CN108834763B - Pretreatment method of pine sawdust as edible fungus cultivation material - Google Patents
Pretreatment method of pine sawdust as edible fungus cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pretreatment method of pine sawdust as an edible fungus cultivation material. Pine sawdust and soybean meal are added to adjust the C/N ratio to 25-35, pine sawdust and cake meal are taken as references, 1-5% of straw (mass fraction) is added to adjust the porosity, bamboo vinegar is added to adjust the pH value to 6.5-7.5, 1-5% of microbial inoculum (mass fraction) is inoculated, water is added to adjust the water content to 50-60%, aerobic composting fermentation is started, the temperature is increased to 50 ℃ in 3 days, the temperature is increased to 70 ℃ in 8 days, the high temperature is maintained for more than 12 days, the temperature is reduced to room temperature in 20-30 days, and the pine sawdust edible fungus cultivation material is obtained after natural air drying. The invention provides a method for rapidly degrading anti-nutrient substances and macromolecular organic matters in pine sawdust and efficiently utilizing the anti-nutrient substances and macromolecular organic matters by degrading turpentine, tannin and saponin which are not beneficial to the growth of edible fungus hyphae in the pine sawdust and degrading cellulose and lignin which are partially difficult to be utilized by the edible fungus hyphae in a short time through a microbial agent. The pine sawdust prepared by the method can replace miscellaneous sawdust to cultivate edible fungi, and the cultivated mushroom is superior to miscellaneous sawdust in taste and nutrient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a biological fermentation technology, and particularly relates to a pretreatment method for pine sawdust as an edible fungus cultivation material.
Background
The raw material for producing the Edible Fungi (Edible Fungi) mainly comprises broad-leaved wood chips, and a large amount of broad-leaved forest resources are consumed annually. With the implementation of the national natural forest protection project, the forest felling is strictly limited, so that the production of many edible fungi using broad-leaved wood as raw materials is limited by the raw materials. Therefore, it is a new subject to develop edible fungi industry to explore the culture medium of edible fungi by using needle leaves and to develop new sources of edible fungi cultivation raw materials.
Pine is used as a main afforestation tree species and a main material for industry, agriculture, construction and life in China, the total amount of pine wood dust in China reaches hundreds of millions of tons every year, the urban and rural distribution range is wide, and the pine wood dust is easy to collect. Most are not utilized except a few for use as fuel, and are disposed of as waste. Pine sawdust fiber intercellular substance contains a large amount of leachable substances such as tannin, saponin, turpentine and the like, so that pine sawdust is not beneficial to the growth of edible fungus mycelium due to the high content of the substances, and is rarely used as an edible fungus cultivation material.
Edible fungi are cultivated at home and abroad by mixing the treated pine sawdust, the nutrient, the growth promoter and the like. If the mushroom cultivated after the treatment by the cooking large exhaust method is non-toxic, the content of protein and phosphorus is higher than that of raw wood mushroom, and the fat is lower than that of the raw wood mushroom, so that the mushroom is a mushroom with high protein, high phosphorus and low fat; adding water, and naturally accumulating the masson pine sawdust for 8-12 months to culture needle mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia polytricha, and Hypsizygus marmoreus. Adding water into pine sawdust and fresh pine sawdust which are naturally piled and retted for 2 months, uniformly stirring, naturally piling and retting for 60 days, then adding magnesium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, calcium carbonate, urea and vitamin B which account for 2 percent of the total amount in the shade, and uniformly stirring to obtain the additive for rapidly degrading the turpentine substances. Adding 5% of additive into dry pine sawdust, naturally fermenting for 5 days, wherein the heap temperature can reach 50-52 ℃, and the content of pine resin in the pine sawdust is reduced from 25.7g/kg to 5.4 g/kg. However, the above cooking large exhaust method has high cost, and harmful substances such as turpentine, tannin, saponin and the like are not completely removed; the natural stacking fermentation method has long time and poor harmful substance removing effect. The method removes turpentine oil and rosin which is beneficial to the growth of edible fungus hypha.
