the residual error for obtaining the calibration sample
The quadratic fit subelement, for carrying out data fitting according to the residual error and wavelet coefficient of each calibration sample,
Determine f in fit equation corresponding with the material of the calibration sampleiValue.
Through the above technical solutions, a kind of utilization non-linear ultrasonic detection article provided in an embodiment of the present invention deteriorates parameter
Method and device, non-linear ultrasonic detection can be carried out to article to be measured, obtain the ultrasonic signal of the article to be measured output；
Wavelet transformation is carried out to the ultrasonic signal, obtains the corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges；Institute is determined according to the wavelet coefficient
State the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient of article to be measured；Using the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient and the wavelet coefficient as independent variable bring into
In corresponding first equation of the material of the article to be measured, the value of the first deterioration parameter of the article to be measured is obtained.Due to
Present invention uses the deterioration parameters that non-linear ultrasonic detects article to be measured, and there is no need to destroy to article to be measured.Meanwhile
The present invention carries out wavelet transformation to ultrasonic signal, and the advantage with multiresolution and partial analysis improves the accuracy of detection
And stability.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described.
Fig. 1 is a kind of process of method that article deterioration parameter is detected using non-linear ultrasonic provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the stream of another method that article deterioration parameter is detected using non-linear ultrasonic provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 3 is a kind of structure of device that article deterioration parameter is detected using non-linear ultrasonic provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the knot of another device that article deterioration parameter is detected using non-linear ultrasonic provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Structure schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of method and device using non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration parameter, art technologies
Personnel can use for reference present disclosure, be suitably modified realization of process parameters.In particular, it should be pointed out that all similar replacements and changing
Move apparent to those skilled in the art, they are considered as being included in the present invention.It method of the invention and answers
With being described by preferred embodiment, related personnel can obviously not depart from the content of present invention, in spirit and scope
To method described herein and application is modified or appropriate changes and combinations, carrys out implementation and application the technology of the present invention.
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further explained：
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of method using non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration parameter provided in an embodiment of the present invention,
May include：
S100, non-linear ultrasonic detection is carried out to article to be measured, obtains the ultrasonic signal of the article output to be measured；
Wherein, article to be measured can be metal material or the article of other materials, and the present invention is it is not limited here.
Specifically, the present invention can carry out ultrasound detection to article to be measured by non-linear ultrasonic equipment, this is non-linear super
Acoustic equipment includes：Transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer and receiving end ultrasonic transducer.Wherein, transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer will be non-linear super
Acoustical signal is emitted on article to be measured, which is conducted on article to be measured, then receiving end ultrasound
Energy converter receives.
Optionally, the centre frequency of transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer can be located in section [2.5,10] MHz.
Optionally, the centre frequency of receiving end ultrasonic transducer can be the two of the centre frequency of transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer
Times.
S200, wavelet transformation is carried out to the ultrasonic signal, obtains the corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges；
Wherein, wavelet transformation (Wavelet Transform, WT) is a kind of transform analysis method, it is inherited and development
The thought of short time discrete Fourier transform localization, while the disadvantages of window size does not change with frequency is overcome again, it is capable of providing one
A " T/F " window with frequency shift is the ideal tools for carrying out signal time frequency analysis and processing.Its main feature
It is the feature for capableing of abundant outstanding problem some aspects by transformation, the localization of time (space) frequency can be analyzed, be passed through
Flexible shift operations gradually carry out multi-scale refinement to signal (function), are finally reached high frequency treatment time subdivision, frequency at low frequency
Subdivision, the requirement that can adapt to time frequency signal analysis automatically solve Fourier transform so as to focus on any details of signal
Difficult problem.
