CN108872154B - Device and method for measuring space angle resolution laser scattering loss of non-cladding optical fiber - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring space angle resolution laser scattering loss of non-cladding optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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Abstract
An apparatus and method for measuring the spatial angle-resolved scattering loss of laser light in a claddless optical fiber, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a continuous laser, a beam collimator, a frequency modulator, a polarizer, a phase retarder, a beam splitter, an optical fiber coupler, a mechanical clamping device, a cylindrical dark box, an electric displacement table, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector, a first phase-locked amplifier, a second phase-locked amplifier, an A/D data acquisition card and a computer. The invention can measure the angle-resolved intensity distribution of laser scattering in the cross section along the length direction of the optical fiber, and can also obtain the scattering distribution along the length direction of the optical fiber. The invention can also obtain the influence rule of the laser with different polarization states on the optical fiber scattering by adjusting the polarization direction of the laser. The invention is not only suitable for single crystal optical fiber, but also can be used for common optical fiber. The device and the method are suitable for lasers with all wavelengths, and can provide an experimental platform for measuring the scattering loss of the optical fiber laser.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical fiber loss testing, in particular to a measuring device and a method for measuring space angle resolution laser scattering loss of a non-cladding optical fiber.
Background
The optical fiber is an important light transmission device, the transmission loss of light in the optical fiber is far lower than that of electricity in a cable, so that the optical fiber becomes an important long-distance optical signal transmission carrier, and the loss of the quartz optical fiber used in the conventional communication waveband is lower than 0.2 dB/km. However, with the change of the wavelength band and the material of the optical fiber, the optical loss, especially the scattering loss, of the optical fiber is still a key bottleneck problem affecting the optical fiber application. The reasonable loss measurement technology and method are adopted to evaluate the optical fiber, key factors influencing the optical loss of the optical fiber are searched and controlled, and the key technology is a core key technology for improving the performance of the optical fiber and meeting application requirements.
Currently, the optical loss measurement of the optical fiber generally adopts a cutting method and a back scattering method. The cutting method is that the light intensity of the output end of the optical fiber is firstly measured (I2), then a small segment of the optical fiber is cut at the input end, the output light intensity of the small segment of the optical fiber is measured to be used as the input light intensity of the whole optical fiber (I1), and the total optical loss A of the whole optical fiber is 10lg (I1/I2). The backscattering method is to measure the attenuation change along the length direction of the optical fiber by using an optical time domain reflectometer so as to obtain the length resolution characteristic of the optical fiber loss. Both methods measure the total optical loss of the fiber, including absorption and scattering losses.
The absorption loss of the optical fiber is caused by the optical fiber material and the impurity elements therein, while the scattering loss is caused by the loss of optical power leaking out of the fiber core due to the atomic density micro-fluctuation in the components of the optical fiber material or the structural defect of the optical fiber waveguide. The former is mainly determined by the optical fiber material characteristics and can be obtained by measuring the optical absorption coefficient of the drawn optical fiber preform; the latter is mainly related to the optical fiber manufacturing process, and the formed optical fiber must be measured and characterized.
