CN108847530B - Triangular pyramid super-surface antenna housing with wave beam calibration function - Google Patents
Triangular pyramid super-surface antenna housing with wave beam calibration function Download PDFInfo
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- CN108847530B CN108847530B CN201810649283.0A CN201810649283A CN108847530B CN 108847530 B CN108847530 B CN 108847530B CN 201810649283 A CN201810649283 A CN 201810649283A CN 108847530 B CN108847530 B CN 108847530B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
- H01Q1/422—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising two or more layers of dielectric material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
- H01Q1/421—Means for correcting aberrations introduced by a radome
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Abstract
The invention provides a triangular pyramid super-surface radome with a beam calibration function, and aims to improve antenna gain while protecting an antenna through an electromagnetic window of a traditional radome. The antenna comprises 3 super-surface structures which are spliced into a triangular pyramid shape and used for ensuring the physical strength and mechanical bearing of an antenna housing; the super-surface structure is characterized in that a plurality of layers of isosceles right triangle dielectric slabs which are mutually stacked are adopted, metal patches are printed on the inner surfaces of odd-numbered dielectric slabs from inside to outside, cross-shaped metal patches are printed on the outer surfaces of the odd-numbered dielectric slabs, and metal patches are printed on the outer side surfaces of the even-numbered dielectric slabs. The antenna needs to be arranged on a connecting line between the vertex of the triangular pyramid and the midpoint of the bottom surface, the function of calibrating the emergent waves is achieved through calculation of the distance from the antenna to each metal patch on the inner surface of the antenna housing and the emergent phase, and the antenna gain is obviously improved. The invention can be used in the field of wireless communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, relates to a super-surface antenna housing, and particularly relates to a triangular pyramid super-surface antenna housing with a beam calibration function, which can be used in the field of wireless communication.
Technical Field
A radome is a covering made of natural or artificial dielectric material that can constitute a specially shaped electromagnetic window. The super surface is a novel artificially synthesized electromagnetic material and is composed of a substrate made of a non-metal material and a plurality of artificial microstructures printed on the surface of the substrate or embedded in the substrate.
The traditional antenna housing is required to ensure that the antenna can work stably and normally, and has the characteristics of wind and sand prevention, high temperature resistance, high-efficiency wave transmission and the like. However, as the technology develops, it is desired to provide more functions to the antenna housing, such as a beam calibration function for the antenna. The wave number calibration is to realize the preset wave number orientation by regulating and controlling the phase and other information of the emergent wave. To implement the wave number calibration function, a super-surface radome is proposed, such as the patent application with application publication No. CN103296410A entitled "high-gain radome and antenna system", which discloses a super-surface radome that employs a multi-layer super-surface structure, each super-surface structure including a substrate and a plurality of artificial microstructure arrays arranged on the substrate. The relative dielectric constant, the refractive index and the impedance of the material are changed by adjusting the shape and the size of the artificial microstructure, so that the high wave-transmitting rate can be kept, the antenna gain is improved, and the beam calibration function is realized. However, the antenna housing provided by the antenna housing is of a planar structure, the interaction between the conformal structure of the antenna housing and electromagnetic waves is not considered, and the antenna housing of the planar structure does not realize the physical protection effect on the antenna, so that the antenna housing does not have the real practicability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a triangular pyramid super-surface radome with a beam calibration function, and aims to protect an antenna and improve antenna gain while realizing the function of an electromagnetic window of the traditional radome.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises three super-surface structures 1 which are spliced to form a hollow triangular pyramid structure; the super-surface structure 1 comprises N layers of medium plates 11 which are mutually laminated and take the shape of an isosceles right triangle, wherein N is more than or equal to 2 and is an even number; m metal patches 12 which are periodically arranged are printed on the inner side surface of the odd-numbered dielectric slab from inside to outside in the triangular pyramid structure, M is more than or equal to 10, rectangular gaps 13 are etched on the metal patches 12, and M cross-shaped metal patches 14 which are periodically arranged are printed on the outer side surface; m metal patches 12 which are periodically arranged are printed on the outer side surface of the even-numbered dielectric slab, and rectangular gaps 13 are etched in the metal patches 12; any one side of the rectangular gap 13 and any one arm of the cross-shaped metal patch 14 are parallel to one right-angle side of the dielectric plate 11; the centers of the rectangular gap 13 and the cross-shaped metal patch 14 on the odd-numbered dielectric slab and the center of the rectangular gap 13 at the corresponding position on the even-numbered dielectric slab are positioned on the normal of the dielectric slab; the size of the rectangular gap 13 on the innermost dielectric plate of the triangular pyramid structure is determined by the electromagnetic wave incident angle and the scattering parameter phase at the position, and the rectangular gaps 13 on the other dielectric plates at the corresponding positions with the innermost dielectric plate have the same size and are used for realizing the phase compensation of the electromagnetic waves.
