CN108825434B - Fan variable pitch optimization method based on wind wheel kinetic energy smooth power control - Google Patents
Fan variable pitch optimization method based on wind wheel kinetic energy smooth power control Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
- F03D7/043—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
- F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/304—Spool rotational speed
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wind turbine kinetic energy smooth power control-based fan variable pitch optimization method, aiming at the problem that a fan frequently changes pitch under a high wind speed wind condition, the method fully utilizes the large rotational inertia wind turbine kinetic energy buffering/releasing action under any pitch angle on the basis of realizing smooth output power based on wind turbine kinetic energy buffering to realize the rotating speed interval control of the fan under any pitch angle; the variable speed regulation is matched with the variable pitch regulation, the variable speed regulation is smooth, the wind power fluctuation caused by small-amplitude and high-frequency wind speed fluctuation is caused, and the variable pitch regulation deals with large-amplitude and low-frequency wind speed change. The invention effectively reduces the amplitude and frequency of the variable pitch action, reduces the fatigue degree and blade load of the variable pitch servo mechanism and prolongs the service life of the fan while not enlarging the influence of power fluctuation on the frequency of a power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fan control, and particularly relates to a fan variable pitch optimization method based on wind wheel kinetic energy smooth power control.
Background
The output of the wind turbine generator has obvious intermittent and random fluctuation characteristics. With the large-scale and high-permeability access of the power grid, the large fluctuation of the wind power from the second level to the minute level causes the power system to face a more severe frequency stability problem. Therefore, the wind turbine generator abandons traditional maximum wind energy capture, and adopts smooth power control, so that the wind turbine generator becomes one of effective ways for relieving the frequency modulation pressure of the power grid.
At present, methods for realizing smooth output of a wind turbine generator mainly can be divided into two categories: a smooth power method relying on external energy storage and a method relying on fan control. For the former, although the wind power fluctuation can be effectively relieved by utilizing the energy cache of the energy storage device, the power generation cost and the operation and maintenance difficulty of the wind power plant are greatly increased. Therefore, methods relying on fan control have become a current focus of research, considering that large moment of inertia wind wheels can also be used as energy buffers.
The power smoothing by means of fan control mainly comprises a priority pitch angle control and a priority rotational speed control. The former changes the input pneumatic power by adjusting the pitch angle, the excessively frequent pitch angle action of which inevitably increases the fatigue of the pitch servo and the blade load. In contrast, the preferential rotating speed control not only realizes the smooth output of the wind power, but also effectively reduces the action amount of the pitch angle by alternately accumulating and releasing the kinetic energy of the wind wheel. This will facilitate engineering applications of smooth power control.
However, the study found that: because the kinetic energy is buffered by using the acceleration of the wind wheel, the wind turbine adopting smooth power control is often easy to accelerate to the rated rotating speed. Reaching the upper limit of the rotating speed not only makes the kinetic energy buffering of the wind wheel invalid, but also changes the key point of the fan control into the constant rotating speed control only depending on the pitch regulation. At this time, the wind turbine still needs frequent and massive pitch angle adjustment to avoid overspeed of the wind turbine, which also increases fatigue and blade load of the pitch servo mechanism. The reason for this is that the conventional smoothing power method is limited to independent application of variable speed control and variable pitch control, so that only the wind wheel with a pitch angle of zero degrees is used as a kinetic energy buffer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wind turbine kinetic energy smooth power control-based fan variable pitch optimization method, wherein a wind turbine with any pitch angle is used as kinetic energy buffer, and variable speed adjustment and variable pitch adjustment are performed alternately, so that the action amplitude and frequency of the pitch angle are reduced to a great extent, and the action pressure and blade load of a variable pitch servo mechanism are reduced.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a wind turbine kinetic energy smooth power control-based fan variable pitch optimization method comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining structural parameters and pneumatic parameters of a fan, wherein the structural parameters comprise the radius R of a blade of the fan and the rated rotating speed omegarateThe aerodynamic parameters comprise air density rho and optimal tip speed ratio lambdaoptAnd maximum wind energy utilization coefficient Cpmax；
Step 3, according to the rotation speed signal omegarSelecting a pitch angle control mode when ω islim.l≤ωr≤ωlim.uWhen, mode 1 is selected: in the constant pitch angle mode, entering step 6, otherwise, entering step 4;
step 4, according to the rotation speed signal omegarSelecting a pitch angle control mode when ω isr＞ωlim.uWhen, mode 2 is selected: the pitch angle mode is adjusted upwards, step 6 is carried out, and otherwise, step 5 is carried out;
step 6, obtain reference pitch angle command βref。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1) the invention provides a fan variable pitch optimization method based on wind wheel kinetic energy smooth power control, which solves the problem that the conventional method frequently changes the pitch under the condition of high wind speed; 2) the invention discloses a wind turbine kinetic energy smooth power control-based wind turbine variable pitch optimization method, which uses a wind turbine with any pitch angle (zero degree and non-zero degree) as kinetic energy buffer, can greatly reduce the amplitude and frequency of pitch angle action and reduce the action pressure and blade load of a variable pitch servo mechanism while ensuring that the influence of power fluctuation on the frequency of a power grid is not enlarged.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a wind turbine kinetic energy smoothing power control-based wind turbine pitch optimization method of the present invention.
