CN108827454B - Steam turbine shafting vibration data acquisition and processing method - Google Patents
Steam turbine shafting vibration data acquisition and processing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for acquiring and processing vibration data of a steam turbine shafting. Respectively and independently carrying out equal-angle and equal-time software resampling on each analysis unit of each channel; the axis track is analyzed by sampling data at the equal angle, so that the analysis error is reduced; when the frequency spectrum is calculated, the vibration frequency spectrum of each circle of rotation of the steam turbine is independently calculated, and then the vibration frequency spectrum is accumulated and averaged, so that the error caused by the fact that the same sampling rate is used for multiple circles is reduced; when data is sent, only characteristic values required by data analysis are sent, original vibration data are prevented from being sent, and the requirement on network bandwidth is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of steam turbine state monitoring and data acquisition, in particular to a steam turbine shafting vibration data acquisition and processing method.
Background
The monitoring of the operating state of the steam turbine is an important means for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the unit, wherein the monitoring of the vibration of the shaft system is an extremely critical part.
In the actual operation of a steam turbine, a steam turbine safety monitoring system (TSI) is an essential component. An important function of the system is to receive signals from a vibration sensor on a main shaft of the steam turbine set and monitor the shafting vibration of the steam turbine set. Meanwhile, the TSI equipment can also condition and buffer and output vibration signals from the sensors, namely vibration original signals, the TSI equipment is used for local vibration analysis systems such as TDM (time division multiplexing) and the like, and the vibration state of a steam turbine shafting is judged according to a built-in corresponding data processing algorithm and analysis logic.
With the development of the technology, the vibration acquisition precision and frequency are higher and higher, the analysis algorithm is more and more complex, and compared with the traditional local vibration analysis means, the advantages of the remote diagnosis and intelligent control scheme based on the network technology, big data, cloud computing and the like are gradually highlighted. Therefore, the method for monitoring and controlling the operating state of the steam turbine is an urgent need in the field of current monitoring and controlling of the operating state of the steam turbine by collecting vibration data of the shafting and sending the vibration data to the remote server by using the internet.
At present, the key problem of remote transmission of vibration data is that the original data volume is too large, and the network bearing capacity is limited, so that the vibration data with high precision and high sampling rate is difficult to directly transmit, and the analysis timeliness is reduced. In addition, because the rotation speed changes greatly in the starting and stopping process, the whole period sampling is difficult to accurately carry out, and the key axis locus analysis and the key spectrum analysis are both established on the basis of the whole period sampling, so that the analysis can be carried out only by an engineer to a field external device in the starting and stopping process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems existing in the remote transmission of the vibration data of the steam turbine shafting, the invention provides a method for acquiring and processing the vibration data of the steam turbine shafting.
A method for acquiring and processing vibration data of a steam turbine shafting comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting the key phase pulse signal of the rotation of the shaft of the steam turbine to make the first pulse generated at time t0For the initial time, 10 pulse generation times were recorded continuously, and the resulting pulse time sequence was denoted as Tphase＝[t0,t1,…,t10]；
Step two: from TphaseT in (1)0From time to time t10At the moment, a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (ADC) are used for continuously acquiring original vibration signals of different vibration points of a steam turbine shaft at the frequency of 20kHz, and each vibration point simultaneously acquires two groups of signals which are perpendicular to the shaft direction and perpendicular to each other and marked as Xi＝[xi0,xi1,…,xin]，Yi＝[yi0,yi1,…,yin]Simultaneously recording the acquisition time of each element as Tscan＝[ts0,ts1,…,tsn]Wherein x and y represent voltage quantity of vibration amplitude, and n is a non-negative integer;
step three: performing software resampling on the original vibration data, and respectively calculating each group of vibration points:
wherein XiAnd YiDividing the vibration data into eight groups corresponding to the vibration data of the steam turbine rotating from 2 to 9 weeks, wherein k is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 9, and p and q are integers;
calculating an angular velocity analytic expression of the steam turbine at the k-th cycle of rotation: suppose angular acceleration a at this and the previous cyclekIs constant, and the angular velocity at the start of the k-1 th revolution is set to ωk-1Then, according to the physical definition, it can be obtained:
obtaining the initial rotating speed of the previous week and the acceleration of two continuous weeks;
when the angle at the start of each revolution is 0, an arbitrary angle from the revolution to the k-th revolution of the turbine can be obtained by combining the following equation
At the corresponding time
To XikAnd YikRespectively carrying out cubic spline interpolation fitting, and calculating the boundary conditions of the cubic spline interpolation fitting by using the final vibration value of the k-1 week and the initial vibration value of the k +1 week to form a corresponding mathematical analytic expression xcalculate＝fikx(t),ycalculate＝fiky(t) wherein xcalculateAnd ycalculateRespectively representing vibration calculation values in X and Y directions at t moment;
