CN108851038A - 糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108851038A CN108851038A CN201810433938.0A CN201810433938A CN108851038A CN 108851038 A CN108851038 A CN 108851038A CN 201810433938 A CN201810433938 A CN 201810433938A CN 108851038 A CN108851038 A CN 108851038A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品及其制备方法，属于营养食品技术领域。所述的糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品包括有蛋白、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质、柿果多酚营养元素。本发明的营养食品碳水化合物含量少、果糖和豌豆膳食纤维替代糊精、单不饱和脂肪酸含量高，适合于糖尿病并发症肾病患者。本发明的营养食品除了满足糖尿病并发症肾病患者的营养需求外，还能够改善患者氧化应激状态，提高体内抗氧化***能力，降低患者不良反应，改善糖尿病并发症肾病患者的身体状态。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于特医食品，营养食品技术领域，涉及一种糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品及其制备方法。
背景技术
糖尿病是一组以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。高血糖则是由于胰岛素分泌缺陷或其生物作用受损，或两者兼有引起。糖尿病时长期存在的高血糖，导致各种组织，特别是眼、肾、心脏、血管、神经的慢性损害、功能障碍。据报道，患有糖尿病病人常存在多种因素导致的营养不良，不良发生率高达50％以上。改善患者营养状况，对预防感染，减少并发症，缩短住院时间，提高患者生存质量和延长生存时间有重要意义。低收入者或经济状况欠佳者因经济能力有限，在无法采用更高效的治疗手段和药物情况下，更需要充足的营养保障来应对长期的治疗或康复。而目前，尚无针对经济状况不佳的病患者的营养合理、价格优惠的营养食品。
糖尿病肾病（diabeticnephropathy，DN）是一种最为常见的糖尿病微血管并发症，也是慢性肾脏疾病的主要原因。目前，有关糖尿病肾病的治疗主要是干预高血糖及蛋白尿，旨在保护肾功能，预防和延缓糖尿病肾病发生、进展。许多机制参与糖尿病肾病的发生和发展，包括遗传因素，血流动力学因素，晚期糖基化终末产物(advancedglycationproducts，AGEs)生成增多，活性氧(reactiveoxygenspecies，ROS)生成增加及转化生长因子(transforminggrowthfactor-β，TGF-β)表达上调，蛋白激酶C(proteinkinaseC，PKC)激活等。其中，糖尿病时的高糖环境诱导肾脏细胞ROS生成增多，是DN造成高糖损伤的中心环节。ROS主要在线粒体产生。生理情况下，体内的抗氧化***包括谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、以及维生素C等对其进行调控，使ROS的产生和清除趋于平衡。当这种平衡被打破时即发生氧化应激。过多的ROS能够氧化细胞膜的磷脂、蛋白和核酸，通过激活一系列的下游信号通路，导致细胞凋亡。大量的研究已经证实，高糖能够诱导细胞ROS生成增多，过多的ROS又进一步导致了线粒体的损伤。这些研究提示，通过防止ROS的生成来保护线粒体可能是治疗糖尿病一个有效的途径。不同年龄阶段有不同的生理代谢和营养需求，而饮食针对性越强，营养素用量越科学合理适宜，饮食对患者的疾病控制和调节就越有效。而这方面饮食搭配的研究报道甚少，特别是与特医配方食品有关的，针对不同年龄阶段的。
