CN108804766A - The recognition methods of damping parameter - Google Patents
The recognition methods of damping parameter Download PDFInfo
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- CN108804766A CN108804766A CN201810427962.3A CN201810427962A CN108804766A CN 108804766 A CN108804766 A CN 108804766A CN 201810427962 A CN201810427962 A CN 201810427962A CN 108804766 A CN108804766 A CN 108804766A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of recognition methods of damping parameter, including：According to the physical model of damping system structure and the relevant finite element model of damping parameter；Modal parameter sensitive to damping parameter variation in finite element model is known according to Sensitivity Analysis Method；Identical exciting force is applied respectively to physical model and finite element model, obtains the modal parameter of physical model and the modal parameter of finite element model；It determines the correlation between the modal parameter of physical model and the modal parameter of finite element model, and object function is built according to the error meeting correlation and the modal parameter sensitive between damping parameter variation；Damping parameter when making object function stable convergence is determined according to optimization algorithm, as the actual damping parameter of the damping system.Object function stable convergence can be achieved in the present invention, and the statics testing method or dynamic testing machine test method of the prior art are substantially better than in efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Structural Dynamics technical fields, more particularly, to the recognition methods of damping parameter.
Background technology
Model analysis is a kind of method of research structure dynamic characteristics, is typically employed in Engineering Vibration field.Wherein, mode is
Refer to the natural vibration characteristic of mechanical structure, each mode has specific intrinsic frequency, damping ratio and Mode Shape.Analyze this
The process of a little mode is known as model analysis.By computational methods, model analysis can be divided into computational modal analysis and test modal analysis.
It is computational modal analysis to be obtained by the method for FEM calculation, by testing the system input of acquisition with output signal by joining
It is test modal analysis that number identification, which obtains,.Each order of model analysis corresponds to a mode, while each order has oneself
The modal parameters such as specific frequency, damping ratio.
Field of track traffic improves riding comfort, mostly uses the rubber as damping unit to reduce Vehicular vibration
Part.Around being worked based on finite element analysis for motor-car expansion, such as modal calculation, noise calculation, dynamic response calculate academic research
It is relatively broad.Meanwhile by rubber block separately as research object, its finite element model is established, by inquiring pertinent literature, experience
Formula or quasi-static mechanical test obtain the stiffness and damp parameters of rubber block, then study its mechanical characteristic.In existing report
In rubber block, if causing to establish due to batches of materials, the otherness of manufacturer by inquiring the damping parameter that document obtains
Model accuracy it is limited；It, can not be fine using the model of its foundation if obtaining damping parameter by quasi-static mechanical test
Ground reflects the kinetic characteristics of practical rubber block.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of identification for the damping parameter for overcoming the above problem or solving the above problems at least partly
Method.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of recognition methods of damping parameter is provided, including：
According to the physical model of damping system structure and the relevant finite element model of damping parameter；
Know that mode sensitive to damping parameter variation in the finite element model is joined according to Sensitivity Analysis Method
Number；
Identical exciting force is applied respectively to the physical model and finite element model, obtains the modal parameter of physical model
With the modal parameter of finite element model；
Determine the correlation between the modal parameter of physical model and the modal parameter of finite element model, and related according to meeting
Property and the modal parameter sensitive between damping parameter variation error build object function；
Damping parameter when making the object function stable convergence is determined according to optimization algorithm, as damping system reality
The damping parameter on border.
Preferably, known in the finite element model to damping parameter variation sensitivity according to Sensitivity Analysis Method
Modal parameter, specially：
Change the damping parameter in the finite element model within a preset range, obtains the variable quantity of damping parameter；
The variable quantity that modal parameter in the finite element model is calculated according to perturbation method, for any one modal parameter,
Using the variable quantity of the variable quantity of the modal parameter and damping parameter as the sensitivity of the modal parameter；
Sensitivity matrix is built to the sensitivity of damping parameter according to each modal parameter；
Know that mode sensitive to damping parameter variation in the finite element model is joined according to the sensitivity matrix
Number.
Preferably, described that identical exciting force is applied respectively to the physical model and finite element model, obtain entity mould
The modal parameter of each rank of modal parameter and finite element model of type, specially：
Exciting force is applied to the physical model, while acquiring pumping signal and response signal, to the physical model
Test signal carries out test modal analysis, obtains the modal parameter of the physical model；
The pumping signal is loaded onto in the finite element model, the response signal of the finite element model is calculated, it is right
The response signal of the finite element model carries out computational modal analysis, obtains the modal parameter of the finite element model.
