CN108883332B - 康复装置及其用于锻炼肩部区域的用途 - Google Patents

康复装置及其用于锻炼肩部区域的用途 Download PDF

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CN108883332B
CN108883332B CN201780022026.8A CN201780022026A CN108883332B CN 108883332 B CN108883332 B CN 108883332B CN 201780022026 A CN201780022026 A CN 201780022026A CN 108883332 B CN108883332 B CN 108883332B
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CN108883332A (zh
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T·泰瓦宁
J·豪塔姆阿基
A·帕维亚宁
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David Health Solutions Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种适于修复和/或锻炼肩部区域的康复装置，以及这种康复装置的用途。康复装置具有支撑元件(3,4,5)，其能够在锻炼期间实现上身的直立位置，两个运动轴(2)，其以预定的运动方向引导运动，以及两个无柄臂支撑件(1)，其附接到每个运动轴的端部并且布置成支撑用户的手臂，防止承载手臂的肌肉激活。

Description

康复装置及其用于锻炼肩部区域的用途
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适于修复和/或锻炼肩部区域以预防、缓解和/或治愈肩部区域疼痛的装置。
背景技术
肩痛是全世界难以解决的问题。在所有肌肉骨骼问题中，肩部疾病导致最多病假缺勤。肩痛是65岁以上人群中最常见的肌肉骨骼疾病，其患病率在过去40年中增加了两倍。每两个人中就有一个会在一生中遭受痛苦。尽管有这些数字，仍然不可能通过生物力学最佳方法可测量地、可监测地和可重复地修复和锻炼肩部。
对于患有肩部撞击的疼痛患者，通常在肌肉之间存在显著的肌肉不平衡，使肩胛骨向不同方向移动并使其稳定。因此，这些肌肉中的一些是脆弱的，而一些肌肉则过度活跃。在这种情况下，必须计划用于康复的锻炼以激活肌肉组织，从而能够修复肌肉不平衡。例如，在肩痛患者中，斜方肌(肌肉斜方肌)上部的过度活动是典型的。因此，必须通过锻炼来尝试激活斜方肌的中部和下部而不显著激活上部。肌肉不平衡也经常发生在三头三角肌(肌肉三角肌)中。与肌肉的后部相比，其前部和中部通常显著更发达。修复这种肌肉不平衡也很重要。
通过去除承载手臂的斜方肌的激活，能够在不激活上部的情况下锻炼斜方肌的中部和下部。在物理疗法中，通常在趴着时进行锻炼，其中斜方肌的上部不需要在与重力相反的情况下承载手。根据研究，斜方肌的中部和下部的优良激活是通过所谓的“头顶臂抬高”锻炼来实现的，其起始位置是患者在治疗台上或足够高的椅子上趴着使得被锻炼的手直接向地面垂下。将手向侧面(水平外展)并稍微向前抬起，其中，在最终位置，臂与身体形成125度角(从上方/后侧观察)。在该锻炼中，由手臂或可能的小手重量产生的运动负荷随着杠杆臂的增加而在最终位置处最大，但是待锻炼的肌肉的力产生曲线与负载曲线相比完全相反。因此，由锻炼产生的运动反应远非最佳，因为运动负荷的大小在其最大值处可以与在运动的最终位置待锻炼的肌肉的力产生一样大。因此，在整个运动范围内负载是不够的，并且锻炼的有效性不是最佳的。
斜方肌通常通过各种牵引运动来锻炼，其中可以使用橡胶阻力带、滑轮、各种健身装置或自由重量作为阻力。变化是无穷的。除了精心设计的装置之外，上述锻炼形式不会产生最佳负荷曲线。
为了能够在身体处于直立位置的情况下进行所谓的“头顶臂抬高”锻炼，必须从下方支撑手臂，使得不需要肌肉激活来承载它们。因此避免了斜方肌上部的激活。运动必须进一步略微指向上倾斜，其中运动的方向更接近斜方肌下部肌肉细胞的取向，并且在下部实现更好的激活。在市场上的锻炼装置中没有发现上述特征。使用所谓的TRX带，其中用户自身的重量用作负载，上述锻炼(Y-抬高)可以高质量地实现。然而，由于多个自由度，TRX带不适合不熟悉运动的人，因为用TRX带执行运动需要良好的身体协调和中枢身体控制，并且正确使用它们需要专家指导和多次锻炼课程。
从CN204092497U中已知一种装置，其具有两个运动轴和两个具有绑带的移动臂支架。从US5179939A中已知一种装置，其中臂架铰接在运动轴上。
从US5171198中进一步已知一种装置，其中运动轴的轴线将是倾斜的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是消除上述缺点并提供一种康复装置，通过该康复装置可以将肩部区域的康复或锻炼以最佳负荷引导到期望的肌肉和/或部分肌肉中，在坐成直立位置时进行锻炼。
该目的可以通过使用根据本发明的康复装置来实现，在该康复装置上布置有支撑元件，该支撑元件能够在执行锻炼时实现康复装置用户的上身的直立位置，并且布置有支撑用户手臂的无柄臂支撑件，使得承载手臂的肌肉或部分肌肉不会激活，并且其中仅在这样的方向上进行锻炼的运动，其中通过移动手臂支撑和运动轴来激活期望的肌肉或部分肌肉。
更具体地，根据本发明的康复装置的特征在于，其在权利要求1的特征部分中详细说明。而根据本发明的用于锻炼肩部区域的装置的用途的特征在于，其在权利要求8的特征部分中详细说明。
附图说明
