CN108896831A - The method that a kind of combination interior near field and far field carry out OTA measurement to active antenna - Google Patents
The method that a kind of combination interior near field and far field carry out OTA measurement to active antenna Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention belongs to antenna measurement technical fields, disclose the method that a kind of combination interior near field and far field carry out OTA measurement to active antenna, include the following steps：It is measured using downlink three-dimensional figure of the near field to active antenna；The gain of active antenna and effective omnidirectional radiation power are measured using far field；It is described using downlink three-dimensional figure of the near field to active antenna measure including：The transmitting signal section coupling of active antenna is introduced into near-field measurement system.The present invention solves the problems, such as that near field, far field system are not capable of measuring active antenna in the prior art, have sufficiently excavated the potentiality of measuring system, have made existing measuring system that can take into account testing passive antenna and active antenna.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna measurement fields more particularly to a kind of combination interior near field and far field to carry out to active antenna
The method of OTA measurement.
Background technique
Antenna Pattern Measuring Test is widely used that indoor near field and indoor far field test system at present.
Antenna damnification is (to be less than 2D away from antenna distance in tested antenna near-field area2In the region/λ, D is antenna opening
Diameter, λ are operation wavelength), probe placement known to one group of electrical characteristics in a certain plane near field or curved surface, measure aerial radiation
The amplitude and phase of signal, measurement data is by near field to Far-Zone Field Transformation, by the electrical characteristics that measured body far field is calculated.Closely
Field measurement has many advantages, such as the three-dimensional figure that construction cost is low, measuring speed is fast, one-shot measurement can be obtained by antenna to be measured.
Far-Field antennas measurement system is then to obtain the reception characteristic of antenna with known characteristic plane wave illumination antenna, then sharp
With the principle of reciprocity of antenna, the propagation characteristic of antenna is obtained.When measurement, auxiliary antenna is kept fixed and emits signal, to observation
The center that line is fixed on turntable around oneself rotates a circle, while giving receiver measurement the signal received.Measurement process
Simple, intuitive, but a directional diagram section can only be surveyed every time.
With mobile communications industry flourishing in China, market is to the various antenna such as antenna for base station and indoor distribution
Demand is increased sharply, also very urgent to the testing requirement of various antennas, thus numerous antenna production design producer in all parts of the country,
Institutes sets up the indoor near field of oneself, far-field measurement system successively, forms huge test resource.
Traditional near field, far field test system can only survey passive antenna.At present mobile communication system in, antenna is
Inactive component, be with radio frequency unit it is independent, can separate from system and individually be tested.And active antenna
It is that the conglomerate of antenna and radio frequency unit such as the base station 3D-MIMO is called active antenna, its essence is an included array antennas
Base station, radio frequency unit part and antenna part are closely linked, it is difficult to split.Have to break original survey when test
Examination mode tests RF index and antenna index together, i.e. OTA eats dishes without rice or wine to test, and it is comprehensively true just to obtain active antenna
Index.
With the arriving in 5G epoch, the technologies such as 3D-MIMO technology, multi-user's figuration are risen, traditional near field, far field system
The problem of not being capable of measuring active antenna becomes increasingly conspicuous.Solve the problems, such as this, checkout area needs to increase special equipment, upgrading test control
Software processed carries out upgrading to existing system, this will spend substantial contribution.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present application carries out the side of OTA measurement by providing a kind of combination interior near field and far field to active antenna
Method solves the problems, such as that near field, far field system are not capable of measuring active antenna in the prior art.
The embodiment of the present application provides the method that a kind of combination interior near field and far field carry out OTA measurement to active antenna, packet
Include following steps：
It is measured using downlink three-dimensional figure of the near field to active antenna；
The gain of active antenna and effective omnidirectional radiation power are measured using far field；
It is described using downlink three-dimensional figure of the near field to active antenna measure including：The transmitting of active antenna is believed
Number part coupling introduce near-field measurement system
Preferably, when the active antenna has coupling aperture, the transmitting of the active antenna is obtained by the coupling aperture
Signal, and introduce near-field measurement system；When the active antenna is without coupling aperture, the active antenna is obtained by coupled antenna
Transmitting signal, and introduce near-field measurement system.