The single crystal fiber loss measuring instrument invented by Dong Miao et al can measure the total scattering of a short fiber of 2-40cm, AND A.Harrington also reports a method for measuring the total scattering loss of a section of fiber using an integrating sphere (CRAIG D.NIE, SUBHABRATA BERA, AND JAMES A.HARRNTGON, Growth of single-crystal YAG fiber Optics [ J ], Optics Express,24(14),2016: 15522). These methods are all directed to measuring the total scattering of a section of optical fiber, and there is no apparatus or method for measuring the angular resolution of the spatial distribution of the scattering of the optical fiber. The spatial distribution characteristic of the scattered light is closely related to the structural defect characteristic in the optical fiber, and the method is an important means for inverting the structural defect characteristic.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the existing measuring device and method, the invention aims to provide the measuring device and the measuring method for the space angle resolution laser scattering loss of the non-cladding optical fiber, and the problem of the space angle resolution measurement of the scattering of the optical fiber is solved.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a measuring device for space angle resolution laser scattering loss of a non-cladding optical fiber is characterized by comprising the following components: the continuous laser comprises a beam collimator, a frequency modulator, a polarizer, a phase retarder and a light splitting sheet in sequence along the output light direction of the continuous laser; the beam splitter divides the laser into 1:1 two beams of light, namely a detection beam and a reference beam; the detection light beam is guided into an optical fiber to be measured through the optical fiber coupler; the reference beam irradiates on the first photoelectric detector;
the optical fiber to be measured is horizontally fixed by a mechanical clamping device after passing through a central small hole on two parallel end surfaces of the cylindrical camera bellows, and one section of the optical fiber to be measured is surrounded by the cylindrical camera bellows; the side wall of the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical camera bellows is provided with a second photoelectric detector with a fixed position, the normal of the photosensitive surface of the second photoelectric detector is vertical to the central axis of the cylindrical camera bellows, and the vertical distance between the photosensitive surface and the optical fiber to be detected is larger than the size of the photosensitive surface by one order of magnitude; the cylindrical camera bellows is arranged on the electric displacement table;
the electric signal output end of the frequency modulator is respectively connected with the first input end of the first phase-locked amplifier and the first input end of the second phase-locked amplifier; the output end of the first photoelectric detector is connected with the second input end of the first phase-locked amplifier; the output end of the second photoelectric detector is connected with the second input end of the second phase-locked amplifier; the output ends of the first phase-locked amplifier and the second phase-locked amplifier are respectively connected with the first input end and the second input end of the A/D data acquisition card; the output end of the A/D data acquisition card is connected with the input end of the computer; the first output end of the computer is connected with the electric signal input end of the phase delayer; and the second output end of the computer is connected with the input end of the electric displacement table.
The continuous laser is a laser with wavelength in the application waveband of the optical fiber to be measured.
The frequency modulator is a mechanical chopper, an electro-optic frequency modulator or an acousto-optic frequency modulator.
The phase delayer is a variable phase delayer.
The optical fiber to be detected is an optical fiber without cladding, and all types of optical fiber materials are suitable.
The two parallel end faces on the cylindrical camera bellows are detachable parts, and the end face with the corresponding pore size can be selected according to the core diameter of the optical fiber to be detected; the side wall of the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical camera bellows is carved with 0-360 degrees of scales.
The electric displacement platform is an XYZR axis combined displacement platform, and the position and the state of the optical fiber to be detected are not changed when the cylindrical camera bellows and the second photoelectric detector are driven to translate or rotate.
The measuring method for the space angle resolution laser scattering loss of the unclad optical fiber by using the measuring device for the space angle resolution laser scattering loss of the unclad optical fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) according to the core diameter of the optical fiber to be detected, two parallel end faces with proper pore size are selected to be assembled into the cylindrical dark box, the pore size is such that the optical fiber to be detected can just pass through, and light leakage of the cylindrical dark box can be ignored; the optical fiber to be measured penetrates through the centers of the small holes on the two parallel end surfaces of the cylindrical dark box; fixing the optical fiber to be tested close to the front end of the optical fiber coupler by using a mechanical clamping device;
2) starting the continuous laser, and adjusting the front ends of the beam collimator, the optical fiber coupler and the mechanical clamping device to enable laser beams to enter the optical fiber to be detected; turning on a calculator power supply; the electric displacement table is driven by a computer to move up and down and left and right, so that the optical fiber to be detected is positioned in the central axis of the cylindrical camera bellows and is coaxial with the detection light beam, and the rear end of the mechanical clamping device is used for fixing the optical fiber to be detected;