Traditional Fourier transformation method can not observation signal local frequency domain characteristic, so limited and non-in treated length
There are certain deficiency in terms of the signal of stable state, it is easy to appear false signal, influences the precision of measurement.The present invention uses small wavelength-division
The method of analysis carries out the time-frequency convert of signal, and the advantage with multiresolution and partial analysis overcomes Fourier transformation not
Foot, is focused the signal in certain time section, to obtain the frequency-region signal of multiresolution, efficiently extracts non-thread
Property ultrasonic signal in second harmonic and harmonic signal, and deteriorate parameter using the performance of these characteristic signals and sample
Between establish tie-in equation, improve the Stability and veracity of measurement.
Specifically, the small wave converting method that the present invention uses can be specially that mallat algorithm or WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION are calculated
Method.Wherein, the present invention can pass through formula
Calculate wavelet coefficient, wherein W (a, b) is wavelet coefficient, and t is integration variable, and f (t) is characterized the spectrum in spectrogram
The original function that line intensity data is constituted, ψA, bIt (t) is wavelet function, ψ*For the conjugate function of wavelet function, a is wavelet function
Zooming parameter, b are the translation parameters of wavelet function.
In practical applications, the present invention can obtain the corresponding wavelet coefficient of centre frequency of transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer,
The present invention can also obtain two frequencys multiplication and the corresponding wavelet coefficient of frequency tripling of the centre frequency.
S300, the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient that the article to be measured is determined according to the wavelet coefficient；
Specifically, the present invention can be according to formula
β=W2/W1 2
γ=W3/W1 3
The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient gamma and β of the article to be measured is calculated, wherein W1It is non-thread to be carried out to the article to be measured
The centre frequency F of the transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer used when property ultrasound detection1The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W2For frequency
Rate F2The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W3For frequency F3The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, wherein F2=2F1, F3
=3F1.S400, material with the article to be measured is brought into using the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient and the wavelet coefficient as independent variable
Expect in corresponding first equation, obtain the value of the first deterioration parameter of the article to be measured, wherein first equation because
Variable is the value of the first deterioration parameter and first equation is corresponding with the first deterioration parameter.
Described first, which deteriorates parameter, to be：Creep rupture strength, creep strength, precipitate quantity, grain size or hardness.
Wherein, the first equation can be：
Wherein, C is the first deterioration parameter, k1、k2And fiFor the coefficient of the first equation.
A kind of method using non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration parameter provided in an embodiment of the present invention, can be to be measured
Article carries out non-linear ultrasonic detection, obtains the ultrasonic signal of the article output to be measured；Small echo is carried out to the ultrasonic signal
Transformation, obtains the corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges；The non-linear ultrasonic of the article to be measured is determined according to the wavelet coefficient
Coefficient；It is brought into using the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient and the wavelet coefficient as independent variable corresponding with the material of the article to be measured
The first equation in, obtain the value of the first deterioration parameter of the article to be measured.Since present invention uses non-linear ultrasonics
The deterioration parameter of article to be measured is detected, there is no need to destroy to article to be measured.Meanwhile the present invention is small to ultrasonic signal progress
Wave conversion, the advantage with multiresolution and partial analysis, improves the Stability and veracity of detection.
In practical applications, the present invention can be by detecting the coefficient to determine first equation to calibration sample.Specifically
, when the coefficient of the first equation is unknown, which is to fit equation.As shown in Fig. 2, provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Another kind detects the method that article deteriorates parameter using non-linear ultrasonic：
S001, material multiple calibration samples identical with the determinand product are obtained, wherein the first of each calibration sample is bad
Known to the value for changing parameter；
In practical applications, it is corresponding in fit equation can to carry out deterioration parameter for every kind of material respectively by the present invention
The determination of unknowm coefficient.
S002, to each calibration sample：Non-linear ultrasonic detection is carried out to the calibration sample, it is defeated to obtain the calibration sample
Ultrasonic signal out carries out wavelet transformation to the ultrasonic signal of calibration sample output, obtains multiple frequency ranges of the calibration sample
Corresponding wavelet coefficient determines the non-linear super of the calibration sample according to the corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges of the calibration sample
Sonic system number；
Wherein, step S002 carry out used non-linear ultrasonic when non-linear ultrasonic detection frequency can and step
The frequency of S100 non-linear ultrasonic used non-linear ultrasonic when detecting is identical.
