A kind of oyster shell soil conditioner and preparation method thereof and purposes in Rice Cropping
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil improvement recovery technique, especially a kind of oyster shell soil conditioner and preparation method thereof and
The purposes of Rice Cropping.
Background technique
Acidified soil area in China's accounts for about the 23% of national total area, is mainly distributed on the south the Changjiang river up to 200,000,000 hectares at present
14 provinces and regions, wherein pH<6.5 soil ratio is extended to 65%, pH by 52% before 30 years<5.5 soil is expanded by 20%
Greatly to 40%, pH<4.5 soil is extended to 4% by 1%.Soil acidification will will lead to Nutrient Elements in Soil loss, toxic heavy
The solubility of metallic compound increases, and soil fertility reduces, and soil texture is deteriorated, and influences ground crop growthing development, sternly
The sustainable development of the recasting about grain security in China and agricultural.
According to statistics, China is by the cultivated area of the heavy metal pollutions such as Cd, AS, Cr, Pb close to 2 × 10hm2, it is total to account for about arable land
The 1/5 of area.Heavy metal element is not only with single-element contaminated soil, while when various heavy coexists in the soil, they
Between there is also collaboration, antagonism, be further exacerbated by the combined pollution of soil.Every year because heavy metal pollution causes grain to subtract
It produces more than 1 × 107Ton, and the contaminated by heavy metals grain that cannot be eaten then is up to 1.2 × 107Ton adds up to economic loss at least
20000000000 yuan (Agricultural Sustainable Development in China and overall national strength study group, 1995).In Toyama County, Japan " ostalgia occurs for the sixties
Disease ", be caused by edible " Cd meters " produced by the soil of Cd contaminated wastewater of local resident (《Heavy-metal contaminated soil
Phytoremediation research》, Jiang Xianjun etc.,《Soil》, the 2nd phase in 2000).And the current rice cadmium excessive problem in China is also more and more prominent
Out, the ground such as China Hunan, Guangdong expose rice " heavy metal cadmium " event, the rice main product of Heilongjiang Province three in 2016 in succession
Area's heavy metal cadmium it is exceeded (《Heavy metal lead, cadmium, chromium content status investigation in the different producing area polished rice of Heilungkiang》, Xie Feng is graceful etc.,
《Food industry》, 02 phase in 2018), in one, the persimmon bamboo plantation periphery in Chenzhou, Hunan Province area village, local resident passes through rice and vegetable
The average daily cadmium intake of dish up to 596 micrograms (cadmium rice is worth whole society's concern, ten thousand big vast richnesses etc., democracy and science, 2016 the 6th
Phase).The problem for showing that cadmium content is exceeded in soil is urgently to be resolved.
China's oyster culture amount ranks first in the world.According to statistics, national oyster yield in 2016 reaches 483.50 ten thousand tons, accounts for generation
The 81.50% of boundary's total output.Coastal area oyster shell is resourceful, only by taking Zhangzhou City Zhaoan County as an example, as Fujian Province's maximum
Oyster hanging culture base, Zhaoan produces 9.2 ten thousand tons of oyster per year, but leaves the oyster shell more than 80,000 tons, and oyster shell once no
To being effectively treated, solid waste just will become, it is difficult to be cleared up in a short time by environment.The processing mode of oyster shell is still at present
The stage that oyster shell is poured into sea is rested on, this will cause larger solid pollution to marine environment.
Oyster shell is to be adjusted to be formed by biomineralization by organic matter, i.e., with a small amount of organic matter macromolecular (protein, sugared egg
White or polysaccharide) it is frame, molecule manipulation, the multiple microlayer structures of the high-sequential of composition are carried out as unit of calcium carbonate.Oyster
Main component in shell is calcium carbonate, and calcium carbonate accounts for 90% or more of oyster shell quality.Oyster shell contain the organic matters such as nitrogen, phosphorus and
Mineral element necessary to the biological growths such as calcium abundant, potassium, iron, magnesium, sodium, therefore can directly be applied using oyster shell as fertilizer
In soil.Oyster shell lacks calcium carbonate to improvement and in acid soil, effect is particularly evident in alkalinity.Oyster shell it is natural
Porous structure have certain suction-operated, by fertilizer it is in combination after, be conducive to the rate of release for slowing down fertilizer, can play
Fertilizer conservation and the effect for improving utilization rate of fertilizer.
