CN108914042A - A kind of preparation method of wear-and corrosion-resistant Sintered NdFeB magnet - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of wear-and corrosion-resistant Sintered NdFeB magnet Download PDFInfo
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- CN108914042A CN108914042A CN201810754396.7A CN201810754396A CN108914042A CN 108914042 A CN108914042 A CN 108914042A CN 201810754396 A CN201810754396 A CN 201810754396A CN 108914042 A CN108914042 A CN 108914042A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/026—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets protecting methods against environmental influences, e.g. oxygen, by surface treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of wear-and corrosion-resistant Sintered NdFeB magnet, include the following steps:Blast processing is carried out to the Sintered NdFeB magnet after chamfering, the oxidation film of magnet surface is removed, it is preheated after ultrasonic cleaning;Wear-resistant anticorrosive material is coated by neodymium iron boron magnetic body surface after preheat using plasma melting coating technique, prepares nano-glass composite ceramic coat in magnet surface;The neodymium iron boron magnetic body of coated with nano Glass Composite Ceramics coating is heat-treated, the neodymium iron boron magnetic body with wear-and corrosion-resistant is prepared.Combination between nano-glass composite ceramic coat and matrix is metallurgical bonding, so the binding force between coating and matrix is high, the wearability of coating is greatly improved in dopen Nano ceramic material in glass glaze.Final heat treatment process can effectively eliminate the stress generated between matrix and coating by plasma cladding processing, and the wear-and corrosion-resistant coating will not generate magnetic screening action to magnet.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to permanent magnetic material surfaces to protect field, and in particular to a kind of system of wear-and corrosion-resistant Sintered NdFeB magnet
Preparation Method.
Background technique
Sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet has high remanent magnetism, high-coercive force, high energy product etc. as third generation rare earth permanent-magnetic material
It is all to be widely used in hardware appliance, medical machinery, all kinds of motors, aerospace and defence and military etc. for excellent magnetic property
It is multi-field.Although Sintered NdFeB magnet is that the strongest permanent-magnet material of magnetic property, very poor corrosion resisting property can be made at this stage
Sharp-decay at magnet magnetic property influences the service performance and service life of Sintered NdFeB magnet, serious limit up to losing
The further expansion of its application field is made.
Following two mode can be used to improve the corrosion resistance of Sintered NdFeB magnet at present, first is that using addition alloy member
Plain method fundamentally solves the problems, such as that magnet corrosion resistance itself is poor;Second is that adding anti-corrosion in magnet surface using surface protection technique
Painting/coating mode improves the corrosion resistance of magnet, and surface protecting layer can hinder magnet to be directly in contact with corrosive medium, thus
Play anti-corrosion purpose.The corrosion resistance of magnet cannot be significantly improved in view of addition alloying element, but also can be dropped to a certain extent
The magnetic property of low magnet.Therefore, surface protection process is generallyd use in practical application to improve the anti-corrosion of Sintered NdFeB magnet
Performance.Surface protection can be divided into two major classes, and it mainly to include plating, chemical plating, phosphatization, cathode that one is wet process depositing process
The technology modes such as electrophoretic deposition;Another kind is dry method depositing process, mainly include physical vapour deposition (PVD) (such as ion plating, evaporation plating and
Magnetron sputtering), spraying etc. technology modes.Wherein, ability cathode electrophoresis autodepositing epoxy resin coating has lasting corrosion resistance, but its power
It is poor to learn performance especially wearability;The coat of metal has good mechanical property, but its corrosion resistance is poor.Therefore, exploitation is burnt
Tie neodymium iron boron magnetic body surface high abrasion, high anti-corrosion environmental type coating paint-on technique becomes current Sintered NdFeB magnet table
The problem of face protection one urgent need to resolve in field.
In conclusion for a series of problems existing for current Sintered NdFeB magnet surface protection coating, in view of inorganic
Nonmetallic coating has the characteristics that excellent corrosion resistance, heat resistance, wearability and non-aging, can be by Inorganic and Nonmetallic Coating
Plating to Sintered NdFeB magnet surface, for improve current Sintered NdFeB magnet surface protection coating there are the problem of.Its
In, glass coating becomes the new developing direction of Inorganic and Nonmetallic Coating with antiseptic property simple to operation and excellent.Pass through
Nano ceramic material is added on the basis of glass coating preparation, nano composite system coating can be obtained, can be further improved
Hardness, wearability and the corrosion resistance of coating improve high temperature resistant, the oxidation resistance of material, and that expands magnet should field.
