CN108896465A - The method of vacuum generating device and realization vacuum in geotechnical centrifugal model test - Google Patents
The method of vacuum generating device and realization vacuum in geotechnical centrifugal model test Download PDFInfo
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- CN108896465A CN108896465A CN201810710001.3A CN201810710001A CN108896465A CN 108896465 A CN108896465 A CN 108896465A CN 201810710001 A CN201810710001 A CN 201810710001A CN 108896465 A CN108896465 A CN 108896465A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000476 body water Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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Abstract
The present invention provides the vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifugal model test and the methods for realizing vacuum, including vacuum generating system and flashback tank, vacuum generating system includes model casing and the displacement hull that is arranged in model casing, vacuum tube and pressure maintaining pipe, water in the model tank test soil body is pooled to pressure maintaining pipe by displacement hull, pressure maintaining pipe lower part, which is equipped with, to be open and is connected with vacuum tube upper end, vacuum tube lower end is pierced by from model casing bottom into flashback tank, drain valve is provided on vacuum tube between model casing and flashback tank, it is provided on model casing and positioned at test soil body upper end with the sealing film being detachably open.For the super gravity field environment that the present invention is cleverly utilized in centrifuge to realize vacuum, device is simple, can reach higher vacuum degree in a short time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to realize technical field of vacuum on geotechnical centrifuge, more particularly, in geotechnical centrifugal model test
Vacuum generating device and realize vacuum method.
Background technique
Vacuum preloading centrifugal model test is using vacuum pump or other vacuum generating devices on geotechnical centrifuge to soil
Body is vacuumized, and makes the water in the soil body that seepage flow occur to the test of consolidation.The vacuum in geotechnical centrifuge fills at present
Set that there are mainly of two types：First seed type is using mechanical vacuum pump, due to being super gravity field in centrifuge, in vacuum pump
Each mechanical component in portion subject itself tens to hundreds times gravity under conditions of be difficult to work normally, realize the time of vacuum
It is long, and vacuum degree is lower；Second of type is to pass through suction shape when narrow conduit using high-pressure fluid using vacuum generator
At vacuum, this method can generate higher vacuum degree in vacuum tank, but effective vacuum degree is not high under film, simultaneously because needing
It is equipped with high-pressure pump or water pump, aqueous vapor separator box, geotechnical centrifuge is also needed equipped with the devices such as rotational engagement device, experimental rig system
System is complicated, cannot achieve in part centrifugal machine.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifugal model test and realizing vacuum
Method, for the super gravity field environment being cleverly utilized in centrifuge to realize vacuum, device is simple, can reach in a short time
Higher vacuum degree.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
Vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifugal model test, including vacuum generating system and flashback tank, vacuum occur
System includes model casing and the displacement hull being arranged in model casing, vacuum tube and pressure maintaining pipe, in the model tank test soil body
Water is pooled to pressure maintaining pipe by displacement hull, and pressure maintaining pipe lower part, which is equipped with, to be open and be connected with vacuum tube upper end, and vacuum tube lower end is from mould
Molding box bottom, which is pierced by the vacuum tube into flashback tank, between model casing and flashback tank, is provided with drain valve, on model casing and position
It is provided in test soil body upper end with the sealing film being detachably open.
Further, the test soil body and layer of sand are filled in the model casing, layer of sand is located at the upper surface of test soil body, displacement hull
Including horizontal row water body and vertical drainage body, vertical drainage body is vertically arranged in the test soil body, and the upper end of vertical drainage body
With protrude into layer of sand, horizontal row water body is arranged in layer of sand, and one end of horizontal row water body is communicated with pressure maintaining pipe.
Only there are two interfaces for pressure maintaining pipe, and one is connected with horizontal row water body, another is connected with vacuum tube.
Further, vertical drainage body is sand drain or plastic draining board, and horizontal row water body is drainage pipe.
Further, the water surface in the flashback tank is higher than the entrance that vacuum tube enters flashback tank.The water surface is higher than vacuum tube
Entrance into flashback tank is that air enters in vacuum tube in order to prevent, while can collect model tank test soil solidifying mistake
The water of journey discharge.
Further, the vacuum tube is vertically arranged, and can bear soil pressure and longitudinally compressible bellows using lateral.
Such bellows can bear the pressure of negative pressure of vacuum and the surrounding test soil body, longitudinal compressible solid to the test soil body to reduce
Tie the influence of sedimentation.
Further, the sealing film is flexible plastic plate or plastic foil.
