CN108876027A - A kind of addressing of rural residential area centralized residential district and optimization method based on GIS - Google Patents
A kind of addressing of rural residential area centralized residential district and optimization method based on GIS Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The addressing of rural residential area centralized residential district and optimization method that the invention discloses a kind of based on GIS, it is primarily based on GIS and obtains target area space and attribute data, it constructs information computation and carries out rural residential area centralized residential district land suitability evaluation, superposition land use planning allows to build area, obtain candidate site, and set size threshold value and screened, it reuses P- median Problem model and candidate site is optimized.The present invention utilizes GIS technology, information computation is constructed, quantitatively carries out Land Use of Rural Residential Area suitability evaluation and addressing, and carry out location optimi-zation using the P- median Problem model of integral linear programming, can flexible setting candidate site demand, addressing result navigates to plot；Candidate site is based on practical road network, considers daily work demand after peasant's resettlement, keeps its distance costs minimum, has the advantages of precision is high, strong operability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to GIS technology, more particularly, to a kind of rural residential area centralized residential district addressing based on GIS and excellent
Change method.
Background technique
Rural residential area is the main aggregated forms of peasant, and external morphology and space structure are itself and natural ring around
It is interacting to border, social economy and people to work as a result, accurately holding its inherent law the land control of rural residential area
It has an important influence.In recent years, many domestic scholars are based on location theory, from natural environment, economic development and Social Culture angle
Degree various aspects have inquired into the relationship between rural residential area distribution and various influence factors, and to different types of rural residential area
Suitability evaluation is carried out, and carries out layout optimization or subregion regulation, the layout optimization from qualitative angle analysis rural residential area.
Quantitative analysis is less, if some scholars utilize the region division feature of weighted Voronoi diagrams figure, the use of disturbance degree is weight, determines
The coverage of rural residential area, thus the resettlement and reservation in clear residential area, but Vorinoi figure is the analysis based on distance,
The actual demand in residential area is not accounted for.P- median Problem location optimi-zation model considers the actual demand of demand point, has succeeded
Applied to the layout optimization of police patrol area, airport and refuge, present invention introduces the models to be applied to rural resident's point set
Middle residence addressing optimization.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of rural residential area centralized residential district addressing based on GIS and optimization method, can effectively solve
The problems in certainly above-mentioned background technique.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
A kind of addressing of rural residential area centralized residential district and optimization method based on GIS of the present invention, is primarily based on GIS and obtains
Target area space and attribute data are taken, building information computation carries out rural residential area centralized residential district land used suitability and comments
Valence, superposition land use planning allow to build area, obtain candidate site, and set size threshold value and screened, reuse
P- median Problem model optimizes candidate site, including following method and step：
Step 1 obtains the spaces such as target area road, river, rural residential area construction land, elevation, the gradient and slope aspect
Data and economics of population attribute data：In order to obtain the vector data of target area, it is necessary first to collect the remote sensing of target area
The data such as image, DEM, land use planning figure and social economy's population load high definition remote sensing picture in ArcGIS and pass through mesh
The number such as atural object interpretation digitized target area road, river, rural residential area, key village and market town construction land is carried out depending on interpretation
According to, surface analysis is carried out to dem data in ArcGIS and obtains the target area gradient and slope aspect data, the input of economics of population data
Into corresponding vector data table；
Step 2 is based on GIS spatial analysis, constructs information content suitability assessment model：Will affect factor rating and count with
Then all factor information amounts are superimposed, indicate suitable with the information content size of single grid cell by the information content of rural residential area
Suitable property degree, it is specific as follows：Impact factor is determined first and is classified, and information computation is intuitively showed by information magnitude size
Level of intimate between impact factor and research object, combining target region actual conditions choose suitability evaluation impact factor,
Such as gradient, slope aspect, elevation, the distance away from river, the distance away from road, the distance away from cities and towns, will affect in ArcGIS because
Son classification, and in using area statistical tool statistical classification rural residential area quantity, bring formula into and calculate information content, calculate public
Formula is as follows：
In formula：Wi is the information content size of some factor；Densclass is resident's dot density in some factor；
Densmap is resident's dot density in entire target area；Npix (Si) is the grid number in the residential area for including in some factor；
Npix (Ni) is all grid numbers of some factor figure layer；SNpix (Si) is the grid number in residential area in entire target area；
SNpix (Ni) is all grid numbers in entire target area；
The information content Wi of all factors is added, the information content size of some grid cell can be obtained, in ArcGIS
Using raster symbol-base device, all factor figure layers are pressed and state formula superposition：
W=∑ Wi
In formula：W is expressed as evaluation area's unit information amount predicted value.