The triangular pyramid super-surface radome with the beam calibration function comprises: the rectangular gap 13 adopts an annular structure; the center of the antenna is arranged on the straight line of the connecting line of the vertex of the triangular pyramid and the midpoint of the triangle at the bottom surface of the triangular pyramid; phase compensation of innermost rectangular slot 13
Is realized by adjusting the rectangular gap Dx, and the phase compensation thereof
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein k is0Is the wave number in free space, riThe distance from the center of the antenna to the center of the ith rectangular slot 13; (x)i,yi) Two right-angle sides of a medium plate 11 of an inner-layer isosceles right triangle are taken as axes to establish a position coordinate of the center of an ith rectangular gap 13 under an xoy plane,
the plane wave direction is emitted from the outer side of the super-surface structure 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, a hollow triangular pyramid structure formed by splicing three super-surface structures is adopted, the super-surface structures are formed by mutually laminating a plurality of layers of dielectric plates, rectangular gaps etched on odd-number layers of dielectric plates, cross-shaped metal patches printed on the odd-number layers of dielectric plates and rectangular gaps etched on even-number layers of dielectric plates can realize outgoing wave phase control, compared with the prior art, the high wave transmittance of the antenna housing is ensured, meanwhile, the calibration characteristic of the large-angle oblique incident wave number of the antenna is realized, and the antenna gain is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a metal patch and a rectangular slot of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a cross-shaped metal patch of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the size of the rectangular slot structure on the emergent phase and wave permeability;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the effect of loading a super-surface radome on the spherical wave antenna gain in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a result graph of calibration of a spherical wave antenna beam by a super-surface-loaded radome in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises three super-surface structures 1 which are spliced to form a hollow triangular pyramid structure.
The super-surface structure 1 is formed by 6 layers of medium plates 11 which are mutually stacked and are shaped like isosceles right triangles. The medium plate is made of FR4 material and has a thickness of 0.5 mm. 210 metal patches 12 which are periodically arranged are printed on the inner side surface of the odd-numbered dielectric slab from inside to outside in the triangular pyramid structure, and 210 cross-shaped metal patches 14 which are periodically arranged are printed on the outer side surface; 210 metal patches 12 which are periodically arranged are printed on the outer side surface of the even-numbered dielectric slab, and rectangular gaps 13 are etched in the metal patches 12; the waist length of the isosceles right triangle medium plate 11 is 100.8 mm; any one side of the rectangular gap 13 and any one arm of the cross-shaped metal patch 14 are parallel to one right-angle side of the dielectric plate 11; the centers of the rectangular gap 13 and the cross-shaped metal patch 14 on the odd-numbered dielectric slab and the center of the rectangular gap 13 at the corresponding position on the even-numbered dielectric slab are positioned on the normal of the dielectric slab; the size of the rectangular gap 13 on the innermost dielectric plate of the triangular pyramid structure is determined by the electromagnetic wave incident angle and the scattering parameter phase at the position, and the rectangular gaps 13 on the other dielectric plates at the corresponding positions with the innermost dielectric plate have the same size and are used for realizing the phase compensation of the electromagnetic waves.