Summary of the invention
The present invention existing Sintered NdFeB magnet surfacecti proteon painting/coating there are aiming at the problem that, provide a kind of wear-resisting anti-
The preparation method of rotten Sintered NdFeB magnet.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of wear-and corrosion-resistant Sintered NdFeB magnet, includes the following steps:
(1) magnet surface is handled:Blast processing is carried out to the Sintered NdFeB magnet after chamfering, removes the oxygen of magnet surface
Change film, it is preheated after ultrasonic cleaning;
(2) preparation of wear-and corrosion-resistant coating:Wear-resistant anticorrosive material is coated after preheat using plasma melting coating technique
Nano-glass composite ceramic coat is prepared in magnet surface in neodymium iron boron magnetic body surface;
(3) coating magnet heat treatment:The magnet of coated with nano Glass Composite Ceramics coating is heat-treated, preparation is provided
There is the Sintered NdFeB magnet of wear-and corrosion-resistant.
Further scheme, the processing of blast described in step (1) are the Brown Alundums pair for using 200~400 mesh, being mixed with bead
Neodymium iron boron magnetic body after chamfering carries out blast processing, wherein the mass ratio of bead and Brown Alundum is (4~6):1, blast angle
It is 20 °~70 °, the blast time is 3~7min;The temperature of the preheating is 130~160 DEG C.
Further scheme, the wear-resistant anticorrosive material are stirred by glass glaze and nano ceramic material,
Middle glass glaze accounts for the 90~96% of gross mass, and surplus is ceramic material.
Further scheme, the glass glaze are made of by weight following component:50~60 parts of SiO2, 18~20
Part Bi2O3, 10~12 parts of Al2O3, 9~11 parts of ZnO, 1~2 part of MnO2, 4~6 parts of Co2O3, 1~3 part of MoO3, 1~2 part of WO3, 0.2
~1 part of Sb2O3, 1~4 part of SrO, 0.2~0.8 part of ZrO2, 2~4 parts of Na2O, 0.5~1.5 part of TiO2。
Further scheme, the glass glaze are the powders for being 10~50 μm at partial size through ball milling, nano ceramic material
Partial size is 10~100nm.
Further scheme, the nano ceramic material are nano aluminium oxide ceramics, nano-si 3 n 4 ceramics, nanometer silicon carbide
At least one of ceramics, nano-hexagonal boron nitride ceramics.
Further scheme, the medium ion-gas of plasma melting coating technique described in step (2) are Ar gas, plasma cladding process
In parameter setting range be:Operating voltage be 16~18V, operating current be 110~130A, powder feeding gas flow be 0.7~
0.9m3/ h, shield gas flow rate are 1.1~1.3m3/ h, nozzle distance magnet surface be 10~12mm, scanning speed be 2~
8mm/s。
Further scheme, heat treatment described in step (3) are the magnetic that surface is coated with to nano-glass composite ceramic coat
Body is placed in vacuum heat treatment furnace, and the temperature of heat treatment is 620~720 DEG C, the time is 1~3h.
The present invention prepares one layer of wear-and corrosion-resistant coating on Sintered NdFeB magnet surface, and with high abrasion, height is anti-corrosion
And the performances such as high-bond, and magnetic screening action will not be generated to magnet, efficiently solve current organic coating mechanical property
It especially wears no resistance and the problem of coat of metal corrosion resistance difference.
Wear-resistant anticorrosive material is coated in the surface of magnet, nano-glass composite ceramic using plasma melting coating technique by the present invention
Combination between porcelain coating and matrix is metallurgical bonding, so the binding force between coating and matrix is high, in glass glaze
The wearability of coating is greatly improved in dopen Nano ceramic material in material.
