CN108883816A - 船只 - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN108883816A
CN108883816A CN201680084260.9A CN201680084260A CN108883816A CN 108883816 A CN108883816 A CN 108883816A CN 201680084260 A CN201680084260 A CN 201680084260A CN 108883816 A CN108883816 A CN 108883816A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
stream
fluid
vaporized gas
compound compressor
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201680084260.9A
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English (en)
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CN108883816B (zh
Inventor
李承哲
金允基
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Hanhua Ocean Co ltd
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Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co Ltd
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Publication of CN108883816A publication Critical patent/CN108883816A/zh
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Publication of CN108883816B publication Critical patent/CN108883816B/zh
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
    • B63J2/14—Heating; Cooling of liquid-freight-carrying tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F17C2227/0164—Compressors with specified compressor type, e.g. piston or impulsive type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0185—Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0348—Water cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0358—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling by expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/038—Treating the boil-off by recovery with expanding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/62—Ethane or ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有液化气体储罐的船只。所述船只包括：多级压缩机，压缩从储罐排放的汽化气体且包括多个压缩缸；第一热交换器，使已由多级压缩机压缩的流体与从储存罐排放的汽化气体进行热交换且因此对流体进行冷却；第一减压装置，使从已由第一热交换器冷却的流(以下称为“流a”)部分地分流出的流(以下称为“流a1”)膨胀；第三热交换器，通过使已由第一减压装置膨胀的“流a1”作为制冷剂来使“流a”中在排除已被分流的“流a1”之后的剩余流(以下称为“流a2”)进行热交换且因此对流a2进行冷却；以及第二减压装置，使已由第三热交换器冷却的“流a2”膨胀。

Description

船只
技术领域
本发明涉及一种船只，且更具体来说，涉及一种包括使用在储罐中产生的汽化气体本身作为制冷剂而使汽化气体再液化的***的船只。
背景技术
即使当液化气体储罐是隔热的时，在完全阻挡外部热量方面也存在限制。因此，液化气体通过传递到储罐中的热量在储罐中连续蒸发。在储罐中蒸发的液化气体被称为汽化气体(boil-offgas，BOG)。
如果储罐中的压力因汽化气体的产生而超过预定安全压力，则通过安全阀从储罐排放汽化气体。从储罐排放的汽化气体用作船只的燃料，或者被再液化并返回到储罐。
发明内容
技术问题
通常，汽化气体再液化***采用制冷循环来通过冷却使汽化气体再液化。汽化气体的冷却是通过与制冷剂进行热交换而执行，且在此项技术中使用的是部分再液化***(partial reliquefaction system，PRS)，所述部分再液化***使用汽化气体本身作为制冷剂。
本发明的实施例提供一种包括改善型部分再液化***的船只，所述改善型部分再液化***能够更高效地使汽化气体再液化。
技术解决方案
