CN108805325A - A kind of Production-Plan and scheduling integrated optimization method - Google Patents

A kind of Production-Plan and scheduling integrated optimization method Download PDF

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CN108805325A
CN108805325A CN201810319893.4A CN201810319893A CN108805325A CN 108805325 A CN108805325 A CN 108805325A CN 201810319893 A CN201810319893 A CN 201810319893A CN 108805325 A CN108805325 A CN 108805325A
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cost
expense
model
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CN108805325B (en
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郑松
高佳欣
葛铭
郑小青
魏江
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Hangzhou Dianzi University
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of integrated optimization methods of Production-Plan and scheduling.Production-Plan and scheduling problem solving mode is mainly traditional optimization at present, the result of optimization be difficult be optimal solution, and be likely to cannot achieve in technique, cannot achieve so as to cause expected productive target, the generation for the problems such as resource allocation can not be assigned.Step of the present invention is：Obtain the specific data of production schedule layer and dispatch layer；Plan layer cost model and dispatch layer cost model are established respectively according to specific data；Planning and scheduling cost model is optimized using improved cooperative optimization method, the final production decision for obtaining least cost.Some problems in optimizing the present invention be directed to Production-Plan and scheduling, it is proposed a kind of optimization method with stronger global optimization ability, the optimization method have the characteristics that opening, robustness, concurrency, global convergence and to the mathematical form of problem without particular/special requirement.

