CN108840402B - Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2Electrode and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2Electrode and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/34—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C02F2101/345—Phenols
Abstract
The invention relates to Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2The electrode and the preparation method and the application thereof are as follows: s1: pretreating the porous titanium substrate to remove surface oil stains and an oxidation film; s2: mixing resorcinol, formaldehyde and water, stirring uniformly, and adding NaMnO4Wait for NaMnO4Dissolving and then continuously stirring to obtain a mixed solution; s3: pouring the porous titanium substrate treated by the S1 and the mixed solution obtained by the S2 into a mold, and adjusting the pH value of the solution; s4: placing the die in S3 in a constant temperature water bath kettle, standing for gelation, aging in the constant temperature water bath kettle, and removing the die to obtain Ti/phenolic resin/MnO2Wet gel; s5: mixing Ti/phenolic resin/MnO obtained from S42Soaking the wet gel in an organic solvent with small surface tension, drying to obtain dry aerogel, carbonizing the dry aerogel in an inert atmosphere, and cooling to obtain the Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2And an electrode. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple, and the prepared electrode has long service life, is environment-friendly and pollution-free.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to electrocatalytic oxygenThe technical field of chemical engineering, in particular to Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2An electrode, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Electrochemical oxidation is widely applied to organic wastewater treatment, has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, good degradation effect, convenient use and the like, and becomes one of the methods for efficiently treating refractory organic matters in the environmental field.
The performance of electrocatalytic anodes is one of the key factors affecting the efficiency of electrooxidation, and in recent years researchers have used various anode materials, such as platinum electrodes, titanium-based oxide electrodes (Ti/Sn-SbO)2、Ti/PbO2、Ti/MnO2) Rare earth doped oxide electrodes, carbon fiber electrodes, boron doped diamond electrodes (BDD), and the like. Wherein, Ti/MnO2Is one of the most promising electrodes for large-scale application at present, mainly due to MnO2The reserves are rich, the price is low, and the environmental pollution is small; furthermore, manganese has a special electronic arrangement (3 d)54s2) Its oxide is in non-equilibrium state with high energy and high electrochemical activity. At present, Ti/MnO2The electrode is typically prepared by coating or electrodepositing a manganese-containing compound (Mn (NO)3)2、MnCl2Etc.) directly with MnO2Supported on a titanium substrate, but Ti/MnO prepared by this process2Oxygen atoms are liable to diffuse to the titanium substrate during electrolysis, resulting in MnO2Forming a nonconductive film between the Ti substrate and the MnO layer2Cracks and falls off to cause Ti/MnO2The service life is short. The use of tin-antimony oxide (SbO) has been studied for the above problemsx+SnO2) As an intermediate layer (Yan-Hua Shi, et al. Effect of SbO)x+SnO2 Intermediate Layer on the Properties of Ti-based MnO2 Anode[J]Acta Physico-ChimicaSinca, 2007, 23(10): 1553-x+SnO2The preparation of the intermediate layer requires repeated coating-drying-calcining, the preparation process is complicated, and simultaneously SbOx+SnO2The loss of the intermediate layer also causes secondary pollution. Accordingly, the prior art is yet to be improved and developed.
The carbon aerogel is a nano carbon material with a three-dimensional network structure and has a high specific surface area (up to 600-1100 m)2The specific surface area is as high as 80-98 percent, and the specific surface area is high as 100S/m. Therefore, the carbon aerogel can be used as a carrier, an electrode material and an adsorbent in the fields of supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries and environmental protection. With respect to carbon aerogel/MnO2The preparation of the electrode is less reported, and the carbon aerogel/MnO can be searched at present2Chinese patent CN200810028173 discloses a nano-filamentous manganese dioxide loaded carbon aerogel and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein manganese dioxide is directly loaded on carbon aerogel particles to prepare filamentous carbon aerogel/MnO2Nanoparticles, and the nanoparticles are applied to three-dimensional electrodes and super capacitors to serve as electrode fillers and current collecting active substances. In the method, the prepared carbon aerogel is easy to collapse due to ex-situ preparation and no template support. Obviously, the method can only be used for preparing nano particles, and cannot be directly used for preparing large-size anode plates.