In summary, in order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention develops a pretreatment method for pine wood chips as an edible fungus cultivation material, the method can effectively reduce anti-nutritional substances such as tannin, saponin, turpentine and macromolecular organic matters in the pine wood chips by adding an explosion initiating agent, a microbial agent and the like before the pine wood chips are piled up, and the obtained pine wood chips replace miscellaneous wood chips to cultivate the edible fungus, thereby being beneficial to the growth of edible fungus hypha.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pretreatment method for pine sawdust as an edible fungus cultivation material. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a pretreatment method of pine sawdust as an edible fungus cultivation material comprises the following steps:
adjusting C/N ratio to 25-35 with pine sawdust and cake as reference, adjusting porosity with 1-5% (mass percent) of rice straw, adjusting pH to 6.5-7.5 with bamboo vinegar, inoculating 1-5% (mass percent) of microbial inoculum, adding water to adjust water content to 50-60%, starting aerobic composting fermentation, heating to 50 deg.C on day 3, heating to 70 deg.C on day 8, maintaining for more than 12 days, cooling to room temperature on day 20-30, and air drying to obtain edible fungus cultivation material. The invention provides a method for rapidly degrading anti-nutrient substances and macromolecular organic matters in pine sawdust and efficiently utilizing the anti-nutrient substances and macromolecular organic matters by degrading turpentine, tannin and saponin which are not beneficial to the growth of edible fungus hyphae in the pine sawdust and degrading cellulose and lignin which are partially difficult to be utilized by the edible fungus hyphae in a short time through a microbial agent. The pine sawdust prepared by the method can replace miscellaneous sawdust to cultivate edible fungi, and the cultivated mushroom is superior to miscellaneous sawdust in taste and nutrient.
Preferably, the cake is one or more of beer lees, soybean meal, peanut cake, oil-tea camellia cake or rapeseed cake.
Preferably, the microbial agent is saponin, tannin, turpentine, cellulose and lignin degrading bacteria.
Preferably, the saponin degrading bacteria are Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (preservation number: CGMCC NO.15834, preservation date: 2018, 5 and 31 days, preservation unit CGMCC-China general microbiological culture Collection center, preservation address: Beijing China) and Meyerozyma guilliermondii (preservation number: CGMCC NO.15835, preservation date: 2018, 5 and 31 days, preservation unit: CGMCC-China general microbiological culture Collection center, preservation address: Beijing China) mixed together, and the volume ratio of the two is (0-5): 5-0.
Preferably, the tannin degrading bacteria are Aspergillus awamori (preservation number: CGMCC NO.15862, preservation date: 2018, 5 and 31 days, preservation unit CGMCC-China general microbiological culture Collection center, preservation address: Beijing, China).
Preferably, the turpentine degrading bacteria are a mixture of Enterobacter cloacae (preservation number: CGMCC NO.15459, preservation date: 3 and 16 years 2018, preservation unit: CGMCC China general culture Collection center, preservation address: Beijing China) and Serratia marcescens (preservation number: CGMCC NO.15460, preservation date: 3 and 16 days 2018, preservation unit: CGMCC general culture Collection center, preservation address: Beijing China), and the volume ratio of the two is (0-5: 5-0).
Preferably, the cellulose and lignin degrading bacteria are basidiomycetes selected from phanerochaete chrysosporium and fir.
The invention can reduce the content of the antinutritional substances such as turpentine, tannin, saponin and the like in the pine sawdust in a short time, partially degrade cellulose and lignin, has the tannin degradation rate of more than 75.77 percent, the saponin degradation rate of more than 52.63 percent and the turpentine degradation rate of more than 70 percent, does not influence the nutrients of raw materials, ensures the normal development of mushrooms and is the key for cultivating edible fungi by using the pine sawdust.
The invention also provides an edible fungus cultivation material containing pine sawdust, which is prepared by adopting the method.
The invention also provides application of the edible fungus cultivation material containing pine sawdust in cultivation of edible fungi.