The present invention also provides the method for realizing vacuum using the vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifugal model test, packets
Include following steps：
Step 1：In model casing in mounting vacuum tube, will be placed in model casing by the test soil body being stirred under vacuum, into
Row self weight consolidation；
Step 2：It is inserted into vertical drainage body in the test soil body in step 1 after self weight consolidation, by horizontal row water body one
End is connect with pressure maintaining pipe, and lower part and the vacuum tube of pressure maintaining pipe are attached, and is laid with layer of sand, the upper end of vertical drainage body and horizontal row
Water body is located in layer of sand, will test instrument：In soil pressure sensor and the pore water pressure sensor insertion test soil body, to model
The upper end of case carries out being sealed sealer, and the cable of detecting instrument is pierced by from the opening of sealing film；
Step 3：To layer of sand water-filling from sealing film opening, after layer of sand water-filling saturation, closing opening, finishing device
It builds；
Step 4：By the device put up in step 3 as on centrifuge, centrifuge is opened, completes self weight consolidation again
Afterwards, after opening the drain valve that vacuum bottom of the tube connects with flashback tank, it can produce vacuum in pressure maintaining pipe and vacuum tube top, start
Vacuum preloading is carried out to the test soil body, using detecting instrument acquire soil pressure of test soil body during vacuum preconsolidation and
Pore water pressure numerical value.
Further, before the centrifuge is shut down, first vacuum tube lower part drain valve should be closed, prevent the water in flashback tank
It is back to inside model casing.
Further, the mounting height of vacuum tube should fully consider, water in the soil body sedimentation and seal box during testing
The possible variation range in face guarantees that effective height h is greater than 10/N meters, to guarantee the vacuum degree under film.Wherein N is to add in centrifuge
The ratio of speed and acceleration of gravity, wherein effective height is the upper end of vacuum tube to the height between the water surface of flashback tank.
Soil pressure sensor：General Engineering Research Inst., China Engineering Physics Inst., model TY101.
Pore water pressure sensor：General Engineering Research Inst., China Engineering Physics Inst., model KYANFS16.
The above-mentioned essential condition that vacuum may be implemented, is the sealing for carrying out the model tank test soil body.It can take
The mode of covering sealing film at the top of model casing, or take total incapsulation method closely connected in model casing, but should all carry out sealing film and
The seam of model casing, detecting instrument cable are pierced by the sealing in the places such as the opening of sealing film.
The test soil body in model casing need to be in advance by being stirred under vacuum discharge air, and a small amount of residual gas is in consolidation process
It can be gathered in pressure maintaining pipe, being amplified by volume, which reduces pressure, realizes pressure maintaining, to keep the relatively steady of sealing under-membrance vacuum degree
It is fixed.
The method that the present invention realizes vacuum is to utilize centrifuge based on evangelista torricelli (Torricelli) experimental principle
The water column of interior certain altitude forms vacuum.Under the conditions of normal 1 times of acceleration of gravity, the water that vacuum needs about 10m height is generated
Column, in centrifuge under the conditions of N times of acceleration of gravity, height only needs original 1/N, and being greatly reduced for water-column can
It is enough that vacuum is realized in centrifuge.
Under the conditions of the super gravity field of centrifuge, the water-column that standard atmospheric pressure can support is greatly reduced, and true
Vacuum is formed above blank pipe water level, tests the soil body during consolidation draining, flashback tank liquid level is connected with atmosphere, vacuum tube
The height difference of liquid level can be with autobalance, to guarantee that vacuum degree keeps stablizing in vacuum tube in interior liquid level and flashback tank.
Compared with the existing technology, the vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifugal model test of the present invention and realization are true
Empty method has the advantage that：
The method of vacuum generating device and realization vacuum in geotechnical centrifugal model test of the present invention, with Tuoli
It is high by lesser water column using super gravity field environment in geotechnical centrifuge based on tearing sharp (Torricelli) experimental principle open
Degree can be realized the vacuum state in pressure maintaining pipe and vacuum tube top, and structure composition is simple and convenient to operate, when can be very short again
In reach realize vacuum state, it can be achieved that vacuum degree it is high, it is pre- that the device of the invention can be used for the vacuum in geotechnical centrifuge
Model test and preloading combined vacuum precompressed model test are pressed, realizes vacuum state under sealing film.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing for constituting a part of the invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is that the simple structure of the vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifugal model test described in the embodiment of the present invention is shown
It is intended to.