Preferably, the transmitting signal of the active antenna carries out intensity tune by coaxial attenuator or low-noise amplifier
Section, then introduces near-field measurement system.
Preferably, during being measured using downlink three-dimensional figure of the near field to active antenna, joined by transmission
The coaxial cable for examining signal makes the active antenna and the near-field measurement system be total to reference source, eliminates transmitting-receiving frequency deviation.
Preferably, it is described using far field to the gain of active antenna and effective omnidirectional radiation power measure including：It is logical
It crosses Network Analyzer and obtains reception level, coaxial cable losses, spatial loss, the electromagnetic horn according to known to characteristic, institute
Reception level, the coaxial cable losses, the spatial is stated to be lost to obtain the gain of active antenna and effective omnidirectional radiation
Power.
Preferably, the process that the gain of active antenna and effective omnidirectional radiation power are measured using far field
In, overturn the transmitting-receiving relationship in far field.
Preferably, the process that the gain of active antenna and effective omnidirectional radiation power are measured using far field
In, so that the active antenna and the far-field measurement system is total to reference source by the coaxial cable of transmission of reference signals, eliminates and receive
Send out frequency departure.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages：
In the embodiment of the present application, signal coupling a part active antenna issued introduces near-field measurement system, makes to have
Source antenna is related to the reception system near field, and the measurement to active antenna downlink three-dimensional figure can be completed by near field.Closely
For the result of field test output in addition to this index of gain, remaining index is all correct.Next to existing far field test
It is partially adjusted, level is received by Network Analyzer read output signal, in addition the composite loss such as cable waste and space loss,
Obtain the EIRP value of active antenna.Active antenna transmission power PTX is subtracted with EIRP, can arrive to obtain active antenna radiating element
The exact value of gain G A completes measurement.Using method proposed by the present invention, do not need to add dedicated set near field or far field
It is standby, change measurement control software is not needed, the measurement to active antenna down direction figure can be completed, has sufficiently excavated measurement system
The potentiality of system make existing measuring system that can take into account testing passive antenna and active antenna.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to needed in embodiment description in order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution in the present embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is one embodiment of the present of invention, for this field
For those of ordinary skill, without creative efforts, it is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of SATIMO SG128 test macro；
Fig. 2 is that the wiring in embodiment one in the room SATIMO SG128 when near field measurement Massive MIMO active antenna is closed
System's figure；
Fig. 3 is wiring relationship when near field measurement is without coupling aperture active antenna in the room SATIMO SG128 in embodiment two
Figure；
Wiring relational graph when Fig. 4 is indoor far-field measurement active antenna in embodiment three.
Specific embodiment
In order to better understand the above technical scheme, in conjunction with appended figures and specific embodiments to upper
Technical solution is stated to be described in detail.
Its essence of near-field measurement system is the Superheterodyne receiving system of an internal loopback, when measuring ordinary passive antenna,
The signal that near-field emissions machine issues is gone out through aerial radiation to be measured, and reception signal is sent to frequency converter for its down coversion by linear transducer array
To intermediate frequency, the amplitude and phase information of signal is obtained after I/Q is demodulated, then subsequent processing completes measurement.And active antenna is certainly
Oneself launches outward signal, does not need the signal input of near field system.At this moment what probe battle array received is the signal that active antenna issues,
Rather than the signal that measuring system issues, two signals are uncorrelated, and demodulator cannot be completed to demodulate, therefore cannot get active antenna institute
The amplitude and phase information of signalling cannot be completed to measure.
Use method provided by the invention, it is only necessary to several coaxial cables and several common radio-frequency devices, active antenna
Signal coupling a part of sending introduces near-field measurement system, keeps it related to the reception system near field, i.e., available near field is completed
Measurement to active antenna downlink three-dimensional figure.The result of near-field test output is in addition to this index of gain, remaining index
It is all correct.Next, carrying out several simple adjustment to far field according to method of the invention, is read and believed by Network Analyzer
Number receive level, in addition the composite loss such as cable waste and space loss, obtain the EIRP value of active antenna.It has been subtracted with EIRP
Source antenna transmission power PTX can arrive to obtain the exact value of active antenna radiating element gain G A, complete measurement.