Soil is improved using oyster shell in the prior art there are calcination temperature height, consume energy high problem, and in high temperature
The oyster shell of lower calcining, microcellular structure distribution is simultaneously uneven, influences improved effect.If reducing temperature, Decomposition of Calcium Carbonate does not fill
Point, the microcellular structure of oyster shell is difficult to be formed, and calcium oxide content is relatively low in product, unfavorable to soil enrichment.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, provides a kind of oyster shell soil conditioner
And preparation method thereof and Rice Cropping purposes.
Oyster shell can be to improve soil, it is important that the reason of be absorption of the microcellular structure to heavy metals in soil
Effect and to the fixed effect of nutrient.In terms of playing suction-operated, just right microcellular structure has adsorption effect
Larger impact.In the present invention, step 1) staged high-temperature calcination, compared with Conventional calcination technique, effect is to make oyster hull shape
At size distribution, uniform, a large amount of microcellular structures of the pore size at 5 μm or so, dramatically increase oyster shell soil conditioner calcium oxide
Content, calcination time is short and temperature is low, more energy saving.Preferably, the first calcination temperature is 450-530 DEG C, second calcining
Temperature is 980-1030 DEG C, calcines the microcellular structure more crypto set of acquisition at this time, micropore is more;It is highly preferred that the first calcination temperature
It is 500 DEG C, second calcination temperature is 1000 DEG C, and effect of the aperture obtained at this time in conjunction with organic matter is preferable.
Step 3) mixes oyster shell and organic composition, and compared with prior art, effect is organic composition packet
It is contained in oyster shell microcellular structure, not easily runs off, more preferably play the effect increase soil fertility.70-80 parts of oyster shell, organic matter
20-30 parts of ingredient, 100 parts are amounted to, can utmostly guarantee that organic composition is included in oyster while increasing soil fertility
In shell microcellular structure.Organic composition is more than 30 parts of meetings because organic composition is excessive, causes some organic compositions that cannot include
In oyster shell microcellular structure.
In uniform, a large amount of microcellular structures of the pore size at 5 μm or so by staged high-temperature calcination acquisition size distribution
Oyster shell after, how to realize oyster shell to nutrient it is lasting, to be effectively fixed be another critical issue of the invention.
Crushing operation preferably uses micronizer to crush oyster shell and organic composition in step 3), can form the smaller ultra micro of partial size
Powder is included in organic composition in oyster shell microcellular structure, not easily runs off, persistently provide soil fertility, overcome existing oyster
Shell soil conditioner fertility effect and the not good enough technological deficiency of persistence.It is granulated in step 4) and is preferably input to the mixture
Steam granulation is carried out in rotary drum granulator, grain diameter, which is blown into drying machine with hot wind after 1-2mm, makes particle drying, after dry
Particle is further continued for carrying out steam granulation, and grain diameter, which is blown into drying machine with hot wind after 4-5mm, makes particle drying, with the prior art
Compare, this compartment is granulated by several times can make oyster shell soil conditioner compactibility more preferable, can slow release in the soil, hold
Long property is stronger.
Concrete scheme is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of oyster shell soil conditioner, includes the following steps:
Oyster shell is carried out staged high-temperature calcination by step 1), and the staged high-temperature calcination includes two calcination temperatures:
First calcination temperature and the second calcination temperature, first calcination temperature are 300-550 DEG C, and second calcination temperature is 900-
1200 DEG C, the cooling oyster shell for obtaining staged high-temperature calcination;
One of waste that step 2) takes the cultivation of fish, shrimp, shellfish, algae or livestock and poultry animal or process to generate or one
Kind or more, it is dry to obtain organic matter;
Step 3) mixes the oyster shell of staged high-temperature calcination in step 1) with the organic matter in step 2), crushes,
Mixture is made, wherein the oyster shell of the staged high-temperature calcination accounts for the 70%-80% of the mixture total weight;
The mixture in step 3) is granulated to get oyster shell soil conditioner by step 4).
Further, the first calcination temperature described in step 1) is 450-530 DEG C, and second calcination temperature is 980-
1030℃。
Further, staged high-temperature calcination described in step 1) is first to be warming up to 500 with the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min
DEG C, 10min is kept the temperature, then be warming up to 1000 DEG C with the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 10min.
Further, the oyster shell of staged high-temperature calcination described in step 3) account for the mixture total weight 73% or
75%.
Further, it is crushed in step 3) and uses micronizer.
Further, the mode of granulation described in step 4) is that the mixture is input in rotary drum granulator to steam
Vapour is granulated, and grain diameter, which is blown into drying machine with hot wind after 1-2mm, makes particle drying, and the particle after drying is further continued for carrying out steam
It is granulated, grain diameter, which is blown into drying machine with hot wind after 4-5mm, makes particle drying.