And to be coated with nano-glass composite ceramic coat magnet be heat-treated, can get fine microstructures, densification,
The cladding layer of even, imporosity and crackle effectively eliminates the stress generated between matrix and coating by plasma cladding processing.
So the nano-glass composite ceramic that the present invention uses plasma melting coating technique to prepare on Sintered NdFeB magnet surface
Porcelain coating coating has the excellent performances such as high wearability, high corrosion resistance, high binding force and heat-resisting quantity, and will not
Magnetic screening action is generated to Sintered NdFeB magnet.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the contents of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1:A kind of preparation method of wear-and corrosion-resistant Sintered NdFeB magnet, includes the following steps:
(1) magnet surface is handled:
Use specification for the blocky Sintered NdFeB magnet of 50mm × 30mm × 12mm (do not magnetize, it is new by Anhui the earth bear
Material limited liability company provides) it is tested.
Using the Brown Alundum (size for being mixed with bead:200 mesh) Sintered NdFeB magnet after chamfering is carried out at blast
Reason, wherein the ratio of bead and Brown Alundum is about 4:1, for blast angle at 20 °, the blast time is 3min, will finally be sintered neodymium
Iron boron magnet is cleaned by ultrasonic 1min in deionized water.Then 130 DEG C of preheating is carried out to it.
(2) preparation of wear-and corrosion-resistant coating:
Required glass glaze is prepared first, and the raw material of the glass glaze are:50 parts of SiO2, 18 parts of Bi2O3, 10 parts
Al2O3, 9 parts of ZnO, 1 part of MnO2, 4 parts of Co2O3, 1 part of MoO3, 1 part of WO3, 0.2 part of Sb2O3, 1 part of SrO, 0.2 part of ZrO2, 2 parts of Na2O,
0.5 part of TiO2.Each raw material is mixed, is then controlled glass glaze granularity at 10 μm using ball milling method.The nanometer
Ceramic material is nano aluminium oxide ceramics, and size is in 10nm.Glass glaze and nano ceramic material are pressed 90:10 progress machinery stir
It mixes and mixes to obtain wear-resistant anticorrosive material.
Using plasma melting coating technique by wear-resistant anticorrosive material be coated in preheating neodymium iron boron magnetic body surface, wherein wait from
Sub- gas is Ar gas, and the parameter setting range during plasma cladding is:Operating voltage is 16V, operating current 110A, powder feeding
Gas flow is 0.7m3/ h, shield gas flow rate 1.1m3/ h, nozzle distance magnet surface are 10mm, scanning speed 2mm/
s。
(3) coating magnet heat treatment:
It places it in vacuum heat treatment furnace, handles 1h at being 620 DEG C in temperature, obtain wear-and corrosion-resistant neodymium iron boron magnetic body.
Embodiment 2:A kind of preparation method of wear-and corrosion-resistant Sintered NdFeB magnet, includes the following steps:
(1) neodymium iron boron magnetic body is surface-treated:
Use specification for the blocky Sintered NdFeB magnet of 50mm × 30mm × 12mm (do not magnetize, it is new by Anhui the earth bear
Material limited liability company provides) it is tested.
Using the Brown Alundum (size for being mixed with bead:300 mesh) Sintered NdFeB magnet after chamfering is carried out at blast
Reason, wherein the ratio of bead and Brown Alundum is about 5:1, for blast angle at 45 °, the blast time is 5min, will finally be sintered neodymium
Iron boron magnet is cleaned by ultrasonic 1.5min in deionized water and then carries out 145 DEG C of preheating to it.
(2) preparation of wear-and corrosion-resistant coating:
Required glass glaze is prepared first, and the raw material of the glass glaze are 55 parts of SiO2, 19 parts of Bi2O3, 11 parts
Al2O3, 10 parts of ZnO, 1.5 parts of MnO2, 5 parts of Co2O3, 2 parts of MoO3, 1.5 parts of WO3, 0.6 part of Sb2O3, 2.5 parts of SrO, 0.5 part of ZrO2,
3 parts of Na2O, 0.75 part of TiO2.Each raw material is mixed, is then controlled glass glaze granularity at 30 μm using ball milling method.