Step 3, point by the information content reclassification of all grids in target area, according to existing residential area in Suitability division
The validity of cloth situation judgment models continues to execute if model is effective, otherwise returns, and checks the impact factor quality of data
Or after updating impact factor, reappraise；
Step 4 uses P- median Problem model, base with production estimation point to the minimum target of candidate site total distance
In road net data collection, candidate site quantity required is set, the candidate addressing filtered out is optimized：Obtaining target area is suitable for
Property subregion after, the high grid cell vector quantization of suitability is superimposed after land use planning allows to build area, it is big by block area
It is small to filter out a certain number of candidate sites；P- median Problem model is as follows：Assuming that original resident point is neglected away from the distance of production district
Slightly disregard, resident need to be round-trip in production district and residential area in daily work, the candidate site of certain amount is selected, to reach production
Point is minimum to the total distance of settlement or time, and P- median Problem formula is as follows：
Z=∑ ∑ aidijxij
In formula：I is production number (i=1,2 ..., n)；J is candidate residential area coding (j=1,2 ..., m)；P is
The residential area number to be chosen；aiIt is the aggregate demand of production i；dijIt is the distance between production i to residential area j or time；
xij=1 indicates that the service facility of jth point covers i-th of production, is otherwise 0；
The minimum value of above-mentioned formula is sought under certain constraints；
Step 5 determines candidate site and segmentation service region, and the agriculture of subregion domestic demand resettlement is determined according to suitability grades
Village residential area：Road net data collection is created according to practical road network in ArcGIS, by rural residential area (demand point) and filters out time
Addressing is connected to nearest road network node, and all data are converted to coverage format, makes in ArcInfo Worksation
With Mindistance module, candidate site quantity required is set, location optimi-zation is carried out based on road net data, selects certain amount
Candidate site, segmentation service region；
Step 6 exports final Compact rural housing addressing scheme：Coverage domestic demand is determined according to suitability grades
The Suitability division figure layer of vector quantization and residential area map overlay are analyzed in ArcGIS, are selected by the rural residential area of resettlement
Positioned at the residential area in suitability difference region, the rural residential area for that need to move is primarily determined, resettlement is arrived right in affiliated coverage
The candidate site answered.
Preferably, the remote sensing image data in the step 1 derives from Google Earth high definition image, DEM data source
In geographical spatial data cloud, social population's economic data discloses net, the vector number in the step 1 from local government's information
According to including market town, key village, rural residential area, road, river, the gradient and slope aspect.
Preferably, then by the information content reclassification of all grids in target area in the step 3, according to existing residential area
In the validity of the distribution situation judgment models of Suitability division.
Preferably, production is production district particle in the step 4, and settlement is residential area particle.