It using method proposed by the present invention, does not need to add dedicated equipment near field or far field, does not need change measurement
Software is controlled, the measurement to active antenna down direction figure can be completed, sufficiently excavated the potentiality of measuring system, make existing
Measuring system can take into account testing passive antenna and active antenna.
The embodiment one and embodiment two being described below all refer to SATIMO SG128 test macro, therefore right first
SATIMO SG128 test macro is illustrated, to more fully understand the present invention.
SATIMO SG128 test macro can probably divide test hardware (signal source, converter unit, power amplifier and 127
Dual polarization field intensity probe etc.) and two parts of test software (Satimo test software, near field to far field data processing software).Secretly
Room center is the annulus of an internal diameter 6.25M, and 127 probes are spaced 2.83 ° and successively arrange on annulus, and beneath is the five of Orbit
Axis turntable.The lower right corner of annulus is then system meter, and instrument is placed in darkroom, can provide the ring of a long-term constant temperature and humidity
The accuracy of instrumentation is improved in border.System block diagram is as shown in Figure 1：
Tested antenna, which is placed on antenna rotating platform, makees transmitting antenna, and 127 sampling probes receive.The work of basic frequency synthesizer
Working frequency F0, i.e., the tranmitting frequency of tested antenna.The working frequency of side frequency synthesizer is F0+Fif, intermediate frequency Fif=10.7MHz.
High frequency unit actually plays frequency conversion, and intermediate frequency is sent to I&Q demodulator.There is control electronics in probe controller
Card, it is in addition to modulated signal FmExcept being added to each probe above, id signal Fi is successively alternately also added in each spy
On head.Two polarization of each probe are respectively connected on a ring coil, and at some moment, the frequency of only one probe is Fif
±Fm, the frequency of other probes is Fif±Fm±Fi.The filtering of I&Q demodulator receives circuit and only receives Fif±FmSignal.In this way
Alternately the real and imaginary parts of the electromagnetic field of each probe can be sampled out by lock detector, be sent into simulation/number
Word converter.
After the sampled data for obtaining spherical surface near field, system will carry out the transformation near field to far field according to instruction, calculate
The far-field pattern of tested antenna.In test process, antenna turns 180 °, and every turn of 2.57 ° of probes acquire on all test frequency points
Data.Antenna transmitting signal probe bulb separation areal coordinate on θ andTwo polarization resolutes receive, and then synthesize that again
A little actual vector field strength.The direction vector figure that all points of each angle form near field is integrated again.
Embodiment one：
Near field system is near field in the room SATIMO SG128, and antenna to be measured is Massive MIMO active antenna.When measurement,
Referring to fig. 2, specific step is as follows for wiring relationship：
1) active antenna to be measured is fixed on the turntable of near field, is drawn coaxially from the coupling aperture (CAL) of active antenna to be measured
At cable A to the master source front panel of near-field devices cabinet.
2) the master source delivery outlet coaxial cable B of near-field devices cabinet is backed out from master source delivery outlet, is not made
With master source output signal.The delivery outlet of master source is blocked with matched load.I.e. master source is practical is not involved in entirely
Test process.
3) coaxial cable A and coaxial cable B are connected with K-K connector, the signal for issuing antenna to be measured is coupled into closely
Field measurement system, the signal that substitution master source issues.If the overflow or excessively weak being coupled out from antenna to be measured, can seal in
Coaxial attenuator or low-noise amplifier appropriate make the signal level of feed-in near field system and the output level of former master source
Unanimously, 3~6dBm.
4) with the coaxial cable C that both ends are BNC-M connector, active antenna 10MHz to be measured reference is exported " 10MHz OUT "
Auxiliary signal source rear panel " 10MHz IN " mouth of mouth and near-field devices cabinet connects.And auxiliary signal source, which is arranged, makes it use outside
10MHz reference.So that near field system and active antenna to be measured is total to reference source in this way, eliminates transmitting-receiving frequency deviation.
