CN108831570B - Emergency shutdown system and method of subcritical reactor system - Google Patents
Emergency shutdown system and method of subcritical reactor system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108831570B CN108831570B CN201810458449.0A CN201810458449A CN108831570B CN 108831570 B CN108831570 B CN 108831570B CN 201810458449 A CN201810458449 A CN 201810458449A CN 108831570 B CN108831570 B CN 108831570B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/02—Means for effecting very rapid reduction of the reactivity factor under fault conditions, e.g. reactor fuse; Control elements having arrangements activated in an emergency
- G21C9/022—Reactor fuses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/02—Means for effecting very rapid reduction of the reactivity factor under fault conditions, e.g. reactor fuse; Control elements having arrangements activated in an emergency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention provides an emergency shutdown system and method suitable for an accelerator-driven subcritical reactor system, wherein the emergency shutdown system comprises a first emergency shutdown subsystem and a second emergency shutdown subsystem, wherein the first emergency shutdown subsystem is used for controlling a shutdown circuit breaker to cut off a path between an accelerator proton source and an accelerator power supply system according to an emergency shutdown signal sent by a reactor protection system, and the second emergency shutdown subsystem is used for controlling an accelerator chopper to set the pulse duty ratio of the accelerator proton beam to the minimum value according to a transient signal sent by the reactor protection system and failing to realize emergency shutdown. According to the invention, under the condition that the first scram subsystem can not realize scram, the second scram subsystem is adopted to realize scram, so that the safety of the reactor is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reactor protection, in particular to an emergency shutdown system and method of an accelerator-driven subcritical reactor system.
Background
Under the accident condition of a nuclear power plant, the realization of emergency shutdown is an important prerequisite for protecting the safety of a reactor, and for the existing mature pressurized water reactor, the main realization way of the emergency shutdown is to insert a control rod consisting of neutron poison into a reactor core to enable the reactor to enter a subcritical state. The process of realizing the scram by means of the control rods is as follows: in case of an accident that the safe operation of the reactor is damaged in the nuclear power plant, the reactor protection system sends an emergency shutdown driving signal to trigger a reactor breaker to trip, after the breaker is opened, a power supply of a control rod driving mechanism is cut off, all control rods rapidly fall into a reactor core under the action of gravity, and the emergency shutdown of the reactor is realized. This method has the potential for control rod jamming or stick ejection resulting in failure to achieve a tight shutdown.
In addition, patent CN102881340B proposes an emergency shutdown method in which the control rods are inserted by gravity after power failure, and an emergency boron injection system is added as an active diversified shutdown method. When the emergency shutdown is needed in the accident condition, if the control rod is failed to be inserted downwards, the control rod is confirmed to fail to realize the emergency shutdown (ATWS) by monitoring parameters such as neutron fluence rate in the reactor, and the like, and the injection pump is started after the emergency boron injection system receives an ATWS signal, so that concentrated boron is injected into the reactor pressure vessel and the reactor core, and the emergency shutdown is realized. When the method is adopted, the reactor cannot be restarted immediately after a large amount of concentrated boron water is injected into the reactor core, the reactor can be started by diluting the boron concentration of the reactor core, and a plurality of supporting systems are required.
Aiming at the design characteristics of an accelerator driving subcritical reactor system, a device which is based on different design principles and can effectively realize diversified emergency shutdown needs to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to provide a device and a method for rapidly and efficiently performing a reactor emergency shutdown in case of a safety accident in a nuclear reactor.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides an emergency shutdown system for an accelerator-driven subcritical reactor system, comprising:
the first emergency shutdown subsystem is used for cutting off a path between an accelerator proton source and an accelerator power supply system according to an emergency shutdown signal sent by the reactor protection system;
and the second scram subsystem is used for setting the intensity of the accelerator proton beam to be minimum according to a transient signal which is sent by the reactor protection system and fails to realize scram.