The nano ceramic material is nano-si 3 n 4 ceramics, having a size of 55nm.Glass glaze and nano ceramic material are pressed 93:7
It carries out mechanical stirring and mixes to obtain wear-resistant anticorrosive material.
Wear-resistant anticorrosive material is coated in by pretreated neodymium iron boron magnetic body surface using plasma melting coating technique, it is medium
Ion-gas is Ar gas, and the parameter setting range during plasma cladding is:Operating voltage is 17V, and operating current 120A is sent
Powder gas flow is 0.8m3/ h, shield gas flow rate 1.2m3/ h, nozzle distance magnet surface are 11mm, and scanning speed is
5mm/s。
(3) coating magnet heat treatment:
It places it in vacuum heat treatment furnace, is 670 DEG C of processing 2h in temperature, obtains wear-and corrosion-resistant neodymium iron boron magnetic body.
Embodiment 3:A kind of preparation method of wear-and corrosion-resistant Sintered NdFeB magnet, includes the following steps:
(1) neodymium iron boron magnetic body is surface-treated:
Use specification for the blocky Sintered NdFeB magnet of 50mm × 30mm × 12mm (do not magnetize, it is new by Anhui the earth bear
Material limited liability company provides) it is tested.
Using the Brown Alundum (size for being mixed with bead:400 mesh) Sintered NdFeB magnet after chamfering is carried out at blast
Reason, wherein the ratio of bead and Brown Alundum is about 6:1, for blast angle at 70 °, the blast time is 7min, will finally be sintered neodymium
Iron boron magnet is cleaned by ultrasonic 2min in deionized water.Before plasma cladding processing, 160 DEG C of preheating is carried out to matrix.
(2) preparation of wear-and corrosion-resistant coating:
Required glass glaze is prepared first, and the raw material of the glass glaze are 60 parts of SiO2, 20 parts of Bi2O3, 12 parts
Al2O3, 11 parts of ZnO, 2 parts of MnO2, 6 parts of Co2O3, 3%MoO3, 2 parts of WO3, 1 part of Sb2O3, 4 parts of SrO, 0.8 part of ZrO2, 4 parts of Na2O,
1.5 parts of TiO2.Each raw material is mixed, is then controlled glass glaze granularity at 50 μm using ball milling method.The nanometer
Ceramic material is nano silicon carbide ceramic, having a size of 100nm.Glass glaze and nano ceramic material are pressed 96:4 carry out machinery
It is stirred to obtain wear-resistant anticorrosive material.
Wear-resistant anticorrosive material is coated in by pretreated neodymium iron boron magnetic body surface using plasma melting coating technique, it is medium
Ion-gas is Ar gas, and the parameter setting range during plasma cladding is:Operating voltage is 18V, and operating current 130A is sent
Powder gas flow is 0.9m3/ h, shield gas flow rate 1.3m3/ h, nozzle distance magnet surface are 12mm, and scanning speed is
8mm/s。
(3) coating magnet heat treatment:
It places it in vacuum heat treatment furnace, is 720 DEG C of processing 3h in temperature, obtains wear-and corrosion-resistant neodymium iron boron magnetic body.
Reference examples 1
(1) neodymium iron boron magnetic body is surface-treated:
Use specification for the blocky Sintered NdFeB magnet of 50mm × 30mm × 12mm (do not magnetize, it is new by Anhui the earth bear
Material limited liability company provides) it is tested.
Using the Brown Alundum (size for being mixed with bead:400 mesh) Sintered NdFeB magnet after chamfering is carried out at blast
Reason, wherein the ratio of bead and Brown Alundum is about 5:1, for blast angle at 45 °, the blast time is 5min, will finally be sintered neodymium
Iron boron magnet is cleaned by ultrasonic 1.5min in deionized water.
(2) preparation of electroless nickel layer:
Using electroless nickel layer on the Sintered NdFeB magnet surface of electroplating technology after the pre-treatment, electroplating technological parameter is:
Bath temperature is 46 DEG C, bath pH value 4.6, current density 2A/dm2, electroplating time 40min.