Further, step S002 obtain after wavelet transformation the corresponding each frequency range of wavelet coefficient can with step S200 into
The corresponding each frequency range of wavelet coefficient is obtained after row wavelet transformation.
Such as：The corresponding each frequency range of acquisition wavelet coefficient is respectively after step S002 carries out wavelet transformation：(0,3] MHz,
(3,6] MHz and (6,9] MHz, then step S200 carry out obtaining the corresponding each frequency range of wavelet coefficient after wavelet transformation be also respectively：
(0,3] MHz, (3,6] MHz and (6,9] MHz.
Wherein, the wavelet coefficient can be Wi, wherein i is the number of wavelet coefficient, and i is natural number, according to the calibration
The corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges of sample determines that the detailed process of the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient of the calibration sample may include：
According to formula
β=W2/W1 2
γ=W3/W1 3
The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient gamma and β of the calibration sample is calculated, wherein W1It is non-thread to be carried out to the calibration sample
The centre frequency F of the transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer used when property ultrasound detection1The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W2For frequency
Rate F2The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W3For frequency F3The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, wherein F2=2F1, F3
=3F1。
Wherein, the embodiment of the present invention carries out the centre frequency of the transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer used when non-linear ultrasonic detection
It can be located in section [2.5,10] MHz.
S003, according to the first of each calibration sample deterioration parameter value, wavelet coefficient and non-linear ultrasonic coefficient into
The fitting of row data, determines the value to the unknowm coefficient in fit equation corresponding with the material of the calibration sample, wherein institute
Stating to fit equation is the first tie-in equation for deteriorating parameter and non-linear ultrasonic coefficient；
Wherein, can be to fit equation：
Wherein, C is the first deterioration parameter, k1、k2And fiFor the unknowm coefficient to fit equation, m is wavelet coefficient
Number,For residual error.
Specifically, data fitting mode can there are many, such as least square fitting.
In practical applications, step S003 can be specifically included：
Data fitting is carried out according to the value of the first of each calibration sample the deterioration parameter and non-linear ultrasonic coefficient, is determined
Unknowm coefficient k in fit equation corresponding with the material of the calibration sample1And k2Value；
To each calibration sample, according to formula：
Calculate the residual error for obtaining the calibration sample
Data fitting, the determining material with the calibration sample are carried out according to the residual error of each calibration sample and wavelet coefficient
The corresponding f in fit equationiValue.
Wherein, the present invention is determining k1And k2Value when can ignore residual error first, i.e., become to fit equation：C=k1
β+k2Then it is true to carry out data fitting according to the value of the first of each calibration sample the deterioration parameter and non-linear ultrasonic coefficient by γ
Determine k1And k2Value.Determining k1And k2Value after, the present invention is assured that the residual error of each calibration sample, and then to residual
Difference carries out quadratic fit, so that it is determined that fiValue.
S004, the unknowm coefficient in fit equation is revised as to identified value, obtains first equation.
For convenience of understanding, it is exemplified below：
Assuming that there is n material calibration sample identical with the determinand product, the number of calibration sample is respectively 1 to n, respectively
The value of first deterioration parameter of calibration sample is respectively C1To Cn。
To each calibration sample：Non-linear ultrasonic detection is carried out to the calibration sample, obtains calibration sample output
Ultrasonic signal carries out wavelet transformation to the ultrasonic signal of calibration sample output, and the multiple frequency ranges for obtaining the calibration sample are corresponding
Wavelet coefficient Wi, wherein i is the number of wavelet coefficient, and the number is identical as the number of calibration sample.Specifically, each fixed
The W of standard specimen productiIt can be corresponding from different frequency ranges respectively to be multiple.According to the corresponding small echo of multiple frequency ranges of the calibration sample
Coefficient WiDetermine the non-linear ultrasonic factor beta of the calibration sampleiAnd γi。
So far, the value of the first deterioration parameter of available material n calibration sample identical with the determinand product：
C1To Cn, also in available above-mentioned n calibration sample each calibration sample wavelet coefficient W1To Wm, also available above-mentioned n
The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient of a calibration sample：β1To βnAnd γ1To γn.Wherein, m is the wavelet coefficient of each calibration sample
Number.