Therefore, there is a need to develop an environmentally friendly Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO with long service life and simple preparation method2An electrode and a method for preparing the same.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2The preparation method of the electrode is simple, and the prepared electrode is long in service life, environment-friendly and pollution-free.
Another object of the present invention is a Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO prepared by the above method2And an electrode.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the above Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2The electrode is used as an efficient anode in degrading organic matters in wastewater.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2A method of making an electrode, the method comprising:
s1: pretreating the porous titanium substrate to remove surface oil stains and an oxidation film;
s2: mixing resorcinol, formaldehyde and water in a ratio of 1-1.1: 2-2.4: mixing and uniformly stirring the mixture according to the molar ratio of 18-30, and then adding NaMnO4Wait for NaMnO4Dissolving and then continuously stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
s3: pouring the porous titanium substrate treated by the S1 and the mixed solution obtained by the S2 into a mold, and adjusting the pH of the solution to 7.0-7.5;
s4: placing the die of S3 in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 30-60 ℃ for standing for 24-48 h for gelation, then aging in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 80-95 ℃ for 48-96 h, and removing the die to obtain Ti/phenolic resin/MnO2Wet gel;
s5: mixing Ti/phenolic resin/MnO obtained from S42Soaking the wet gel in an organic solvent with small surface tension, drying to obtain dry aerogel, carbonizing the dry aerogel in an inert atmosphere, and cooling to obtain the Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2An electrode;
wherein in S1, the porous titanium substrate has a pore diameter of 0.5-20 μm and a porosity of 40-85%.
In the invention, the porosity and aperture of the porous titanium substrate and the prepared Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2The electrode quality is closely related. Too large a pore diameter: (>20 μm) and porosity: (>85%) will greatly reduce the supporting effect of the titanium matrix on the aerogel, and the pore structure of the aerogel is easy to collapse; too small a pore diameter: (<0.5 μm) and porosity: (<40%) can greatly reduce the permeability of the prepared electrode, reduce the removing effect of pollutants and prolong the service life of the electrode. After numerous experiments, the inventor finds that the prepared Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO is only obtained when the pore diameter of the porous titanium substrate is 0.5-20 mu m and the porosity is 40-85 percent2The permeability of the electrode is best. The carbon aerogel with the three-dimensional network structure prepared by the invention is firmly combined with the Ti substrate, and MnO is prevented2And a non-conductive hydrate film is generated between the Ti substrate, the service life is long, and the carbon aerogel has good conductivity.
The invention uses porous titanium base material as a supporting template, carbon aerogel as a carrier and NaMnO4Easy decomposition during heating, skillfully solves the problem of MnO2The problem that the microporous structure of the carbon aerogel is easy to collapse when the carbon aerogel is deposited is solved, and MnO on the electrode is prepared2The distribution is uniform, and the microporous structure of the carbon aerogel is well maintained. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple, environment-friendly and pollution-free, and the prepared Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO is2The electrode has long service life.
Preferably, in S1, the porous titanium substrate has a pore diameter of 1 to 10 μm and a porosity of 60 to 75%.
Preferably, in S1, the thickness of the porous titanium substrate is 4-12 mm. In the present invention, the mold is of a thickness and size consistent with that of the titanium substrate.
Preferably, in S2, the molar ratio of resorcinol, formaldehyde and water is 1:2: 25.
preferably, in S2, the NaMnO4The addition amount of (B) is 5-40% of the total mass of the mixed solution.
Preferably, in S4, the temperature for gelation is 45 ℃, and the standing time is 24 h; the aging time was 96 h.
Preferably, in S5, the temperature raising procedure for carbonization is: the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, the temperature is raised to 790-820 ℃, and the holding time is 2-3 h.
Preferably, in S1, the preprocessing is: and (3) placing the porous titanium substrate in 10% NaOH solution at 80 ℃ for alkali washing for 20 min to remove surface oil stains, then placing the porous titanium substrate in 5% oxalic acid solution at 88 ℃ for acid washing, removing an oxide film, and then performing ultrasonic treatment with deionized water for 10 min.
Preferably, in S5, the organic solvent is replaced every 12 hours, the operation is repeated for four days, the drying is carried out in the air for 3 days, and the moisture in the wet gel is completely removed to obtain the porous titanium skeleton loaded MnO2Dry aerogels having a network structure.
