CN108807820B - 可充电金属氢化物锰电池 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种可充电金属氢化物锰电池，包括：正极、负极、隔膜和用作电解液的硫酸锰水溶液，所述正极包括正极导电骨架、及涂压在所述正极导电骨架上的碳粉，所述负极包括负极导电骨架、及涂压在所述负极导电骨架上的氢合金属粉，所述隔膜设置于所述正极与所述负极之间。本发明中电池负极采用金属氢化物、正极采用二氧化锰，隔膜为纤维无纺布，电解液为硫酸锰水溶液，具有高比能量、长寿命、低成本、安全性好、绿色的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池技术领域，特别涉及一种可充电金属氢化物锰电池。
背景技术
目前，公知的可充电氢镍电池价格较高(采用贵金属镍作正极材料)，比能量不高只有70瓦时/公斤，寿命不长500周，为克服上诉电池缺点本发明提出可充电金属氢化物锰电池。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种可充电金属氢化物锰电池，以解决上述技术问题。
为解决上述问题，作为本发明的一个方面，提供了一种可充电金属氢化物锰电池，包括：正极、负极、隔膜和用作电解液的硫酸锰水溶液，所述正极包括正极导电骨架、及涂压在所述正极导电骨架上的碳粉，所述负极包括负极导电骨架、及涂压在所述负极导电骨架上的氢合金属粉，所述隔膜设置于所述正极与所述负极之间。
优选地，所述隔膜为纤维无纺布。
优选地，所述碳粉在所述正极导电骨架上形成用于沉积二氧化锰的多孔碳结构。
优选地，所述正极导电骨架及所述负极导电骨架采用金属或非金属碳纤维制成。
优选地，所述正极导电骨架及所述负极导电骨架采用发泡网镍、冲孔钢带、铜切拉网、镀镍铁网、或毛刺钢等。
优选地，所述负极导电骨架通过下述合浆—拉浆—干燥—压片—分切工艺制得：合浆步骤中，合浆物料包括吸氢合金粉94％、导电剂纳米碳或石墨烯1％、CMC1％、SBR4％、PTFE3％、蒸馏水为上述物料的90-110％；拉浆步骤中，以水的量调整浆料黏度适合拉浆，为保证浆料均匀性：CMC先与水配成浆料，先将CMC浆料加入搅拌机中，再分批加入物料，搅拌时间大于5小时，拉浆模具间隙控制在0.6MM；干燥步骤，在隧道窑中进口温度150度出口温度80度，氢电极含水量控制在10％性能好；压片步骤，在滚压机上负极压实密度5.7克/cm3,厚度0.3MM；分切步骤，在自动切片机上完成。
优选地，所述正极导电骨架通过下述合浆—拉浆—干燥—压片—分切工艺制得：合浆步骤，在合浆极中进行，物料比例：石墨粉91％、导电剂纳碳或石墨烯1％、CMC2％、SBR4.8％、蒸馏水为上述物料的90-110％；拉浆步骤，以水的量调整浆料黏度适合拉浆，以为保证浆料均匀性，CMC先与水配成浆料，先将CMC浆料加入搅拌机中，再分批加入物料，搅拌时间大于5小时，拉浆在拉浆机中进行，拉浆模具间隙控制在0.9MM；干燥步骤，在隧道窑中进口温度160度出口温度80度，碳电极含水量控制在不易掉粉、不粘机；压片步骤，在滚压机上，厚度0.5MM；分切步骤，在自动切片机上完成。
优选地，所述硫酸锰水溶液的浓度为10g/100mL。
优选地，所述可充电金属氢化物锰电池还包括电池盖、电池壳，所述电池盖与所述电池壳之间密封粘牢，电池盖上通过密封塞安装有安全阀，电极端子的中心有孔，极耳塞在其中用冷焊钳压紧。
优选地，所述隔膜使用多孔聚烯烃无纺纤维布经亲水处理。
本发明中电池负极采用金属氢化物、正极采用二氧化锰，隔膜为纤维无纺布，电解液为硫酸锰水溶液，具有高比能量、长寿命、低成本、安全性好、绿色的特点。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出了本发明的结构示意图。