Description of symbols：
1- vacuum tube；2- pressure maintaining pipe；3- flashback tank；4- drain valve；The 5- water surface；6- model casing；7- tests the soil body；8- sealing
Film；9- vertical drainage body；10- horizontal row water body；11- layer of sand.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "upper", "lower",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outside" is
It is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than instruction or dark
Show that signified device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as pair
Limitation of the invention.In addition, term " first ", " second " etc. are used for description purposes only, it is not understood to indicate or imply phase
To importance or implicitly indicate the quantity of indicated technical characteristic.The feature for defining " first ", " second " etc. as a result, can
To explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, " multiple "
It is meant that two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase
Even ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or be integrally connected；It can
To be mechanical connection, it is also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, can also can be indirectly connected through an intermediary
Connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood by concrete condition
Concrete meaning in the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifugal model test, including vacuum generating system and flashback tank
3, vacuum generating system includes model casing 6 and the displacement hull being arranged in model casing 6, vacuum tube 1 and pressure maintaining pipe 2, model casing 6
Water in the interior test soil body 7 is pooled to pressure maintaining pipe 2 by displacement hull, 2 lower part of pressure maintaining pipe be equipped be open and with 1 upper end phase of vacuum tube
Even, 1 lower end of vacuum tube is pierced by the vacuum tube 1 into flashback tank 3, between model casing 6 and flashback tank 3 from 6 bottom of model casing and sets
It is equipped with drain valve 4, on model casing 6 and is located at test 7 upper end of the soil body and is provided with the sealing film 8 being detachably open.
The test soil body 7 and layer of sand 11 are filled in above-mentioned model casing 6, layer of sand 11 is located at the upper surface of test soil body 7, displacement hull packet
Horizontal row water body 10 and vertical drainage body 9 are included, vertical drainage body 9 is vertically arranged in the test soil body 7, and vertical drainage body 9
Upper end and protrude into layer of sand 11, horizontal row water body 10 is arranged in layer of sand 11, and one end of horizontal row water body 10 is communicated with pressure maintaining pipe 2.
Above-mentioned vertical drainage body 9 is sand drain or plastic draining board, and horizontal row water body 10 is drainage pipe.
The water surface 5 in above-mentioned flashback tank 3 is higher than the entrance that vacuum tube 1 enters flashback tank 3.
Above-mentioned vacuum tube 1 is vertically arranged, and can bear soil pressure and longitudinally compressible bellows using lateral.
Above-mentioned sealing film 8 is flexible plastic plate or plastic foil.
The method for realizing vacuum using the vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifugal model test, includes the following steps：
Step 1：In model casing 6 in mounting vacuum tube 1, model casing 6 will be placed in by the test soil body 7 being stirred under vacuum
It is interior, carry out self weight consolidation；
Step 2：It is inserted into vertical drainage body 9 in the test soil body 7 in step 1 after self weight consolidation, by horizontal row water body
10 one end are connect with pressure maintaining pipe 2, and lower part and the vacuum tube 1 of pressure maintaining pipe 2 are attached, be laid with layer of sand 11, vertical drainage body 9 it is upper
End and horizontal row water body 10 are located in layer of sand 11, will test instrument：Soil pressure sensor and pore water pressure sensor insertion examination
It tests in the soil body 7, the upper end of model casing 6 is carried out to be sealed sealer 8, the cable of detecting instrument is pierced by from the opening of sealing film 8；
Step 3：To 11 water-filling of layer of sand from the sealing opening of film 8, after 11 water-filling of layer of sand saturation, closing opening completes dress
That sets builds；
Step 4：By the device put up in step 3 as on centrifuge, centrifuge is opened, completes self weight consolidation again
Afterwards, it after opening the drain valve 4 that 1 bottom of vacuum tube connects with flashback tank 3, can produce in pressure maintaining pipe 2 and 1 top of vacuum tube true
Sky starts to carry out vacuum preloading to the test soil body 7, acquires the test soil body 7 during vacuum preconsolidation using detecting instrument
Soil pressure and pore water pressure numerical value.
Before centrifuge shutdown, first 1 lower part drain valve 4 of vacuum tube should be closed, the water in flashback tank 3 is prevented to be back to mould
Inside molding box 6.
The effective height h of vacuum tube 1 is greater than 10/N meters, and wherein N is the ratio of acceleration and acceleration of gravity in centrifuge,
Wherein effective height is the upper end of vacuum tube 1 to the height between the water surface 5 of flashback tank 3.
If acceleration uses 50g in centrifuge in testing program, then the height of h should ensure that greater than 0.2 meter.Guaranteeing model
Under the sealing state of the interior test soil body 7, the vapour pressure that is lauched of room temperature is considered, the lower vacuum degree of sealing film 8 theoretically can achieve-
95kPa.Such as consider to test after the soil body 7 is stirred under vacuum 1 liter of part residual gas, in the case of 2 volume of pressure maintaining pipe uses 10 liters, test
The lower vacuum degree of sealing film 8 can achieve -90kPa in process remittance.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifugal model test, it is characterised in that：Including vacuum generating system and flashback tank
(3), vacuum generating system includes displacement hull, vacuum tube (1) and the pressure maintaining pipe of model casing (6) and setting in model casing (6)
(2), the water in model casing (6) in the test soil body (7) is pooled to pressure maintaining pipe (2) by displacement hull, and pressure maintaining pipe (2) lower part is equipped with and opens
Mouth is simultaneously connected with vacuum tube (1) upper end, and vacuum tube (1) lower end is pierced by from model casing (6) bottom into flashback tank (3), model casing
(6) it is provided with drain valve (4) on the vacuum tube (1) between flashback tank (3), on model casing (6) and is located in the test soil body (7)
End is provided with the sealing film (8) being detachably open.