Referring to fig. 2, the metal patch 12 has a square structure with a side length W of 4.8 mm; the rectangular gap 13 is of a rectangular gap structure with the length of Dy being 4.6mm, the width of Dx being 2.6-4.6mm and adjustable, and the gap G being 0.16 mm; the cross-shaped metal patch 14 has a single arm with a length W of 4.8mm and a width Wf of 0.2 mm. By adjusting the width of the rectangular slit 13 and the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave, the phase distribution and transmittance of the transmitted wave after being transmitted through the rectangular slits 13 with different sizes can be obtained under different incident angles, and the specific result is shown in fig. 4.
Setting the center of a spherical wave antenna at the triangular midpoint of the bottom surface of a triangular pyramid, testing the antenna gain after loading the super-surface radome, and referring to the result of FIG. 5, the abscissa represents theta0And the ordinate represents the gain of the antenna. The dotted line represents the spherical wave antenna gain, and the solid line represents the antenna gain after the radome is loaded.
Assuming that the dielectric plate 11 at the innermost layer of the radome is an isosceles right triangle located in the xoy plane, and the position coordinate of the center of the ith rectangular slot 13 in the xoy plane is (x)i,yi) Then the phase compensation value
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein k is0Is the wave number in free space, riThe distance from the center of the antenna to the center of the ith rectangular slot 13;
the plane wave direction is emitted from the outer side of the super-surface structure 1; theta0And
respectively the included angles between the outgoing direction of the plane wave and the z axis and the x axis. Further, k in the formula0riThe phase value required to be compensated is represented by converting spherical waves emitted from the center of the antenna into plane waves emitted out of the surface of the symmetrical metal ring unit; the second part
Indicates given
The plane waves in the direction require a further compensated phase.
Is provided with
Calculating the phase compensation value of each metal patch 12 by combining with a formula, and referring to fig. 6, the abscissa represents θ0And the ordinate represents the gain of the antenna.
The technical effects of the present invention will be further explained by simulation experiments.
1. Simulation conditions and content
The following simulation experiments based on the embodiment of the invention are all completed by using Ansoft HFSS full-wave simulation software.
Simulation 1, simulation is performed on the condition that the emergent phase and the wave-transmitting rate of the embodiment of the invention change with Dx in the rectangular gap 13 at the frequency of 15GHz, and the simulation result is shown in fig. 4.
Simulation 2, the radiation gains of the spherical wave antenna and the spherical wave antenna loaded with the super-surface radome are simulated and compared under the frequency of 15GHz, and the simulation result is shown in fig. 5.
Simulation 3, which is a simulation of the embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 15GHz, shows the simulation result as shown in fig. 6.
2. Simulation results and analysis
Referring to fig. 4, by specifically studying the change of the wave-transparent characteristic and the phase shift of the cell with the cell parameter variable gap square ring peripheral width Dx, the transmittance of the cell is accompanied by the change curve of Dx at the frequency of 15GHz, and it can be seen that the cell parameter Dx is from 2.8 mm to 4.6mm, and the corresponding phase change span approaches to 2 pi while the overall wave-transparent efficiency is determined to be maintained above 80%. The enough adjustable phase range is provided on the premise of ensuring the wave-transparent characteristic of the whole unit.
Referring to fig. 5, the radiation gain pattern before and after adding the triangular pyramid radome based on the new super-surface unit for 15GHz is compared, and it can be seen that before the solid line is loaded, after the corresponding dotted line is loaded
Although the side lobe of the main lobe beam is still slightly higher, the main lobe gain is much lower, the main beam gain is 15.6dBi, and the gain is increased by about 8.71dBi relative to the gain of 6.89dBi without the super-surface radome, which indicates that the beam convergence effect is very obvious.