在下文中，通过参考以下附图更详细地描述本发明，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明优选实施方式的装置，其处于康复锻炼的起始位置；和
图2示出了根据图1的优选实施方式的装置，其处于康复锻炼的最终位置。如图1和2所示，本发明优选实施方式的装置的用户在锻炼期间坐在座椅3上，靠在靠背4和头枕5上。该装置包括连接到运动轴2的端部的无腿臂支撑件1，用户将其手臂固定在其中，并通过移动进行锻炼。臂支撑件1优选地通过铰接件6连接到运动轴2，其中臂支撑件1可相对于运动轴2移动，使得它们适合于各种型号和尺寸的手臂。在优选实施方式中，臂支撑件1能够围绕铰接件6的轴线旋转，并因此根据手臂的形状而定位到正确的位置。
具体实施方式
在本发明中，术语柄是指在锻炼执行期间可由手掌和/或手指抓住的所有这些元件、装置或装置部件或相应部件。而术语“臂支撑件”是指用于支撑手臂(前臂和上臂)的装置。
在根据优选实施方式的装置上进行锻炼，同时稍微向后倾斜。座椅的高度优选地是电动调节的。座椅3优选地直接附接到装置，但是座椅也可以布置成与装置连接且与框架分开。靠背设计成不会限制肩胛骨的运动。由于向后倾斜位置，头枕的作用很重要。
手臂放置在运动轴中的臂支撑件中，臂支撑件优选地承载手臂，使得肘部尽可能靠近臂支撑件的中心。优选地，臂支撑件在从大致前臂的中部延伸到大致上臂的中部的区域中支撑手臂。在整个锻炼过程中，手臂处于基本伸直的位置。在起始位置(图1)，手臂在前面伸直，前臂和身体之间的角度优选地为80-90度，这取决于前臂的厚度。这是通过将每个臂支撑件布置到运动轴的端部来实现的，使得臂支撑件的纵向轴线L和相对于穿过装置的垂直中线的平面Y垂直的横向平面之间的角度大约为80-90度。该装置没有柄，而是通过运动轴中的臂支撑件传递力，其中可以在上臂处于外部旋转的同时执行运动。最佳地，上臂在锻炼期间处于外旋，因此有效地激活旋转套的冈上肌(冈上肌)。如果外旋引起肩部患者疼痛，则上臂的旋转可保持中性。
通过无柄臂支撑件支撑手臂对于锻炼非常重要，以便承载手的肌肉(即斜方肌的上部)不会激活。使用橡皮筋、滑轮或自由重物时，这在垂直位置是不可能的。支撑件设计成使得容易将手臂固定在支撑件的顶部上。臂支撑件的设计使得能够仅在期望的方向上产生力，从而消除不期望的肌肉的激活。
通过将臂从起始位置移到侧面，稍微向上倾斜来执行运动。尽管运动的轨迹略微指向上倾斜，但是臂支撑件的设计防止产生向上的力。具体地，支撑件设计成使得不能通过激活不期望的肌肉来产生运动。例如，斜方肌的上部的激活因此不能在运动方向上产生力。
在锻炼的最终位置(图2)，手臂与身体形成120-130度，优选125度角。这通过将臂支撑件布置在端部位置使得它们的纵向轴线L与穿过装置的垂直中线Y的平面形成大约120-130度角α，优选地125度角来实现。通过向内倾斜运动轴的轴线来产生对于锻炼而言独特且重要的运动方向，这使得能够实现指向上倾斜的轨迹。
精确设计的运动轴的臂支撑件消除承载手臂的肌肉的肌肉激活。在此过程中，肩关节留下更多的移动空间，肩痛患者也能够进行看似困难的运动。臂支撑件的设计消除不期望的肌肉的激活，因为力只能在期望的方向上产生。其次，由于可以自由选择上臂的旋转，因此没有柄可以实现肩部疼痛的无痛锻炼位置。此外，在修复肩部疼痛时非常重要的是精确计划的负荷曲线，这使得能够在整个运动范围内以受控的方式执行运动。
已经尝试使影响锻炼位置的调节次数最小化，并且优选地通过电动机自动调节它们。优选地，向该装置设置用于将预先存储的关于用户的信息发送到设备的装置，以及用于基于存储信息自动调节至少一个支撑元件、运动轴、臂支撑件、负载或装置的其它部分的装置。用户的锻炼信息例如锻炼位置调整信息、系列数、重复、运动范围(起始和结束角度)、运动的负荷和执行速度存储在装置的存储器中，或者优选地在云服务中，或者在装置的另一个相应的外部存储器中，例如，当用户使用RFID卡登录锻炼装置时，基于用户的身份从中检索锻炼信息。
优选地，还向该装置设置用于收集关于锻炼的信息的装置，以及用于存储信息的装置。优选地，可以收集关于执行的信息，例如，通过力传感器和角度传感器为每秒约50次。使用此信息，可以执行等距测量，这对诊断和监测康复很有用。该信息存储在装置的存储器中，或者优选地存储在装置的云服务或相应的外部存储器中。
作为负载，该装置优选地具有由重量板组成的重物堆。这种重量堆本身是完全事先已知的，并且在这方面没有更详细地给出。负载通过力传移传递到运动轴中。力传移的主要部分是所谓的凸轮(未示出)，由此，当运动轴移动时负载的大小改变。凸轮优选地位于重量堆框架内。设计精度极高的凸轮可在整个运动范围内实现安全、可控和高效的运动。通过移动重物堆的选择栓钉，将重物堆放置在所需位置之间来选择在锻炼中使用的负载。此外，本领域公知的其它类型的解决方案也可以考虑用作负载，例如液压或电阻。
通过使用根据本发明的装置，锻炼肌肉使肩胛骨朝向脊柱以及三头三角肌(三角肌)的后部(“三角肌后部头部”)稳定是安全有效的，所述三角肌显著参与运动的执行。由于最佳的负荷曲线、关节角度和手臂支撑，锻炼可以非常精确地指向所需的肌肉，同时防止不期望的肌肉或部分肌肉激活。关节角度和运动方向的定义是基于对文献的广泛回顾以及我们自己的测量。
通过重物堆上方的杠杆来调节运动的起始角度。挤压杠杆并向上或向下移动可以调节缆线的长度，从而将力传移到重量堆。因此，运动轴也移动，并且当杠杆的挤压被释放时，运动轴锁定并因此限定运动的起始角度。这种杠杆本身是已知的，在这方面没有更详细地说明。
为了使锻炼安全、舒适和有效，运动轴的轴线必须穿过肩关节的枢转点。然而，由于肩胛骨的运动，肩关节的枢转点不是位于关节腔中，而是略微位于关节的中间方向上，更靠近身体的垂直中线。对于锻炼的正确生物力学，这是一个非常重要的特征。