对于特殊医学用途食品，在美国、欧盟、日本等发达国家都有相应的规定和开发应用；我国GB29922-2013《特殊医学用途配方食品通则》食品安全国家标准中营养食品明确规定糖尿病营养食品是指可作为单一营养来源满足糖尿病患者营养需求的特殊医学用途配方食品。 目前市场上尚无针对糖尿病并发症肾病患者的特殊医学用途食品，而此类食品市场潜力巨大，经济效益高，具有重大的社会效益，因此开发此类食品，具有重要意义。
发明内容
为满足低收入者或经济状况欠佳的糖尿病并发症肾病患者的营养需求，特别是长期营养需求，本发明提供了一种糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品制备方法。
本发明所述的一种糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品制备方法，其特征在于，每百克包括以下营养成分：蛋白20.8g-26g、脂肪9.6g-12g、碳水化合物62.5g-72.9g、维生素A 166μg-952μg、维生素D 3.4μg-13μg、维生素E 3.6mg-33mg、维生素K1 18.6μg-185μg、维生素B1 0.4mg-1.1mg、维生素B2 0.35mg-3.5mg、维生素B6 0.35mg-1.29mg、维生素B12 0.53μg-5.3μg、烟酸0.89mg-8.9mg、叶酸94μg-938μg、泛酸1.24mg-25mg、维生素C 2.3mg-7mg、生物素8.85μg-88.5μg、钠54mg-67mg、钾75mg-120mg、铜195μg-300μg、镁70mg-105mg、铁3.54mg-25mg、锌1.07mg-2.5mg、锰106μg-190μg、钙53mg-60mg、磷169mg-204mg、碘28μg-50μg、硒14μg-80μg、铬75μg-90μg、柿果多酚100mg-240mg。
其中：
蛋白的原料为豌豆蛋白或豌豆肽、乳清蛋白；
脂肪的原料为食用植物油的一种或几种的组合；
碳水化合物的原料为果糖、赤藓糖醇、豌豆膳食纤维、豌豆抗性淀粉、麦芽糊精、羟丙基淀粉或任何中华人民共和国国家食品药品监督管理总局批准的碳水化合物的或膳食纤维或抗性淀粉的几种组合；
维生素A添加形式为醋酸视黄酯、棕榈酸视黄酯、β-胡萝卜素中的一种或多种混合；
维生素D添加形式为维生素D2、维生素D3中的一种或多种混合；
维生素E的添加形式为D-α-生育三烯酚、D-α-醋酸生育三烯酚、D-α-琥珀酸生育三烯酚、dl-α-醋酸生育三烯酚、dl-α-生育三烯酚、维生素E琥珀酸钙中的一种或多种混合；
维生素K1添加形式为维生素K1；
维生素B1添加形式为盐酸硫胺素、硝酸硫胺素中的一种或多种混合；
维生素B2添加形式为核黄素、核黄素5’-磷酸钠中的一种或多种混合；
维生素B6添加形式为盐酸吡哆醇；
维生素B12添加形式为氰钴胺；烟酸的添加形式为烟酸、烟酰胺中的一种或多种混合；
叶酸的添加形式为叶酸；
泛酸的添加形式为D-泛酸钙；
维生素C的添加形式为L-抗坏血酸、L-抗坏血酸钠、L-抗坏血酸钙、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯中的一种或多种混合；
生物素的添加形式为D-生物素；
钠的添加形式为氯化钠；
钾的添加形式为磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾、氯化钾、柠檬酸钾中的一种或多种混合；
铜的添加形式为硫酸铜、葡萄糖酸铜中的一种或多种混合；