Fig. 2(a) -2 (c) are experimental results of validity verification of the present invention, where fig. 2(a) is graphs of wind speed sequence, rotation speed, pitch angle and power of a wind turbine simulator in the method of the present invention and the existing method, fig. 2(b) is a graph comparing the magnitude of torque caused to the root of a blade in the method of the present invention and the existing method when the blade is pitched, and fig. 2(c) is a graph comparing frequency fluctuation of wind turbine output power introduced into a power grid in the method of the present invention and the existing method.
Detailed Description
With reference to fig. 1, a wind turbine kinetic energy smooth power control-based fan pitch optimization method includes the following steps:
step 1, obtaining structural parameters and pneumatic parameters of a fan, wherein the structural parameters comprise the radius R of a blade of the fan and the rated rotating speed omegarateThe aerodynamic parameters comprise air density rho and optimal tip speed ratio lambdaoptAnd maximum wind energy utilization coefficient Cpmax；
Step 3, according to the rotation speed signal omegarSelecting a pitch angle control mode when ω islim.l≤ωr≤ωlim.uWhen, mode 1 is selected: in the constant pitch angle mode, entering step 6, otherwise, entering step 4;
step 4, according to the rotation speed signal omegarSelecting a pitch angle control mode when ω isr＞ωlim.uWhen, mode 2 is selected: the pitch angle mode is adjusted upwards, step 6 is carried out, and otherwise, step 5 is carried out;
step 6, obtain reference pitch angle command βref。
Further, the smooth power control method based on the kinetic energy of the wind wheel and the rotating speed interval [ omega ] in the step 2lim.l,ωlim.u]The specific determination method is as follows:
the output power of the fan is smooth based on the kinetic energy of the wind wheel, and the output power is smooth by means of the kinetic energy buffering function of the wind wheel. When the wind speed increases, the rotating speed of the fan is increased, and kinetic energy is stored. When the wind speed is reduced, the rotating speed of the fan is reduced, and kinetic energy is released. Its essence is to wind wheel rotation speed omegarSmoothing, reference speed omega after smoothingrefThe specific calculation is as follows:
the maximum output power P of the fan is under the maximum power point tracking control modemaxIs composed of
Pmax＝Teωopt
Wherein, TeIs the electromagnetic torque, ωoptIs the optimum rotational speed.
Average value of maximum output power of fan in period T
Is composed of
Where T represents the current time and T represents the period.
The kinetic energy E of the rotor is defined as
Wherein, JgRepresenting the moment of inertia of the generator, JωRepresenting the moment of inertia of the rotor, Jg+JωRepresenting the equivalent moment of inertia of the fan.
Reference rotating speed omega of smoothed wind wheelrefIs calculated as
Wherein △ P represents the maximum output power PmaxAnd the average value in the maximum output power period T
E represents the wind wheel kinetic energy.
In order to avoid the instability of the fan caused by over-low rotating speed, the lower limit value omega of the rotating speed interval of stable operation of the fan is setlim.l. In the invention, the lower limit value of the rotating speed interval is set as omegalim.l＝0.7ωrateThe upper limit value of the rotation speed interval is set to be omegalim.u＝ωrate。
Further, the specific form of the constant pitch angle pattern in step 3:
when ω islim.l≤ωr≤ωlim.uAnd in the process, the pitch angle of the fan is kept unchanged, and the kinetic energy buffering effect of the wind wheel with any pitch angle is fully utilized to smooth the output power of the fan.