5) adjustment near field receives link gain distribution, makes it be unlikely to full after the high level signal for receiving active antenna
With.
Specific practice：The probe battle array signal of " ACTIVE MEASUREMENT TEST UNIT " equipment in systems receives
Mouth " RX " mouth and " PROBE ARRAY " mouth seal in suitable coaxial attenuator.
6) cable (cable of the feeding F0 to antenna in Fig. 1) for being originally connected to passive antenna is vacant, does not take over what equipment.
7) measurement frequency that near field system is arranged is consistent with the tranmitting frequency of active antenna to be measured, and surveys a frequency every time
Rate.
8) setting active antenna emits CW signal.
9) completing above-mentioned line can start to test with after setting as surveying passive antenna.The coaxial cable additionally introduced
Length pays attention to appropriateness there are surplus, avoids rotating in measurement process intermediate station and breaks cable.
10) it is measured.In the measurement result of output, in addition to this index of gain, remaining index is all correct.
Embodiment two：
Near field system is near field in the room SATIMO SG128, and antenna to be measured is no coupling aperture active antenna.When measurement, wiring
Relationship is referring to Fig. 3, and specific step is as follows：
1) active antenna to be measured is fixed on the turntable of near field.
2) it on turntable, fixes at antenna to be measured with frequency range coupled antenna.Coupled antenna and antenna to be measured keep phase
To static, when test, rotates with antenna to be measured.
3) draw coaxial cable A ' to low-noise amplifier input port from coupled antenna delivery outlet.Low-noise amplifier work frequency
Section is corresponding with antenna band to be measured, and gain size selection gist is：It can guarantee that its delivery outlet level reaches former master source
Output level.For the near field SG128, reach 3~6dBm.
4) from low-noise amplifier delivery outlet, draw at coaxial cable A to the master source front panel of near-field devices cabinet.
5) the master source delivery outlet coaxial cable B of near-field devices cabinet is backed out from master source, does not use main letter
Number source output signal.The defeated outlet of master source is blocked with matched load.That is practical be not involved in of master source was entirely tested
Journey.
6) coaxial cable A and coaxial cable B are connected with K-K connector, the signal for issuing antenna to be measured is coupled into closely
Field measurement system, the signal that substitution master source issues.
7) with the coaxial cable C that both ends are BNC-M connector, active antenna 10MHz to be measured reference is exported " 10MHz OUT "
Auxiliary signal source rear panel " 10MHz IN " mouth of mouth and near-field devices cabinet connects.And auxiliary signal source, which is arranged, makes it use outside
10MHz reference.So that near field system and active antenna to be measured is total to reference source in this way, eliminates transmitting-receiving frequency deviation.
8) adjustment near field receives link gain distribution, makes it be unlikely to full after the high level signal for receiving active antenna
With.
Specific practice：The probe battle array signal of " ACTIVE MEASUREMENT TEST UNIT " equipment in systems receives
Mouth " RX " mouth and " PROBE ARRAY " mouth seal in suitable coaxial attenuator.
9) cable (cable of the feeding F0 to antenna in Fig. 1) for being originally connected to passive antenna is vacant, does not take over what equipment.
10) measurement frequency that near field system is arranged is consistent with the tranmitting frequency of active antenna to be measured, and surveys a frequency every time
Rate.
11) setting active antenna emits CW signal.
12) completing above-mentioned line can start to test with after setting as surveying passive antenna.The coaxial electrical additionally introduced
Cable length pays attention to appropriateness there are surplus, avoids rotating in measurement process intermediate station and breaks cable.
13) coupled antenna position must be adjusted before formal measurement, so that low-noise amplifier output level is met near field requirement, together
When coupled antenna do not influence to treat the measurement of observation line.
14) it is measured.In the measurement result of output, in addition to this index of gain, remaining index is all correct.