镁的添加形式为碳酸镁、硫酸镁、氧化镁、氯化镁、L-苏糖酸镁中的一种或多种混合；
铁的添加形式为葡萄糖酸亚铁、富马酸亚铁、硫酸亚铁、乳酸亚铁、琥珀酸亚铁中的一种或多种混合；
锌的添加形式为硫酸锌、柠檬酸锌、柠檬酸锌（三水）、葡萄糖酸锌、氧化锌、乳酸锌中的一种或多种混合；
锰的添加形式为硫酸锰、葡萄糖酸锰中的一种或多种混合；
钙的添加形式为碳酸钙、醋酸钙、氯化钙、柠檬酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、乳酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸二氢钙、磷酸三钙（磷酸钙）、硫酸钙、L-乳酸钙、甘油磷酸钙中的一种或多种，其中以有机钙为主；
磷的添加形式为磷酸二氢钾；
碘的添加形式为碘酸钾；
硒的添加形式为***钠、富硒酵母、L-硒-甲基硒代半胱氨酸中的一种或多种混合；
铬的添加形式为氯化铬；
柿果多酚来自于去皮的甜柿柿果或成熟的涩柿。
本发明豌豆蛋白肽的制备方法为：利用中性蛋白酶酶解豌豆蛋白，酶解液经喷雾干燥得到豌豆蛋白肽。
其中，加酶量11%（酶与底物的质量比）、温度40℃、pH7、底物浓度6.9%（g/mL）；。
酶解反应后，豌豆蛋白肽的DPPH清除率、.OH清除率、O2 .-清除率分别为99.1%、97.6%、78.2%。
本发明所述的糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品制备方法如下：以糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品质量百克计，将蛋白、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K1、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、烟酸、叶酸、泛酸、维生素C、生物素、钠5、钾、铜、镁、铁、锌、锰、钙、磷、碘、硒、铬、柿果多酚营养成分的原料灭菌后，平均分成5份，形成功能袋，最低单位剂量包的能量值等于295kJ，脂肪用量≤43g/d，碳水化合物用量≤200g/d。元素总质量为15.6-55g/包；
脂肪营养成分的原料灭菌后，平均分成5份，形成能量袋。
其中：灭菌功率为425W-500W、杀菌时间为100s-120s；
本发明所述的糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品的食用方法为：
剂量包使用规格：0.4包/（kg·d），每日使用剂量≤27包。
按照以下两种方法之一食用：
（1）用100mL-400mL开水降温至45℃-60℃，溶解功能袋和能量袋、搅拌、摇匀后，直接饮用或经管饲摄入；
（2）将功能袋中的营养物质添加到不含有食盐的日常饮食中食用。
本发明产品的销售方式为直接销售给消费者，不通过医院、超市或药店等场所或途径，减少中间环节，降低费用，实现低价薄利销售的特点，消费者可以更经济、更实惠的食用，满足消费者长期食用的要求。
本发明的有益效果如下：
本发明糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品的效果取决于各营养成分的各自作用和相互协调作用；
本发明中，蛋白中豌豆蛋白肽具有显著高效的清除各种自由基的功效，DPPH清除率、.OH清除率、O2 .-清除率分别为99.1%、97.6%、78.2%，还具有抗炎症、免疫调节、抑制肾素和ACE酶活性的作用，特别是具有防治糖尿病及糖尿病引起的与氧化应激有关的并发症作用。同时，豌豆商业品种尚无转基因品种，致敏性低，无饲喂不耐受性。