3) starting a frequency modulator, and setting a modulation frequency; starting a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector, starting a first phase-locked amplifier and a second phase-locked amplifier, selecting a voltage gear by the first phase-locked amplifier and the second phase-locked amplifier, and measuring the voltage number; starting a power supply of the phase retarder, and adjusting the phase retarder to enable the polarization state of the light beam to meet the set requirement;
4) setting the propagation direction of the detection light beam as Y-axis direction, driving the electric displacement table to move to the position close to the front end of the mechanical clamping device along the Y-axis by the computer, recording the position as a measurement origin Y equal to 0, and dividing the length measurement range into 0-YNSelecting an angle on the side wall of the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical dark box, recording the angle as an angle-resolved measurement origin theta equal to 0, and enabling y to ben＝nΔy，θi＝iΔθ；
5) Reading and recording the first phase-locked amplifier voltage V by a computer14i(yn，θi) Reading and recording the second lock-in amplifier voltage V15i(yn，θi)，
6) The rotation angle delta theta, theta of the electric displacement table is driven by a computeri(i +1) Δ θ, when θi>When the temperature is 360 ℃, the next step is carried out;
7) the computer drives the moving distance delta y, y of the electric displacement tablenReturns to step 5) when y is (n +1) Δ yn>yNThen, the next step is carried out;
8) the spatial angle-resolved scattering power S is calculated using the following formula:
S(yn，θi)＝V14i(yn，θi)/V15i(yn，θi)。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention can measure the scattered light orthogonal to the fiber axis, thereby obtaining the angle-resolved scattered light distribution, which cannot be realized by the prior art; the prior art measurable total scattering of the fiber can also be obtained by the superposition of the intensities of the scattered light at all angles.
2. The technology of the invention has no special requirements on the range of laser wavelength and the material quality of optical fiber materials under the aspect of applicable conditions, has universality and has advantages in the aspects of the range of wavelength and the limitation of optical fiber materials compared with the prior art.
3. The variable phase retarder in the device can flexibly adjust the polarization characteristic of the laser to be measured, namely linearly polarized light or elliptically polarized light, and can measure the scattering characteristic of the laser with different polarization characteristics in the optical fiber.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measuring device for spatial-angle-resolved laser scattering loss of a non-clad optical fiber according to the present invention
Detailed Description
The following examples and drawings are further illustrative of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measuring device for space-angle-resolved laser scattering loss of a claddless optical fiber, as can be seen from FIG. 1, the device comprises a continuous laser 1, and a beam collimator 2, a frequency modulator 3, a polarizer 4, a phase retarder 5 and a beam splitter 6 are arranged along the output light direction of the continuous laser 1 in sequence; the beam splitter 6 divides the laser into 1:1 two beams of light, namely a detection beam and a reference beam; the detection light beam is guided into an optical fiber 8 to be measured through an optical fiber coupler 7; the reference beam is irradiated on the first photodetector 13; the optical fiber 8 to be measured is horizontally fixed by a mechanical clamping device 11 after passing through a central small hole on two parallel end surfaces of a cylindrical camera bellows 9, and one section of the optical fiber 8 to be measured is surrounded by the cylindrical camera bellows 9; the side wall of the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical camera bellows 9 is provided with a second photoelectric detector 10 with a fixed position, the normal of the photosensitive surface of the second photoelectric detector 10 is vertical to the central axis of the cylindrical camera bellows 9, and the vertical distance between the photosensitive surface and the optical fiber 8 to be detected is larger than the size of the photosensitive surface by one order of magnitude; the cylindrical camera bellows 9 is arranged on an electric displacement table 12; the electrical signal output end of the frequency modulator 3 is respectively connected with the first input ends of the first phase-locked amplifier 14 and the second phase-locked amplifier 15; the output end of the first photodetector 13 is connected with the second input end of the first phase-locked amplifier 14; the output end of the second photodetector 10 is connected to the second input end of the second lock-in amplifier 15; the output ends of the first phase-locked amplifier 14 and the second phase-locked amplifier 15 are respectively connected with the first input end and the second input end of the A/D data acquisition card 16; the output end of the A/D data acquisition card 16 is connected with the input end of the computer 17; a first output end of the computer 17 is connected with an electric signal input end of the phase delayer 5; a second output end of the computer 17 is connected with an input end of the electric displacement table 12
The continuous laser 1 is an HNL100R laser of Thorlabs company, and can output a wavelength of 632.8nm, a power of 10mW, a divergence angle of 1.2mrad, and a beam aperture of 0.68 mm.