for each group XikAnd YikCalculating the k-th week based on the above-mentioned results
(N ∈ N, N < 128) vibration at time:
namely, equal-angle sampling is realized, and 128 points are acquired every week;
for each group XikAnd YikAnd calculating a fixed time interval corresponding to the sampling of the k week equal time interval:
Δtk＝(tk-tk-1)/128
at Δ tkFor resampling time intervals, according to pair XikAnd YikAnd respectively carrying out cubic spline interpolation fitting to obtain a conclusion, carrying out resampling at equal time intervals on the vibration of the kth week according to the following formula, and collecting 128 points in total:
step four: and respectively calculating the average axis locus by using the equal-angle resampling result of each group of vibration points:
step five: and respectively calculating the average frequency spectrum and the energy distribution of each frequency multiplication by using the re-sampling result of each group of vibration points at equal time intervals:
calculating the absolute vibration amount A of the k weekik：
According to Δ tkThe spectrum for the k-th week is calculated using a 128-point FFT: fik＝FFT(Aik)；
Calculating the energy distribution of each frequency multiplication:
calculating the average spectrum:
step six: respectively utilizing the original vibration signals X of each group of monitoring pointsiAnd YiCalculating a vibration time domain characteristic value of a common steam turbine shafting:
wherein mean (), rms (), std (), pk (), max (), and min () respectively represent an arithmetic mean value, a root mean square value, a standard deviation, a peak-to-peak value, a maximum value, and a minimum value;
step seven: and packaging all the shafting vibration characteristic values into json files, and sending the data to a remote platform through the Internet.
In the method for acquiring and processing the vibration data of the steam turbine shafting, the method further comprises the following steps:
judging the shafting vibration characteristic value according to a preset rule, and if the turbine vibration is in a normal state, waiting for a preset time and then repeatedly executing the first step; and if the vibration of the steam turbine is in an abnormal state, storing the file and all the original vibration data sent in the step seven into a local nonvolatile memory, and repeatedly executing the step one.
In the method for acquiring and processing the vibration data of the steam turbine shafting, the collected steam turbine shaft rotation key phase pulse signals are buffered and output by a steam turbine safety monitoring system or acquired by an eddy current sensor or a transmitter.
In the method for acquiring and processing the vibration data of the steam turbine shafting, the original vibration signals of different vibration points of the steam turbine shaft are acquired through buffer output of a steam turbine safety monitoring system or acquisition of an eddy current sensor or a transmitter.
The method of the invention collects the original vibration signal (from TSI buffer output or vibration sensor) at high speed, preprocesses the signal and resamples the software, extracts the real-time characteristic according to the analysis requirement, standardizes the characteristic value and encrypts and remotely transmits the characteristic value. Respectively and independently carrying out equal-angle and equal-time software resampling on each analysis unit of each channel; the axis track is analyzed by sampling data at the equal angle, so that the analysis error is reduced; when the frequency spectrum is calculated, the vibration frequency spectrum of each circle of rotation of the steam turbine is independently calculated, and then the vibration frequency spectrum is accumulated and averaged, so that the error caused by the fact that the same sampling rate is used for multiple circles is reduced; when data is sent, only characteristic values required by data analysis are sent, original vibration data are prevented from being sent, and the requirement on network bandwidth is greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for acquiring and processing vibration data of a steam turbine shafting according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention better understood and make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A method for collecting and processing vibration data of a steam turbine shafting, as shown in fig. 1, comprising:
s101: collecting and recording a steam turbine shaft rotation key phase pulse signal;
collecting the key phase pulse signal of the rotation of the shaft of the steam turbine to make the first pulse generated at time t0For the initial time, 10 pulse generation times were recorded continuously, and the resulting pulse time sequence was denoted as Tphase＝[t0,t1,…,t10]；
S102: collecting and recording original vibration signals of different vibration points of a steam turbine shaft;
from TphaseT in (1)0From time to time t10At the moment, a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (ADC) are used for continuously acquiring original vibration signals of different vibration points of a steam turbine shaft at the frequency of 20kHz, and each vibration point simultaneously acquires two groups of signals which are perpendicular to the shaft direction and perpendicular to each other and marked as Xi＝[xi0,xi1,…,xin]，Yi＝[yi0,yi1,…,yin]Simultaneously recording the acquisition time of each element as Tscan＝[ts0,ts1,…,tsn]Wherein x and y represent voltage quantity of vibration amplitude, and n is a non-negative integer;
generally, the vibration analysis in the industry is to continuously acquire data rotating for 8 weeks, while the invention acquires data for 10 weeks, wherein the 1 st week is used for rotation speed estimation and boundary value calculation, and the 10 th week is used for boundary value calculation; the method is compatible with directly collecting TSI buffer output and original data of the sensor and the transmitter; the original collection uses a high-speed sampling rate method, and then software resampling processing is carried out.