Preferably, constraint every in the step 4 is：The distribution of each production is limited
Whether it is chosen in settlement；Each production must be assigned to some settlement；The residence of selection
Firmly point sum is exactly P；Indicate which production whether which settlement of dispensing.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention utilizes GIS technology, constructs information computation, quantitatively carries out rural area residence
People's point land suitability evaluation and addressing, and location optimi-zation is carried out using the P- median Problem model of integral linear programming, it can
Flexible setting candidate site demand, addressing result navigate to plot；Candidate site is based on practical road network, considers day after peasant's resettlement
Often work demand keeps its distance costs minimum, has the advantages of precision is high, strong operability.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes part of specification, with reality of the invention
It applies example to be used to explain the present invention together, not be construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is method flow structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Candidate site point before Fig. 2 is aborigines' point and optimizes；
Fig. 3 is the candidate site point needed after resettlement point and optimization.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments, is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1-3 is please referred to, the present invention provides a kind of technical solution：
A kind of addressing of rural residential area centralized residential district and optimization method based on GIS is primarily based on GIS and obtains target area
Domain space and attribute data, building information computation carry out rural residential area centralized residential district land suitability evaluation, superposition soil
Ground allows to build area using planning, obtains candidate site, and set size threshold value and screened, reuses P- median Problem
Model optimizes candidate site, including following method and step：
Step 1 obtains the spaces such as target area road, river, rural residential area construction land, elevation, the gradient and slope aspect
Data and economics of population attribute data：In order to obtain the vector data of target area, it is necessary first to collect the remote sensing of target area
The data such as image, DEM, land use planning figure and social economy's population load high definition remote sensing picture in ArcGIS and pass through mesh
The number such as atural object interpretation digitized target area road, river, rural residential area, key village and market town construction land is carried out depending on interpretation
According to, surface analysis is carried out to dem data in ArcGIS and obtains the target area gradient and slope aspect data, the input of economics of population data
Into corresponding vector data table；
Step 2 is based on GIS spatial analysis, constructs information content suitability assessment model：Will affect factor rating and count with
Then all factor information amounts are superimposed, indicate suitable with the information content size of single grid cell by the information content of rural residential area
Suitable property degree, it is specific as follows：Impact factor is determined first and is classified, and information computation is intuitively showed by information magnitude size
Level of intimate between impact factor and research object, combining target region actual conditions choose suitability evaluation impact factor,
Such as gradient, slope aspect, elevation, the distance away from river, the distance away from road, the distance away from cities and towns, will affect in ArcGIS because
Son classification, and in using area statistical tool statistical classification rural residential area quantity, bring formula into and calculate information content, calculate public
Formula is as follows：
In formula：Wi is the information content size of some factor；Densclass is resident's dot density in some factor；
Densmap is resident's dot density in entire target area；Npix (Si) is the grid number in the residential area for including in some factor；
Npix (Ni) is all grid numbers of some factor figure layer；SNpix (Si) is the grid number in residential area in entire target area；
SNpix (Ni) is all grid numbers in entire target area；
The information content Wi of all factors is added, the information content size of some grid cell can be obtained, in ArcGIS
Using raster symbol-base device, all factor figure layers are pressed and state formula superposition：
W=∑ Wi
In formula：W is expressed as evaluation area's unit information amount predicted value.
Step 3, point by the information content reclassification of all grids in target area, according to existing residential area in Suitability division
The validity of cloth situation judgment models continues to execute if model is effective, otherwise returns, and checks the impact factor quality of data
Or after updating impact factor, reappraise；
Step 4 uses P- median Problem model, base with production estimation point to the minimum target of candidate site total distance
In road net data collection, candidate site quantity required is set, the candidate addressing filtered out is optimized：Obtaining target area is suitable for
Property subregion after, the high grid cell vector quantization of suitability is superimposed after land use planning allows to build area, it is big by block area
It is small to be greater than 2000 square metres and filter out 81 candidate sites, please refer to Fig. 2；P- median Problem model is as follows：Assuming that original resident
Distance of the point away from production district is ignored, and resident need to be round-trip in production district and residential area in daily work, selects 6 candidate ground
Location, minimum to the total distance of settlement or time to reach production, P- median Problem formula is as follows：
Z=∑ ∑ aidijxij
In formula：I is production number (i=1,2 ..., n)；J is candidate residential area coding (j=1,2 ..., m)；P is
The residential area number to be chosen；aiIt is the aggregate demand of production i；dijIt is the distance between production i to residential area j or time；
xij=1 indicates that the service facility of jth point covers i-th of production, is otherwise 0；
The minimum value of above-mentioned formula is sought under certain constraints；
Step 5 determines candidate site and segmentation service region, and the agriculture of subregion domestic demand resettlement is determined according to suitability grades
Village residential area：Road net data collection is created according to practical road network in ArcGIS, by 291 rural residential areas (demand point) and is filtered out
81 candidate addressings are connected to nearest road network node, and all data are converted to coverage format, in ArcInfo
Mindistance module is used in Worksation, candidate site quantity required is set, and it is excellent to carry out position based on road net data
Change, selects a certain number of candidate sites, segmentation service region；
Step 6 exports final Compact rural housing addressing scheme：Coverage domestic demand is determined according to suitability grades
The Suitability division figure layer of vector quantization and residential area map overlay are analyzed in ArcGIS, are selected by the rural residential area of resettlement
It positioned at the residential area in suitability difference region, primarily determines as 49 rural residential areas need to moving totally 2392 people, resettlement is to affiliated
Corresponding 6 candidate sites, please refer to Fig. 3 in coverage.