The beam collimator 2 is a beam expanding lens BE02-05-A of Thorlabs company, expands the light beam by 5 times, reduces the divergence angle of the light beam to 0.24mrad, and the light beam is close to parallel light.
The frequency modulator 3 is an SR540 mechanical chopper of Stanford company, and the modulation frequency range is 4 Hz-3.7 KHz.
The polarizer 4 is a flat plate polarizing film element with an incident angle of 56.4 degrees, the element size is phi 50mm multiplied by 3mm, the central wavelength is 632.8nm, and the extinction ratio is more than 100: 1.
The phase retarder 5 is a phi 10mm multi-wave liquid crystal retarder manufactured by Thorlabs company and is coated with a 350-700nm antireflection film.
The light splitting sheet 6 is a GCC-411102 common broadband light splitting plain sheet of great Hengji science and technology, Inc., the wavelength range is 450nm-650nm, the element size is phi 25.4mm, and the light splitting ratio is 1: 1.
The optical fiber coupler 7 is an F810SMA-635-SMA collimator of Thorlabs company, NA is 0.25, and F is 35.41 mm.
The optical fiber 8 to be measured is a YAG single crystal optical fiber with the core diameter of 500 μm and the length of 1 m.
The cylindrical dark box 9 surrounds the optical fiber with the length of 20 cm.
The first photodetector 13 and the second photodetector 10 are both PDA36A-EC from Thorlabs.
The first phase-locked amplifier 14 and the second phase-locked amplifier 15 are both SR830 phase-locked amplifiers by stanford.
The A/D data acquisition card 16 is NI-PCI 6251 of national instruments and companies (NI).
The specific implementation method of the invention is as follows:
1) according to the core diameter of the YAG single crystal optical fiber 8, two parallel end faces with proper pore size are selected to assemble the cylindrical dark box 9, the pore size is such that the YAG single crystal optical fiber 8 can just pass through, and the light leakage of the cylindrical dark box 9 can be ignored; passing YAG single crystal optical fiber 8 through the center of small holes on two parallel end faces of cylindrical dark box 9; fixing the YAG single crystal optical fiber 8 close to the front end of the optical fiber coupler 7 by using a mechanical clamping device 11;
2) starting the continuous laser 1, adjusting the front ends of the beam collimator 2, the optical fiber coupler 7 and the mechanical clamping device 11, and enabling laser beams to enter the YAG single crystal optical fiber 8; turning on the power supply of the calculator 17; the electric displacement table 12 is driven by a computer 17 to move up, down, left and right, so that the YAG single crystal optical fiber 8 is positioned on the central axis of the cylindrical camera bellows 9 and is coaxial with the detection light beam, and the YAG single crystal optical fiber 8 is fixed by using the rear end of a mechanical clamping device 11;
3) starting the frequency modulator 3 and setting the modulation frequency; starting a first photoelectric detector 13 and a second photoelectric detector 10, starting a first phase-locked amplifier 14 and a second phase-locked amplifier 15, selecting a voltage gear by the first phase-locked amplifier 14 and the second phase-locked amplifier 15, and measuring a voltage number; starting a power supply of the phase retarder 5, and adjusting the phase retarder 5 to enable the polarization state of the light beam to meet the setting requirement;
4) assuming that the propagation direction of the probe beam is the Y-axis direction, the computer 17 drives the electric displacement table 12 to move to a position close to the front end of the mechanical clamping device 11 along the Y-axis, and the position is recorded as a measurement origin Y equal to 0, and the length measurement range is divided into 0 to YNSelecting an angle on the side wall of the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical dark box 9, recording the angle as an angle-resolved measurement origin theta equal to 0, and enabling y to ben＝nΔy，θi＝iΔθ；
5) The voltage V of the first phase-locked amplifier 14 is read and recorded by the computer 1714i(yn，θi) Reading and recording the voltage V of the second lock-in amplifier 1515i(yn，θi)，
6) The electric displacement table is driven by the computer 17 (12) Angle of rotation of delta theta, thetai(i +1) Δ θ, when θi>When the temperature is 360 ℃, the next step is carried out;
7) the computer 17 drives the electric displacement table 12 to move by the distance delta y, ynReturns to step 5) when y is (n +1) Δ yn>yNThen, the next step is carried out;
8) the spatial angle-resolved scattering power S is calculated using the following formula:
S(yn，θi)＝V14i(yn，θi)/V15i(yn，θi)。
by measuring the scattered light normal to the fiber axis, an angularly resolved scattered light distribution and a scattered distribution along the length of the fiber are obtained.