In this way, passing through above-mentioned C1To Cn、β1To βn、γ1To γnIt can be carried out data fitting, obtain formula
C=k1β+k2γ
In unknowm coefficient k1And k2Value.
But above-mentioned formula has ignored residual error, represents residual error using A, then can pass through A=C-k1β-k2γ is calculated each fixed
The residual error of standard specimen product, such as：A1=C1-k1β1-k2γ1.Therefore, the present invention can obtain the residual error of each calibration sample：A1To An。
Due toTherefore, the present invention can pass through A1To AnAnd the W of each calibration sample1To WmIt carries out
Data fitting obtains fiValue.
In this way, the present invention is assured that fit equation
In each unknowm coefficient value, so that it is determined that first deterioration parameter and non-linear ultrasonic coefficient, wavelet coefficient pass
Join equation.After obtaining the tie-in equation, so that it may obtain taking for the first deterioration parameter of article to be measured by method shown in Fig. 1
Value.
It corresponds to the above method, utilizes non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration ginseng the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of
Several devices.
As shown in figure 3, a kind of device using non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration parameter provided in an embodiment of the present invention,
May include：Signal obtaining unit 100, wavelet coefficient obtaining unit 200, ultrasonic coefficient obtaining unit 300 and deterioration parameter obtain
Unit 400 is obtained,
The signal obtaining unit 100 obtains the article to be measured for carrying out non-linear ultrasonic detection to article to be measured
The ultrasonic signal of output；
Wherein, article to be measured can be metal material or the article of other materials, and the present invention is it is not limited here.
Specifically, the present invention can carry out ultrasound detection to article to be measured by non-linear ultrasonic equipment, this is non-linear super
Acoustic equipment includes：Transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer and receiving end ultrasonic transducer.Wherein, transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer will be non-linear super
Acoustical signal is emitted on article to be measured, which is conducted on article to be measured, then receiving end ultrasound
Energy converter receives.
Optionally, the centre frequency of transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer can be located in section [2.5,10] MHz.
Optionally, the centre frequency of receiving end ultrasonic transducer can be the two of the centre frequency of transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer
Times.
The wavelet coefficient obtaining unit 200 obtains multiple frequency ranges pair for carrying out wavelet transformation to the ultrasonic signal
The wavelet coefficient answered；
Wherein, wavelet transformation (Wavelet Transform, WT) is a kind of transform analysis method, it is inherited and development
The thought of short time discrete Fourier transform localization, while the disadvantages of window size does not change with frequency is overcome again, it is capable of providing one
A " T/F " window with frequency shift is the ideal tools for carrying out signal time frequency analysis and processing.Its main feature
It is the feature for capableing of abundant outstanding problem some aspects by transformation, the localization of time (space) frequency can be analyzed, be passed through
Flexible shift operations gradually carry out multi-scale refinement to signal (function), are finally reached high frequency treatment time subdivision, frequency at low frequency
Subdivision, the requirement that can adapt to time frequency signal analysis automatically solve Fourier transform so as to focus on any details of signal
Difficult problem.
Traditional Fourier transformation method can not observation signal local frequency domain characteristic, so limited and non-in treated length
There are certain deficiency in terms of the signal of stable state, it is easy to appear false signal, influences the precision of measurement.The present invention uses small wavelength-division
The method of analysis carries out the time-frequency convert of signal, and the advantage with multiresolution and partial analysis overcomes Fourier transformation not
Foot, is focused the signal in certain time section, to obtain the frequency-region signal of multiresolution, efficiently extracts non-thread
Property ultrasonic signal in second harmonic and harmonic signal, and deteriorate parameter using the performance of these characteristic signals and sample
Between establish tie-in equation, improve the Stability and veracity of measurement.