图中附图标记：1、负极；2、隔膜；3、正极；4、电池盖；5、密封塞；6、电极端子；7、电池壳。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明，但是本发明可以由权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。
本发明的一个方面，提供了一种可充电金属氢化物锰电池，尤其是能多周次使用的可充金属氢化物锰电池。
该可充电金属氢化物锰电池包括：正极3、负极1、隔膜2和用作电解液的硫酸锰水溶液，所述正极3包括正极导电骨架、及涂压在所述正极导电骨架上的碳粉，所述负极1包括负极导电骨架、及涂压在所述负极导电骨架上的氢合金属粉，所述隔膜2设置于所述正极3与所述负极1之间。优选地，所述隔膜2为纤维无纺布。优选地，所述隔膜2使用多孔聚烯烃无纺纤维布经亲水处理。
在上述技术方案中，本发明中电池负极采用金属氢化物、正极采用二氧化锰，隔膜为纤维无纺布，电解液为硫酸锰水溶液，二氧化锰是现存世最便宜储量最大的矿产，生产环境要求不高，设备投资小，因此本发明成本低。进一步地，二氧化锰作为正极时，充放电反应是二个电子得失，而镍氢电池的镍电极是一个电子得失，因此本发明比能量高。此外，由于正极是二氧化锰沉积在由多孔碳制成的正极上，导电性好且稳定，因而本发明寿命长。最后，由于采用水溶液作电解液非有机溶液，本发明安全性好；由于正负极材料都不含污染环境的材料，电解液是硫酸锰水溶液，无强酸强碱，因此本发明绿色环保。
可见，本发明中的可充电电池具有高比能量、长寿命、低成本、安全性好、绿色的特点，其比能量可作到130瓦时，优于鎘镍电池(40瓦时/公斤)，铅酸电池(20-40瓦时/公斤)氢镍电池(70瓦时/公斤)，比能量与现今液态锂离子电池相当，寿命可作到1000周，镍氢电池(500周)铅酸电池(300周)镉镍电池(500周)；本发明大电流放电性能好(100MA/CM2)因其采高电导率硫酸锰水溶液作电解液，电极采用多孔电极设计，为实现连续生产，导电骨架上按要求焊极耳。
优选地，所述碳粉在所述正极导电骨架上形成用于沉积二氧化锰的多孔碳结构。
优选地，所述正极导电骨架及所述负极导电骨架采用金属或非金属碳纤维制成。
优选地，所述正极导电骨架及所述负极导电骨架采用发泡网镍、冲孔钢带、铜切拉网、镀镍铁网、或毛刺钢等。
优选地，所述负极导电骨架通过下述合浆—拉浆—干燥—压片—分切工艺制得：合浆步骤中，合浆物料包括吸氢合金粉94％、导电剂纳米碳或石墨烯1％、CMC1％、SBR4％、PTFE3％、蒸馏水为上述物料的90-110％；拉浆步骤中，以水的量调整浆料黏度适合拉浆，为保证浆料均匀性：CMC先与水配成浆料，先将CMC浆料加入搅拌机中，再分批加入物料，搅拌时间大于5小时，拉浆模具间隙控制在0.6MM；干燥步骤，在隧道窑中进口温度150度出口温度80度，氢电极含水量控制在10％性能好，不易掉粉；不粘机；压片步骤，在滚压机上负极压实密度5.7克/cm3,厚度0.3MM；分切步骤，在自动切片机上完成。
优选地，所述正极导电骨架通过下述合浆—拉浆—干燥—压片—分切工艺制得：合浆步骤，在合浆极中进行，物料比例：石墨粉91％、导电剂纳碳或石墨烯1％、CMC2％、SBR4.8％、蒸馏水为上述物料的90-110％；拉浆步骤，以水的量调整浆料黏度适合拉浆，以为保证浆料均匀性，CMC先与水配成浆料，先将CMC浆料加入搅拌机中，再分批加入物料，搅拌时间大于5小时，拉浆在拉浆机中进行，拉浆模具间隙控制在0.9MM；干燥步骤，在隧道窑中进口温度160度出口温度80度，碳电极含水量控制在不易掉粉、不粘机；压片步骤，在滚压机上，厚度0.5MM；分切步骤，在自动切片机上完成。
优选地，所述硫酸锰水溶液的浓度为10g/100mL。
优选地，所述可充电金属氢化物锰电池还包括电池盖4、电池壳7，所述电池盖4与所述电池壳7之间采用尼龙胶密封粘牢，电池盖4上通过密封塞5安装有安全阀，电极端子6的中心有孔，极耳塞在其中用冷焊钳压紧，保证良好导电性。电池壳7为尼龙材料朔压成型。