The first emergency shutdown subsystem comprises 3 groups of shutdown circuit breakers, the 3 groups of shutdown circuit breakers are connected with 3 protection channels of the reactor protection system, the first protection channel controls the first group of shutdown circuit breakers, the second protection channel controls the second group of shutdown circuit breakers, and the third protection channel controls the third group of shutdown circuit breakers;
the first circuit breaker of the first group of shutdown circuit breakers, the first circuit breaker of the second group of shutdown circuit breakers and the second circuit breaker of the third group of shutdown circuit breakers are sequentially connected in series to form a first branch circuit, the first circuit breaker of the third group of shutdown circuit breakers, the second circuit breaker of the first group of shutdown circuit breakers and the second circuit breaker of the second group of shutdown circuit breakers are sequentially connected in series to form a second branch circuit, the connecting point of the first circuit breaker of the first group of shutdown circuit breakers and the first circuit breaker of the second group of shutdown circuit breakers in the first branch circuit is connected with the connecting point of the first circuit breaker of the third group of shutdown circuit breakers and the second circuit breaker of the first group of shutdown circuit breakers in the second branch circuit, the connecting point of the first circuit breaker of the second group of shutdown circuit breakers and the second circuit breaker of the third group of shutdown circuit breakers is connected with the connecting point of the second circuit breaker of the first group of shutdown circuit breakers and the second circuit breaker of the second group, the first branch is connected in parallel with the second branch.
The second scram subsystem comprises an accelerator machine protection system and a chopper, the accelerator machine protection system is connected with the reactor protection system, the chopper is connected with an accelerator proton source, the accelerator machine protection system receives transient signals which are sent by the reactor protection system and cannot realize scram and adjusts the duty ratio of the chopper, and the accelerator proton beam intensity is set to be the minimum value.
The invention also provides a diversified shutdown method based on the accelerator-driven subcritical reactor system, which comprises the following steps: receiving an emergency shutdown signal sent by a reactor protection system; cutting off the fuel supply according to the emergency shutdown signal
A path between the accelerator proton source and the accelerator power system;
receiving a failure to implement scram transient signal from a reactor protection system, the failure to implement scram transient signal being generated when the passageway is not broken;
and setting the proton beam intensity of the accelerator to be the minimum value by a pulse width modulation method according to the transient signal which fails to realize the scram.
The cutting off a path between an accelerator proton source and an accelerator power supply system according to the scram signal specifically includes:
3 groups of shutdown circuit breakers are arranged between an accelerator proton source and an accelerator power supply system, and each group of shutdown circuit breakers are controlled by corresponding emergency shutdown signals output by 1 protection channel;
and when receiving the emergency shutdown signals sent by the respective protection channels, at least 2 groups of shutdown circuit breakers respectively open to cut off a path between the accelerator proton source and the accelerator power supply system.
The setting of the accelerator proton beam intensity to the minimum value by the pulse width modulation method according to the transient signal which fails to realize the scram specifically includes:
and setting the transient signal which fails to realize the emergency shutdown as the highest priority, adjusting the pulse duty ratio of a chopper connected with a proton source of an accelerator, and setting the proton beam intensity as the minimum value.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can realize emergency shutdown by controlling the shutdown circuit breaker to cut off the path between the accelerator proton source and the accelerator power system when the safe operation accident of the reactor is damaged, and under the condition that the circuit breaker fails to successfully cut off the path between the accelerator proton source and the accelerator power system, the reactor protection system sends a transient signal which fails to realize the emergency shutdown to the second emergency shutdown subsystem, and the proton beam intensity is set to be the minimum value by a pulse width modulation method, so that the chain reaction can not be maintained, and the emergency shutdown is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an emergency shutdown system of an accelerator driven subcritical reactor system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first scram subsystem of the scram system of the accelerator driven subcritical reactor system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second scram subsystem of the scram system of the accelerator driven subcritical reactor system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings, which are included to illustrate specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced.