In the above-described embodiments, the remote sensing image data in step 1 derives from Google Earth high definition image, and DEM data are come
Derived from geographical spatial data cloud, social population's economic data discloses net from local government's information, the vector number in step 1
According to including market town, key village, rural residential area, road, river, the gradient and slope aspect.
In the above-described embodiments, then by the information content reclassification of all grids in target area in step 3, according to existing resident
Validity of the point in the distribution situation judgment models of Suitability division.
By that will study, area will have residential area grid (data binaryzation) and the sorted region of suitability carries out subregion system
Testing model validity is counted, as a result such as following table：
It shows there is 43.26% existing residential area density in Suitable Area according to above table, there is 38.46% to have residence
People's point is distributed in the most suitable region, and about 81.72% existing residential area is fallen in Suitable Area and the most suitable region, illustrates application message amount
Model carry out suitability evaluation be it is feasible, evaluation result is relatively successful.
In the above-described embodiments, production is production district particle in step 4, and settlement is residential area particle.
In the above-described embodiments, the constraint in step 4 every is：The distribution of each production by
It is limited to whether settlement is chosen；Each production must be assigned to some settlement；Selection
Settlement sum is exactly P；Indicate which production whether which settlement of dispensing.
The present invention utilize GIS technology, construct information computation, quantitatively carry out Land Use of Rural Residential Area suitability evaluation and
Addressing, and using integral linear programming P- median Problem model carry out location optimi-zation, can flexible setting candidate site demand,
Addressing result navigates to plot；Candidate site be based on practical road network, consider peasant move after daily work demand, make its distance at
This minimum has the advantages of precision is high, strong operability.
Finally it should be noted that：The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features,
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of addressing of rural residential area centralized residential district and optimization method based on GIS, which is characterized in that be primarily based on GIS
Target area space and attribute data are obtained, building information computation carries out rural residential area centralized residential district land used suitability and comments
Valence, superposition land use planning allow to build area, obtain candidate site, and set size threshold value and screened, reuse
P- median Problem model optimizes candidate site, including following method and step：
Step 1 obtains the spatial datas such as target area road, river, rural residential area construction land, elevation, the gradient and slope aspect
With economics of population attribute data：In order to obtain the vector data of target area, it is necessary first to collect target area remote sensing image,
The data such as DEM, land use planning figure and social economy's population load high definition remote sensing picture in ArcGIS and interpret by visual observation
The data such as atural object interpretation digitized target area road, river, rural residential area, key village and market town construction land are carried out,
Surface analysis is carried out to dem data in ArcGIS and obtains the target area gradient and slope aspect data, economics of population data are input to pair
In the vector data table answered；
Step 2 is based on GIS spatial analysis, constructs information content suitability assessment model：Will affect factor rating and count and rural area
Then all factor information amounts are superimposed, indicate suitability with the information content size of single grid cell by the information content in residential area
Degree, it is specific as follows：Impact factor is determined first and is classified, and information computation intuitively shows influence by information magnitude size
Level of intimate between the factor and research object, combining target region actual conditions choose suitability evaluation impact factor, such as slope
Degree, slope aspect, elevation, the distance away from river, the distance away from road, distance away from cities and towns etc., will affect Factor minute in ArcGIS
Grade, and in using area statistical tool statistical classification rural residential area quantity, bring into formula calculate information content, calculation formula is such as
Under：
In formula：Wi is the information content size of some factor；Densclass is resident's dot density in some factor；Densmap is
Resident's dot density in entire target area；Npix (Si) is the grid number in the residential area for including in some factor；Npix(Ni)
It is all grid numbers of some factor figure layer；SNpix (Si) is the grid number in residential area in entire target area；SNpix(Ni)
It is all grid numbers in entire target area；
The information content Wi of all factors is added, the information content size of some grid cell can be obtained, used in ArcGIS
All factor figure layers are pressed and state formula superposition by raster symbol-base device：
W=∑ Wi
In formula：W is expressed as evaluation area's unit information amount predicted value.