Preferably, in S5, the organic solvent with low surface tension is ethanol, acetone or n-hexane.
The invention also protects the Ti/carbon aerogel prepared by the preparation methodglue/MnO2And an electrode.
The above Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2The application of the electrode as a high-efficiency anode in degrading organic matters in wastewater is also within the protection scope of the invention. Subjecting the Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2The method is applied to the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants which are difficult to degrade, such as bisphenol A, acetaminophen and the like in water. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
with said Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2The electrode is an anode, the copper or stainless steel substrate is a cathode, and 0.1M Na is added2SO4As a supporting electrolyte, a constant current mode is adopted, and the current density is 2-30 mA/cm2The distance between the polar plates is 5-25 mm, and organic pollutants in water are degraded through electrooxidation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the preparation method provided by the invention is simple in preparation process, and repeated coating-drying-calcining procedures in the existing report of preparing the tin-antimony interlayer are not needed. Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO prepared by the invention2Stable electrode performance, ratio Ti/MnO2The electrode has longer service life, the electro-oxidation degradation rate of 10-1000 mg/L bisphenol A can reach more than 98% in 60min, and the efficient purification of organic wastewater can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a comparison of the test life of the electrodes prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1.
FIG. 2 is a Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO prepared in example 1 of the present invention2The effect of the electrooxidation degradation of bisphenol A is shown.
FIG. 3 is a Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO prepared in example 1 of the present invention2Ti/SnO prepared from comparative example 12–Sb/MnO2Comparative effect graph of electrode degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples and drawings, which are not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
Example 1
Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2The preparation method of the electrode comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a porous titanium substrate with the aperture of 1 mu m, the porosity of 60%, the thickness of 5 mm and the side length of 3cm and 5cm in a 10% NaOH solution at 80 ℃ for alkali washing for 20 min, removing oil stains on the surface, placing the substrate in an oxalic acid solution at 5% at 88 ℃ for acid washing, removing an oxide film, and then performing ultrasonic treatment with deionized water for 10 min;
(2) mixing m-diphenol, formaldehyde and water at a molar ratio of 1:2:25, stirring with a magnetic stirrer at 350 rpm/min for 15 min to mix the solution, and NaMnO4The adding amount is 6 percent of the total mass of the mixed solution, and the NaMnO content is4After complete dissolution, stirring for 20 min;
(3) pouring the porous titanium substrate pretreated in the step (1) and the mixed solution prepared in the step (2) into an organic mold with the volume of 3cm multiplied by 5 mm, and dropwise adding Na with the mass fraction of 10%2CO3An aqueous solution, such that the pH of the solution is 7.0;
(4) then, the organic mould in the step (3) is placed in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 45 ℃ and stands for 24 hours for gelation, and the constant-temperature water bath kettle at 85 ℃ is aged for 96 hours, and simultaneously NaMnO is added4Heated to generate self-decomposition reaction to generate MnO2Removing the organic mould to obtain Ti/phenolic resin/MnO2Wet gel;
(5) the Ti/phenolic resin/MnO obtained in the step (4) is added2Soaking the wet gel in 35 deg.C acetone solution, replacing acetone every 12 hr, repeating for 4 days, and drying in air for 3 days to obtain dry block aerogel; then the prepared dry gel is put into a tube furnace for carbonization and is treated by N2Under the protection of gas atmosphere, carrying out temperature programming at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min to 800 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling to obtain Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2。
Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO obtained in this example2Simple preparation process and stable electrode performanceThe test life of the catalyst exceeds 650h and is obviously longer than that of Ti/SnO prepared in comparative example 12–Sb/MnO2(FIG. 1), this may be due to MnO2The particle dispersibility is good, the binding property of the carbon aerogel and the substrate is firm, and the service life of the electrode is prolonged.