Preferably, the error structure the basis has correlation and the modal parameter sensitive between damping parameter variation
Object function is built, specially：
Modal parameter with correlation and sensitive to damping parameter variation is determined, as target modalities parameter；
According to preset rules, the corresponding weight of each target modalities parameter is set；
Object function is built according to following formula：
Wherein,Indicate i-th of target modalities parameter in finite element model,In presentation-entity model withIt is corresponding
I-th of target modalities parameter, Δ siIndicate the error between i-th of target modalities parameter, w in finite element model and physical modeli
Indicate the corresponding weight of i-th of target modalities parameter, TminIndicate object function.
Preferably, the correlation between the modal parameter and the modal parameter of finite element model of the determining physical model, tool
Body is：
The correlation of Mode Shape is evaluated using modal assurance criterion criterion：
Wherein,The jth first order mode of the i-th first order mode and finite element model of presentation-entity model respectively；
If MACijMore than predetermined threshold value, it is determined that the i-th rank modal parameter of physical model and the jth rank mould of finite element model
State parameter has correlation.
Preferably, the optimization algorithm is sequential quadratic programming algorithm, ant group algorithm, genetic algorithm, simulated annealing
With one kind in particle cluster algorithm.
Preferably, the damping system includes damping unit, the damping unit it is fixedly connected below on the support surface, it is described
A mass block is fixed above damping unit；
Correspondingly, described according to the physical model of damping system structure and the relevant finite element model of damping parameter, specifically
For：
The quality point model that the mass block is established using the lumped mass dot element in finite element analysis software, using having
Connection unit in finite element analysis software carries out mesh generation to the damping unit, is drawn according to the quality point model and grid
Damping unit after point establishes the finite element model.
Preferably, described that identical exciting force is applied respectively to the physical model and finite element model, further include before：
Acceleration transducer is adhered to mass block surface, in several vertically arranged test points of mass block upper edge, so that
Pumping signal is vertically generated when must apply exciting force.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of electronic equipment is also provided, including：
At least one processor；And
At least one processor being connect with the processor communication, wherein：
The memory is stored with the program instruction that can be executed by the processor, and the processor calls described program to refer to
The method for enabling the recognition methods and its any alternative embodiment of the damping parameter for being able to carry out the embodiment of the present invention.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of non-transient computer readable storage medium is also provided, which is characterized in that
The non-transient computer readable storage medium stores computer instruction, and the computer instruction makes the computer execute this hair
The method of the recognition methods of the damping parameter of bright embodiment and its any alternative embodiment.
The recognition methods of damping parameter proposed by the present invention is by adjusting the modal parameter sensitive to damping parameter variation
Higher efficiency damping parameter can be identified, further according in physical model and finite element model have correlation and to damping
The modal parameter of Parameters variation sensitivity builds object function, by the value of damping parameter in optimization algorithm optimized FEMs model,
So that the corresponding modal parameter of the finite element model modal parameter corresponding with physical model after optimization is very close, reach optimization
Finite element model afterwards is capable of the effect of actual response physical model.It should be noted that by the calculating of the embodiment of the present invention
It is found when method practical application, only needs Optimized Iterative 5-15 times, you can function to achieve the objective stable convergence is substantially better than in efficiency
The statics testing method or dynamic testing machine test method of the prior art.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram according to the recognition methods of the damping parameter of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is to be known in the finite element model to the damping according to Sensitivity Analysis Method according to the embodiment of the present invention
The flow diagram of the modal parameter of Parameters variation sensitivity；
Fig. 3 is the functional block diagram according to the identifying system of the damping parameter of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the functional block diagram according to the sensitivity analysis module of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the functional block diagram according to the object function unit of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the block schematic illustration according to the electronic equipment of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the convergence curve figure according to the imaginary part error of modal characteristics value in an example of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the convergence curve figure according to the real part error of modal characteristics value in an example of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the convergence curve figure according to damping parameter in an example of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in further detail.Implement below
Example is not limited to the scope of the present invention for illustrating the present invention.