An accelerator-driven subcritical reactor system (ADS) is a novel nuclear energy utilization device, and high-energy protons generated by an accelerator bombard heavy metal targets to generate high-energy spallation neutrons which drive nuclear materials in a subcritical reactor to carry out nuclear reaction so as to maintain the operation of the subcritical reactor. The reactor is driven by the accelerator beam, and the whole reactor is in a subcritical state, a mode of reactivity control by a control rod assembly and a related driving mechanism is not adopted in system design, and the chopper is used for adjusting the duty ratio of proton beam pulses to change the intensity of the accelerator proton beam, so that the adjustment and control of the reactor power are realized.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the invention provides an emergency shutdown system of an accelerator-driven subcritical reactor system, including: a first scram subsystem 12 and a second scram subsystem 13, wherein the first scram subsystem 12 is used for cutting off the path between the accelerator proton source 15 and the accelerator power supply system 14 according to a scram signal sent by the reactor protection system 11, and the second scram subsystem 13 is used for setting the accelerator proton beam intensity to a minimum value according to a scram transient signal sent by the reactor protection system 11 and failing to realize scram.
Specifically, the first scram subsystem 12 is connected to the reactor protection system 11, receives a scram signal sent by the reactor protection system 11, and cuts off a path between the accelerator proton source 15 and the accelerator power supply system 14, and the second scram subsystem 13 is connected to the reactor protection system 11, receives a scram transient signal sent by the reactor protection system 11, and sets the proton beam intensity to a minimum value, so that a chain reaction cannot be maintained, and a scram occurs.
The reactor emergency shutdown signals sent by the reactor protection system 11 include a manual shutdown signal, an automatic shutdown signal and a transient signal that the emergency shutdown cannot be realized, and both the manual shutdown signal and the automatic shutdown signal can be sent to the first emergency shutdown subsystem through a channel connected with the reactor protection system, so that the first emergency shutdown subsystem cuts off a path between an accelerator proton source and an accelerator power supply system.
When the first emergency shutdown subsystem 12 fails to disconnect the path between the accelerator proton source 15 and the accelerator power supply system 14, the reactor protection system 11 detects parameters such as neutron injection rate in the reactor by performing nuclear power measurement, so as to generate a transient signal which fails to realize emergency shutdown, and sends the transient signal to the second emergency shutdown subsystem, the second emergency shutdown subsystem 13 sets the transient signal which fails to realize emergency shutdown as a first priority, and sets the proton beam intensity as a minimum value by a pulse width modulation method, so that the reactor core chain reaction cannot be maintained, and the reactor is in emergency shutdown.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a first emergency shutdown subsystem of the present invention, which includes 6 circuit breakers, the 6 circuit breakers are divided into 3 groups and connected to the reactor protection system through 3 protection channels, the circuit breakers are connected to a "two out of three" logic, and the emergency shutdown signal sent from each channel controls one group of shutdown circuit breakers. The first group of shutdown circuit breakers comprises a first circuit breaker I1 and a second circuit breaker I2, the second group of shutdown circuit breakers comprises a circuit breaker II1 and a circuit breaker II2, the third group of shutdown circuit breakers comprises a circuit breaker III1 and a circuit breaker III2, wherein the circuit breakers I1, II1 and III2 are sequentially connected in series to form a first branch, the circuit breakers III1, I2 and II2 are sequentially connected in series to form a second branch, a connection point of a circuit breaker III1 and a circuit breaker I2 in the second branch is also connected with a connection point of a circuit breaker I1 and a circuit breaker II1 in the first branch, a connection point of a circuit breaker I2 and a circuit breaker II2 in the second branch is also connected with a connection point of a circuit breaker II1 and a circuit breaker III2 in the first branch, the first branch and the second branch are connected in parallel and then connected in series between an accelerator power supply system and an accelerator proton source, wherein the circuit breakers I1 and I2 are controlled by output signals of a protection channel I, the circuit breakers II1, the circuit breakers III1 and III2 are controlled by the output signal of the protection channel III. When an accident that the safe operation of the reactor is damaged occurs, any 2 or more protection channels send out emergency shutdown signals to control corresponding shutdown circuit breakers to be disconnected, so that a channel between an accelerator proton source and an accelerator power supply system is cut off, the subcritical reactor loses a driving source for maintaining chain reaction, and the emergency shutdown of the reactor is realized.