Specifically, the small wave converting method that the present invention uses can be specially that mallat algorithm or WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION are calculated
Method.Wherein, the present invention can pass through formula
Calculate wavelet coefficient, wherein W (a, b) is wavelet coefficient, and t is integration variable, and f (t) is characterized the spectrum in spectrogram
The original function that line intensity data is constituted, ψa, b (t) is wavelet function, ψ*For the conjugate function of wavelet function, a is wavelet function
Zooming parameter, b are the translation parameters of wavelet function.
In practical applications, the present invention can obtain the corresponding wavelet coefficient of centre frequency of transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer,
The present invention can also obtain two frequencys multiplication and the corresponding wavelet coefficient of frequency tripling of the centre frequency.
The ultrasound coefficient obtaining unit 300, for determining the non-linear of the article to be measured according to the wavelet coefficient
Ultrasonic coefficient；
Specifically, ultrasonic coefficient obtaining unit 300 can be set as according to formula
β=W2/W1 2
γ=W3/W1 3
The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient gamma and β of the article to be measured is calculated, wherein W1It is non-thread to be carried out to the article to be measured
The centre frequency F of the transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer used when property ultrasound detection1The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W2For frequency
Rate F2The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W3For frequency F3The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, wherein F2=2F1, F3
=3F1.The deterioration gain of parameter unit 400, for using the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient and the wavelet coefficient as change certainly
Amount is brought into first equation corresponding with the material of the article to be measured, and taking for the first deterioration parameter of the article to be measured is obtained
Value, wherein the dependent variable of first equation is the value and first equation and described first of the first deterioration parameter
It is corresponding to deteriorate parameter.
Described first, which deteriorates parameter, to be：Creep rupture strength, creep strength, precipitate quantity, grain size or hardness.
Wherein, the first equation can be：
Wherein, C is the first deterioration parameter, k1And k2For the coefficient of the first equation.
A kind of device using non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration parameter provided in an embodiment of the present invention, can be to be measured
Article carries out non-linear ultrasonic detection, obtains the ultrasonic signal of the article output to be measured；Small echo is carried out to the ultrasonic signal
Transformation, obtains the corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges；The non-linear ultrasonic of the article to be measured is determined according to the wavelet coefficient
Coefficient；It is brought into using the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient and the wavelet coefficient as independent variable corresponding with the material of the article to be measured
The first equation in, obtain the value of the first deterioration parameter of the article to be measured.Since present invention uses non-linear ultrasonics
The deterioration parameter of article to be measured is detected, there is no need to destroy to article to be measured.Meanwhile the present invention is small to ultrasonic signal progress
Wave conversion, the advantage with multiresolution and partial analysis, improves the Stability and veracity of detection.
In practical applications, the present invention can be by detecting the coefficient to determine first equation to calibration sample.Specifically
, when the coefficient of the first equation is unknown, which is to fit equation.As shown in figure 4, device basic shown in Fig. 3
On, another device using non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration parameter provided in an embodiment of the present invention can also include：Sample
Product obtaining unit 001, sample detection unit 002, Coefficient Fitting unit 003 and equation obtaining unit 004,
The sample obtaining unit 001, for carrying out non-linear ultrasonic inspection to article to be measured in the signal obtaining unit
Before survey, material multiple calibration samples identical with the determinand product are obtained, wherein the first deterioration parameter of each calibration sample
Known to value；
In practical applications, it is corresponding in fit equation can to carry out deterioration parameter for every kind of material respectively by the present invention
The determination of unknowm coefficient.