In order to overcome the drawbacks described above of the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention to provide the recognition methods of damping parameter, Fig. 1 is this
The flow diagram of the recognition methods of the damping parameter of inventive embodiments, including：
101, according to the physical model of damping system structure and the relevant finite element model of damping parameter.
It should be noted that damping system refers to the system containing damping unit, damping (English：Damping refer to) appointing
What vibrational system in vibration, external influence or system inherently due to the spy that is gradually reduced of caused Oscillation Amplitude
The quantization signifying of property and this characteristic.Damping unit is to provide the resistance of movement, the device of depletion kinergety.The present invention
Each embodiment does not limit the concrete form of the damping unit that includes in damping system and damping system and connection relation
System, finite element model are made of node and element.The finite element model of the embodiment of the present invention according to the complexity of damping system,
It is built using two methods：If damping system is relatively simple, node and list are directly established according to the geometry external form of mechanical structure
Member；If damping system is complex, by point, line, surface, volume, finite element model is first established, then carries out physical grid and draws
Point, to complete the foundation of finite element model.
102, mould sensitive to damping parameter variation in the finite element model is known according to Sensitivity Analysis Method
State parameter.
The type of damping parameter to be identified is at least one kind in the embodiment of the present invention, such as：Damped coefficient and material
Damping ratio.In embodiments of the present invention, modal parameter can be modal frequency, Mode Shape, modal damping, modal stiffness, mould
State quality etc., each modal parameter have the concept of rank, for example, using modal frequency as a kind of modal parameter, by modal frequency
It arranges from small to large, minimum modal frequency is referred to as the first rank, and for Mode Shape, the Mode Shape of same order does not have
Different vibration shape shapes.Total exponent number of modal parameter needed for identification process can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
Modal parameter and damping parameter belong to the inherent feature of mechanical structure, after constructing finite element model, in order to
So that the modal parameter and damping parameter in finite element model all close to physical model, need constantly to finely tune mode ginseng
Number and damping parameter.It is associated with since modal parameter exists with damping parameter itself, i.e., after modal parameter adjusts, damping parameter
It necessarily changes, but since the relevance between different modalities parameter and different damping parameter varies, in order to more accurate
Really identify damping parameter, it is necessary to the modal parameter sensitive to damping parameter variation is found out, in this way by adjusting to damping
The modal parameter of Parameters variation sensitivity can be identified damping parameter to higher efficiency.In embodiments of the present invention, pass through
Sensitivity Analysis Method knows modal parameter sensitive to damping parameter variation in finite element model, Sensitivity Analysis Method
It is the state of one system (or model) of research and analysis or the sensitive journey that output variation changes systematic parameter or ambient conditions
The method of degree.
103, identical exciting force is applied respectively to the physical model and finite element model, obtains the mode of physical model
The modal parameter of parameter and finite element model.
It should be noted that by applying exciting force to physical model, the acceleration responsive of physical model can be collected,
By analyzing acceleration responsive, the modal parameter of each rank of physical model and finite element model can be identified.This hair
Identical exciting force described in bright embodiment refer to exciting force apply position, size and Orientation it is identical.
104, the correlation between the modal parameter of physical model and the modal parameter of finite element model is determined, and according to satisfaction
Error correlation and the modal parameter sensitive between damping parameter variation builds object function.
By the prior art it is found that only carrying out the modal parameter for belonging to the same vibration shape significant to Bizet, therefore obtaining
After the modal parameters at different levels for obtaining physical model and finite element model, it is thus necessary to determine that the mode of physical model and finite element model is joined
Several correlations.Judged at present there are mainly two types of method：A kind of method is to observe by the naked eye, and it is exactly same to feel similar
Rank, this method is intuitive, but does not have quantizating index.Another method is then by modal assurance criterion criterion (Modal
Assurance Criterion, MAC) judge, judge that there is advantage with high accuracy using MAC methods.
Meeting correlation and referring to the modal parameter of damping parameter variation sensitivity described in the embodiment of the present invention：On the one hand
Selected modal parameter is sensitive to the variation of damping parameter, allows for damping parameter in this way and sends small variation, target letter
Number can also occur significantly to change；On the other hand, selected modal parameter needs correlation, for example, being selected in physical model
What is taken is the modal frequency of 2 ranks, and what is chosen in finite element model is the modal frequency of 3 ranks, this is because 2 rank moulds of physical model
The state vibration shape is consistent with 3 rank Mode Shapes in finite element model, therefore 2 rank modal frequencies and finite element model in Task entity model
In the 3 rank model vibration shapes be relevant.