The circuit breaker can be automatically disconnected or manually disconnected by an operator.
Specifically, for example, when both the protection channel I and the protection channel II send out the emergency shutdown signal, the circuit breakers I1 and I2 controlled by the channel I are opened, and the circuit breakers II1 and II2 controlled by the protection channel II are opened, so that theoretically, 2 circuit breakers are opened on each branch, thereby realizing the disconnection of the accelerator proton source and the accelerator power supply system. And by adopting the two-out-of-three logic, the reliability of the circuit breaker between the accelerator proton source and the accelerator power supply system can be improved. In addition, once the reactor shutdown breaker is opened, the proton beam current of the accelerator can be cut off within 20 microseconds to realize emergency reactor shutdown, so that the time of reactor shutdown response is greatly shortened, and the reactor can be protected under the accident condition.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a second scram subsystem of the present invention. The second emergency shutdown subsystem comprises an accelerator machine protection system 31 and a chopper 32, the accelerator machine protection system 31 is connected with the reactor protection system 11, the chopper 32 is connected with an accelerator proton source 15, particles generated by the accelerator proton source 15 become high-energy proton flows after being accelerated by an accelerator, and the high-energy proton flows bombard a spallation target 33 to generate high-energy spallation neutrons to drive nuclear materials in a subcritical reactor 36 to perform nuclear reaction.
When a safety accident occurs to the reactor and the first emergency shutdown subsystem fails to realize emergency shutdown, the reactor protection system 11 monitors parameters such as reactor neutron fluence rate representing reactor power and generates a transient signal which fails to realize emergency shutdown, the accelerator machine protection system 31 receives the transient signal which fails to realize emergency shutdown and sets the signal as a first priority, and meanwhile, the accelerator machine protection system 31 sets the duty ratio of the chopper 32 as a minimum value, so that the proton beam intensity is reduced to the minimum value.
The chopper adopts a PWM pulse width modulation mode, when the chopper normally operates, the duty ratio of the chopper is set to be matched with a power regulation target of a reactor power control system, the continuous regulation of the pulse duty ratio of the proton beam from 0.1% to 100% can be realized, and when an accident occurs, the duty ratio of the chopper is directly set to be the minimum value, so that the pulse duty ratio of the proton beam is minimum, namely the intensity of the proton beam is reduced to the minimum value.
By adopting the diversified emergency shutdown system of the subcritical reactor based on the accelerator driving, when the emergency shutdown is required under the accident condition, the circuit between the accelerator proton source and the accelerator power supply system can be cut off through the circuit breaker, and the pulse duty ratio of the proton beam can be set through a pulse width modulation method when the measures fail, so that the intensity of the proton beam is reduced to the minimum value, the reactor core chain reaction can not be maintained, and the emergency shutdown of the reactor is realized. The emergency shutdown system can not only aim at accident conditions, but also realize the protection of the faults of the accelerator and the spallation target equipment, thereby greatly improving the reliability and the safety of the reactor.
The invention also provides a shutdown method of the subcritical reactor system, which comprises the following steps:
receiving an emergency shutdown signal sent by a reactor protection system, and cutting off a path between an accelerator proton source and an accelerator power supply system according to the emergency shutdown signal;
receiving a reactor protection system-issued transient signal of failure to achieve scram, the transient signal of failure to achieve scram being generated when the passage fails to be disconnected;
and setting the proton beam intensity of the accelerator to be the minimum value by a pulse width modulation method according to the transient signal which fails to realize the scram.
The step of cutting off a path between an accelerator proton source and an accelerator power supply system according to the scram signal specifically comprises the following steps:
3 sets of shutdown circuit breakers are arranged between the accelerator proton source and the accelerator power system, each set of shutdown circuit breaker is controlled by an emergency shutdown signal output by a protection channel,
and when receiving the emergency shutdown signals sent by the respective protection channels, at least 2 groups of shutdown circuit breakers respectively open to cut off a path between the accelerator proton source and the accelerator power supply system.