Experiments show that the invention can measure the scattered light orthogonal to the fiber axis, thereby obtaining the angle-resolved scattered light distribution, which cannot be realized by the prior art; the prior art measurable total scattering of the fiber can also be obtained by the superposition of the intensities of the scattered light at all angles.
The variable phase retarder in the device can flexibly adjust the polarization characteristic of the laser to be measured, namely linearly polarized light or elliptically polarized light, and can measure the scattering characteristic of the laser with different polarization characteristics in the optical fiber.
The invention has no special requirements on the range of laser wavelength and the material of optical fiber materials, has universality and has advantages in the aspects of the range of wavelength and the limitation of optical fiber materials compared with the prior art.
Claims (8)
1. A device for measuring the spatial angle-resolved laser scattering loss of a non-clad optical fiber is characterized by comprising the following components: the continuous laser (1) is sequentially provided with a beam collimator (2), a frequency modulator (3), a polarizer (4), a phase retarder (5) and a light splitting sheet (6) along the output light direction of the continuous laser (1); the light splitting sheet (6) divides the laser into 1:1 two beams of light, namely a detection beam and a reference beam; the detection light beam is guided into an optical fiber (8) to be detected through an optical fiber coupler (7); the reference beam is irradiated on a first photoelectric detector (13);
the optical fiber (8) to be tested is horizontally fixed by a mechanical clamping device (11) after passing through a small central hole of two parallel end surfaces of a cylindrical camera bellows (9), and one section of the optical fiber (8) to be tested is surrounded by the cylindrical camera bellows (9); a second photoelectric detector (10) with a fixed position is arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical camera bellows (9), the normal of the photosensitive surface of the second photoelectric detector (10) is vertical to the central axis of the cylindrical camera bellows (9), and the vertical distance between the photosensitive surface and the optical fiber (8) to be detected is larger than the size of the photosensitive surface by one order of magnitude; the cylindrical camera bellows (9) is arranged on the electric displacement table (12);
the electric signal output end of the frequency modulator (3) is respectively connected with the first input end of the first phase-locked amplifier (14) and the first input end of the second phase-locked amplifier (15); the output end of the first photoelectric detector (13) is connected with the second input end of the first phase-locked amplifier (14); the output end of the second photoelectric detector (10) is connected with the second input end of the second lock-in amplifier (15); the output ends of the first phase-locked amplifier (14) and the second phase-locked amplifier (15) are respectively connected with the first input end and the second input end of an A/D data acquisition card (16); the output end of the A/D data acquisition card (16) is connected with the input end of the computer (17); the first output end of the computer (17) is connected with the electric signal input end of the phase delayer (5); the second output end of the computer (17) is connected with the input end of the electric displacement table (12);
the electric displacement table (12) is an XYZR axis combined displacement table, and when the cylindrical camera bellows (9) and the second photoelectric detector (10) are driven to translate or rotate, the position and the state of the optical fiber (8) to be detected are not changed.