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种具有液化气体储罐的船只，所述船只包括：多级压缩机，包括多个压缩缸，以压缩从所述储罐排放的汽化气体；第一热交换器，通过使由所述多级压缩机压缩的流体经受与从所述储罐排放的所述汽化气体进行的热交换而对所述流体进行冷却；第一减压器，使从由所述第一热交换器冷却的所述流体(以下称为“流a”)分流出的两个流中的一者(以下称为“流a1”)膨胀；第三热交换器，通过使所述两个流中的另一流(以下称为“流a2”)经受与由所述第一减压器膨胀以用作制冷剂的所述流a1进行的热交换而对所述流a2进行冷却；以及第二减压器，使由所述第三热交换器冷却的所述流a2膨胀。
由所述第一减压器膨胀且已在所述第三热交换器中用作制冷剂的所述流体可被供应到所述多级压缩机。
所述第一热交换器可设置在所述多级压缩机的上游。
所述多级压缩机可包括多个冷却器，所述多个冷却器分别有规律地排列在所述压缩缸的下游。
所述船只可进一步包括第二热交换器，所述第二热交换器通过在由所述多级压缩机压缩的所述流体被供应到所述第一热交换器之前使所述流体经受热交换来对所述流体进行冷却。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种在具有液化气体储罐的船只中使用的汽化气体再液化方法，所述汽化气体再液化方法包括：1)压缩从所述储罐排放的汽化气体，并由第一热交换器通过热交换过程来对经压缩的所述汽化气体进行冷却，所述热交换过程使用从所述储罐排放的所述汽化气体作为制冷剂；2)将在步骤1)中由所述第一热交换器冷却的流体划分成两个流；3)使在步骤2)中划分出的所述两个流中的一个流膨胀，并在第三热交换器中使用所述一个流作为制冷剂；4)由所述第三热交换器对在步骤3)中划分出的所述两个流中的另一流进行冷却；以及5)使在步骤4)中由所述第三热交换器冷却的所述流体膨胀及再液化，其中在步骤3)中膨胀且已在所述第三热交换器中用作制冷剂的所述流体在步骤1)中被压缩。
在步骤1)中被压缩的所述流体可在被供应到所述第一热交换器以被冷却之前由第二热交换器冷却。
有利效果
根据本发明，可将用于使汽化气体再液化的制冷剂多样化，从而减少在热交换器的上游分流出以用作制冷剂的汽化气体的量。
由于分流出以用作制冷剂的汽化气体在多级压缩机中经受压缩过程，因此汽化气体的量的减少还可使由多级压缩机压缩的汽化气体的量减少，从而可在多级压缩机具有较低功率消耗的情况下实现相同水平的再液化效率。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明示例性实施例在船只中使用的部分再液化***的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
以下，将参照附图详细地阐述本发明的实施例。根据本发明的船只可广泛地用于例如配备有通过天然气供应燃料的发动机的船只及包括液化气体储罐的船只等应用中。应理解，以下实施例可以各种方式加以修改且并不限制本发明的范围。
如下所述根据本发明用于处理汽化气体的***可用于包括能够在低温下储存液体货物或液化气体的储罐的所有种类的船只及海上结构(即，例如液化气体运输船等的船只以及例如浮式生产储存与卸货(Floating Production Storage and Offloading，FPSO)或浮式储存再气化单元(Floating Storage Regasification Unit，FSRU)等的海上结构)中。
另外，视***运行条件而定，根据本发明处于每一管路中的流体可呈液相、呈气/液混合相、呈气相、或呈超临界流体相。
图1是根据本发明示例性实施例应用于船只的部分再液化***的示意性框图。
参照图1，根据此实施例的船只包括：第一热交换器(31)；多级压缩机(20)，包括多个压缩缸(21、22、23)、以及多个冷却器(32、33)；第二热交换器(32)；第三热交换器(40)；第一减压器(71)；以及第二减压器(72)。
储存在根据此实施例的船只的储罐(10)中的液化气体在1大气压(atm)下可具有高于-110℃的沸点。另外，储存在储罐(10)中的液化气体可为液化石油气(1iquefiedpetroleum gas，LPG)，或者可包含例如甲烷、乙烷及重烃等多种组分。
在此实施例中，多级压缩机20压缩从储罐(10)排放的汽化气体。多级压缩机(20)可包括多个压缩缸，例如三个压缩缸(21、22、23)，如图1中所示。另外，多级压缩机(20)可包括多个冷却器。所述多个冷却器有规律地排列在所述多个压缩缸之间，以对在由压缩缸压缩的过程中压力增大且温度升高的汽化气体进行冷却。在图1中，第一冷却器(32)设置在第一压缩缸(21)与第二压缩缸(22)之间，且第二冷却器(33)设置在第二压缩缸(22)与第三压缩缸(23)之间。
在多级压缩机(20)中经受多级压缩及冷却的流体被供应到设置在多级压缩机(20)上游的第一热交换器(31)。第一热交换器(31)通过自行热交换过程来对已经过多级压缩机(20)的流体(流a)进行冷却，所述自行热交换过程使用从储罐(10)排放的汽化气体作为制冷剂。在用语“自行热交换(self-heat exchange)”中，“自行”意指汽化气体本身用作用于热交换的制冷剂。从储罐(10)排放且已在第一热交换器(31)中用作制冷剂的汽化气体被供应到多级压缩机(20)，并且经过多级压缩机(20)且已由第一热交换器(31)冷却的流体(流a)被供应到第三热交换器(40)。
在此实施例中，已经过多级压缩机(20)的流体可在被供应到第一热交换器(31)之前由第二热交换器(34)冷却。第二热交换器(34)可使用单独的制冷剂(例如海水)作为制冷剂来对汽化气体进行冷却。作为另一选择，如同第一热交换器(31)，第二热交换器(34)可被配置成使用汽化气体本身作为制冷剂。