105, damping parameter when making the object function stable convergence is determined according to optimization algorithm, is as the damping
It unites actual damping parameter.
It should be noted that passing through the value of damping parameter in optimization algorithm optimized FEMs model so that having after optimization
It is very close to limit the corresponding modal parameter of meta-model modal parameter corresponding with physical model, reaches the finite element model after optimization
It is capable of the effect of actual response physical model.It should be noted that when by the computational methods practical application of the embodiment of the present invention
It was found that only needing Optimized Iterative 5-15 times, you can function to achieve the objective stable convergence is substantially better than the static(al) of the prior art in efficiency
Learn testing method or dynamic testing machine test method.
Fig. 2 shows the embodiment of the present invention to know in the finite element model according to Sensitivity Analysis Method to the damping
The flow diagram of the modal parameter of Parameters variation sensitivity, as shown in Fig. 2, the flow is specially：
201, change the damping parameter in the finite element model within a preset range, obtain the variable quantity of damping parameter；
It should be noted that having preset the adjusting range of damping parameter in the embodiment of the present invention, damping parameter is modulated every time
When, damping parameter is all adjusted within a preset range.
202, the variable quantity that modal parameter in the finite element model is calculated according to perturbation method joins any one mode
Number, using the variable quantity of the variable quantity of the modal parameter and damping parameter as the sensitivity of the modal parameter.
For example, being ξ before damping parameter variation, i-th of modal parameter is A, is Δ ξ+ξ, the mode after damping parameter variation
Parameter is A ', then the sensitivity of the modal parameter is：(A'-A)/Δξ.
203, sensitivity matrix is built to the sensitivity of damping parameter according to each modal parameter.
It should be noted that the i-th row j row D of sensitivity matrix Dij, indicate i-th j-th of damping parameter of rank modal parameter pair
Sensitivity.Obviously, if damping parameter only to be identified, j=1.For example, in some damping system, preceding 6 rank mode
Frequency is respectively 0.01,0.02,0.03,0.03,0.01,0.01 to the sensitivity of certain damping parameter.Therefore the sensitivity constituted
Matrix is：[0.01,0.02,0.03,0.03,0.01,0.01].
204, mould sensitive to damping parameter variation in the finite element model is known according to the sensitivity matrix
State parameter.
It should be noted that becoming to some damping parameter since every a line of sensitivity matrix represents each rank modal parameter
The sensitivity of change, therefore in order to obtain the modal parameter sensitive to the variation of some damping parameter, it is only necessary to from sensitivity matrix
In higher sensitivity, a certain number of modal parameters are selected in one row element of the corresponding damping parameter of selection.With above-mentioned sensitive
It spends for matrix, it can be seen that the value highest of the 3rd row and the 4th column element is 0.03, therefore just 3 rank modal frequencies of selection and 4 ranks
Modal frequency is as the modal parameter sensitive to damping parameter variation.
On the basis of the above embodiments, described to apply identical excitation respectively to the physical model and finite element model
Power obtains the modal parameter of physical model and the modal parameter of finite element model, specially：
Exciting force is applied to the physical model, while acquiring pumping signal and response signal, to the physical model
Test signal carries out test modal analysis, obtains the modal parameter of the physical model；
The pumping signal is loaded onto in the finite element model, the response signal of the finite element model is calculated, it is right
The response signal of the finite element model carries out computational modal analysis, obtains the modal parameter of the finite element model.
As it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that in finite element model calculate vibration signal node position with
The position consistency that the measured point of vibration signal is acquired in physical model, ensure that calculating in this way is the vibration letter of the same position
Number.
On the basis of the various embodiments described above, the basis of the embodiment of the present invention has correlation and joins to the damping
Error between the sensitive modal parameter of number variation builds object function, specially：
Modal parameter with correlation and sensitive to damping parameter variation is determined, as target modalities parameter；
It should be noted that the embodiment of the present invention is first according to the sensitivity analysis mould sensitive to damping parameter variation
Then state parameter, such as 2 rank modal frequencies, 3 rank modal dampings, 2 rank modal stiffness etc. will be based on identical exciting force and obtain in fact
The modal parameter of the modal parameter of body Model and finite element model carries out correlation analysis, is found out from finite element model and entity
The relevant modal frequency of 2 section modal frequencies of model saves the relevant modal damping of modal dampings and and entity with the 3 of physical model
The 2 relevant modal stiffness of rank modal stiffness of model, that is, obtain target modalities parameter.