Embodiment three：
Far field is 43 meters × 20 meters × 20 meters indoor far fields, and antenna to be measured is Massive MIMO active antenna.When measurement,
Wiring relationship is referring to fig. 4.For convenient for derive, it is specified that following mark：
The gain of electromagnetic horn 1, unit dB, is denoted as：G1；
The gain of electromagnetic horn 2, unit dB, is denoted as：G2；
The loss of coaxial cable 1, unit dB, is denoted as：IL1；
The loss of coaxial cable 2, unit dB, is denoted as：IL2；
Spatial loss, unit dB are denoted as：Lp；
The effective omnidirectional radiation power of active antenna, unit dBm, is denoted as：EIRP；
The gain (gain of radiating element) of active antenna, unit dB are denoted as：GA；
The transmission power of active antenna, unit dBm, is denoted as：PTX。
Specific step is as follows：
1) P1, P2 mouth wiring of Network Analyzer in the equipment enclosure of far field are exchanged, i.e., the transmitting-receiving relationship in reverse far field.It surveys
It is that electromagnetic horn 1 emits signal when measuring passive antenna, the antenna to be measured on turntable receives signal.It is changed to antenna hair to be measured now
It penetrates, electromagnetic horn 1 receives.
2) the turntable end of coaxial cable 2 is first connected to by K-K connector with a relief cable, the other end of relief cable is guided to
At Network Analyzer, total Insertion Loss of two cables is measured, IL is denoted asTOT.Relief cable is removed again, is measured with Network Analyzer auxiliary
The independent Insertion Loss for helping cable, is denoted as ILAUX, then coaxial cable 2 is (including coaxial under coaxial cable, rotary joint, turntable on turntable
The devices such as cable, hilted broadsword variable connector) loss value IL2=ILTOT-ILAUX。
For being tested in 2.6GHz frequency, IL2=12.6-2.6=10.0dB.
3) electromagnetic horn 2 known to characteristic is fixed on turntable aerial position to be measured, connects coaxial cable 2.Control turns
Platform rotation, makes 2 face electromagnetic horn 1 of electromagnetic horn.
4) setting Network Analyzer transmission power is 0dBm, connects each cable.The electricity that Network Analyzer receives at this time
It is flat to be denoted as Rx1,
Then have：Rx1=0-IL2+G2-Lp+G1-IL1 (3-1)
Formula (3-1) transposition：IL1-G1+Lp=G2-IL2-Rx1 (3-2)
Title formula (3-2) left side " IL1-G1+Lp" it is partially composite loss.
By taking Massive MIMO active antenna is tested in 2.6GHz frequency as an example,
It is known：G2=16.93dB；IL2=10.0dB；It measures：Rx1=-65.85dBm,
Substitution formula (3-2), obtaining composite loss is：
IL1-G1+Lp=16.93-10.0+65.85=72.78dB (3-3)
The inconvenient directly measurement of spatial Loss Terms in composite loss, and the loss of coaxial cable 1, because of its length nearly 80
Rice, and connector is located at far field both ends, it is also inconvenient directly to measure.By this method, composite loss value has been obtained indirectly.
5) active antenna to be measured is replaced electromagnetic horn 2, is fixed on turntable aerial position to be measured.Coaxial cable 2 is empty at this time
It sets.Turntable rotation is controlled, active antenna face electromagnetic horn 1 to be measured is made.
6) with the coaxial cable 3 that both ends are BNC-M connector, active antenna 10MHz to be measured reference is exported " 10MHz OUT "
Mouth is connected with Network Analyzer rear panel " 10MHz IN " mouth.And Network Analyzer, which is arranged, refers to it using external 10MHz.This
Sample makes far field system and active antenna to be measured is total to reference source, eliminates transmitting-receiving frequency deviation.
7) setting active antenna emits CW signal.
8) Network Analyzer is arranged in the tranmitting frequency of active antenna, that is, receives the letter of active antenna sending
Number, the reception level that Network Analyzer measures at this time is denoted as Rx2,
Then have：EIRP=Rx2+IL1-G1+Lp (3-4)
The value of wushu (3-3) substitutes into formula (3-4), has：
EIRP=Rx2+72.78(dBm) (3-5)
And：GA=EIRP-PTX(dB) (3-6)
The transmission power P of active antennaTXBe it is known, substitute into formula (3-6) up to active antenna gain.It is measured.
