CN108817083B - Preparation method for realizing strong metallurgical bonding of dissimilar metal interface - Google Patents

Preparation method for realizing strong metallurgical bonding of dissimilar metal interface Download PDF

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CN108817083B
CN108817083B CN201810507752.5A CN201810507752A CN108817083B CN 108817083 B CN108817083 B CN 108817083B CN 201810507752 A CN201810507752 A CN 201810507752A CN 108817083 B CN108817083 B CN 108817083B
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dissimilar metal
rolling
plate blank
minutes
metallurgical bonding
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CN108817083A (en
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刘雪峰
石章智
白于良
张丹丹
王浩
杨智研
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/38Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/38Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
    • B21B2001/386Plates

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

A preparation method for realizing strong metallurgical bonding of dissimilar metal interfaces belongs to the technical field of preparation of dissimilar metal composite materials. The method is characterized in that the respective advantages of the existing hot rolling composite method and cold rolling composite method are fully exerted, the defects are overcome, the working procedures of polishing treatment, lamination, room temperature rolling, short-time heating, high temperature rolling and the like are combined, and the high-performance dissimilar metal composite material with the interface realizing strong metallurgical bonding is obtained by coordinately controlling the time, the temperature and the like of each working procedure in the preparation process of the dissimilar metal composite material. The method has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption, short period, less equipment investment, low cost and high efficiency, can realize strong metallurgical bonding of dissimilar metal interfaces only by utilizing the existing polishing equipment, a heating furnace, rolling mills (one rolling mill or two rolling mills randomly arranged) and the like, improves the interface bonding strength of the dissimilar metal composite materials prepared by the existing hot rolling composite method and cold rolling composite method by more than 20-50 percent, and has wider application range of the obtained high-performance dissimilar metal composite materials.