S103: performing software resampling on the original vibration data, and respectively calculating each group of vibration points:
wherein XiAnd YiDividing the vibration data into eight groups corresponding to the vibration data of the steam turbine rotating from 2 to 9 weeks, wherein k is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 9, and p and q are integers;
calculating an angular velocity analytic expression of the steam turbine at the k-th cycle of rotation: suppose angular acceleration a at this and the previous cyclekIs constant, and the angular velocity at the start of the k-1 th revolution is set to ωk-1Then, according to the physical definition, it can be obtained:
obtaining the initial rotating speed of the previous week and the acceleration of two continuous weeks;
when the angle at the start of each revolution is 0, an arbitrary angle from the revolution to the k-th revolution of the turbine can be obtained by combining the following equation
At the corresponding time
To XikAnd YikRespectively carrying out cubic spline interpolation fitting, and calculating the boundary conditions of the cubic spline interpolation fitting by using the final vibration value of the k-1 week and the initial vibration value of the k +1 week to form a corresponding mathematical analytic expression xcalculate＝fikx(t),ycalculate＝fiky(t) wherein xcalculateAnd ycalculateRespectively representing vibration calculation values in X and Y directions at t moment;
for each group XikAnd YikCalculating the k-th week based on the above-mentioned results
(N ∈ N, N < 128) vibration at time:
namely, equal-angle sampling is realized, and 128 points are acquired every week;
for each group XikAnd YikAnd calculating a fixed time interval corresponding to the sampling of the k week equal time interval:
Δtk＝(tk-tk-1)/128
at Δ tkFor resampling time intervals, according to pair XikAnd YikAnd respectively carrying out cubic spline interpolation fitting to obtain a conclusion, carrying out resampling at equal time intervals on the vibration of the kth week according to the following formula, and collecting 128 points in total:
the process can independently perform software resampling respectively for effective continuous 8 rotation periods, but not perform software resampling integrally; software resampling performs two resampling processes for each analysis unit, namely equal-angle sampling (sampling is performed once every 2 pi/128 angles and sampling is performed 128 times in a week) and equal-time-interval sampling (sampling time interval is 1/128 times of total rotation time of the week and sampling is performed 128 times in a week); the cubic spline interpolation used employs true boundary conditions rather than natural boundary conditions.
S104: and respectively calculating the average axis locus by using the equal-angle resampling result of each group of vibration points:
in the process, the theoretical absolute equal-angle sampling data is used for analyzing the axle center track, so that the analysis error caused by unequal sampling angle intervals due to the change of the rotating speed is avoided; the data of 8 continuous rotation periods are used for representing the average axis track of the steam turbine, so that the reliability of the data is improved, and meanwhile, the data volume is reduced, which cannot be realized by a non-equal-angle sampling method.
S105: and respectively calculating the average frequency spectrum and the energy distribution of each frequency multiplication by using the re-sampling result of each group of vibration points at equal time intervals:
calculating the absolute vibration amount A of the k weekik：
According to Δ tkThe spectrum for the k-th week is calculated using a 128-point FFT: fik＝FFT(Aik)；
Calculating the energy distribution of each frequency multiplication:
calculating the average spectrum:
when calculating the frequency spectrum, the frequency spectrum is independently calculated
The method calculates the vibration frequency spectrum of each circle of the turbine rotation and then accumulatively averages the vibration frequency spectrum instead of calculating the frequency spectrum of continuous multiple circles at one time, and has the advantages that the sampling rate of each circle can be different, and the use of the same sampling rate in multiple circles is reducedThe resulting error; when the frequency multiplication energy distribution of shafting vibration is calculated, the vibration frequency spectrum of each circle of turbine rotation is independently calculated, and then accumulated and averaged, so that energy spectrum deviation caused by different rotation speeds of each circle is avoided.