Example 2
Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2The preparation method of the electrode comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a porous titanium substrate with the aperture of 15 mu m, the porosity of 80%, the thickness of 5 mm and the side length of 3cm and 5cm in a 10% NaOH solution at 80 ℃ for alkali washing for 20 min, removing oil stains on the surface, placing the substrate in an oxalic acid solution at 5% at 88 ℃ for acid washing, removing an oxide film, and then performing ultrasonic treatment with deionized water for 10 min;
(2) mixing m-diphenol, formaldehyde and water at a molar ratio of 1.1:2.4:18, stirring with a magnetic stirrer at 350 rpm/min for 15 min to mix the solution, and adding NaMnO4The adding amount is 20 percent of the total mass of the mixed solution, and the NaMnO content is4After complete dissolution, stirring for 20 min;
(3) pouring the porous titanium substrate pretreated in the step (1) and the mixed solution prepared in the step (2) into an organic mold with the volume of 3cm multiplied by 5 mm, and dropwise adding a NaOH aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 10% to ensure that the pH value of the solution is 7.5;
(4) then, the organic mould in the step (3) is placed in a constant temperature water bath kettle at 30 ℃ for standing for 48 hours for gelation, and in a constant temperature water bath kettle at 95 ℃ for aging for 48 hours, and at the same time, NaMnO is added4Heated to generate self-decomposition reaction to generate MnO2Removing the organic mould to obtain Ti/phenolic resin/MnO2Wet gel;
(5) the Ti/phenolic resin/MnO obtained in the step (4) is added2Soaking the wet gel in 35 deg.C ethanol solution, replacing ethanol every 12 hr, repeating for 4 days, and drying in air for 3 days to obtain dry block aerogel; then the prepared dry gel is put into a tube furnace for carbonization and is treated by N2Under the protection of gas atmosphere, carrying out temperature programming at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min to 800 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling to obtain Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2。
Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO obtained in this example2The preparation process is simple, the electrode performance is stable, the test life is 450h and is slightly shorter than that of the example 1, mainly because the pore size of the porous titanium substrate used in the example is much larger than that of the example 1, the supporting effect of the porous titanium on the carbon aerogel is weakened, but the service life is obviously longer than that of Ti/SnO prepared in the comparative example 12–Sb/MnO2(FIG. 1).
Example 3
Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2The preparation method of the electrode comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a porous titanium substrate with the aperture of 0.5 mu m, the porosity of 40 percent, the thickness of 5 mm and the side length of 3cm and 5cm in 10 percent NaOH solution at 80 ℃ for alkali washing for 20 min, removing surface oil stains, placing the substrate in 5 percent oxalic acid solution at 88 ℃ for acid washing, removing an oxidation film, and then performing ultrasonic treatment with deionized water for 10 min;
(2) mixing m-diphenol, formaldehyde and water at a molar ratio of 1:2.4:30, stirring with a magnetic stirrer at 350 rpm/min for 15 min to mix the solution, and adding NaMnO4The adding amount is 40 percent of the total mass of the mixed solution, and the NaMnO content is4After complete dissolution, stirring for 20 min;
(3) pouring the porous titanium substrate pretreated in the step (1) and the mixed solution prepared in the step (2) into an organic mold with the volume of 3cm multiplied by 5 mm, and dropwise adding Na with the mass fraction of 10%2CO3An aqueous solution, such that the pH of the solution is 7.3;
(4) then, the organic mould in the step (3) is placed into a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 60 ℃ to stand for 24 hours for gelation, and is aged in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 80 ℃ for 96 hours, and simultaneously NaMnO is added4Heated to generate self-decomposition reaction to generate MnO2Removing the organic mould to obtain Ti/phenolic resin/MnO2Wet gel;
(5) the Ti/phenolic resin/MnO obtained in the step (4) is added2Soaking the wet gel in 35 deg.C n-hexane solution, changing n-hexane every 12 hr, repeating for 4 days, and drying in air for 3 days to obtain block dry aerogel; then the dry gel is put into a tube furnaceMedium carbonization in N2Under the protection of gas atmosphere, carrying out temperature programming at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min to 820 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling to obtain Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2。
Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO obtained in this example2The preparation process is simple, the electrode performance is stable, the test life is 550h, and the life is obviously longer than that of the Ti/SnO prepared in the comparative example 12–Sb/MnO2(FIG. 1).