The sample detection unit 002, for each calibration sample：Non-linear ultrasonic inspection is carried out to the calibration sample
It surveys, obtains the ultrasonic signal of calibration sample output, wavelet transformation is carried out to the ultrasonic signal of calibration sample output, is somebody's turn to do
The corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges of calibration sample, being determined according to the corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges of the calibration sample should
The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient of calibration sample；
Wherein, the frequency that sample detection unit 002 carries out used non-linear ultrasonic when non-linear ultrasonic detection can be with
It is identical with the frequency of non-linear ultrasonic used when the progress non-linear ultrasonic detection of signal obtaining unit 100.
Further, sample detection unit 002 obtain after wavelet transformation the corresponding each frequency range of wavelet coefficient can with it is small
The corresponding each frequency range of acquisition wavelet coefficient is identical after wave system number obtaining unit 200 carries out wavelet transformation.
Such as：The corresponding each frequency range of acquisition wavelet coefficient is respectively after step S002 carries out wavelet transformation：(0,3] MHz,
(3,6] MHz and (6,9] MHz, then step S200 carry out obtaining the corresponding each frequency range of wavelet coefficient after wavelet transformation be also respectively：
(0,3] MHz, (3,6] MHz and (6,9] MHz.
Wherein, the wavelet coefficient is Wi, wherein i is the number of wavelet coefficient, and i is natural number, the sample detection list
Member 002 can be specifically set for：
To each calibration sample：Non-linear ultrasonic detection is carried out to the calibration sample, obtains calibration sample output
Ultrasonic signal carries out wavelet transformation to the ultrasonic signal of calibration sample output, and the multiple frequency ranges for obtaining the calibration sample are corresponding
Wavelet coefficient, according to formula
β=W2/W1 2
γ=W3/W1 3
The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient gamma and β of the calibration sample is calculated, wherein W1It is non-thread to be carried out to the calibration sample
The centre frequency F of the transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer used when property ultrasound detection1The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W2For frequency
Rate F2The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W3For frequency F3The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, wherein F2=2F1, F3
=3F1.Wherein, the centre frequency that the embodiment of the present invention carries out the transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer used when non-linear ultrasonic detection can
To be located in section [2.5,10] MHz.
The Coefficient Fitting unit 003, for according to the first of each calibration sample the deterioration value of parameter, wavelet coefficient with
And non-linear ultrasonic coefficient carries out data fitting, determination is corresponding with the material of the calibration sample to unknown in fit equation
The value of coefficient, wherein the affiliated party for deteriorating parameter and non-linear ultrasonic coefficient, wavelet coefficient to fit equation for first
Journey；
Wherein, the Coefficient Fitting unit 003 may include：It is fitted subelement for the first time, residual error determines subelement and secondary
Subelement is fitted,
The first fitting subelement, for according to the value of the first of each calibration sample the deterioration parameter and non-linear super
Sonic system number carries out data fitting, determines unknowm coefficient k in fit equation corresponding with the material of the calibration sample1And k2
Value；
The residual error determines subelement, is used for each calibration sample, according to formula：
Calculate the residual error for obtaining the calibration sample
The quadratic fit subelement, for carrying out data fitting according to the residual error and wavelet coefficient of each calibration sample,
Determine f in fit equation corresponding with the material of the calibration sampleiValue.
Wherein, the present invention is determining k1And k2Value when can ignore residual error first, i.e., become to fit equation：C=k1
β+k2Then it is true to carry out data fitting according to the value of the first of each calibration sample the deterioration parameter and non-linear ultrasonic coefficient by γ
Determine k1And k2Value.Determining k1And k2Value after, the present invention is assured that the residual error of each calibration sample, and then to residual
Difference carries out quadratic fit, so that it is determined that fiValue.
The equation obtaining unit 004, for the unknowm coefficient in fit equation to be revised as identified take
Value obtains first equation.
Wherein, can be to fit equation：
Wherein, C is the first deterioration parameter, k1、k2And fiFor the unknowm coefficient to fit equation, m is wavelet coefficient
Number,For residual error.
Specifically, the mode of data fitting can there are many, such as least square fitting.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to a reality
Body or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, are deposited without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation
In any actual relationship or order or sequence.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to
Non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements is not only wanted including those
Element, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or equipment
Intrinsic element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that
There is also other identical elements in process, method, article or equipment including the element.
