CN108900225B - Bidirectional full-duplex MIMO relay antenna selection safe transmission method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bidirectional full-duplex MIMO relay antenna selection safe transmission method, wherein a full-duplex MIMO relay system comprises a user A, a user B, a relay and an eavesdropper, and the user A, the user B, the relay R and the eavesdropper E are all provided with multiple antennas, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a transmitting antenna of a user A, a transmitting antenna of a user B and a receiving antenna of a relay; acquiring a receiving antenna of a user A, a receiving antenna of a user B and a transmitting antenna of a relay; acquiring a receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user A, a receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user B and a receiving signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of an eavesdropper E based on a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna of the user A, a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna of the user B and a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna of a relay; and acquiring the instantaneous safety capacity of the full-duplex MIMO relay system based on the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user A, the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user B and the receiving signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the eavesdropper E. The invention can effectively improve the safety capacity of the whole system by selecting the optimal transmitting and receiving antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless communication and physical layer security, in particular to a bidirectional full-duplex MIMO (multiple input multiple output) relay antenna selection secure transmission method.
Background
In the development of wireless communication technology, various secure communicationsTechnology has also developed. The physical layer safety is based on the channel coding technology of the Shannon theory, and the information is safely transmitted by utilizing the complex space characteristic and the time-varying characteristic of a wireless channel. Wyner originality puts forward concept of physical layer security and related indexes thereof[1]. Subsequently, physical layer security technologies are rapidly developing, and especially relay cooperative communication technologies and antenna selection technologies are increasingly used to secure information transmission.
Compared with the traditional wireless communication network, the relay cooperative communication technology, especially the bidirectional relay, is receiving more and more attention of researchers, the network coverage can be expanded, the communication transmission quality can be improved, and the safety transmission performance can be effectively improved. Document [2] [3] indicates that the cooperative relay transmission method can improve the security performance of wireless communication. The bidirectional relay may be divided into a half-duplex relay and a full-duplex relay according to the working mode, as in document [4] [5], the half-duplex working mode is mostly adopted in the conventional bidirectional relay, and only the function of receiving or transmitting information can be realized independently, while with the development of the technology, the full-duplex technology is gradually adopted in the bidirectional relay, as in document [6] [7], the full-duplex relay is adopted regardless of whether the bidirectional relay is a general relay or an untrusted relay, and the full-duplex relay can simultaneously realize the function of receiving and transmitting information, and compared with the half-duplex mode, the communication transmission efficiency can be improved.
The antenna selection technology is an important transmission technology in a bidirectional multi-antenna node system, has low computational complexity and design cost, and generally selects an antenna with the best channel condition from a plurality of antennas, wherein the selection criterion is mainly used for maximizing the transmission performance or the safety performance of the system. For example, in document [8], in a bidirectional full-duplex relay cooperative communication system, by selecting four antenna selection methods for a multi-antenna dual-source, each method improves the transmission performance of the system to different degrees, but the whole system does not consider the security problem, and if an eavesdropper is encountered, the security performance of the system is greatly challenged.
However, in the existing research, two technologies are rarely combined, a bidirectional relay cooperative communication technology or an antenna selection technology is generally used unilaterally, particularly, the antenna selection technology is rarely used, and the two technologies can only improve the safety performance of the system to a limited extent. In order to improve the system security performance, the traditional bidirectional relay cooperative communication technology often sends artificial noise to interfere with eavesdroppers, and usually adopts a precoding method, for example, in document [7], a multi-antenna dual-information source transmits artificial noise to interfere with a multi-antenna untrusted relay, so that although the average security rate of the system is increased, compared with an antenna selection method, the system is high in complexity and complex to operate; in a conventional antenna technology such as a beam forming technology, for example, in a multi-antenna bidirectional untrusted relay system in document [6], a beam forming technology is adopted for relaying, and a beam forming matrix is optimized to maximize a system security rate, although system performance can be improved, compared with an antenna selection method, a system is required to have a strong signal processing capability, and device use cost and power consumption are greatly increased, and these defects all bring challenges to improving performance of a communication system.