已在多级压缩机(20)中经受多级压缩的流体从多级压缩机(20)排放时的压力(以下，称为“多级压缩机的排放压力”)可基于从第二热交换器(34)排放的流体在由第二热交换器(34)冷却之后的温度来确定。优选地，多级压缩机(20)的排放压力由与从第二热交换器(34)排放的流体在由第二热交换器(34)冷却之后的温度对应的饱和液体压力确定。也就是说，当液化气体是液化石油气时，多级压缩机(20)的排放压力可由已经过第二热交换器(34)的流体的至少一部分变为饱和液体时的压力确定。另外，已经过每一压缩级的流体从对应的压缩缸排放时的压力可由所述对应的压缩缸的性能确定。
已经过多级压缩机(20)及第一热交换器(31)的流体(流a)在第三热交换器(40)的上游被划分成两个流(a1、a2)。流(a1)由第一减压器(71)膨胀以在温度上降低并然后在第三热交换器(40)中用作制冷剂，且流(a2)在第三热交换器(40)中经受热交换以被冷却并然后由第二减压器(72)膨胀以部分地或完全地被再液化。已由第二减压器(72)部分地或完全地再液化的流体被供应到储存罐(10)，且已在第三热交换器(40)中用作制冷剂的流体(流a1)被供应到多级压缩机(20)。
视由第一减压器(71)膨胀的程度而定，在第三热交换器(40)中用作制冷剂且已被供应到多级压缩机(20)的流体可加入将在多级压缩机(20)中经受多级压缩的各流体中压力与上述流体的压力类似的流体。在图1中，在第三热交换器(40)中用作制冷剂且已被供应到多级压缩机(20)的流体被示出为在第一压缩缸(21)与第一冷却器(32)之间加入另一汽化气体流。
在此实施例中，视***配置而定，第一减压器(71)及第二减压器(72)中的每一者可为膨胀阀(例如焦耳-汤姆森(Joule-Thomson)阀)，或者可为膨胀器。在此实施例中，第一热交换器(31)可为节热器，且第三热交换器(40)可为中间冷却器。
举例来说，当液化气体是液化石油气时，已由多级压缩机(20)压缩的流体经过第二热交换器(34)以被冷却。此处，流体的至少一部分可由第二热交换器(34)液化且由第一热交换器(31)过冷。另外，已由第一热交换器(31)过冷的流体被划分成“流a1”及流“a2”，其中“流a1”在由第一减压器(71)膨胀之后在第三热交换器(40)中用作制冷剂，且“流a2”由第三热交换器(40)使用已经受膨胀的“流a1”作为制冷剂而次级地进行过冷。已由第三热交换器(40)过冷的“流a2”由第二减压器(72)膨胀且然后以液相返回到储罐(10)。
根据本发明，除通过多级压缩机(20)中的压缩、第三热交换器(40)中的冷却及第二减压器(72)中的膨胀使汽化气体再液化的过程以外，已由多级压缩机(20)压缩的流体还由第一热交换器(31)冷却，从而使被供应到第三热交换器(40)的流体(流a)的温度可进一步降低。因此，可在使较低量的汽化气体分流出以用作制冷剂(流a1)的情况下实现相同水平的再液化效率。另外，由于已在第三热交换器(40)中用作制冷剂的流体(流a1)由多级压缩机(20)压缩，因此可通过减少在第三热交换器(40)中用作制冷剂的流体(流a1)的量来降低多级压缩机(20)的能量消耗。换句话说，利用第一热交换器(31)，根据本发明的部分再液化***可减少在第三热交换器(40)中用作制冷剂的流体(流a1)的量，从而在实现几乎相同水平的再液化效率的同时降低多级压缩机(20)的能量消耗。
虽然已阐述了一些实施例，然而对于所属领域中的技术人员来说将显而易见，这些实施例是仅以说明方式给出，且在不背离本发明的精神及范围的条件下，可作出各种修改、改变、变更及等效实施例。

Claims (7)

1.一种船只，具有液化气体储罐，所述船只包括：
多级压缩机，包括多个压缩缸，以压缩从所述储罐排放的汽化气体；
第一热交换器，通过使由所述多级压缩机压缩的流体经受与从所述储罐排放的所述汽化气体进行的热交换而对所述流体进行冷却；
第一减压器，使从由所述第一热交换器冷却的流体(以下称为“流a”)分流出的两个流中的一者(以下称为“流a1”)膨胀；
第三热交换器，通过使所述两个流中的另一流(以下称为“流a2”)经受与由所述第一减压器膨胀以用作制冷剂的所述流a1进行的热交换而对所述流a2进行冷却；以及
第二减压器，使由所述第三热交换器冷却的所述流a2膨胀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的船只，其中由所述第一减压器膨胀且已在所述第三热交换器中用作制冷剂的流体被供应到所述多级压缩机。
3.根据权利要求2所述的船只，其中所述第一热交换器设置在所述多级压缩机的上游。
4.根据权利要求3所述的船只，其中所述多级压缩机包括多个冷却器，所述多个冷却器分别有规律地排列在所述多个压缩缸的下游。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的船只，进一步包括：
第二热交换器，通过在由所述多级压缩机压缩的流体被供应到所述第一热交换器之前使所述流体经受热交换来对所述流体进行冷却。
6.一种汽化气体再液化方法，使用于具有液化气体储罐的船只中，所述汽化气体再液化方法包括：
1)压缩从所述储罐排放的汽化气体，并由第一热交换器通过热交换过程来对经压缩的所述汽化气体进行冷却，所述热交换过程使用从所述储罐排放的所述汽化气体作为制冷剂；
2)将在步骤1)中由所述第一热交换器冷却的流体划分成两个流；
3)使在步骤2)中划分出的所述两个流中的一个流膨胀，并在第三热交换器中使用所述一个流作为制冷剂；
4)由所述第三热交换器对在步骤3)中划分出的所述两个流中的另一流进行冷却；以及
5)使在步骤4)中由所述第三热交换器冷却的流体膨胀及再液化；
其中在步骤3)中膨胀且已在所述第三热交换器中用作制冷剂的流体在步骤1)中被压缩。
7.根据权利要求6所述的汽化气体再液化方法，其中在步骤1)中被压缩的流体在被供应到所述第一热交换器以被冷却之前由第二热交换器冷却。
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