本发明的电化学原理是电池充电时二价锰失去二个电子变成4价与水中氧化合生成二氧化锰沉积在正极3多孔碳上，负极水中氢得到二个电子变成氢气与吸氢合金化合生成金属氢化物储存在负极中。放电时正极二氧化锰得到二个电子变成二价锰又回到电解液中成硫酸锰，负极氢失去二个电子回到电解液中与正极出来的氧化合成水，这样完成一个充放电循环。本发明可作方形动力电池，也可作圆柱电池。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种可充电金属氢化物锰电池，其特征在于，包括：正极(3)、负极(1)、隔膜(2)和用作电解液的硫酸锰水溶液，所述正极(3)包括正极导电骨架、及涂压在所述正极导电骨架上的碳粉，所述负极(1)包括负极导电骨架、及涂压在所述负极导电骨架上的氢合金属粉，所述隔膜(2)设置于所述正极(3)与所述负极(1)之间；
所述正极导电骨架通过下述合浆—拉浆—干燥—压片—分切工艺制得：
合浆步骤，在合浆极中进行，物料比例：石墨粉91％、导电剂纳碳或石墨烯1％、CMC2％、SBR4.8％、蒸馏水为上述物料的90-110％；
拉浆步骤，以水的量调整浆料黏度适合拉浆，以为保证浆料均匀性，CMC先与水配成浆料，先将CMC浆料加入搅拌机中，再分批加入物料，搅拌时间大于5小时，拉浆在拉浆机中进行，拉浆模具间隙控制在0.9MM；
干燥步骤，在隧道窑中进口温度160度出口温度80度，碳电极含水量控制在不易掉粉、不粘机；
压片步骤，在滚压机上，厚度0.5MM；
分切步骤，在自动切片机上完成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可充电金属氢化物锰电池，其特征在于，所述隔膜(2)为纤维无纺布。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可充电金属氢化物锰电池，其特征在于，所述碳粉在所述正极导电骨架上形成用于沉积二氧化锰的多孔碳结构。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可充电金属氢化物锰电池，其特征在于，所述负极导电骨架通过下述合浆—拉浆—干燥—压片—分切工艺制得：
合浆步骤中，合浆物料包括吸氢合金粉94％、导电剂纳米碳或石墨烯1％、CMC1％、SBR4％、PTFE3％、蒸馏水为上述物料的90-110％；
拉浆步骤中，以水的量调整浆料黏度适合拉浆，为保证浆料均匀性：CMC先与水配成浆料，先将CMC浆料加入搅拌机中，再分批加入物料，搅拌时间大于5小时，拉浆模具间隙控制在0.6MM；
干燥步骤，在隧道窑中进口温度150度出口温度80度，氢电极含水量控制在10％性能好；
压片步骤，在滚压机上负极压实密度5.7克/cm3,厚度0.3MM；
分切步骤，在自动切片机上完成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可充电金属氢化物锰电池，其特征在于，所述硫酸锰水溶液的浓度为10g/100mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可充电金属氢化物锰电池，其特征在于，所述可充电金属氢化物锰电池还包括电池盖(4)、电池壳(7)，所述电池盖(4)与所述电池壳(7)之间密封粘牢，电池盖(4)上通过密封塞(5)安装有安全阀，电极端子(6)的中心有孔，极耳塞在其中用冷焊钳压紧。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可充电金属氢化物锰电池，其特征在于，所述隔膜(2)使用多孔聚烯烃无纺纤维布经亲水处理。
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