A kind of combination interior near field and far field provided in an embodiment of the present invention carry out the method for OTA measurement extremely to active antenna
It less include following technical effect：
In the embodiment of the present application, signal coupling a part active antenna issued introduces near-field measurement system, makes to have
Source antenna is related to the reception system near field, and the measurement to active antenna downlink three-dimensional figure can be completed by near field.Closely
For the result of field test output in addition to this index of gain, remaining index is all correct.Next to existing far field test
It is partially adjusted, level is received by Network Analyzer read output signal, in addition the composite loss such as cable waste and space loss,
Obtain the EIRP value of active antenna.Active antenna transmission power PTX is subtracted with EIRP, can arrive to obtain active antenna radiating element
The exact value of gain G A completes measurement.Using method proposed by the present invention, do not need to add dedicated set near field or far field
It is standby, change measurement control software is not needed, the measurement to active antenna down direction figure can be completed, has sufficiently excavated measurement system
The potentiality of system make existing measuring system that can take into account testing passive antenna and active antenna.
It should be noted last that the above specific embodiment is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it,
Although being described the invention in detail referring to example, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to the present invention
Technical solution be modified or replaced equivalently, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, should all cover
In the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the method that a kind of combination interior near field and far field carry out OTA measurement to active antenna, which is characterized in that including following step
Suddenly：
It is measured using downlink three-dimensional figure of the near field to active antenna；
The gain of active antenna and effective omnidirectional radiation power are measured using far field；
It is described using downlink three-dimensional figure of the near field to active antenna measure including：By the transmitting signal section of active antenna
Coupling is divided to introduce near-field measurement system.
2. the method that combination interior according to claim 1 near field and far field carry out OTA measurement to active antenna, feature
It is, when the active antenna has coupling aperture, the transmitting signal of the active antenna is obtained by the coupling aperture, and introduce
Near-field measurement system；When the active antenna is without coupling aperture, the transmitting signal of the active antenna is obtained by coupled antenna,
And introduce near-field measurement system.
3. the method that combination interior according to claim 1 or 2 near field and far field carry out OTA measurement to active antenna,
It is characterized in that, the transmitting signal of the active antenna carries out intensity adjustment by coaxial attenuator or low-noise amplifier, then
Introduce near-field measurement system.
4. the method that combination interior according to claim 1 or 2 near field and far field carry out OTA measurement to active antenna,
It is characterized in that, during measuring using downlink three-dimensional figure of the near field to active antenna, passes through transmission of reference signals
Coaxial cable so that the active antenna and the near-field measurement system is total to reference source, eliminate transmitting-receiving frequency deviation.
5. the method that combination interior according to claim 1 near field and far field carry out OTA measurement to active antenna, feature
Be, it is described using far field to the gain of active antenna and effective omnidirectional radiation power measure including：Pass through network analysis
Instrument obtain receive level, coaxial cable losses, spatial loss, the electromagnetic horn according to known to characteristic, the reception level,
The coaxial cable losses, the spatial are lost to obtain the gain of active antenna and effective omnidirectional radiation power.
6. the method for combining indoor near field and far field to carry out OTA measurement to active antenna according to claim 1 or 5,
Be characterized in that, it is described the gain of active antenna and effective omnidirectional radiation power are measured using far field during, overturn
The transmitting-receiving relationship in far field.
7. the method for combining indoor near field and far field to carry out OTA measurement to active antenna according to claim 1 or 5,
Be characterized in that, it is described the gain of active antenna and effective omnidirectional radiation power are measured using far field during, pass through
The coaxial cable of transmission of reference signals makes the active antenna and the far-field measurement system is total to reference source, and it is inclined to eliminate transmitting-receiving frequency
Difference.
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| CN112887039A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2021-06-01 | 上海无委无线电检测实验室有限公司 | 5G base station radio frequency consistency test method |
| CN115524541A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2022-12-27 | 陕西拾贝通讯技术有限公司 | Arbitrary polarization line antenna array directional diagram measuring method based on quasi-far-field mode filtering |
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