Appendix documents:
[1]Wyner A D.The wire-tap channel[J].The bell system technical journal,1975,54(8):1355-1387.
[2]Dong L,Han Z,Petropulu A P,et al.Improving wireless physical layer security via cooperating relays[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2010,58(3):1875-1888.
[3]Laneman J N,Tse D N C,Wornell G W.Cooperative diversity in wireless networks:Efficient protocols and outage behavior[J].IEEE Transactions on Information theory,2004,50(12):3062-3080.
[4]Hang Long,Wei Xiang,Yueying Zhang,et al.Cooperative jamming and power allocation in three-phase two-way relaying wiretap systems[J].IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference(WCNC),2013.
[5]Yunchuan Yang,Hui Zhao,Cong Sun,et al.Iterative algorithm for secrecy guarantee with null space beamforming in two-way relay networks[J].IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference(WCNC),2013.
[6]Jianhua Mo,Meixia Tao,Yuan Liu,et al.Secure beamforming for MIMO two-way transmission with an untrusted relay[J].IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference(WCNC),2013.Quanzhong Li,Liang Yang.Artificial Noise Aided Secure Precoding for MIMO Untrusted Two-Way Relay Systems with Perfect and Imperfect Channel State Information[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security,2018,13(10):2628-2638.
[7]Efendi F,Oguz Kucur.Performance of transceiver antenna selection in two way full-duplex relay networks over Rayleigh fading channels[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2018(Accepted).
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a bidirectional full-duplex MIMO relay antenna selection safety transmission method, designs an antenna selection criterion which comprehensively considers the statistical Channel State Information (CSI) of an eavesdropper, maximizes the relay receiving signal-to-noise ratio and the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of a user, weakens the receiving signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the eavesdropper, analyzes the influence of the settings of different users and the number of relay antennas on the safety performance of a system, and accordingly improves the safety transmission performance of the system.
The technical method for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a bidirectional full-duplex MIMO relay antenna selection secure transmission method is provided, the full-duplex MIMO relay system comprises a user A, a user B, a relay and an eavesdropper, the user A, the user B, the relay R and the eavesdropper E are all provided with multiple antennas, the information transmission is completed in a time slot, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring a transmitting antenna i of a user A, a transmitting antenna n of a user B and a receiving antenna j of a relay; wherein, i ═ 1.., NA，NARepresents the number of antennas of user a; n1, NB，NBRepresents the number of antennas of user B; j ═ 1.., NR，NRIndicating the number of antennas relayed;
acquiring a receiving antenna p of a user A, a receiving antenna m of a user B and a relay transmitting antenna k; wherein, p is 1A-1；m＝1,...,NB-1；k＝1,...,NR-1；
Acquiring a receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user A, a receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user B and a receiving signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of an eavesdropper E based on the transmitting antenna i and the receiving antenna p of the user A, the transmitting antenna n and the receiving antenna m of the user B, and the receiving antenna j and the transmitting antenna k of the relay;
and acquiring the instantaneous safety capacity of the full-duplex MIMO relay system based on the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user A, the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user B and the receiving signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the eavesdropper E.
Preferably, the acquiring the transmitting antenna i of the user a, the transmitting antenna n of the user B, and the receiving antenna j of the relay includes:
based on the known average CSI of the user-to-eavesdropper link and the user-to-relay link, and on the principle of maximizing the user and relay receiving signal-to-noise ratio, the selection criteria of the transmitting antenna i of the user a, the transmitting antenna n of the user B and the relay receiving antenna j are designed as follows:
wherein h isAR,i,jRepresents the channel parameters from user a to relay R; gAE,iRepresenting the channel parameters from user A to eavesdropper E; h isBR,n,jRepresenting the channel parameters from user B to relay R; gBE,nRepresenting the channel parameters from user B to eavesdropper E; e { X } represents averaging X;
users A and B broadcast information to relay and eavesdropping terminals, and the received signal of the relay is expressed as
Wherein,
which represents the transmit power of the user a,
denotes the transmission power of user B, P denotes the totalPower, α is a power allocation factor; x is the number ofA[n]Indicating that the relay received the user a signal; x is the number ofB[n]Indicating that the received user B signal is relayed; n isR[n]Indicates the received variance over the relay as σ2Additive white gaussian noise of (1); because the transmission of the text has two hops, the relay generates a certain time delay when decoding the forwarding information, and n represents the current time.