Further, the specific form of the pitch angle mode is adjusted up in step 4:
when ω isr＞ωlim.uIn order to prevent the rotating speed of the wind wheel from exceeding the rated rotating speed, wind energy capture is reduced by adjusting the pitch angle upwardsCoefficient, thus reducing the rotor speed, the pitch angle is given by:
βref＝KuP(ωr-ωlim.u)+KuI∫(ωr-ωlim.u)dt
wherein, KuP、KuIRespectively, a proportionality coefficient and an integral coefficient in the process of adjusting the pitch angle.
Further, the specific form of the down-regulation pitch angle mode in step 5 is as follows:
when ω isr<ωlim.lIn the process, the wind turbine is shut down for preventing the rotating speed of the wind turbine from being too low, the wind energy capture coefficient is increased by adjusting the pitch angle downwards, so that the rotating speed of the wind turbine is increased, and the given form of the pitch angle is as follows:
βref＝KlP(ωr-ωlim.l)+KlI∫(ωr-ωlim.l)dt
wherein, KlP、KlIProportional coefficient and integral coefficient in the process of adjusting pitch angle downwards respectively
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples:
examples
The control effect is simulated by using open-source professional wind turbine simulation software FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence) provided by National Energy department Renewable Energy laboratory (NRE L). A wind turbine model adopts a 600kW CART3 test model developed by NRE L, and specific parameters are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 NRE L600 kW CART3 wind turbine key parameters
Wind wheel rotating speed omegarAs input, output torque command
And pitch angle instructions βrefAnd then the two instructions are respectively sent to the generator and the pitch servoAnd (4) taking the clothes.
The smooth power control method based on wind wheel kinetic energy is realized and the rotating speed interval of the variable pitch optimization method is determined as follows:
the maximum output power P of the fan is under the maximum power point tracking control modemaxIs composed of
Pmax＝Teωopt
Wherein, TeIs the electromagnetic torque, ωoptIs the optimum rotational speed.
Average value of maximum output power of fan in period T
Is composed of
Where T represents the current time and T represents the period.
The kinetic energy E of the rotor is defined as
Wherein, JgRepresenting the moment of inertia of the generator, JωRepresenting the moment of inertia of the rotor, Jg+JωRepresenting the equivalent moment of inertia of the fan.
Reference rotating speed omega of smoothed wind wheelrefIs calculated as
Wherein △ P represents the maximum output power PmaxAnd the average value in the maximum output power period T
E represents the wind wheel kinetic energy.
The rotating speed interval of the wind turbine kinetic energy smooth power control-based fan variable pitch optimization method is determined as follows:
in order to avoid the instability of the fan caused by over-low rotating speed, the lower limit value omega of the rotating speed interval of the stable operation of the fan is setlim.l. Usually, the lower limit value of the rotation speed interval is set to ωlim.l＝0.7ωrateThe upper limit value of the rotation speed interval is set to be omegalim.u＝ωrate。
In the formula, the proportionality coefficient KuP、KlPAnd integral coefficient KuI、KlIIs a constant parameter.
Then, the operation mode of the fan is determined according to the change condition of the rotating speed, and the specific flow chart is shown in fig. 1.
Mode 1: when ω isr＞ωlim.uWhen the wind turbine is in the pitch angle up-regulation stage;
mode 2: when ω isr<ωlim.lWhen the wind turbine is in the pitch angle down-regulation stage;
mode 3: when ω islim.l≤ωr≤ωlim.uAnd in the process, the pitch angle of the fan is kept unchanged, and the kinetic energy buffering effect of the wind wheel with any pitch angle is fully utilized to smooth the output power of the fan.
And finally, carrying out experimental verification on the invention through a fan simulator platform. And (3) selecting a 600s turbulence wind speed sequence, and respectively carrying out experiments on the existing method and the improved method provided by the invention, wherein the experimental results are shown in the figures 2(a) to 2 (c). The curves in fig. 2(a) are respectively a wind speed sequence, a rotating speed, a pitch angle and a power signal, a real straight line in a rotating speed diagram is a set upper rotating speed limit, a virtual straight line in the rotating speed diagram is a set lower rotating speed limit, the rotating speed operation range of the method provided by the invention is wider than that of the existing method, the pitch angle is kept constant for a long time, and the pitch frequency is lower than that of the existing method. Fig. 2(b) shows a comparison of the torque applied to the blade root by the method of the present invention and the conventional method, and it can be seen that the blade root load of the method of the present invention is lower than that of the conventional method. Fig. 2(c) shows the influence of the power fluctuation output by the two methods on the grid frequency after the power fluctuation is introduced into the grid model, and the virtual straight line at ± 0.2Hz is the maximum allowable frequency deviation of the grid, and it can be seen that the influence of the two methods on the grid frequency is within the allowable range.