Each embodiment in this specification is all made of relevant mode and describes, same and similar portion between each embodiment
Dividing may refer to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.Especially for system reality
For applying example, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, so being described relatively simple, related place is referring to embodiment of the method
Part explanation.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so within the spirit and principles in the present invention, are all contained in protection scope of the present invention
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method using non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration parameter, which is characterized in that including：
Non-linear ultrasonic detection is carried out to article to be measured, obtains the ultrasonic signal of the article output to be measured；
Wavelet transformation is carried out to the ultrasonic signal, obtains the corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges；
The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient of the article to be measured is determined according to the wavelet coefficient；
It is brought into using the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient and the wavelet coefficient as independent variable corresponding with the material of the article to be measured
The first equation in, obtain the value of the first deterioration parameter of the article to be measured, wherein the dependent variable of first equation is
It is described first deterioration parameter value and first equation with it is described first deteriorate parameter it is corresponding.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein carrying out non-linear ultrasonic detection to article to be measured described
Before, the method also includes：
Obtain material multiple calibration samples identical with the determinand product, wherein the first deterioration parameter of each calibration sample
Known to value；
To each calibration sample：Non-linear ultrasonic detection is carried out to the calibration sample, obtains the ultrasound of calibration sample output
Signal carries out wavelet transformation to the ultrasonic signal of calibration sample output, and the multiple frequency ranges for obtaining the calibration sample are corresponding small
Wave system number determines the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient of the calibration sample according to the corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges of the calibration sample；
It is quasi- that data are carried out according to value, wavelet coefficient and the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient of the first of each calibration sample the deterioration parameter
It closes, determines the value to the unknowm coefficient in fit equation corresponding with the material of the calibration sample, wherein described wait be fitted
Equation is the tie-in equation of the first deterioration parameter and non-linear ultrasonic coefficient, wavelet coefficient；
The unknowm coefficient in fit equation is revised as identified value, obtains first equation.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the wavelet coefficient is Wi, wherein i is the volume of wavelet coefficient
Number, i is natural number, described to determine the non-linear of the calibration sample according to the corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges of the calibration sample
Ultrasonic coefficient, including：
According to formula
β=W2/W1 2
γ=W3/W1 3
The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient gamma and β of the calibration sample is calculated, wherein W1It is non-linear super to be carried out to the calibration sample
The centre frequency F of the transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer used when sound detection1The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W2For frequency F2
The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W3For frequency F3The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, wherein F2=2F1, F3=
3F1。
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described be to fit equation：
Wherein, C is the first deterioration parameter, k1、k2And fiFor the unknowm coefficient to fit equation, m is of wavelet coefficient
Number,For residual error.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the taking according to the first of each calibration sample the deterioration parameter
Value, wavelet coefficient and non-linear ultrasonic coefficient carry out data fitting, determine corresponding with the material of the calibration sample to quasi-
The value of the unknowm coefficient in equation is closed, including：
Data fitting, determining and institute are carried out according to the value of the first of each calibration sample the deterioration parameter and non-linear ultrasonic coefficient
State the corresponding unknowm coefficient k in fit equation of material of calibration sample1And k2Value；
To each calibration sample, according to formula：
Calculate the residual error for obtaining the calibration sample
Data fitting is carried out according to the residual error of each calibration sample and wavelet coefficient, determination is corresponding with the material of the calibration sample
To the f in fit equationiValue.