Preferably, the acquiring the receiving antenna p of the user a, the receiving antenna m of the user B, and the relay transmitting antenna k includes:
the selection criteria for the receiving antenna p of user a, the receiving antenna m of user B and the transmitting antenna k of the relay are designed as follows:
wherein h isRA,k,pA channel parameter representing relay R to user a; gRE,kA channel parameter representing the relay R to the eavesdropper E; h isRB,k,mRepresenting the channel parameters of the relay R to the user B;
the relay forwards the decoded information to a user A and a user B, and the received signal expression of the user A is as follows:
the received signal expression for user B is:
wherein P isR(1- α) P represents the transmission power of the relay; n isA[n]Indicates that the variance received by user a is σ2Additive white gaussian noise of (1); n isB[n]Indicates that the variance received by user B is sigma2Additive white gaussian noise of (1); x is the number ofR[n+1]Indicating that the user received a signal from the relay.
Preferably, the acquiring the received signal-to-noise ratio of the user a, the received signal-to-noise ratio of the user B, and the received signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the eavesdropper E includes:
the relay adopts a fixed decoding forwarding protocol, and the receiving signal-to-noise ratio expressions of the user A and the user B are as follows:
the received signal of the eavesdropper is expressed as
Wherein x isA[n]Indicating the reception of a signal, x, by an eavesdropperB[n]Indicating the reception of a user B signal, x, by an eavesdropperR[n+1]Signals representing relay broadcasts out; n isE[n]Means that the variance received by the eavesdropper is sigma2Additive white Gaussian noise with vector order of NE×1，NENumber of antennas representing an eavesdropper;
since the eavesdropper can only eavesdrop the information transmitted by the information source, the information forwarded by the relay decoding is an interference signal for the eavesdropper, and the received signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the eavesdropper can be expressed as
Preferably, the acquiring the instantaneous safety capacity of the full-duplex MIMO relay system includes:
the expression of the instantaneous safety capacity is as follows:
CS＝[CA+CB-CE]+
＝[log2(1+γA)+log2(1+γB)-log2(1+γE)]+
in which the channel capacity C of the channel is tappedE＝log2(1+γE) Channel capacity C of a legal channelA＝log2(1+γA),CB＝log2(1+γB)；[x]+＝max{0,x}。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention combines the full-duplex multi-antenna two-way relay cooperative communication technology with the antenna selection method, selects the optimal transmitting and receiving antenna which can enable the system safety capacity to obtain the maximum value, increases the channel capacity of a legal channel, weakens the receiving signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of an eavesdropper while optimizing the two-way relay receiving signal-to-noise ratio and the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of a user, and effectively improves the safety capacity of the whole system; the analysis of the influence of different antenna numbers of the user and the relay on the safety performance of the system shows that the safety performance of the system can be well improved only by properly increasing the antenna numbers of the user and the relay;
(2) according to the invention, the user A, the user B, the relay R and the eavesdropper E are all provided with multiple antennas, so that the safety performance of the system is obviously improved;
(3) although the existing beam forming technology can improve the system performance, the system is required to have strong signal processing capability, so that the use cost and the power consumption of equipment can be greatly increased; the traditional optimal precoding method is high in calculation complexity and complex to operate; the invention has low complexity and convenient operation, and only needs to eavesdrop the statistical CSI of the channel without knowing the instantaneous CSI of the eavesdrop channel.