Application example 1 Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2Electrode for degrading bisphenol A self-prepared wastewater
The Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO prepared in example 1 was added2The electrode is used for degrading bisphenol A self-prepared wastewater, and the degradation method comprises the following steps:
preparing bisphenol A containing 200 g/L and 0.1M Na2SO4Solution of Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2The electrode is an anode, the stainless steel substrate is a cathode, a constant current mode is adopted, and the current density is 15mA/cm2The distance between the polar plates is 20 mm, and the chromatographic analysis result shows that the removal rate of the bisphenol A reaches more than 99 percent after 60 min.
To ensure comparability of the experimental results of the examples, this example also compares Ti/MnO prepared by conventional coating methods2The manganese source used is Mn (NO)3)2The other experimental conditions were the same, and the results are shown in FIG. 2. The invention provides Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2The effect of electrode degradation bisphenol A is obviously higher than that of common Ti/MnO2The rate constant of the former is 11.6 times that of the latter.
Application example 2 Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2The electrode is used for degrading printing and dyeing wastewater containing rhodamine B
The Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO prepared in example 1 was added2The electrode is used for degrading printing and dyeing wastewater containing rhodamine B, and the degradation method is the same as the application example 1. After 35 min, the printing and dyeing wastewater containing rhodamine B is completely degraded, and the total organic carbon removal rate is 60%.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is derived from literature reports (Lin H, Niu J, Ding S, et) al. Electrochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by Ti/SnO2–Sb, Ti/SnO2–Sb/PbO2and Ti/SnO2–Sb/MnO2 anodes[J]. Water research, 2012, 46(7): 2281-2289.）。
The report uses a sol-gel method with 18 repetitive applications of SnCl4、SbCl3Preparing Ti/SnO with intermediate layer2–Sb/MnO2Anode to increase its service life, the removal rate of PFOA by electrolysis for 90 min is only 31.7%. The Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO prepared in example 1 of the present invention2The removal rate of PFOA by the anode can reach 99.5 percent in 90 min, the removal efficiency is obviously higher than that of the comparative example, and the service life ratio of the electrode is Ti/SnO2–Sb/MnO2Greatly improved (as shown in figure 3).
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2A method for preparing an electrode, characterized in that the method comprises:
s1: pretreating the porous titanium substrate to remove surface oil stains and an oxidation film;
s2: mixing resorcinol, formaldehyde and water in a ratio of 1-1.1: 2-2.4: mixing and uniformly stirring the mixture according to the molar ratio of 18-30, and then adding NaMnO4Wait for NaMnO4Dissolving and then continuously stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
s3: pouring the porous titanium substrate treated by the S1 and the mixed solution obtained by the S2 into a mold, and adjusting the pH of the solution to 7.0-7.5;
s4: placing the mold of S3 in a constant temperature water bath kettle at 30-60 ℃ for standing for 24-48 h for gelation, then aging in a constant temperature water bath kettle at 80-95 ℃ for 48-96 h, and removing the moldTo obtain Ti/phenolic resin/MnO2Wet gel;
s5: mixing Ti/phenolic resin/MnO obtained from S42Soaking the wet gel in an organic solvent with small surface tension, drying to obtain dry aerogel, carbonizing the dry aerogel in an inert atmosphere, and cooling to obtain the Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO2An electrode;
wherein in S1, the porous titanium substrate has a pore diameter of 0.5-20 μm and a porosity of 40-85%.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the porous titanium substrate has a pore size of 1 to 10 μm and a porosity of 60 to 75%.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the porous titanium substrate has a thickness of 4 to 12 mm.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the resorcinol, the formaldehyde and the water in S2 is 1:2: 25.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the NaMnO is4The addition amount of (B) is 5-40% of the total mass of the mixed solution.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the temperature of gelation is 45 ℃ and the standing time is 24 hours; the aging time was 96 h.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S5, the temperature raising procedure for carbonization is as follows: the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, the temperature is raised to 790-820 ℃, and the holding time is 2-3 h.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the pretreatment is: and (3) placing the porous titanium substrate in 10% NaOH solution at 80 ℃ for alkali washing for 20 min to remove surface oil stains, then placing the porous titanium substrate in 5% oxalic acid solution at 88 ℃ for acid washing to remove an oxide film, and then performing ultrasonic treatment with deionized water for 10 min.
9. Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 82And an electrode.
10. The Ti/carbon aerogel/MnO of claim 92The electrode is used as an efficient anode in degrading organic matters in wastewater.
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