The setting of the accelerator proton beam intensity to the minimum value by the pulse width modulation method according to the transient signal which fails to realize the scram specifically includes:
and setting the transient signal which fails to realize the emergency shutdown as the highest priority, adjusting the beam pulse duty ratio of a chopper connected with a proton source of an accelerator, and setting the proton beam intensity as the minimum value.
For the working principle and the advantageous effects thereof, please refer to the description of the first embodiment of the present invention, which will not be described herein again.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. An scram system for a subcritical reactor system, comprising:
the first emergency shutdown subsystem is used for cutting off a path between an accelerator proton source and an accelerator power supply system according to an emergency shutdown signal sent by the reactor protection system;
the second emergency reactor-stopping subsystem is used for setting the pulse duty ratio of the accelerator proton beam to be the minimum value according to a transient signal which is sent by the reactor protection system and cannot realize emergency reactor-stopping;
the second emergency shutdown subsystem comprises an accelerator machine protection system and a chopper, the accelerator machine protection system is connected with the reactor protection system, the chopper is connected with an accelerator proton source, the accelerator machine protection system receives transient signals which are generated by the reactor protection system and cannot realize emergency shutdown, the duty ratio of the chopper is adjusted, and the accelerator proton beam intensity is set to be the minimum value.
2. The scram system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first scram subsystem comprises 3 sets of scram circuit breakers, the 3 sets of scram circuit breakers are connected with 3 protection channels of the reactor protection system, a signal output by a first protection channel controls a first set of scram circuit breakers, a signal output by a second protection channel controls a second set of scram circuit breakers, and a signal output by a third protection channel controls a third set of scram circuit breakers;
the first circuit breaker of the first group of shutdown circuit breakers, the first circuit breaker of the second group of shutdown circuit breakers and the second circuit breaker of the third group of shutdown circuit breakers are sequentially connected in series to form a first branch circuit, the first circuit breaker of the third group of shutdown circuit breakers, the second circuit breaker of the first group of shutdown circuit breakers and the second circuit breaker of the second group of shutdown circuit breakers are sequentially connected in series to form a second branch circuit, and the first branch circuit is connected with the second branch circuit in parallel; the first circuit breaker of first group shutdown circuit breaker with tie point between the first circuit breaker of second group shutdown circuit breaker with the first circuit breaker of third group shutdown circuit breaker with tie point between the second circuit breaker of first group shutdown circuit breaker is connected, the first circuit breaker of second group shutdown circuit breaker with tie point between the second circuit breaker of third group shutdown circuit breaker with the second circuit breaker of first group shutdown circuit breaker is connected with the tie point between the second circuit breaker of second group shutdown circuit breaker.
3. An emergency shutdown method for a subcritical reactor system, characterized by:
receiving an emergency shutdown signal sent by a reactor protection system;
cutting off a path between an accelerator proton source and an accelerator power supply system according to the scram signal;
receiving a failure to implement scram transient signal from a reactor protection system, the failure to implement scram transient signal being generated when the passageway is not broken;
and connecting an accelerator machine protection system with a reactor protection system, connecting a chopper with an accelerator proton source, receiving the transient signal which fails to realize the emergency shutdown by the accelerator machine protection system, setting the transient signal as the highest priority, adjusting the pulse duty ratio of the chopper, and setting the accelerator proton beam intensity as the minimum value.
4. A scram method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the cutting off a path between an accelerator proton source and an accelerator power system according to the emergency shutdown signal specifically includes:
3 groups of shutdown circuit breakers are arranged between an accelerator proton source and an accelerator power supply system, and each group of shutdown circuit breakers are controlled by corresponding emergency shutdown signals output by 1 protection channel;
and when receiving the emergency shutdown signals sent by the respective protection channels, at least 2 groups of shutdown circuit breakers respectively open to cut off a path between the accelerator proton source and the accelerator power supply system.
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