The experimental results show that the wind turbine kinetic energy smooth power control-based fan pitch variation optimization method can effectively reduce the amplitude and frequency of the pitch angle action, and further verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the improvement method.
Claims (1)
1. A wind turbine kinetic energy smooth power control-based fan variable pitch optimization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, obtaining structural parameters and pneumatic parameters of a fan, wherein the structural parameters comprise the radius R of a blade of the fan and the rated rotating speed omegarateThe aerodynamic parameters comprise air density rho and optimal tip speed ratio lambdaoptAnd maximum wind energy utilization coefficient Cpmax；
Step 2, determining a rotation speed interval [ omega ] without variable pitch based on a smooth power control method of wind wheel kinetic energylim.l,ωlim.u](ii) a The specific process is as follows:
to wind wheel rotating speed omegarSmoothing, reference speed omega after smoothingrefThe specific calculation is as follows:
the maximum output power P of the fan is under the maximum power point tracking control modemaxIs composed of
Pmax＝Teωopt
Wherein, TeIs the electromagnetic torque, ωoptIs the optimum rotational speed;
average value of maximum output power of fan in period T
Is composed of
Wherein T represents the current time and T represents the period;
the kinetic energy E of the rotor is defined as
Wherein, JgRepresenting the moment of inertia of the generator, JωRepresenting the moment of inertia of the rotor, Jg+JωRepresenting the equivalent rotational inertia of the fan;
reference rotating speed omega of smoothed wind wheelrefIs calculated as
Wherein Δ P represents the maximum output power PmaxAnd the average value in the maximum output power period T
E represents the wind wheel kinetic energy;
setting lower limit value omega of rotating speed interval of stable operation of fanlim.l＝0.7ωrateUpper limit value omega of the rotation speed intervallim.u＝ωrate；
Step 3, according to the rotation speed signal omegarSelecting a pitch angle control mode when ω islim.l≤ωr≤ωlim.uWhen, mode 1 is selected: in the constant pitch angle mode, entering step 6, otherwise, entering step 4; specific forms of constant pitch angle mode: the pitch angle of the fan is kept unchanged;
step 4, according to the rotation speed signal omegarSelecting a pitch angle control mode when ω isr＞ωlim.uWhen, mode 2 is selected: the pitch angle mode is adjusted upwards, step 6 is carried out, and otherwise, step 5 is carried out; specific forms of the up-regulation pitch-angle mode:
the wind energy capture coefficient is reduced by adjusting the pitch angle up, thereby reducing the rotor speed, the given form of pitch angle being:
βref＝KuP(ωr-ωlim.u)+KuI∫(ωr-ωlim.u)dt
wherein, KuP、KuIRespectively is a proportionality coefficient and an integral coefficient in the process of adjusting the pitch angle;
step 5, according to the rotation speed signal omegarSelecting a pitch angle control mode when ω isr＜ωlim.lWhen, mode 3 is selected: a pitch angle mode is adjusted downwards, and step 6 is entered; specific forms of the down-pitch angle mode:
the wind energy capture coefficient is increased by adjusting the pitch angle downwards, so that the rotating speed of the wind wheel is increased, and the given form of the pitch angle is as follows:
βref＝KlP(ωr-ωlim.l)+KlI∫(ωr-ωlim.l)dt
wherein, KlP、KlIRespectively is a proportional coefficient and an integral coefficient in the process of adjusting the pitch angle downwards;
step 6, obtain reference pitch angle command βref。
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| CN111336062B (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-11-09 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华中电力试验研究院 | Wind generating set maximum wind energy capture method based on measured wind speed |
| CN112664393B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2023-01-20 | 南京理工大学 | Fan active power control method based on maximum invariant paddle wind speed range index |
| CN116591895A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-08-15 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Active power control method and system for wind turbine generator |
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