Test for cultivating shiitake mushroom by using piled rotten pine wood chips
The culture medium formula comprises: 80% of pine sawdust, 15% of rice bran, 2% of bean flour, 2% of corn flour and 1% of gypsum; ② 80 percent of unstacked pine sawdust, 15 percent of rice bran, 2 percent of bean flour, 2 percent of corn flour and 1 percent of gypsum; ③ 80 percent of wood dust, 15 percent of rice bran, 2 percent of bean flour, 2 percent of corn flour and 1 percent of gypsum.
Weighing according to the formula, mixing and stirring uniformly, then adding a proper amount of water, stirring uniformly again, adjusting the water content to 55-60%, bagging, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min, cooling, inoculating, then placing in a 24 ℃ culture room for spawn running, taking unstacked pine sawdust and miscellaneous sawdust as a reference, and measuring the growth length of hyphae every 3 days.
Influence of different formulations on the growth speed of the hyphae (unit: cm)
Numbering | 3d | 6d | 9d | 12d | 15d |
① | 1.2 | 4.3 | 7.6 | 12.3 | 16.3 |
② | 0.4 | 2.5 | 4.4 | 7.4 | 9.4 |
③ | 0.6 | 3.4 | 5.1 | 8.5 | 11.5 |
From the above table, it can be seen that the mushroom hyphae can grow in all three formulas, but the mushroom hyphae grow better and faster on the piled and rotten pine wood chips than the non-piled pine wood chips and miscellaneous wood chips.
The pine sawdust prepared by the method is used as an edible fungus cultivation material to completely replace miscellaneous sawdust to cultivate mushrooms, the piled pine sawdust is used as the cultivation material, the growth speed of hyphae is higher than that of the non-piled pine sawdust, and the mushrooms are superior to the non-piled pine sawdust in taste and nutrient.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples are further illustrative of the methods and techniques provided by the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention thereto.
Example 1
Adding fresh pine sawdust into soybean meal to adjust the C/N ratio to 30, adding 1% of straw based on the pine sawdust and the soybean meal, adding bamboo vinegar to adjust the pH value to 6.5, then adding 1% of turpentine degrading bacteria, 1% of tannin degrading bacteria and 1% of saponin degrading bacteria, adding water to adjust the water content to 60%, raising the temperature to 50-70 ℃ to maintain for 5 days, turning over, repeating for 3-5 times, cooling to 40 ℃, adding 5% of cellulose lignin degrading microorganism mixed bacteria of phanerochaete chrysosporium and basidiomycetes, cooling to room temperature, and naturally air-drying, wherein the tannin degrading rate is 75.77%, the saponin degrading rate is 52.63%, and the turpentine degrading rate is 70.44%.
The piled pine sawdust is used as a cultivation material, hypha grows over a fungus bag on the 16 th day, unstacked pine sawdust is used as the cultivation material, the hypha grows over the fungus bag on the 22 th day, and the mushroom is superior to the unstacked pine sawdust in taste and nutrient.
Example 2
Adding fresh pine sawdust into bean pulp to adjust C/N ratio to 25, adding 3% of straw based on the pine sawdust and the bean pulp, adding bamboo vinegar to adjust pH to 7.0, adding 2.5% of turpentine degrading bacteria, 0.5% of tannin degrading bacteria and 2% of saponin degrading bacteria, adding water to adjust water content to 60%, raising temperature to 50-70 ℃ for 5 days, turning over, repeating for 3-5 times, cooling to 40 ℃, adding 4% of cellulose and lignin degrading microorganism mixed bacteria of phanerochaete chrysosporium and basidiomycetes, cooling to room temperature, and naturally air drying, wherein the tannin degradation rate is 76.02%, the saponin degradation rate is 58.73%, and the turpentine degradation rate is 79.25%.
The piled pine sawdust is used as a cultivation material, hypha grows over a fungus bag on 14 th day, unstacked pine sawdust is used as the cultivation material, the hypha grows over the fungus bag on 21 st day, and the mushroom is superior to the unstacked pine sawdust in taste and nutrient.