乳清蛋白是优质蛋白质，含有β-乳球蛋白、α-乳白蛋白、免疫球蛋白等多种活性成分，脂肪、乳糖含量低，较动物性蛋白质中的过量饱和脂肪、胆固醇等有害物质少，必需氨基酸种类和含量齐全，营养价值高，易被消化吸收，能增强免疫，能防止血脂和胆固醇升高，对心血管疾病有益。配方中采用豌豆蛋白和乳清蛋白的混合物的形式，结合了植物蛋白和动物蛋白两者优势，避免了单一蛋白的不足，更重要的是对糖尿病患者肾脏具有保护作用，可以减轻糖尿病并发症肾病患者肾小球的高滤过的程度，减缓或避免了肾小球硬化，肾单位破坏和发展，且通过强抗氧化性可以从根源上清除自由基，调节患者的身体状态，有利于患者的康复、避免疾病的恶化或复发。
豌豆蛋白肽可以针对性清除肾小球肾炎的氧自由基和MDA，来提高患者身体状态。豌豆蛋白水解产物生成的豌豆蛋白肽可以通过与淀粉结合降低淀粉消化率。在消化早期阶段，添加的豌豆蛋白水解物显著降低统释放的可溶性淀粉和葡萄糖的数量。这是由于含有的低分子量蛋白质和多肽(<15kDa)与淀粉粒结合，由于多肽的相互作用，如主链胺基和羰基中暴露的更多极性和带电残基使得蛋及淀粉表面积增加，从而减缓了淀粉消化，降低了患者碳水化合物吸收量，降低了糖尿病患者的升糖指数。
脂肪以富含单不饱和脂肪酸为主的大豆油、菜籽油、花生油、玉米籽油、红花油、紫苏油等的一种或几种组成，这种搭配避免多不饱和脂肪酸对血甘油三酯及脂蛋白代谢的影响，改善脂质水平，延迟胃排空，避免餐后高血糖的发生，降低胰岛素的用量，调节脂质代谢，减少心脑血管疾病危险，也减轻高脂血症。此外，这些油价格便宜易得，脂肪酸组成符合特医食品要求，低脂肪配方适合糖尿病患者疾病体重的控制，有利于身体处于一个糖尿病宜控制和康复的状态。
羟丙基淀粉是良好的助悬剂，助悬效果好，不粘壁，易分散，絮凝颗粒细腻。麦芽糊精具有良好的溶解性，可改善产品的流动性。用果糖代替糊精和支链淀粉，可减慢葡萄糖的释放和吸收速度，减少糖尿病人对胰岛素的依赖。本发明选用豌豆膳食纤维可控制糖尿病人餐后的血糖浓度，糖尿病可减慢配方食品在胃及肠道内的排空速度，延缓碳水化合物的吸收。
本发明中富含三价铬元素，三价铬是葡萄糖耐量因子的组成成分，是胰岛素的辅助因素，有增强葡萄糖利用和促进葡萄糖转变为脂肪的作用，因此补充铬元素可改善糖尿病患者糖、脂代谢紊乱。
同时，配方中也科学设计锌、锰、镁等元素含量，避免了锌缺乏导致胰岛素分泌减少、组织对胰岛素作用的抵抗性增强；镁缺乏引起2型糖尿病患者组织对胰岛素不敏感；锰缺乏加重糖尿病患者的葡萄糖不耐受，具有富含超氧化物歧化酶的金属辅基元素（铜、锌、锰、铁），从而提高患者体内抗氧化剂酶的能力和活力，从氧化应激途径调节糖尿病并发症肾病患者身体状态。
本发明中钙、铁、钾等矿物元素的添加形式以有机为主辅以无机形式，在保证矿物元素生物利用度高的同时，又降低了产品价格，维生素E、维生素C、硒搭配使用，协同增强了彼此的自由基清除能力和抗氧化性能。
钙、维生素A、维生素D，且三者含量比例为1000:1000:1-460:400:1；维生素E和维生素C添加比例为1:1-3:1；维生素E和硒的添加比例为1000:1-300:1；维生素E采用生育三烯酚，生育三稀酚通过抗氧化作用和提高PXR-α、PPAR-α、PPAR-γ表达来实现通过调节脂代谢调节糖尿病患者身体状态的目的；
柿果多酚可通过激活抗氧化酶***消除氧化应激对患者的身体的不良影响，并与抗氧化酶体系的辅酶元素相互作用提高患者体内抗氧化***能力；
本发明中，碳水化合物含量少、果糖和豌豆膳食纤维替代糊精、单不饱和脂肪酸含量高，适合于糖尿病患者。本发明的营养食品除了满足糖尿病并发症肾病患者的营养需求外，还能够改善患者氧化应激状态，提高体内抗氧化***能力，降低患者不良反应，改善糖尿病并发症肾病患者的身体状态。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明进一步说明，但这些实施例并不用于限制本发明的保护范围和适用范围。
实施例1