2. The apparatus for measuring the spatial-angle-resolved scattering loss of laser light for an unclad optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the continuous laser (1) is a laser having a wavelength within the wavelength band of the optical fiber to be measured.
3. The device for measuring the spatial-angle-resolved laser scattering loss of an unclad optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the frequency modulator (3) is a mechanical chopper, an electro-optic frequency modulator, or an acousto-optic frequency modulator.
4. The apparatus for measuring the spatial-angle-resolved scattering loss of laser light of an unclad optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the phase retarder (5) is a variable phase retarder.
5. The apparatus for measuring the spatial-angle-resolved scattering loss of laser light by an unclad optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber (8) to be measured is an unclad optical fiber.
6. The apparatus for measuring the spatial and angular resolution laser scattering loss of the unclad optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the two parallel end faces of the cylindrical dark box (9) are detachable parts, and the end face with the corresponding small hole size can be selected according to the core diameter of the optical fiber (8) to be measured; the side wall of the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical camera bellows (9) is carved with 0-360 degrees of scales.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber is a fiber optic fiber.
8. A method for measuring the spatial-angle-resolved laser scattering loss of an unclad optical fiber by using the apparatus for measuring the spatial-angle-resolved laser scattering loss of an unclad optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
1) according to the core diameter of the optical fiber (8) to be detected, two parallel end faces with proper pore size are selected to be assembled into the cylindrical camera bellows (9), the pore size is such that the optical fiber (8) to be detected can just pass through, and the light leakage of the cylindrical camera bellows (9) can be ignored; the optical fiber (8) to be measured penetrates through the centers of the small holes on the two parallel end surfaces of the cylindrical dark box (9); fixing the optical fiber (8) to be tested close to the front end of the optical fiber coupler (7) by using a mechanical clamping device (11);
2) starting the continuous laser (1), and adjusting the front ends of the beam collimator (2), the optical fiber coupler (7) and the mechanical clamping device (11) to enable laser beams to enter an optical fiber (8) to be tested; turning on the power supply of the computer (17); the computer (17) drives the electric displacement table (12) to move up, down, left and right to enable the optical fiber (8) to be detected to be positioned in the central axis of the cylindrical camera bellows (9) and coaxial with the detection light beam, and the rear end of the mechanical clamping device (11) is used for fixing the optical fiber (8) to be detected;
3) starting a frequency modulator (3) and setting a modulation frequency; starting a first photoelectric detector (13) and a second photoelectric detector (10), starting a first phase-locked amplifier (14) and a second phase-locked amplifier (15), selecting a voltage gear by the first phase-locked amplifier (14) and the second phase-locked amplifier (15), and measuring a voltage number; starting a power supply of the phase retarder (5), and adjusting the phase retarder (5) to enable the polarization state of the light beam to meet the setting requirement;
4) the propagation direction of the detection light beam is set as the Y-axis direction, the computer (17) drives the electric displacement table (12) to move to the position close to the front end of the mechanical clamping device (11) along the Y-axis, the position is recorded as the measurement origin Y is equal to 0, and the length measurement range is divided into 0-YNSelecting an angle on the side wall of the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical dark box (9), recording the angle as an angle-resolved measurement origin theta equal to 0, and enabling y to ben＝nΔy，θi＝iΔθ；
5) Reading and recording the voltage V of the first phase-locked amplifier (14) by a computer (17)14i(yn，θi) Reading and recording the voltage V of the second lock-in amplifier (15)15i(yn，θi)，
6) The rotation angle delta theta, theta of the electric displacement table (12) is driven by the computer (17)i(i +1) Δ θ, when θi>When the temperature is 360 ℃, the next step is carried out;
7) the computer (17) drives the moving distance delta y, y of the electric displacement table (12)nReturns to step 5) when y is (n +1) Δ yn>yNThen, the next step is carried out;
8) the spatial angle-resolved scattering power S is calculated using the following formula:
S(yn，θi)＝V14i(yn，θi)/V15i(yn，θi)。
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