Referring to fig. 6, after the triangular pyramid radome of the embodiment of the invention is loaded with the super surface, the radiation characteristic becomes good, the directivity in the space is high, and the maximum gain in the antenna radiation direction reaches 14 dBi.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the innovative concept of the present invention, but these changes are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a triangular pyramid has super surperficial antenna house of wave beam calibration function which characterized in that: the antenna housing is formed by splicing three super-surface structures (1) to form a hollow triangular pyramid structure; the super-surface structure (1) comprises N layers of medium plates (11) which are mutually stacked and are shaped like isosceles right triangles, wherein N is more than or equal to 2 and is an even number; m metal patches (12) which are periodically arranged are printed on the inner side surface of the odd-numbered dielectric slab from inside to outside in the triangular pyramid structure, M is more than or equal to 10, rectangular gaps (13) are etched on the metal patches (12), and M cross-shaped metal patches (14) which are periodically arranged are printed on the outer side surface; m metal patches (12) which are periodically arranged are printed on the outer side surface of the even-numbered dielectric slab, and rectangular gaps (13) are etched in the metal patches (12); any one side of the rectangular gap (13) and any one arm of the cross-shaped metal patch (14) are parallel to one right-angle side of the dielectric plate (11); the centers of the rectangular gap (13) and the cross-shaped metal patch (14) on the odd-layer dielectric slab and the center of the rectangular gap (13) at the corresponding position on the even-layer dielectric slab are positioned on the normal of the dielectric slab; the rectangular gap (13) adopts an annular structure; setting the center of the antenna at the triangular pyramidThe body vertex and the triangular midpoint connecting line of the bottom surface of the triangular pyramid are on the straight line; phase compensation of innermost rectangular slot (13)
The phase compensation is realized by adjusting the rectangular gap Dx, and the rectangular gaps (13) on the other dielectric slabs at the corresponding positions with the innermost dielectric slab have the same size and are used for realizing the phase compensation of the electromagnetic waves, wherein the phase compensation
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein k is0Is the wave number in free space, riThe distance from the center of the antenna to the center of the ith rectangular slot (13); (x)i,yi) Two right-angle sides of a medium plate (11) of an inner-layer isosceles right triangle are taken as axes to establish a position coordinate of the center of the ith rectangular gap (13) under the xoy plane,
the plane wave direction is emitted from the outer side of the super-surface structure (1).
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| CN201810649283.0A CN108847530B (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2018-06-22 | Triangular pyramid super-surface antenna housing with wave beam calibration function |
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| CN201810649283.0A CN108847530B (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2018-06-22 | Triangular pyramid super-surface antenna housing with wave beam calibration function |
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| CN108847530A CN108847530A (en) | 2018-11-20 |
| CN108847530B true CN108847530B (en) | 2020-08-25 |
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| CN109687157B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-03-23 | 西安电子科技大学 | Super surface capable of controlling wave absorption and polarization conversion functions based on electric field triggering |
| CN112490658B (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-03-29 | 曲阜师范大学 | Curved surface conformal frequency selective surface antenna housing |
| WO2022100817A1 (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2022-05-19 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Antenna apparatus with three-dimensional metallic metasurface superstrate structure |
| WO2022147775A1 (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna apparatus and base station |
| CN113285230A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-20 | 天津大学 | Reflective super surface for millimeter wave MIMO and space power synthesis |
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| JP4291254B2 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2009-07-08 | 富士通株式会社 | Corner reflector |
| TWI420738B (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2013-12-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Dual polarization antenna structure, radome and design method thereof |
| US8890765B1 (en) * | 2012-04-21 | 2014-11-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Antenna having an active radome |
| JP2014016233A (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2014-01-30 | Toshiba Corp | Flying object |
| CN103579772A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-12 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Metamaterial plate and metamaterial antenna housing and antenna system made of metamaterial plate |
| CN105098349B (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2018-12-21 | 武汉市灵动时代智能技术有限公司 | A kind of Ku wave band intelligence Meta Materials wide-angle wave transparent frequency selects antenna house |
| CN105826676B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-08-14 | 北京环境特性研究所 | The active high wave transparent metamaterial structure of one kind and antenna house |
| CN106911007B (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2019-04-23 | 西安电子科技大学 | Multi-layer metamaterial surface texture for multi-band frequency selection wave transparent angle |
| CN206834308U (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-01-02 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Meta Materials filter structure, antenna house and antenna system |
| CN107240778B (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2020-05-12 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Metamaterial antenna housing |
| CN107579353B (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2020-10-09 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-directivity columnar convex surface conformal reflector antenna based on super surface |
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