Description

A kind of Production-Plan and scheduling integrated optimization method
Technical field
The invention belongs to information and control technology field, are related to automatic technology, more particularly to a kind of production schedule With the integrated optimization method of scheduling.
Background technology
Production-Plan and scheduling is all the decision problem that Chemical Manufacture industry is particularly paid attention to all the time.The production schedule and tune Degree is to take into account the production constraints such as technological requirement, resources of production situation of production by modern advanced methods and techniques, excellent Change and configure various manufacturing recourses, formulates the production decision for meeting enterprise's production requirement, make every effort in the defined time by defined amount Produce required product.The production schedule mainly in the demand and chemical industry in market production capacity of itself etc. because Element makes the arrangements such as production, transport, the storage of a longer cycle (the generally moon, season year etc.).And the main needle of production scheduling To production, the storage capacity etc. of chemical industry itself, in the case where meeting production schedule result as far as possible, make one shorter The arrangement of the resources such as the production equipment in period (generally day, week etc.) and inventory.
In Production-Plan and scheduling problem, since the time scale of the two is different, if only only consider one and into The simple production planning optimization of row or simple Optimization of Production Dispatching, then the result optimized is difficult to be optimal solution, and very may be used It can cannot achieve in technique, cannot achieve so as to cause expected productive target, the production for the problems such as resource allocation can not be assigned It is raw.Therefore to Production-Plan and scheduling the problem of carries out integrated optimization, to improving enterprise efficiency, reduces production cost with important Meaning.Production-Plan and scheduling problem is a typical extreme value Solve problems.So far, production and Scheduling Problem side Formula mostly uses traditional mathematics optimization method, such as branch and bound method, gradient descent method, outer approximate algorithm.Since these methods are asked It solves less efficient, and lacks stronger adaptability and robustness.The optimization problem of complex mathematical form is thus required, quite It is difficult.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of integrated optimization methods of Production-Plan and scheduling.
A kind of integrated optimization method of Production-Plan and scheduling, this method are as follows：
Step 1：The specific data (including place capacity, Fixed Production Overhead, production unit price) of acquisition production equipment are needed, Specific production technology data (including raw material types, production procedure, processing time, material proportion), management level expense unit price (packet Include producing cost, freight, inventory carrying cost, Backorder Cost) and product category；These data can be by production process Statistics obtains；
Step 2 establishes production schedule cost model by the parameter of management level, and chief component is management level expense.It is logical It crosses production technology and raw material parameter establishes production scheduling cost model, chief component is Fixed Production Overhead and variable life Production expense.
1. system-level model (production schedule cost model)
Upper layer issue of the production schedule as integrated model, main target are according to market demand situation and itself production The constraintss such as ability make planning to the production in entire planning cycle, to achieve the purpose that expense is minimum in the period.Root According to duration L dispatching cycle, can be intended to the period is divided into N number of dispatching cycle.Production planning model total cost is by producing cost ProductionCost, inventory carrying cost InventoryCost, freight TransprotCost and Backorder Cost BackorderCost is formed.
In formula, t indicates that time cycle, s indicate material state, SpIndicate material set, α, β, γ, δ indicate to produce respectively Expense unit price, inventory carrying cost unit price, freight unit price and Backorder Cost unit price, Pro, Inv, Tra, Bac indicate raw respectively Yield, quantity in stock, freight volume and shortage amount.
Constraints：
1. line balancing
2. demand balances
3. capacity constraint
In each production scheduling period, the desired output of the production schedule cannot be more than production capacity maximum value
4. supplementary constraints
During cooperateing with iterative solution, each dispatching cycle, inconsistency was minimum between making sub- subject as sub- subject Constraint as system-level planning cycle.τ is used for indicating the difference of the desired output and the solution yield of scheduling of plan.μ is Relaxation factor in supplementary constraints.
2. subject grade model (production scheduling cost model)
Lower layer problem of the production scheduling as integrated model, main target is the optimum results according to the production schedule, and is tied The constraintss such as resource, equipment in the own schedule period are closed, carry out the arrangement of resources of production and equipment in sequential, and to the greatest extent may be used Can be that the two result is close.Each production scheduling modulus of periodicity type adoption status Task Network (state task network, STN it) is established.Production scheduling model total cost fixes startup expense EquipmentCost and material handling by equipment It is formed with TaskCost two parts.
In formula, i indicates that task, j indicate that equipment, n indicate case point.xi,j,nIndicate when case point n starts task i whether It is executed on equipment j.Bi,j,nTreating capacities of the expression task i on equipment j.τsIndicate the solution of the desired output and scheduling of plan The difference of yield, λ are the penalty function factor, and value influences influence degree when system-level optimum results optimize subject grade.
Constraints：
1. inequality constraints
1.1 assignment constraints
1.2 working abilities constrain
1.3 reserves constrain
1.4 1.4 sequence constraints
δijThe required time of task j is handled for equipment i
2. equality constraint
2.1 material balances constrain
Step 3 carries out integrated solution using Cooperative Optimization Algorithm is improved to Production-Plan and scheduling problem.Specific steps are such as Under：
1. being solved to production planning problem according to market demand, solves each corresponding product of acquisition and each produce The yield P of dispatching cyclet k(t indicates that production cycle, k indicate product category), N number of production is passed to using these values as target point Scheduling problem；
2. target point and combination itself constraint that production scheduling is transmitted according to Production planning model carry out Optimal Production cost It solves.Obtain the specific yield P of each product of each dispatching cyclet k′, expense be denoted as SchedulingCosttAnd it is overall Scheduling expenseIfAlgorithm stops, and exports current optimal case；Otherwise turn 3. walking, and remember that total cost is
Wherein N number of production scheduling period, M kind products, ε indicate threshold value；
3. the yield that the production schedule is transmitted according to N number of production scheduling period, obtain difference andIt will be poor It is worth and as supplementary constraints, carries out the solving-optimizing of a new round.And new optimum results yield is passed into each production scheduling Period.Record the expense PlanningCost ' of the new production schedule；
4. production scheduling is optimized according to the target point newly transmitted, return value is passed into the production schedule, and record The expense of each dispatching cycle is denoted as SchedulingCostt' and overall scheduling expenseAnd remember new Overall expenses be
5. overall expenses twice is compared,
θ indicates threshold value.