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the drawings and embodiments, but the method for selecting a secure transmission from a bidirectional full-duplex MIMO relay antenna according to the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system architecture model of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the safe capacity performance of the antenna selection method of the present invention with other antenna selection methods;
fig. 3 is a comparison graph of the impact of different signal source and relay antenna numbers set by the antenna selection method of the present invention on the system security performance.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a bidirectional full-duplex MIMO relay antenna selection secure transmission method, where the full-duplex MIMO relay system includes a user a, a user B, a relay and an eavesdropper, and the user a, the user B, the relay R and the eavesdropper E are all configured with multiple antennas (the number of antennas at nodes A, B, R and E is N, respectively)A、NB、NRAnd NE) The transmission of the information is completed in one time slot. A user A and a user B adopt a transmitting antenna selection technology for a relay and an eavesdropper, the relay adopts a transmitting antenna selection technology for the user A, the user B and the eavesdropper (an antenna with an outward arrow in figure 1 represents a selected transmitting antenna, an antenna with an inward arrow represents a selected receiving antenna), each channel modeling in the system considers a quasi-static flat Rayleigh fading channel, all the channels are mutually independent, and channel parameters of A to R, R to B, B to R, R to A, A to E, B to E and R to E are respectively expressed as
Wherein, i (i ═ 1.., N)A)，k(k＝1,...,NR-1)，n(n＝1,...,NB) Denotes the number of the transmit antenna on user a, relay and user B, respectively, and p (p ═ 1A-1)，j(j＝1,...,NR)，m(m＝1,...,NB-1) The numbers of the receiving antennas at user a, relay and user B are indicated respectively. And the relay performs channel estimation through the pilot signal and feeds back the estimated CSI to the user A and the user B so as to facilitate antenna selection of each node. It is assumed that the user and the relay only know the statistical CSI of the eavesdropping node, i.e. the average CSI.
Step 1: assuming total power P, the power at which user A transmits information is
User B transmits information at a power of
Relay transmission power is PR(1- α) P, where α is a power division factor, and 0<α<1. Assuming that average channel state information of a link from A to E, a link from B to E and a link from R to E are respectively known by two users and a relay, an antenna selection criterion needs to consider that the received signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of an eavesdropper can be reduced as much as possible while the received signal-to-noise ratios of the relay and the users are maximized, and the selection criteria of a transmitting antenna i of the user A, a transmitting antenna n of the user B and a receiving antenna j of the relay are designed as follows:
where E { X } represents averaging X.
Users A and B broadcast information to relay and eavesdropping terminals, and the received signal of the relay is expressed as
Wherein, PAFor the transmission power of user A, PBFor user B, xA[n]For relay reception of user A signals, xB[n]For relaying the received user B signal, nR[n]Indicates the received variance over the relay as σ2The additive white gaussian noise is generated by a relay when decoding forwarding information because the transmission of the text has two hops, and n represents the current time.
Step 2: according to the antenna distribution of the user A, the user B and the relay, the selection criteria of the receiving antenna p of the user A, the receiving antenna m of the user B and the transmitting antenna k of the relay are designed as follows:
the relay forwards the decoded information to users A and B, and the signal receiving expression of the user A is as follows:
the signal receiving expression of the user B is as follows:
wherein, PRFor the transmitted power of the relay, nA[n]Indicates that the variance received by user a is σ2Additive white gaussian noise of, nB[n]Indicates that the variance received by user B is sigma2Additive white gaussian noise of (x)R[n+1]For the signals from the relay received by the user, because the relay needs time for decoding and forwarding, the information received by the user A and the user B and transmitted by the relay has time delay.