每百克糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品中营养成分如下：蛋白25g、脂肪12g、碳水化合物66g、维生素A 192.8μg、维生素D 6μg、维生素E 4mg、维生素K1 29μg、维生素B1 0.4mg、维生素B2 0.354mg、维生素B6 0.432mg、维生素B12 0.6μ、烟酸0.89mg、叶酸98μg、泛酸2.42mg、维生素C 3mg、生物素85μg、钠56mg、钾115mg、铜200μg、镁87mg、铁3.9mg、锌1.2mg、锰128μg、钙59mg、磷171mg、碘40.3μg、硒47μg、铬78μg、柿果多酚100mg。
制备每百克营养食品中的原料如下：
豌豆肽15g、乳清蛋白10g、大豆油5g、红花油7g、果糖18g、豌豆膳食纤维12g、羟丙基淀粉36g、醋酸视黄酯201μg、维生素D2 6μg、D-α-醋酸生育三烯酚16mg、维生素K1 29μg、盐酸硫胺素0.40mg、核黄素0.354mg、盐酸吡哆醇0.432mg、氰钴胺0.6μg、烟酸0.89mg、叶酸98μg、D-泛酸钙2.69mg、L-抗坏血酸3mg、D-生物素85μg、氯化钠142mg、硫酸铜500μg、氧化镁145mg、富马酸亚铁13mg、氧化锌1.5mg、硫酸锰448μg、磷酸二氢钙250mg、磷酸二氢钾460mg、碘酸钾68μg、***钠103μg、氯化铬400μg，柿果多酚100mg.
制备步骤：
将豌豆肽、乳清蛋白、果糖、豌豆膳食纤维、羟丙基淀粉、醋酸视黄酯、维生素D2、D-α-醋酸生育三烯酚、维生素K1、盐酸硫胺素、核黄素、盐酸吡哆醇、氰钴胺、烟酸、叶酸、D-泛酸钙、L-抗坏血酸、D-生物素、氯化钠、硫酸铜、氧化镁、富马酸亚铁、氧化锌、硫酸锰、磷酸二氢钙、磷酸二氢钾、碘酸钾、***钠、氯化铬，柿果多酚，于425W灭菌器中灭菌120s；灭菌后，平均分成5份，形成功能袋；
将大豆油、红花油于425W灭菌器中灭菌120s；灭菌后，平均分成5份，形成能量袋；
其中豌豆蛋白肽的制备方法为：利用中性蛋白酶酶解豌豆蛋白，酶解液经喷雾干燥得到豌豆蛋白肽。
其中，加酶量11%（酶与底物的质量比）、温度40℃、pH7、底物浓度6.9%（g/mL）；。
酶解反应后，豌豆蛋白肽的DPPH清除率、.OH清除率、O2 .-清除率分别为99.1%、97.6%、78.2%。
实施例2
每百克糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品中营养成分如下：蛋白25g、脂肪11g、碳水化合物68g、维生素A 185.6μg、维生素D 5μg、维生素E 25mg、维生素K1 19μg、维生素B1 0.49mg、维生素B2 0.366mg、维生素B6 0.455mg、维生素B12 0.6μg、烟酸0.9mg、叶酸98μg、泛酸20.7mg、维生素C 6.7mg、生物素80μg、钠55mg、钾116mg、铜200μg、镁73.2mg、铁6.02mg、锌1.42mg、锰124.5μg、钙59mg、磷170mg、碘35.5μg、硒17.4μg、铬79.9μg、柿果多酚240mg。
营养成分配比为：豌豆肽17g、乳清蛋白8g、花生油5g、紫苏油6g、果糖30g、豌豆膳食纤维18g、赤藓糖醇5g、豌豆抗性淀粉15g、棕榈酸视黄酯192μg、维生素D2 5μg、D-α-醋酸生育三烯酚100mg、维生素K1 19μg、硝酸硫胺素490μg、核黄素366μg、盐酸吡哆醇455μg、氰钴胺0.6μg、烟酸900μg、叶酸98μg、D-泛酸钙23mg、L-抗坏血酸6.7mg、D-生物素80μg、氯化钠140mg、柠檬酸钾10mg、硫酸铜500μg、氧化镁122mg、乳酸亚铁31mg、葡萄糖酸锌10mg、硫酸锰500μg、磷酸二氢钙250mg、磷酸二氢钾456mg、碘酸钾60μg、***钠38μg、氯化铬410μg，柿果多酚240mg。