Description

Preparation method for realizing strong metallurgical bonding of dissimilar metal interface
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of dissimilar metal composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method for realizing strong metallurgical bonding of a dissimilar metal interface.
Background
By combining dissimilar metals, the advantages of each group of metals are fully exerted, excellent comprehensive properties which are not possessed by single metal are obtained, and the high-performance dissimilar metal composite material is developed, and is one of research hotspots and important development trends in the field of new material frontiers.
At present, the bonding mode of the dissimilar metal interface mainly comprises two main types of metallurgical bonding and mechanical bonding. The metallurgical bonding is bonding formed by atomic interdiffusion between interfaces of dissimilar metals, and the mechanical bonding is bonding formed by intermeshing of uneven surfaces between interfaces of dissimilar metals. After the dissimilar metal interface forms metallurgical bonding, the composite material has excellent comprehensive performance and good technological performance, can be subjected to various cold and hot pressure processing forming, welding, machining and the like, and has performance greatly superior to that of dissimilar metal with the interface being mechanically bonded.
The firmer the metallurgical bonding of the dissimilar metal interface is, the more excellent the performance thereof is, and the wider the application range of the related dissimilar metal composite material is. Rolling is the most common method for preparing dissimilar metal composite materials in large scale at present, and mainly comprises a hot rolling compounding method and a cold rolling compounding method.
The hot rolling composite method is a method of rolling composite forming of dissimilar metals at high temperature. When hot rolling and compounding are carried out, under the action of high temperature and high pressure, atoms at the interface of dissimilar metals can be diffused quickly, and metallurgical bonding between the interfaces of the dissimilar metals is effectively realized. However, because the thickness of the combined slab used in the general hot rolling compounding is large, the heating temperature before the hot rolling compounding is high (generally more than 1.4 times the recrystallization temperature of the metal blank), the heating time is long (generally 5 to 20 hours, even longer), the energy consumption is large, the period is long, and when the hot rolling compounding forming is carried out on metals with high activity such as aluminum, titanium and the like, a brittle intermetallic compound is easily and rapidly generated at a dissimilar metal interface, so that the metallurgical bonding quality of the dissimilar metal interface is poor, the interface bonding strength is weak, the types of dissimilar metal composite materials prepared by the hot rolling compounding method are few, and the application field is limited.
The cold rolling composite method generally refers to a method of performing rolling composite forming on dissimilar metals at room temperature. When cold rolling and compounding are carried out, rolling and compounding forming of dissimilar metals can be carried out only by polishing and other treatments on the surface to be compounded of the metal blank, and metal blank pretreatment process measures such as vacuum welding and the like are not needed, so that the freedom degree of metal combination is large, and the application range is wide. However, in the cold rolling and cladding, the interface of the dissimilar metals hardly has a diffusion effect, and it is difficult to achieve complete metallurgical bonding. Therefore, after cold rolling and compounding, a high-temperature diffusion heat treatment is often applied for a long time (generally about 10 hours or even longer) so that atomic diffusion occurs at the interface of dissimilar metals to realize metallurgical bonding of the interface; the long-time diffusion heat treatment process has the defects of high energy consumption and long period, and is easy to generate brittle intermetallic compounds on the dissimilar metal interface, so that the metallurgical bonding degree of the dissimilar metal interface is weak, the interface bonding strength is not high, and the development and the application of preparing the dissimilar metal composite material by a cold rolling composite method are seriously influenced.
Therefore, it is of great importance to develop a preparation method that can realize very firm metallurgical bonding (called as "strong metallurgical bonding") between the interfaces of dissimilar metals, and accelerate the development and application and popularization of high-performance dissimilar metal composite materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention gives full play to the respective advantages of the existing hot rolling composite method and cold rolling composite method of dissimilar metal composite materials, overcomes the defects, organically combines the two methods, realizes the strong metallurgical bonding of dissimilar metal interfaces by coordinately controlling the time, temperature and the like of each procedure in the preparation process of the dissimilar metal composite materials, develops a preparation method for realizing the strong metallurgical bonding of the dissimilar metal interfaces, solves the problems that the interface bonding quality of the dissimilar metal composite materials prepared by the existing hot rolling composite method or cold rolling composite method is difficult to meet higher use requirements and the like, and obtains the high-performance dissimilar metal composite materials of which the dissimilar metal interfaces realize the strong metallurgical bonding.
A preparation method for realizing strong metallurgical bonding of dissimilar metal interfaces is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1. performing room-temperature mechanical polishing treatment on the surface to be compounded of the metal plate blank with a clean surface in parallel to the length direction of the metal plate blank within 0.1-10 minutes;
2. then, stacking 2-10 layers of metal plate blanks within 1-15 minutes to form a combined plate blank;
3. then sending the combined plate blank to a rolling mill with tension at an inlet and an outlet for rolling at room temperature within 1-15 minutes to obtain a composite plate blank with an interface realizing mechanical combination;
4. then heating the composite plate blank for 10-40 minutes in a heating furnace at 1.05-1.2 times of recrystallization temperature;
5. and finally, conveying the heated composite plate blank to a rolling mill with an outlet with tension for high-temperature rolling within 0.01-5 minutes to obtain the dissimilar metal composite plate with the interface realizing strong metallurgical bonding.
The metal can be copper, aluminum, magnesium, iron, titanium, nickel, zinc, tin, gold, silver, zirconium and alloys thereof, and can also be steel and metal composites.