Claims (6)

1.一种适于修复用户的肩部区域的康复装置，其特征在于，所述康复装置包括：
-框架；
-支撑元件(3,4,5)，其连接至所述框架，用于在康复锻炼期间实现所述用户的上身的直立位置；
-两个运动轴(2)，其用于引导所述用户的手臂在预定的方向运动，并且其中所述运动轴被布置以使得每个运动轴的轴线被布置成向内倾斜朝向穿过所述康复装置的中心线的平面Y；
-两个无柄臂支撑件(1)，其附接到每个所述运动轴的端部，用于承载所述用户的所述手臂，并且布置成支撑所述用户的所述手臂；
其中，在所述康复锻炼开始时，所述用户的每只手臂处于在所述用户前面以与所述用户的身体成80-90度角向前伸直的位置；并且
其中，在所述康复锻炼结束时，所述用户的每只手臂已经移动到其中所述手臂与穿过所述康复装置的垂直中线的平面形成120-130度角的位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的康复装置，其特征在于，所述运动轴的所述臂支撑件布置成适用于各种型号和尺寸的手臂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的康复装置，其特征在于，所述运动轴的所述臂支撑件铰接到所述运动轴上，使得所述臂支撑件可移动以适应各种型号和尺寸的手臂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的康复装置，其特征在于，包含用于调整所述康复装置的每个用户的个人信息的信息存储在云服务中。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的康复装置，其特征在于，包括能够用于进行等距测量的构件。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的康复装置用于锻炼肩部区域的用途，其特征在于，用户将他的手臂放入所述臂支撑件中并且用他的手臂沿着预定轨迹移动所述康复装置的所述臂支撑件，并且该臂支撑件承载所述用户的手从其中所述用户的每只手臂处于在所述用户前面以与所述用户的身体成80-90度角向前伸直的位置的第一位置至其中在所述康复锻炼结束时，所述用户的每只手臂已经移动到其中所述手臂与穿过所述康复装置的垂直中线的平面形成120-130度角的位置的第二位置，由此防止承载所述手臂的肌肉激活。
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