将豌豆肽、乳清蛋白、果糖、豌豆膳食纤维、赤藓糖醇、豌豆抗性淀粉、棕榈酸视黄酯、维生素D2、D-α-醋酸生育三烯酚、维生素K1、硝酸硫胺素、核黄素、盐酸吡哆醇、氰钴胺、烟酸、叶酸、D-泛酸钙、L-抗坏血酸、D-生物素、氯化钠、柠檬酸钾、硫酸铜、氧化镁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄糖锌、硫酸锰、磷酸二氢钙、磷酸二氢钾、碘酸钾、***钠、氯化铬，柿果多酚，于425W灭菌器中灭菌120s；灭菌后，平均分成5份，形成功能袋；
将花生油、紫苏油于425W灭菌器中灭菌120s；灭菌后，平均分成5份，形成能量袋；
其中豌豆蛋白肽的制备方法为：利用中性蛋白酶酶解豌豆蛋白，酶解液经喷雾干燥得到豌豆蛋白肽。
其中，加酶量11%（酶与底物的质量比）、温度40℃、pH7、底物浓度6.9%（g/mL）；。
酶解反应后，豌豆蛋白肽的DPPH清除率、.OH清除率、O2 .-清除率分别为99.1%、97.6%、78.2%。
Claims (10)
1.一种糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品及其制备方法，其特征在于每百克包括以下营养成分：蛋白20.8g-26g、脂肪9.6g-12g、碳水化合物62.5g-72.9g、维生素A 166μg-952μg、维生素D 3.4μg-13μg、维生素E 3.6mg-33mg、维生素K1 18.6μg-185μg、维生素B1 0.4mg-1.1mg、维生素B2 0.35mg-3.5mg、维生素B6 0.35mg-1.29mg、维生素B12 0.53μg-5.3μg、烟酸0.89mg-8.9mg、叶酸94μg-938μg、泛酸1.24mg-25mg、维生素C 2.3mg-7mg、生物素8.85μg-88.5μg、钠54mg-67mg、钾75mg-120mg、铜195μg-300μg、镁70mg-105mg、铁3.54mg-25mg、锌1.07mg-2.5mg、锰106μg-190μg、钙53mg-60mg、磷169mg-204mg、碘28μg-50μg、硒14μg-80μg、铬75μg-90μg、柿果多酚100mg-240mg。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品及其制备方法，其特征在于：
蛋白为豌豆蛋白或豌豆肽、乳清蛋白；
脂肪为食用植物油的一种或几种的组合；
碳水化合物为果糖、赤藓糖醇、豌豆膳食纤维、豌豆抗性淀粉、麦芽糊精、羟丙基淀粉或任何中华人民共和国国家食品药品监督管理总局批准的碳水化合物的或膳食纤维或抗性淀粉的几种组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品及其制备方法，其特征在于：
维生素A添加形式为醋酸视黄酯、棕榈酸视黄酯、β-胡萝卜素中的一种或多种混合；
维生素D添加形式为维生素D2、维生素D3中的一种或多种混合；
维生素E的添加形式为D-α-生育三烯酚、D-α-醋酸生育三烯酚、D-α-琥珀酸生育三烯酚、dl-α-醋酸生育三烯酚、dl-α-生育三烯酚、维生素E琥珀酸钙中的一种或多种混合；
维生素K1添加形式为维生素K1；
维生素B1添加形式为盐酸硫胺素、硝酸硫胺素中的一种或多种混合；
维生素B2添加形式为核黄素、核黄素5’-磷酸钠中的一种或多种混合；
维生素B6添加形式为盐酸吡哆醇；
维生素B12添加形式为氰钴胺；
烟酸的添加形式为烟酸、烟酰胺中的一种或多种混合；
叶酸的添加形式为叶酸；
泛酸的添加形式为D-泛酸钙；
维生素C的添加形式为L-抗坏血酸、L-抗坏血酸钠、L-抗坏血酸钙、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯中的一种或多种混合；