6. a kind of device using non-linear ultrasonic detection article deterioration parameter, which is characterized in that including：Signal obtaining unit,
Wavelet coefficient obtaining unit, ultrasonic coefficient obtaining unit and deterioration gain of parameter unit,
The signal obtaining unit obtains the article output to be measured for carrying out non-linear ultrasonic detection to article to be measured
Ultrasonic signal；
It is corresponding small to obtain multiple frequency ranges for carrying out wavelet transformation to the ultrasonic signal for the wavelet coefficient obtaining unit
Wave system number；
The ultrasound coefficient obtaining unit, for determining the non-linear ultrasonic system of the article to be measured according to the wavelet coefficient
Number；
The deterioration gain of parameter unit, for being brought into using the non-linear ultrasonic coefficient and the wavelet coefficient as independent variable
In first equation corresponding with the material of the article to be measured, the value of the first deterioration parameter of the article to be measured is obtained,
In, the dependent variable of first equation is that the value of the first deterioration parameter and first equation and first deterioration are joined
Number corresponds to.
7. device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described device further includes：Sample obtaining unit, sample detection
Unit, Coefficient Fitting unit and equation obtaining unit,
The sample obtaining unit, for obtaining before the signal obtaining unit carries out non-linear ultrasonic detection to article to be measured
Obtain material multiple calibration samples identical with the determinand product, wherein the value of the first deterioration parameter of each calibration sample is
Know；
The sample detection unit, for each calibration sample：Non-linear ultrasonic detection is carried out to the calibration sample, is obtained
The ultrasonic signal of calibration sample output carries out wavelet transformation to the ultrasonic signal of calibration sample output, obtains the calibration sample
The corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges of product determines the calibration sample according to the corresponding wavelet coefficient of multiple frequency ranges of the calibration sample
The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient of product；
The Coefficient Fitting unit, for according to the first of each calibration sample the deterioration value of parameter, wavelet coefficient and non-thread
Property ultrasound coefficient carry out data fitting, determine corresponding with the material of the calibration sample unknowm coefficient in fit equation
Value, wherein the tie-in equation for deteriorating parameter and non-linear ultrasonic coefficient, wavelet coefficient to fit equation for first；
The equation obtaining unit is obtained for the unknowm coefficient in fit equation to be revised as identified value
First equation.
8. device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the wavelet coefficient is Wi, wherein i is the volume of wavelet coefficient
Number, i is natural number, and the sample detection unit is specifically configured to：
To each calibration sample：Non-linear ultrasonic detection is carried out to the calibration sample, obtains the ultrasound of calibration sample output
Signal carries out wavelet transformation to the ultrasonic signal of calibration sample output, and the multiple frequency ranges for obtaining the calibration sample are corresponding small
Wave system number, according to formula
β=W2/W1 2
γ=W3/W1 3
The non-linear ultrasonic coefficient gamma and β of the calibration sample is calculated, wherein W1It is non-linear super to be carried out to the calibration sample
The centre frequency F of the transmitting terminal ultrasonic transducer used when sound detection1The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W2For frequency F2
The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, W3For frequency F3The corresponding wavelet coefficient of the frequency range at place, wherein F2=2F1, F3=
3F1。
9. device according to claim 8, which is characterized in that described to be to fit equation：
Wherein, C is the first deterioration parameter, k1、k2And fiFor the unknowm coefficient to fit equation, m is of wavelet coefficient
Number,For residual error.
10. device according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the Coefficient Fitting unit includes：First fitting is single
Member, residual error determine subelement and quadratic fit subelement,
The first fitting subelement, for deteriorating value and the non-linear ultrasonic system of parameter according to the first of each calibration sample
Number carries out data fitting, determines unknowm coefficient k in fit equation corresponding with the material of the calibration sample1And k2Take
Value；
The residual error determines subelement, is used for each calibration sample, according to formula：
Calculate the residual error for obtaining the calibration sample
The quadratic fit subelement is determined for carrying out data fitting according to the residual error and wavelet coefficient of each calibration sample
F in fit equation corresponding with the material of the calibration sampleiValue.
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| CN104458915A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2015-03-25 | 南京大学 | Non-linear ultrasonic detection method for wind-tower weld seam |
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Address after: No. 2096, Beijing New Energy Technology Research Institute Patentee after: Guoneng boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspection Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 2096, Beijing New Energy Technology Research Institute Patentee before: GUODIAN BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL INSPECTION Co.,Ltd. |