Since the relay uses a fixed decode-and-forward protocol, the received snr for user a and user B can be expressed as:
the received signal expression of the eavesdropper is:
wherein x isA[n]For the user A signal, x, received by an eavesdropperB[n]For a user B signal, x, received by an eavesdropperR[n+1]The signal from the relay received by the eavesdropper is represented, and the relay decoding and forwarding require time, so that the signal is sent by the relay received by the eavesdropperInformation present delay, nE[n]Means that the variance received by the eavesdropper is sigma2Additive white Gaussian noise with vector order of NE×1。
Since the eavesdropper can only eavesdrop on the information transmitted by the information sources (user A and user B), the information forwarded by the relay decoding is an interference signal for the eavesdropper, and the received signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the eavesdropper can be expressed as
And step 3: the channel capacity of the gaussian wiretap channel is expressed as the difference between the channel capacity of the legitimate channel and the channel capacity of the wiretap channel. For the context model, the channel capacity of the eavesdropping channel may be denoted as CE＝log2(1+γE) The channel capacity of a legitimate channel may be denoted CA＝log2(1+γA),CB＝log2(1+γB). The instantaneous safety capacity of the system can be expressed as
CS＝[CA+CB-CE]+
＝[log2(1+γA)+log2(1+γB)-log2(1+γE)]+,.
Wherein [ x ]]+＝max{0,x}。
The security performance index of the transmission system is simulated, analyzed and verified, wherein the simulation times are one million times, the average channel gain of each channel is 1, and the received noise variance of each node is normalized.
Fig. 2 is a comparison of the safe capacity performance of the antenna selection method of the present invention with other methods. Antenna selection method and random antenna selection method of the present invention set NA＝NR＝NE＝ N B3,5,8 respectively, and the relay half-duplex method sets NA＝NR＝NE＝NBα is 3, α is 0.5. As can be seen from fig. 2, the system security capacity of the antenna selection method and the random antenna selection method of the present invention is dependent on the userThe increase of the transmission power increases, but the system safety capacity of the antenna selection method of the invention is always larger than that of the random antenna selection method, and the performance superiority of the method is highlighted. Compared with the traditional half-duplex method, the method has the advantages that the safety throughput is greatly improved, the traversal safety capacity of the traditional half-duplex method is not obviously changed along with the increase of the transmitting power of the information source, and the traversal safety capacity is nearly zero because the eavesdropping of an eavesdropper is not interfered. In addition, the system safety capacity of the antenna selection method of the invention is increased along with the increase of the number of the antennas of each node, and the system safety capacity of the random antenna selection method is not changed.
Fig. 3 is a comparison of the impact of different signal sources (user a and user B) and the number of relay antennas set by the antenna selection method of the present invention on the system security performance. Setting NE＝NB＝3,α＝0.5，NA，NRThe arrangement of (2) is as shown in the figure. As can be seen, following NA，NB，NRThe safe capacity of the system is increased. Therefore, the safety performance of the whole system can be effectively improved by properly increasing the number of the antennas of the user and the relay during the system design.