生物素的添加形式为D-生物素。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品及其制备方法，其特征在于：
钠的添加形式为氯化钠；
钾的添加形式为磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾、氯化钾、柠檬酸钾中的一种或多种混合；
铜的添加形式为硫酸铜、葡萄糖酸铜中的一种或多种混合；
镁的添加形式为碳酸镁、硫酸镁、氧化镁、氯化镁、L-苏糖酸镁中的一种或多种混合；
铁的添加形式为葡萄糖酸亚铁、富马酸亚铁、硫酸亚铁、乳酸亚铁、琥珀酸亚铁中的一种或多种混合；
锌的添加形式为硫酸锌、柠檬酸锌、柠檬酸锌（三水）、葡萄糖酸锌、氧化锌、乳酸锌中的一种或多种混合；
锰的添加形式为硫酸锰、葡萄糖酸锰中的一种或多种混合；
钙的添加形式为碳酸钙、醋酸钙、氯化钙、柠檬酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、乳酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸二氢钙、磷酸三钙（磷酸钙）、硫酸钙、L-乳酸钙、甘油磷酸钙中的一种或多种，其中以有机钙为主；
磷的添加形式为磷酸二氢钾；
所述的碘的添加形式为碘酸钾；
硒的添加形式为***钠、富硒酵母、L-硒-甲基硒代半胱氨酸中的一种或多种混合；
所述的铬的添加形式为氯化铬；
柿果多酚来自于去皮的甜柿柿果或成熟的涩柿。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述的豌豆蛋白肽制备方法为：利用中性蛋白酶酶解豌豆蛋白，酶解液经过喷雾干燥得到。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品及其制备方法，其特征在于：酶解最佳条件为加酶量11%（酶与底物的质量比）、温度40℃、pH7、底物浓度6.9%（g/mL）；酶解反应后，豌豆蛋白肽的DPPH清除率、.OH清除率、O2 .-清除率分别为99.1%、97.6%、78.2%。
7.一种权利要求1所述的一种糖尿病并发症肾病配方食品制备方法，其特征在于：以糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品质量百克计，将蛋白、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K1、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、烟酸、叶酸、泛酸、维生素C、生物素、钠5、钾、铜、镁、铁、锌、锰、钙、磷、碘、硒、铬、柿果多酚营养成分的原料灭菌后，平均分成5份，形成功能袋，最低单位剂量包的能量值等于295kJ，脂肪用量≤43g/d，碳水化合物用量≤200g/d；元素总质量为15.6-55g/包；
脂肪营养成分的原料灭菌后，平均分成5份，形成能量袋。
8.根据权利要求7所述的糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品的制备方法，其特征在于：灭菌功率为425-500W，灭菌时间为100-120s。
9.一种权利要求1所述的结肠癌营养食品的食用方法，其特征在于：
用量为：0.4袋/（kg·d），总量不超过27袋；
按照以下两种方法之一食用：
（1）用100-400mL的开水降温至45-60℃，加入功能袋和能量袋中的营养物质，搅拌、摇匀后，直接饮用或经管饲摄入；
（2）将功能袋中的营养物质添加到不含有食盐的日常饮食中食用。
10.一种权利要求1所述的糖尿病并发症肾病营养食品的销售方式，其特征在于：销售方式为不通过医院、超市或药店，直接销售给消费者。
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