Advantageous effect：The technical scheme is that Production-Plan and scheduling PROBLEM DECOMPOSITION is system-level and multiple at one The problem of subject grade, be then respectively adopted branch and bound method, and using penalty function and the method for relaxation factor so that it is system-level and It influences each other between subject grade, accelerates solving speed, finally obtain the integrated optimization method of minimum production cost；The present invention has Opening, robustness, concurrency, global convergence and to the mathematical form of problem without particular/special requirement the features such as.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is example state task network figure；
Fig. 2 is that inventive algorithm is compared with simple optimizing scheduling result plan part expense.
Specific implementation mode:
The intermittent Chemical Manufacture factory of certain multi-product can be chemically reacted by three kinds of raw material (A, B, C) by heating, The techniques such as separation, produce two kinds of product (P1、P2).State task network figure such as Fig. 1 of its technological process.Reaction 1, reaction 2, The reaction process of reaction 3 can carry out in reaction kettle 1 and reaction kettle 2.The production schedule cycle that example considers is 40 Hour, and production schedule cycle is divided into 5 production scheduling periods.
Production scheduling process portion data such as table 1, shown in 2, cost components data are as shown in table 3, production schedule expense portion Divided data is as shown in table 4.
1 production equipment process data of table
2 material state data of table (--- indicate without limitation)
3 production scheduling cost data of table
4 production schedule cost data of table
Market demand is as shown in table 5.
Different market demands dispatching cycle of table 5
Table 7 uses the optimum results of inventive algorithm
In order to facilitate comparison, we ask this group of market demand by the way of traditional simple Optimization of Production Dispatching The solution of topic, obtained optimization cost result are $ 18771.95.Each specific data dispatching cycle and cost data such as 8 institute of table Show.
Table 8 uses pure optimizing scheduling result
It carries out comparing us it can be found that adopting according to the result of the result of pure optimizing scheduling and algorithm proposed by the invention Reduce 20.19% with the whole cost cost of inventive algorithm.In simple optimizing scheduling expense cost, production scheduling is taken With relatively low, but Backorder Cost is very high, and the market demand feelings of current dispatching cycle can be only considered mainly due to simple optimizing scheduling Condition does not plan as a whole the market demand situation in each production scheduling period in entire production schedule cycle.And it is carried according to the present invention When the algorithm gone out optimizes solution, the market demand situation in each production scheduling period is considered as a whole, but also consider The expense cost of the production schedule and the expense cost of production scheduling, it is optimal as a result, such as Fig. 2 institutes to reach overall expenses Show, for the comparison of the present invention and conventional method.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of Production-Plan and scheduling integrated optimization method, it is characterised in that the step of this method includes：
Step 1：Need the specific data of acquisition production equipment, specific production technology data, management level expense unit price and product Type；These data are obtained by being counted in production process；
Step 2：Production schedule cost model is established by the parameter of management level, component part is management level expense；Pass through production Process data and raw material parameter establish production scheduling cost model, and component part is Fixed Production Overhead and variable production expense With；
1. system-level model
According to duration T dispatching cycle, being intended to the period is divided into N number of dispatching cycle；Production planning model total cost is by production expense With ProductionCost, inventory carrying cost InventoryCost, freight TransprotCost and Backorder Cost BackorderCost is formed；
In formula, t indicates that time cycle, s indicate material state, SpIndicate material set, α, β, γ, δ indicate producing cost list respectively Valence, inventory carrying cost unit price, freight unit price and Backorder Cost unit price, Pro, Inv, Tra, Bac indicate output, library respectively Storage, freight volume and shortage amount；
Constraints：
1. line balancing
2. demand balances
3. capacity constraint
In each production scheduling period, the desired output of the production schedule cannot be more than production capacity maximum value
4. supplementary constraints
During cooperateing with iterative solution, each dispatching cycle as sub- subject, makes inconsistency minimum conduct between sub- subject The constraint of system-level planning cycle；τsFor the deviation for the value that subject grade model optimization resulting value and system-level model transmit, μ For the relaxation factor in supplementary constraints；
2. subject grade model
Lower layer problem of the production scheduling as integrated model, target are the optimum results according to the production schedule, and combine itself The constraintss such as resource, equipment in dispatching cycle carry out the arrangement of resources of production and equipment in sequential, and make two as far as possible Person's result is close；Each production scheduling modulus of periodicity type adoption status Task Network is established；Production scheduling model is total to be taken Startup expense EquipmentCost and material processing cost TaskCost two parts are fixed by equipment with SchedulingCost Composition；
In formula, i indicates that task, j indicate that equipment, n indicate case point；xi,j,nIndicate whether task i is setting when case point n starts It is executed on standby j；Bi,j,nTreating capacities of the expression task i on equipment j；τsOptimize the value of resulting value and system-level transmission for subject grade Deviation, λ is the penalty function factor, and value influences influence degree when system-level optimum results optimize subject grade；
Constraints：
1. inequality constraints
1.1 assignment constraints
1.2 working abilities constrain
1.3 reserves constrain
1.4 sequence constraints
δijThe required time of task j is handled for equipment i
2. equality constraint
2.1 material balances constrain
Step 3 carries out integrated solution using Cooperative Optimization Algorithm is improved to Production-Plan and scheduling problem；It is as follows：
1. being solved to production planning problem according to market demand, solves and obtain the corresponding each production scheduling of each product The yield P in periodt k, the t expression production cycles, k indicates product category, N number of production scheduling is passed to using these values as target point Problem；
2. target point and combination itself constraint that production scheduling is transmitted according to Production planning model carry out Optimal Production cost solution； Obtain the specific yield P of each product of each dispatching cyclet k′, expense be denoted as SchedulingCosttAnd overall scheduling takes WithIfThen algorithm stops, and exports current optimal case；Otherwise turn 3. Step, and remember that total cost is
Wherein N number of production scheduling period, M kind products, ε indicate threshold value；
3. the yield that the production schedule is transmitted according to N number of production scheduling period, obtain difference andBy difference and work For supplementary constraints, the solving-optimizing of a new round is carried out；And new optimum results yield is passed into each production scheduling period；Note The expense PlanningCost ' of the new production schedule under record；
4. production scheduling is optimized according to the target point newly transmitted, return value is passed into the production schedule, and record each The expense of dispatching cycle is denoted as SchedulingCostt' and overall scheduling expenseAnd remember newly total Body expense is
5. overall expenses twice is compared,
θ indicates threshold value.
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CN110471374A (en) * 2019-07-08 2019-11-19 杭州电子科技大学 A kind of cement slurry predecomposition process disturbance reduction qualitative forecasting method
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CN110866635A (en) * 2019-11-05 2020-03-06 青岛大学 Method for improving switching prediction precision of device processing scheme
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WO2022227975A1 (en) * 2021-04-27 2022-11-03 北京北方华创微电子装备有限公司 Material scheduling method and device for semiconductor processing equipment

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