It should be noted that the sir referred to in the present invention represents a ratio of a useful signal to a noise signal to an interference signal, which is called a received sir for short, and an eavesdropper receives the interference signal and therefore receives the sir, while the relays of the user a and the user B do not have the interference signal and therefore receive the snr.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A bidirectional full-duplex MIMO relay antenna selection secure transmission method is characterized in that a full-duplex MIMO relay system comprises a user A, a user B, a relay and an eavesdropper, wherein the user A, the user B, the relay R and the eavesdropper E are all provided with multiple antennas, and information transmission is completed in a time slot, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
based on the known average CSI of a link from a user to an eavesdropper and a link from the user to a relay, a transmitting antenna i of the user A, a transmitting antenna n of the user B and a receiving antenna j of the relay, which can improve the system safety performance, are obtained on the principle of maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio of the user and the relay; acquiring a receiving antenna p of a user A, a receiving antenna m of a user B and a relay sending antenna k which can improve the system safety performance; wherein, p is 1A-1；m＝1,...,NB-1；k＝1,...,NR-1；i＝1,...,NA，NARepresents the number of antennas of user a; n1, NB，NBRepresents the number of antennas of user B; j ═ 1.., NR，NRIndicating the number of antennas relayed;
based on the transmitting antenna i and the receiving antenna p of the user A, the transmitting antenna n and the receiving antenna m of the user B, and the receiving antenna j and the transmitting antenna k of the relay, the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user A, the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user B and the receiving signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the eavesdropper E which enable the system to have the maximum instantaneous safety capacity are obtained;
acquiring the instantaneous safety capacity of the full-duplex MIMO relay system based on the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user A, the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user B and the receiving signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the eavesdropper E;
the acquiring of the transmitting antenna i of the user a, the transmitting antenna n of the user B and the receiving antenna j of the relay includes:
the selection criteria for the transmit antenna i of user a, the transmit antenna n of user B and the receive antenna j of the relay are designed as follows:
wherein h isAR,i,jRepresents the channel parameters from user a to relay R; gAE,iRepresenting the channel parameters from user A to eavesdropper E; h isBR,n,jRepresenting the channel parameters from user B to relay R; gBE,nRepresenting the channel parameters from user B to eavesdropper E;
means averaging X;
users A and B broadcast information to relay and eavesdropping terminals, and the received signal of the relay is expressed as
Wherein,
which represents the transmit power of the user a,
representing the transmission power of a user B, P representing the total power, and alpha being a power distribution factor; x is the number ofA[n]Indicating that the relay received the user a signal; x is the number ofB[n]Indicating that the received user B signal is relayed; n isR[n]Indicates the received variance over the relay as σ2Additive white gaussian noise of (1); the transmission has two hops, a relay can generate certain time delay when decoding and forwarding information, and n represents the current time;
the acquiring the receiving antenna p of the user a, the receiving antenna m of the user B and the transmitting antenna k of the relay includes:
the selection criteria for the receiving antenna p of user a, the receiving antenna m of user B and the transmitting antenna k of the relay are designed as follows:
wherein h isRA,k,pA channel parameter representing relay R to user a; gRE,kA channel parameter representing the relay R to the eavesdropper E; h isRB,k,mRepresenting the channel parameters of the relay R to the user B;
the relay forwards the decoded information to a user A and a user B, and the received signal expression of the user A is as follows:
the received signal expression for user B is:
wherein P isR(1- α) P represents the transmission power of the relay; n isA[n]Indicates that the variance received by user a is σ2Additive white gaussian noise of (1); n isB[n]Indicates that the variance received by user B is sigma2Additive white gaussian noise of (1); x is the number ofR[n+1]Signals from the relay that represent the user's reception;
the acquiring of the received signal-to-noise ratio of the user A, the received signal-to-noise ratio of the user B and the received signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the eavesdropper E comprises the following steps:
the relay adopts a fixed decoding forwarding protocol, and the receiving signal-to-noise ratio expressions of the user A and the user B are as follows:
the received signal of the eavesdropper is expressed as
Wherein x isA[n]Indicating the reception of a signal, x, by an eavesdropperB[n]Indicating the reception of a user B signal, x, by an eavesdropperR[n+1]Signals representing relay broadcasts out; n isE[n]Means that the variance received by the eavesdropper is sigma2Is added withWhite Gaussian noise with vector order of NE×1，NENumber of antennas representing an eavesdropper;
since the eavesdropper can only eavesdrop the information transmitted by the information source, the information forwarded by the relay decoding is an interference signal for the eavesdropper, and the received signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the eavesdropper can be expressed as
The acquiring the instantaneous safety capacity of the full-duplex MIMO relay system comprises the following steps:
the expression of the instantaneous safety capacity is as follows:
CS＝[CA+CB-CE]+
＝[log2(1+γA)+log2(1+γB)-log2(1+γE)]+
in which the channel capacity C of the channel is tappedE＝log2(1+γE) Channel capacity C of a legal channelA＝log2(1+γA),CB＝log2(1+γB)；[x]+＝max{0,x}。
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