S106: respectively utilizing the original vibration signals X of each group of monitoring pointsiAnd YiCalculating a vibration time domain characteristic value of a common steam turbine shafting:
wherein mean (), rms (), std (), pk (), max (), and min () respectively represent an arithmetic mean value, a root mean square value, a standard deviation, a peak-to-peak value, a maximum value, and a minimum value;
s107: and packaging all the shafting vibration characteristic values into json files, and sending the data to a remote platform through the Internet.
The data transmission avoids sending original vibration data, only sends characteristic values required by data analysis, and greatly reduces the requirement on network bandwidth.
In the method for acquiring and processing the vibration data of the steam turbine shafting, the method further comprises the following steps:
judging the shafting vibration characteristic value according to a preset rule, and if the turbine vibration is in a normal state, waiting for a preset time and then repeatedly executing the first step; and if the vibration of the steam turbine is in an abnormal state, storing the file and all the original vibration data sent in the step seven into a local nonvolatile memory, and repeatedly executing the step one.
The cycle period of the steam turbine data acquisition and processing is variable, the cycle period is longer in a normal state, hardware resources and network overhead can be reduced, the cycle period is shorter in an abnormal state, more key data can be captured, the original data and the processed characteristics can be stored for future reference, and the usability of the method is improved.
In the method for acquiring and processing the vibration data of the steam turbine shafting, the collected steam turbine shaft rotation key phase pulse signals are buffered and output by a steam turbine safety monitoring system or acquired by an eddy current sensor or a transmitter.
In the method for acquiring and processing the vibration data of the steam turbine shafting, the original vibration signals of different vibration points of the steam turbine shaft are acquired through buffer output of a steam turbine safety monitoring system or acquisition of an eddy current sensor or a transmitter.
The method of the invention collects the original vibration signal (from TSI buffer output or vibration sensor) at high speed, preprocesses the signal and resamples the software, extracts the real-time characteristic according to the analysis requirement, standardizes the characteristic value and encrypts and remotely transmits the characteristic value. Respectively and independently carrying out equal-angle and equal-time software resampling on each analysis unit of each channel; the axis track is analyzed by sampling data at the equal angle, so that the analysis error is reduced; when the frequency spectrum is calculated, the vibration frequency spectrum of each circle of rotation of the steam turbine is independently calculated, and then the vibration frequency spectrum is accumulated and averaged, so that the error caused by the fact that the same sampling rate is used for multiple circles is reduced; when data is sent, only characteristic values required by data analysis are sent, original vibration data are prevented from being sent, and the requirement on network bandwidth is greatly reduced.
While the present invention has been described with respect to the embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended that the appended claims cover such variations and modifications as fall within the true spirit of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for acquiring and processing vibration data of a steam turbine shafting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting the key phase pulse signal of the rotation of the shaft of the steam turbine to make the first pulse generated at time t0For the initial time, 10 pulse generation times were recorded continuously, and the resulting pulse time sequence was denoted as Tphase＝[t0,t1,…,t10]；
Step two: from TphaseT in (1)0From time to time t10At the moment, a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (ADC) are used for simultaneously and continuously acquiring original vibration signals of different vibration points of a steam turbine shaft at the frequency of 20kHz, and each vibration point simultaneously acquires vibration signals perpendicular to the shaft directionTwo groups of signals perpendicular to each other, denoted as Xi＝[xi0,xi1,…,xin]，Yi＝[yi0,yi1,…,yin]Simultaneously recording the acquisition time of each element as Tscan＝[ts0,ts1,…,tsn]Wherein x and y represent voltage quantity of vibration amplitude, and n is a non-negative integer;
step three: performing software resampling on the original vibration data, and respectively calculating each group of vibration points:
wherein XiAnd YiDividing the vibration data into eight groups corresponding to the vibration data of the steam turbine rotating from 2 to 9 weeks, wherein k is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 9, and p and q are integers;
calculating an angular velocity analytic expression of the steam turbine at the k-th cycle of rotation: suppose angular acceleration a at this and the previous cyclekIs constant, and the angular velocity at the start of the k-1 th revolution is set to ωk-1Then, according to the physical definition, it can be obtained:
obtaining the initial rotating speed of the previous week and the acceleration of two continuous weeks;
when the angle at the start of each revolution is 0, an arbitrary angle from the revolution to the k-th revolution of the turbine can be obtained by combining the following equation
At the corresponding time
To XikAnd YikAre respectively provided with
Performing cubic spline interpolation fitting, calculating boundary conditions by the final vibration value of the k-1 week and the initial vibration value of the k +1 week to form a corresponding mathematical analytic expression xcalculate＝fikx(t),ycalculate＝fiky(t) wherein xcalculateAnd ycalculateRespectively representing vibration calculation values in X and Y directions at t moment;
for each group XikAnd YikCalculating the k-th week based on the above-mentioned results
(N ∈ N, N < 128) vibration at time:
namely, equal-angle sampling is realized, and 128 points are acquired every week;
for each group XikAnd YikAnd calculating a fixed time interval corresponding to the sampling of the k week equal time interval:
Δtk＝(tk-tk-1)/128
at Δ tkFor resampling time intervals, according to pair XikAnd YikAnd respectively carrying out cubic spline interpolation fitting to obtain a conclusion, carrying out resampling at equal time intervals on the vibration of the kth week according to the following formula, and collecting 128 points in total:
step four: and respectively calculating the average axis locus by using the equal-angle resampling result of each group of vibration points:
step five: and respectively calculating the average frequency spectrum and the energy distribution of each frequency multiplication by using the re-sampling result of each group of vibration points at equal time intervals:
calculating the absolute vibration amount A of the k weekik：
According to Δ tkThe spectrum for the k-th week is calculated using a 128-point FFT: fik＝FFT(Aik)；
Calculating the energy distribution of each frequency multiplication:
calculating the average spectrum:
step six: respectively utilizing the original vibration signals X of each group of monitoring pointsiAnd YiCalculating a vibration time domain characteristic value of a common steam turbine shafting:
wherein mean (), rms (), std (), pk (), max (), and min () respectively represent an arithmetic mean value, a root mean square value, a standard deviation, a peak-to-peak value, a maximum value, and a minimum value;
step seven: and packaging all the shafting vibration characteristic values into json files, and sending the data to a remote platform through the Internet.
2. The steam turbine shafting vibration data acquisition and processing method according to claim 1, further comprising:
judging the shafting vibration characteristic value according to a preset rule, and if the turbine vibration is in a normal state, waiting for a preset time and then repeatedly executing the first step; and if the vibration of the steam turbine is in an abnormal state, storing the file and all the original vibration data sent in the step seven into a local nonvolatile memory, and repeatedly executing the step one.
3. A method of collecting and processing steam turbine shafting vibration data according to claim 1, wherein said collecting steam turbine shaft rotation key phase pulse signals is obtained by a steam turbine safety monitoring system buffer output or an eddy current sensor or a transducer.
4. The method for collecting and processing vibration data of a steam turbine shafting according to claim 1, wherein the raw vibration signals of different vibration points of the steam turbine shaft are collected by a buffer output of a steam turbine safety monitoring system or an eddy current sensor or a transmitter.
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| CN109660258B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2023-02-28 | 四川双元智能科技有限公司 | Method, device and system for synchronously acquiring data with different sampling frequencies through multiple channels |
| CN111103451B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2022-03-18 | 岭澳核电有限公司 | Method and device for processing signals for measuring scratches of steam turbine rotor of nuclear power station |
| CN111736014B (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-11-24 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Frequency signal acquisition and data processing method and device |
| CN112040433B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2023-09-01 | 北京小明智铁科技有限公司 | Data processing method and device |
| CN112686181B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2023-06-23 | 西安理工大学 | Hydraulic turbine fault diagnosis method based on interpolation axis track |
| CN113405652B (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-08-16 | 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 | Key phase-based equal-phase processing method for runout waveform of hydroelectric generating set |
| CN113654771B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2024-05-17 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Formatting method and system for vibration waveform of spring type operating mechanism |
| CN114858429A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-08-05 | 国家电网有限公司 | Equal-angle sampling method and order tracking analysis method for vibration signals of rotary machine |
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