Example 3
Adding fresh pine sawdust into bean pulp to adjust C/N ratio to 30, adding 5% of straw based on pine sawdust and bean pulp, adding bamboo vinegar to adjust pH to 7.5, adding 3% of turpentine degrading bacteria, 2% of tannin degrading bacteria and 5% of saponin degrading bacteria, adding water to adjust water content to 60%, raising temperature to 50-70 deg.C, maintaining for 5 days, turning over, repeating for 3-5 times, cooling to 40 deg.C, adding 3% of cellulose lignin degrading microbial mixed bacteria of phanerochaete chrysosporium and basidiomycetes, cooling to room temperature, and naturally air drying, wherein tannin degradation rate is 80.12%, saponin degradation rate is 65.03%, and turpentine degradation rate is 73.13%.
The piled pine sawdust is used as a cultivation material, hypha grows over a fungus bag on the 17 th day, unstacked pine sawdust is used as the cultivation material, the hypha grows over the fungus bag on the 23 th day, and the mushroom is superior to the unstacked pine sawdust in taste and nutrient.
Example 4
Adding fresh pine sawdust into bean pulp to adjust C/N ratio to 35, adding 4% of straw based on pine sawdust and bean pulp, adding bamboo vinegar to adjust pH to 6.8, adding 2.5% of turpentine degrading bacteria, 0.5% of tannin degrading bacteria and 2% of saponin degrading bacteria, adding water to adjust water content to 55%, raising temperature to 50-70 deg.C, maintaining for 5 days, turning over, repeating for 3-5 times, cooling to 40 deg.C, adding 3% of cellulose and lignin degrading microorganism mixed bacteria of phanerochaete chrysosporium and basidiomycetes, cooling to room temperature, and naturally air drying, wherein tannin degradation rate is 80.12%, saponin degradation rate is 68.2%, and turpentine degradation rate is 72.23%.
The piled pine sawdust is used as a cultivation material, hypha grows over a fungus bag on the 16 th day, unstacked pine sawdust is used as the cultivation material, the hypha grows over the fungus bag on the 25 th day, and the mushroom is superior to the unstacked pine sawdust in taste and nutrient.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A pretreatment method of pine sawdust as an edible fungus cultivation material is characterized by comprising the following steps: adjusting C/N ratio to 25-35 with pine sawdust and cake, adjusting porosity with 1-5 wt% of rice straw, adjusting pH to 6.5-7.5 with bamboo vinegar, inoculating 1-5 wt% of microbial inoculum, adjusting water content to 50-60% with water, starting aerobic composting fermentation, heating to 50 deg.C on day 3, heating to 70 deg.C on day 8, maintaining the high temperature for more than 12 days, cooling to room temperature on day 20-30, and air drying to obtain pine sawdust edible fungus culture material; the microbial agent is saponin, tannin, turpentine, cellulose and lignin degrading bacteria.
2. The method for pretreating pine wood chips serving as an edible fungus cultivation material according to claim 1, wherein the cake is one or more of beer grains, soybean meal, peanut cake, oil-tea camellia cake or rapeseed cake.
3. The method for pretreating pine sawdust serving as an edible fungus cultivation material according to claim 2, wherein the saponin-degrading bacteria is a mixture of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (CGMCC NO.15834) and Meyerozyma guilliermondii (CGMCC NO.15835) at a volume ratio of (0-5): 5-0.
4. The method for pretreating pine wood chips as an edible fungus cultivation material according to claim 2, wherein the tannin degrading bacteria is Aspergillus awamori (CGMCC NO. 15862).
5. The method for pretreating pine sawdust serving as an edible fungus cultivation material according to claim 2, wherein the turpentine-degrading bacteria are a mixture of Enterobacter cloacae (CGMCC NO.15459) and Serratia marcescens (CGMCC NO.15460) at a volume ratio of (0-5): 5-0.
6. The method for pretreating pine wood chips as an edible fungus cultivation material according to claim 2, wherein the cellulose and lignin degrading bacteria are selected from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Basidiomycetes of China fir.
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