Carrying out salt spray test, wearability respectively to product prepared by Examples 1 to 3 and reference examples 1 can be by coating hardness
Test indicates and the test of magnetic loss rate, concrete outcome see the table below:
Product | Salt spray test (h) | Hardness (HV) | Magnetic loss rate (%) |
Embodiment 1 | 840 | 1203 | 0 |
Embodiment 2 | 842 | 1205 | 0 |
Embodiment 3 | 840 | 1204 | 0 |
Reference examples 1 | 72 | 980 | 0.91 |
By upper table it can be found that the present invention is received by being covered in the painting of Sintered NdFeB magnet surface plasma melting and coating technique
After rice Glass Composite Ceramics coating, the resistance to neutral salt spray test ability and hardness of magnet are significantly improved, the magnetic loss of magnet
Rate is zero, illustrates that the corrosion resisting property of magnet and wear-resisting property are significant after Sintered NdFeB magnet surface coats wear-resistant anticorrosive material
It improves, and magnetic screening action will not be generated to magnet.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and it cannot be said that the present invention is specifically real
It applies and is only limitted to these explanations.For those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs, before not departing from present inventive concept
It puts, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made, all shall be regarded as belonging to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of wear-and corrosion-resistant Sintered NdFeB magnet, it is characterised in that:Include the following steps:
(1)Magnet surface processing:Blast processing is carried out to the Sintered NdFeB magnet after chamfering, removes the oxidation of magnet surface
Film preheats it after ultrasonic cleaning;
(2)The preparation of wear-and corrosion-resistant coating:Wear-resistant anticorrosive material is coated by neodymium iron after preheat using plasma melting coating technique
Boron magnet surface prepares nano-glass composite ceramic coat in magnet surface;
(3)Coat magnet heat treatment:The magnet of coated with nano Glass Composite Ceramics coating is heat-treated, is prepared with resistance to
Grind corrosion-resistant Sintered NdFeB magnet.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(1)Described in blast processing be using 200 ~
400 mesh, the Brown Alundum for being mixed with bead carry out blast processing to the neodymium iron boron magnetic body after chamfering, wherein bead and Brown Alundum
Mass ratio be (4 ~ 6):1, blast angle is 20 ° ~ 70 °, and the blast time is 3 ~ 7 min;The temperature of the preheating is 130 ~ 160
℃。
3. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The wear-resistant anticorrosive material be by glass glaze with receive
Rice ceramic material is stirred, and wherein glass glaze accounts for the 90 ~ 96% of gross mass, and surplus is ceramic material.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The glass glaze be by following component by weight
Composition:50 ~ 60 parts of SiO2, 18 ~ 20 parts of Bi2O3, 10 ~ 12 parts of Al2O3, 9 ~ 11 parts of ZnO, 1 ~ 2 part of MnO2, 4 ~ 6 parts of Co2O3, 1 ~ 3 part
MoO3, 1 ~ 2 part of WO3, 0.2 ~ 1 part of Sb2O3, 1 ~ 4 part of SrO, 0.2 ~ 0.8 part of ZrO2, 2 ~ 4 parts of Na2O, 0.5 ~ 1.5 part of TiO2。
5. preparation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The glass glaze be through ball milling at partial size be 10 ~
50 μm of powder, the partial size of nano ceramic material are 10 ~ 100nm.
6. preparation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The nano ceramic material is nano aluminium oxide pottery
At least one of porcelain, nano-si 3 n 4 ceramics, nano silicon carbide ceramic, nano-hexagonal boron nitride ceramics.
7. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(2)Described in plasma melting coating technique it is medium
Ion-gas is Ar gas, and the parameter setting range during plasma cladding is:Operating voltage is 16 ~ 18 V, operating current 110
~ 130 A, powder feeding gas flow are 0.7 ~ 0.9 m3/ h, shield gas flow rate are 1.1 ~ 1.3 m3/ h, nozzle distance magnet surface
For 10 ~ 12 mm, scanning speed is 2 ~ 8 mm/s.
8. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(3)Described in heat treatment be to coat surface
There is the magnet of nano-glass composite ceramic coat to be placed in vacuum heat treatment furnace, the temperature of heat treatment is 620 ~ 720 DEG C, time
For 1 ~ 3h.
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