The present invention also protects a kind of oyster shell soil conditioner, utilizes the preparation method of the oyster shell soil conditioner
It is made.
The present invention also protects the purposes of the oyster shell soil conditioner, for improving the soil of rice cultivation.
Further, it is 100kg/ that the oyster shell soil conditioner, which is applied to the amount of application in the soil of rice cultivation,
Mu.
Further, after using the oyster shell soil conditioner, soil available Cd content is reduced, soil pH liter
Height, produced Cd concentration of brown rice decline.
Beneficial effect:Oyster shell soil conditioner of the invention uses staged high-temperature calcination oyster shell, improves product
Microcellular structure, sufficiently combined with organic matter, oyster shell improvement soil effect can be obviously improved, can be reduced in rice soil effectively
State cadmium content improves soil pH, significantly reduces Cd concentration of brown rice.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope diagram (5000 times of amplification) for not calcining oyster shell that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides;
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope diagram (amplification for the staged high-temperature calcination oyster shell that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides
5000 times).
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further elaborated below with reference to embodiment.Particular technique or item are not specified in embodiment
Part person described technology or conditions or carries out according to the literature in the art according to product description.Agents useful for same or instrument
Production firm person is not specified in device, and being can be with conventional products that are commercially available.
Embodiment 1
(1) oyster shell is sent into high temperature furnace, is first warming up to 500 DEG C with the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min, keep the temperature 10min,
1000 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min again, keeps the temperature 10min, cooled to room temperature obtains staged high-temperature calcination
Oyster shell.
(2) it takes fish, shrimp process waste dry, obtains organic matter.
(3) it by 70 parts and 30 parts of the organic matter mixing of the oyster shell of staged high-temperature calcination, is crushed, is mixed using micronizer
It closes uniformly, mixture is made.
(4) the resulting mixture of upper step is input in rotary drum granulator and carries out steam granulation, grain diameter is after 1-2mm
Being blown into drying machine with hot wind makes particle drying, is further continued for carrying out steam granulation, grain diameter is blown into drying with hot wind after 4-5mm
Machine makes particle drying to get oyster shell soil conditioner.
The oyster shell of staged high-temperature calcination forms a large amount of microcellular structures of the size at 5 μm or so, scanning electron microscopy
Mirror figure is not as shown in Fig. 2, calcine oyster shell compared to shown in FIG. 1, the oyster shell pore structure of staged high-temperature calcination has aobvious
Work increases, and size, is evenly distributed.
Embodiment 2
(1) oyster shell is sent into high temperature furnace, is first warming up to 450 DEG C with the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min, keep the temperature 10min,
1030 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min again, keeps the temperature 10min, cooled to room temperature obtains staged high-temperature calcination
Oyster shell.
(2) it takes shellfish, algae process waste dry, obtains organic matter.
(3) it by 75 parts and 25 parts of the organic matter mixing of the oyster shell of staged high-temperature calcination, is crushed, is mixed using micronizer
It closes uniformly, mixture is made.
(4) the resulting mixture of upper step is input in rotary drum granulator and carries out steam granulation, grain diameter is after 1-2mm
Being blown into drying machine with hot wind makes particle drying, is further continued for carrying out steam granulation, grain diameter is blown into drying with hot wind after 4-5mm
Machine makes particle drying to get oyster shell soil conditioner.
Embodiment 3
(1) oyster shell is sent into high temperature furnace, is first warming up to 530 DEG C with the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min, keep the temperature 10min,
980 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min again, keeps the temperature 10min, cooled to room temperature obtains staged high-temperature calcination
Oyster shell.
(2) it takes poultry farming process waste dry, obtains organic matter.
(3) it by 70 parts and 30 parts of the organic matter mixing of the oyster shell of staged high-temperature calcination, is crushed, is mixed using micronizer
It closes uniformly, mixture is made.
(4) the resulting mixture of upper step is input in rotary drum granulator and carries out steam granulation, grain diameter is after 1-2mm
Being blown into drying machine with hot wind makes particle drying, is further continued for carrying out steam granulation, grain diameter is blown into drying with hot wind after 4-5mm
Machine makes particle drying to get oyster shell soil conditioner.
Embodiment 4
(1) oyster shell is sent into high temperature furnace, is first warming up to 300 DEG C with the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min, keep the temperature 10min,
1200 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min again, keeps the temperature 10min, cooled to room temperature obtains staged high-temperature calcination
Oyster shell.
(2) it takes the waste on pig farm dry, obtains organic matter.