Step 3, the distribution feelings by the information content reclassification of all grids in target area, according to existing residential area in Suitability division
The validity of condition judgment models continues to execute if model is effective, otherwise returns, and checks the impact factor quality of data or more
After new impact factor, reappraise；
Step 4 is based on road using P- median Problem model with production estimation point to the minimum target of candidate site total distance
Network data collection is arranged candidate site quantity required, optimizes to the candidate addressing filtered out：Obtain target area suitability point
Qu Hou is sieved the high grid cell vector quantization of suitability by block area size after superposition land use planning allows to build area
Select a certain number of candidate sites；P- median Problem model is as follows：Assuming that original resident point is ignored not away from the distance of production district
Meter, resident need to be round-trip in production district and residential area in daily work, selects the candidate site of certain amount, is arrived with reaching production
The total distance of settlement or time are minimum, and P- median Problem formula is as follows：
Z=∑ ∑ aidijxij
In formula：I is production number (i=1,2 ..., n)；J is candidate residential area coding (j=1,2 ..., m)；P is to select
The residential area number taken；aiIt is the aggregate demand of production i；dijIt is the distance between production i to residential area j or time；xij=1
It indicates that the service facility of jth point covers i-th of production, is otherwise 0；
The minimum value of above-mentioned formula is sought under certain constraints；
Step 5 determines candidate site and segmentation service region, and determines that the rural area of subregion domestic demand resettlement occupies according to suitability grades
People's point：Road net data collection is created according to practical road network in ArcGIS, by rural residential area (demand point) and filters out candidate choosing
Location is connected to nearest road network node, and all data are converted to coverage format, uses in ArcInfo Worksation
Candidate site quantity required is arranged in Mindistance module, carries out location optimi-zation based on road net data, selects a certain number of
Candidate site, segmentation service region；
Step 6 exports final Compact rural housing addressing scheme：Determine that coverage domestic demand is moved according to suitability grades
Rural residential area, the Suitability division figure layer of vector quantization and residential area map overlay are analyzed in ArcGIS, selects and is located at
The residential area in suitability difference region, primarily determines the rural residential area for that need to move, and resettlement is arrived corresponding in affiliated coverage
Candidate site.
2. a kind of addressing of rural residential area centralized residential district and optimization method based on GIS according to claim 1, feature
It is, the remote sensing image data in the step 1 derives from Google Earth high definition image, and dem data derives from geographical space number
According to cloud, social population's economic data discloses net from local government's information, the vector data in the step 1 include market town,
Key village, rural residential area, road, river, the gradient and slope aspect.
3. a kind of addressing of rural residential area centralized residential district and optimization method based on GIS according to claim 1, feature
It is, by the information content reclassification of all grids in target area in the step 3, according to existing residential area in Suitability division
The validity of distribution situation judgment models.
4. a kind of addressing of rural residential area centralized residential district and optimization method based on GIS according to claim 1, feature
It is, production is production district particle in the step 4, and settlement is residential area particle.
5. a kind of addressing of rural residential area centralized residential district and optimization method based on GIS according to claim 1, feature
It is, constraint every in the step 4 is：Whether the distribution of each production is limited to settlement
It is selected；Each production must be assigned to some settlement；The settlement sum of selection is just
It is P；Indicate which production whether which settlement of dispensing.
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| CN110555654A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-12-10 | 广州大学 | logistics distribution center site selection method and device for fresh food chain store in community |
| CN110851548A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-02-28 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Municipal facility site selection layout method based on ArcGIS analysis |
| CN110933601A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-27 | ***通信集团内蒙古有限公司 | Target area determination method, device, equipment and medium |
| CN111077280A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-04-28 | 浙江清华长三角研究院 | River network-based source tracing analysis method between rural sewage treatment facility and water quality monitoring station |
| CN111260392A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-06-09 | 广州大学 | Vending machine site selection method and device based on multi-source big data |
| CN111950823A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-11-17 | 河南理工大学 | Rural residential point regulation and control classification method based on space suitability and internal characteristics |
| CN112307533A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-02 | 深圳集智数字科技有限公司 | Control and regulation graph generation method and related equipment |
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| CN114757549A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-15 | 中交第二航务工程勘察设计院有限公司 | Inland river main stream channel overwater service area function and scale decision-making method |
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