2. the vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifugal model test according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Model casing
(6) the test soil body (7) and layer of sand (11) are filled in, layer of sand (11) is located at the upper surface of test soil body (7), and displacement hull includes horizontal row
Water body (10) and vertical drainage body (9), vertical drainage body (9) is vertically arranged in the test soil body (7), and vertical drainage body (9)
Upper end and protrude into layer of sand (11), horizontal row water body (10) setting is in layer of sand (11), and one end of horizontal row water body (10) and guarantor
Pressure pipe (2) communicates.
3. the vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifugal model test according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Vertical row
Water body (9) is sand drain or plastic draining board, and horizontal row water body (10) is drainage pipe.
4. the vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifugal model test according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Flashback tank
(3) water surface (5) in is higher than the entrance that vacuum tube (1) enters flashback tank (3).
5. the vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifugal model test according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Vacuum tube
(1) it is vertically arranged, soil pressure and longitudinally compressible bellows can be born using lateral.
6. the vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifugal model test according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Seal film
It (8) is flexible plastic plate or plastic foil.
7. realizing vacuum using such as the vacuum generating device in the described in any item geotechnical centrifugal model tests of claim 2-6
Method, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
Step 1：In model casing (6) in mounting vacuum tube (1), model casing will be placed in by the test soil body (7) being stirred under vacuum
(6) in, self weight consolidation is carried out；
Step 2：Vertical drainage body (9) are inserted into the test soil body (7) in step 1 after self weight consolidation, by horizontal row water body
(10) one end is connect with pressure maintaining pipe (2), and lower part and the vacuum tube (1) of pressure maintaining pipe (2) are attached, and is laid with layer of sand (11), vertically
The upper end of displacement hull (9) and horizontal row water body (10) are located in layer of sand (11), will test instrument：Soil pressure sensor and pore water
In the pressure sensor insertion test soil body (7), the upper end of model casing (6) be sealed sealer (8), the cable of detecting instrument from
It seals and is pierced by the opening of film (8)；
Step 3：To layer of sand (11) water-filling from sealing film (8) opening, after layer of sand (11) water-filling saturation, closing opening is completed
Device is built；
Step 4：By the device put up in step 3 as on centrifuge, centrifuge is opened, after completing self weight consolidation again,
After opening the drain valve (4) that vacuum tube (1) bottom connects with flashback tank (3), in pressure maintaining pipe (2) and vacuum tube (1) top
Vacuum is generated, starts to carry out vacuum preloading to the test soil body (7), acquires the test soil body (7) in vacuum preloading using detecting instrument
Soil pressure and pore water pressure numerical value in consolidation process.
8. according to the method described in claim 7, it is characterized in that：Before centrifuge is shut down, first vacuum tube (1) lower part should be drained
Valve (4) is closed, and prevents the water in flashback tank (3) to be back to model casing (6) internal.
9. according to the method described in claim 7, it is characterized in that：The effective height h of vacuum tube (1) is greater than 10/N meters, wherein N
For the ratio of acceleration in centrifuge and acceleration of gravity, wherein effective height is the upper end of vacuum tube (1) to flashback tank (3)
Height between the water surface (5).
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| CN201810710001.3A CN108896465B (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2018-07-02 | Vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifuge model test and method for realizing vacuum |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810710001.3A CN108896465B (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2018-07-02 | Vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifuge model test and method for realizing vacuum |
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| CN108896465B CN108896465B (en) | 2024-02-23 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111424735A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-07-17 | 广西钢铁集团有限公司 | Method for manufacturing centrifugal test model of sand well foundation |
| CN113385309A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-09-14 | 浙江大学 | Liquid discharge control device and method for supergravity centrifugal model |
| CN114777995A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-07-22 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Single-hole multipoint deep soil body vacuum degree monitoring device and method |
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| CN113385309B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-05-31 | 浙江大学 | Liquid discharge control device and method for supergravity centrifugal model |
| CN114777995A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-07-22 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Single-hole multipoint deep soil body vacuum degree monitoring device and method |
| CN114777995B (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2024-04-26 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Single-hole multipoint deep soil body vacuum degree monitoring device and method |
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