Compared with the existing preparation method of the dissimilar metal composite material, the preparation method of the dissimilar metal composite material has the advantages that the grinding treatment, the lamination, the room-temperature rolling, the short-time heating, the high-temperature rolling and other processes are combined, the preparation method of the dissimilar metal composite material is simple in process, low in energy consumption, short in period, low in equipment investment, low in cost and high in efficiency, and the composite forming can be completed only by using the existing grinding equipment, a heating furnace, a rolling mill (one rolling mill or two rolling mills which are randomly arranged) and the like. When the thickness of a combined plate blank formed by the dissimilar metals is large at the beginning, cold rolling is adopted for composite forming, so that the problem that the traditional hot rolling composite method can be used for carrying out the rolling forming only after long-time high-temperature heating is avoided; in the heating process before the subsequent hot rolling and compounding, because the composite plate blank formed by the previous cold rolling and compounding is thinned, the required heating temperature is lower, the heating time is shortened, and the problem that a brittle intermetallic compound is generated between dissimilar metal interfaces due to long-time diffusion heat treatment in the traditional cold rolling and compounding method is solved. The time, the temperature and the like of each procedure in the whole preparation process of the dissimilar metal composite material are coordinated and controlled, so that the strong metallurgical bonding of dissimilar metal interfaces is realized, the interface bonding strength of the dissimilar metal composite material prepared by the hot rolling composite method and the cold rolling composite method is improved by more than 20-50 percent compared with that of the dissimilar metal composite material prepared by the existing hot rolling composite method and cold rolling composite method, and the high-performance dissimilar metal composite material with wider application range is obtained.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples, which are necessary to point out here only for further illustration of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make some insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present invention based on the above-mentioned disclosure.
Example 1:
performing room-temperature mechanical polishing treatment on the surfaces to be compounded of the pure aluminum plate blanks and the pure copper plate blanks with clean surfaces in parallel to the length direction of the pure aluminum plate blanks and the pure copper plate blanks, wherein the polishing time is 1 minute; then, stacking the 3-layer pure copper plate blank, the pure aluminum plate blank and the pure copper plate blank within 5 minutes to form a combined plate blank; then sending the combined plate blank to a rolling mill with tension at an inlet and an outlet for rolling at room temperature within 5 minutes to obtain a composite plate blank with an interface realizing mechanical combination; then heating the composite plate blank in a heating furnace at 520 ℃ for 10 minutes in a short time; and finally, conveying the heated composite plate blank to a rolling mill with tension at an outlet for high-temperature rolling within 1 minute to obtain a pure copper/pure aluminum/pure copper composite plate with a strong metallurgical bonding interface.
Example 2:
performing room-temperature mechanical polishing treatment on the surfaces to be compounded of the 1060 pure aluminum plate blank and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate blank with clean surfaces in parallel to the length direction of the 1060 pure aluminum plate blank and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate blank, wherein the polishing time is 10 minutes; then laminating 2 layers of 1060 pure aluminum slabs and 6061 aluminum alloy slabs within 15 minutes to form a combined slab; then sending the combined plate blank to a rolling mill with tension at an inlet and an outlet for rolling at room temperature within 15 minutes to obtain a composite plate blank with an interface realizing mechanical combination; then, the composite plate blank is heated for 40 minutes in a heating furnace at 550 ℃; and finally, conveying the heated composite plate blank to a rolling mill with tension at an outlet for high-temperature rolling within 5 minutes to obtain the 1060 pure aluminum/6061 aluminum alloy composite plate with the interface realizing strong metallurgical bonding.
Example 3:
performing room-temperature mechanical polishing treatment on the surfaces to be compounded of the Q235B carbon steel plate blank and the pure aluminum plate blank with clean surfaces in a direction parallel to the length direction of the Q235B carbon steel plate blank and the pure aluminum plate blank, wherein the polishing time is 2 minutes; then laminating the 2-layer Q235B carbon steel plate blank and the pure aluminum plate blank within 3 minutes to form a combined plate blank; then sending the combined plate blank to a rolling mill with tension at an inlet and an outlet for rolling at room temperature within 5 minutes to obtain a composite plate blank with an interface realizing mechanical combination; then, the composite plate blank is heated for 40 minutes in a heating furnace at 480 ℃; and finally, conveying the heated composite plate blank to a rolling mill with tension at an outlet for high-temperature rolling within 2 minutes to obtain the Q235B carbon steel/pure aluminum composite plate with the interface realizing strong metallurgical bonding.
Example 4:
performing room-temperature mechanical polishing treatment on the surfaces to be compounded of the pure aluminum plate blanks and the pure copper plate blanks with clean surfaces in parallel to the length direction of the pure aluminum plate blanks and the pure copper plate blanks, wherein the polishing time is 3 minutes; then, 2 layers of pure aluminum slabs and pure copper slabs are laminated within 6 minutes to form a combined slab; then sending the combined plate blank to a rolling mill with tension at an inlet and an outlet for rolling at room temperature within 10 minutes to obtain a composite plate blank with an interface realizing mechanical combination; then, the composite plate blank is heated for 30 minutes in a heating furnace at 520 ℃; and finally, conveying the heated composite plate blank to a rolling mill with tension at an outlet for high-temperature rolling within 0.5 minute to obtain the pure aluminum/pure copper composite plate with the interface realizing strong metallurgical bonding.
Example 5:
performing room-temperature mechanical polishing treatment on the surfaces to be compounded of the Q235B carbon steel plate blank and the pure copper plate blank with clean surfaces in parallel to the length direction of the Q235B carbon steel plate blank and the pure copper plate blank, wherein the polishing time is 2 minutes; then laminating the 2-layer Q235B carbon steel plate blank and the pure copper plate blank within 2 minutes to form a combined plate blank; then sending the combined plate blank to a rolling mill with tension at an inlet and an outlet for rolling at room temperature within 5 minutes to obtain a composite plate blank with an interface realizing mechanical combination; then, the composite plate blank is heated for 30 minutes in a heating furnace at 500 ℃; and finally, conveying the heated composite plate blank to a rolling mill with tension at an outlet for high-temperature rolling within 1 minute to obtain a Q235B carbon steel/pure copper composite plate with a strong metallurgical bonding interface.

Claims (2)

1. A preparation method for realizing strong metallurgical bonding of dissimilar metal interfaces is characterized in that room-temperature mechanical polishing treatment is carried out on the surface to be compounded of a metal plate blank with a clean surface in parallel to the length direction of the metal plate blank within 0.1-10 minutes; then, stacking 2-10 layers of metal plate blanks within 1-15 minutes to form a combined plate blank; then sending the combined plate blank to a rolling mill with tension at an inlet and an outlet for rolling at room temperature within 1-15 minutes to obtain a composite plate blank with an interface realizing mechanical combination; then heating the composite plate blank for 10-40 minutes in a heating furnace at 1.05-1.2 times of recrystallization temperature; and finally, conveying the heated composite plate blank to a rolling mill with an outlet with tension for high-temperature rolling within 0.01-5 minutes to obtain the dissimilar metal composite plate with the interface realizing strong metallurgical bonding.
2. A method of forming a strong metallurgical bond at a dissimilar metal interface as recited in claim 1 in which said metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, magnesium, iron, titanium, nickel, zinc, tin, gold, silver, zirconium and alloys of any of the foregoing.
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