(3) it by 73 parts and 27 parts of the organic matter mixing of the oyster shell of staged high-temperature calcination, is crushed, is mixed using micronizer
It closes uniformly, mixture is made.
(4) the resulting mixture of upper step is input in rotary drum granulator and carries out steam granulation, grain diameter is after 1-2mm
Being blown into drying machine with hot wind makes particle drying, is further continued for carrying out steam granulation, grain diameter is blown into drying with hot wind after 4-5mm
Machine makes particle drying to get oyster shell soil conditioner.
Embodiment 5
(1) oyster shell is sent into high temperature furnace, is first warming up to 550 DEG C with the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min, keep the temperature 10min,
900 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min again, keeps the temperature 10min, cooled to room temperature obtains staged high-temperature calcination
Oyster shell.
(2) it takes processing of poultry process waste dry, obtains organic matter.
(3) it by 80 parts and 20 parts of the organic matter mixing of the oyster shell of staged high-temperature calcination, is crushed, is mixed using micronizer
It closes uniformly, mixture is made.
(4) the resulting mixture of upper step is input in rotary drum granulator and carries out steam granulation, grain diameter is after 1-2mm
Being blown into drying machine with hot wind makes particle drying, is further continued for carrying out steam granulation, grain diameter is blown into drying with hot wind after 4-5mm
Machine makes particle drying to get oyster shell soil conditioner.
Comparative example 1
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is that step (1) replaces with:Oyster shell is sent into high temperature furnace,
1000 DEG C are warming up to, 30min, cooled to room temperature, the oyster shell for staged high-temperature calcination in replacement step (3) are kept the temperature
It is mixed with organic matter.
After 1000 DEG C of calcining 30min, compared to the oyster shell of the staged high-temperature calcination in embodiment 1, in oyster shell
There are hole configurationss, but hole is not intensive, relatively disperse, staged high-temperature calcination boring ratio comparatively dense.
Field trial
Rice using the oyster shell soil conditioner of embodiment 1,2 and comparative example 1 in Changsha, Hunan Beishan Mountain town tries
It tests field and carries out field trial, the soil basic condition in experimental plot is the full cadmium content 0.53mg/kg of soil, effective cadmium content of soil
0.31mg/kg, soil pH 5.51.
Oyster shell soil conditioner method of administration:Base is turned in conjunction with rice field and is applied within 7 days before rice transplanting, make oyster shell soil tune
Reason agent is uniformly mixed with soil, and 100kg/ mus of Fertilizer in Rice dosage, conventional blank control processing group does not apply oyster shell soil agent, field
Between manage and routinely manage.
After the completion of rice test, paddy and pedotheque are taken by multidraw method point, is detected immediately after all samples sampling
Soil pH, effective cadmium content of soil and Cd concentration of brown rice.With rice, cadmium rate, the effective cadmium content of soil range of decrease, soil pH drop
Incrementss are that index system carries out effect assessment, and detection method and each index calculating method are as follows:
The measuring method of soil pH uses People's Republic of China's agricultural industry criteria《NY/T 1377-2007 soil pH
Measurement》.The measuring method of soil available Cd content uses National Standard of the People's Republic of China《GB/T 23739-2009
Soil quality Available Lead and Cadmium detrmination atomic absorption method》.The measuring method of cadmium content is using Chinese people's republicanism in rice
State's national standard《The measurement of GB 5009.15-2014 national food safety standard cadmium in foods》.
Cadmium rate drops in rice:(the Cd concentration of brown rice of conventional blank control processing group-oyster shell soil conditioner processing rice
Cadmium content)/conventional blank control processing group Cd concentration of brown rice * 100%;
The effective cadmium content of soil range of decrease:(the effective cadmium content of soil of conventional blank control processing group-oyster shell soil
The effective cadmium content of soil of conditioner processing)/conventional blank control processing group effective cadmium content of soil * 100%;
Soil pH increment:Soil pH-routine blank control processing group soil pH of oyster shell soil conditioner processing.
The results are shown in Table 1:
1 table of field test results of table
Field test results show that the oyster shell soil conditioner of the method for the invention preparation can reduce in rice soil
Available Cd content improves soil pH, significantly reduces Cd concentration of brown rice.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above in detail, still, during present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above
Detail within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention can be with various simple variants of the technical solution of the present invention are made, this
A little simple variants all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
It is further to note that specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments, in not lance
In the case where shield, it can be combined in any appropriate way.In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention to it is various can
No further explanation will be given for the combination of energy.
In addition, various embodiments of the present invention can be combined randomly, as long as it is without prejudice to originally
The thought of invention, it should also be regarded as the disclosure of the present invention.