According to preset rules, the corresponding weight of each target modalities parameter is set；
It should be noted that since there may be differences for sensitivity that damping parameter changes for different target modal parameter
It is different, while there is also differences for the influence of damping parameter for different target modal parameter, it therefore, can be rule of thumb to a
The corresponding weight of target modalities parameter setting.
Object function is built according to following formula：
Wherein,Indicate i-th of target modalities parameter in finite element model,In presentation-entity model withIt is corresponding
I-th of target modalities parameter, Δ siIndicate the error between i-th of target modalities parameter, w in finite element model and physical modeli
Indicate the corresponding weight of i-th of target modalities parameter, TminIndicate object function, i.e., with mesh in finite element model and physical model
The minimum value that the product of error and weight is summed again between mark modal parameter is desired value.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the modal parameter between the modal parameter of physical model and finite element model is determined
Correlation, specially：
The correlation of Mode Shape is evaluated using modal assurance criterion criterion：
Wherein,The jth first order mode of the i-th first order mode and finite element model of presentation-entity model respectively；?
When the practical calculating vibration shape, MAC calculating can be carried out with the coordinate of series of points in vibration shape shape.
If MACijMore than predetermined threshold value (such as taking 0.7), it is determined that the i-th rank modal parameter and finite element mould of physical model
The jth rank modal parameter of type has correlation.
On the basis of the various embodiments described above, the optimization algorithm is sequential quadratic programming algorithm, ant group algorithm, heredity calculation
One kind in method, simulated annealing and particle cluster algorithm.In a preferred embodiment, optimization algorithm is sequential quadratic programming
Method, it is verified, it, being capable of quick asking Constrained equations using the optimization method of Sequential Quadratic Programming method and sensitivity analysis
Solution is converted into constrained optimization problem, both ensure that the equivalent precision of model, has in turn ensured the speed of iterative calculation.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the damping system includes damping unit, the damping unit it is fixedly connected below
On the support surface, a mass block is fixed above the damping unit；
Correspondingly, described according to the physical model of damping system structure and the relevant finite element model of damping parameter, specifically
For：
The quality point model that the mass block is established using the lumped mass dot element in finite element analysis software, using having
Connection unit in finite element analysis software carries out mesh generation to the damping unit, is drawn according to the quality point model and grid
Damping unit after point establishes the finite element model.
It should be noted that the foundation of finite element model is that mechanical structure is converted to multinode with unit to be connected, section
Point is the coordinate of a point in mechanical structure, specifies a number and coordinate position.After the completion of node foundation, need to use
Mechanical structure is connected into unit according to node, and completes finite element model by unit appropriate.Unit selection correctness, will
Determine last analysis result.Finite element analysis software (such as ANSYS) provides certain amount heterogeneity and the list of type
Member, each unit have fixed number, such as LINK is No. 1 unit, and SOLID is No. 45 unit.Cell type is
The unit type of mechanical structure system, such as desk can be made of table-top unit and feet unit, in embodiments of the present invention, will
Damping system carries out mesh generation by lumped mass dot element (MASS), regards mass block as a lumped mass using MASS
Point can play simplified model, reduce calculation amount, accelerate the effect of calculating speed；By damping unit by connection unit (BUSH)
Mesh generation is carried out, the damping parameter of damping unit can be defined using BUSH.
In one alternate embodiment, by changing the size of the mass block above damping unit, quality point can be obtained
The different and identical system of damping unit, by the way that the system is identified, can also solve single model can not describe to damp
The problem of frequency domain Damped Nonlinear of unit.
On the basis of the various embodiments described above, it is described to the physical model and finite element model apply respectively it is identical swash
Power is encouraged, further includes before：
Acceleration transducer is adhered to mass block surface, in several vertically arranged test points of mass block upper edge, so that
It is vertically sequentially generated pumping signal when must apply exciting force.It should be noted that because the work side of practical rubber shock absorber
To be vertical, so being more advantageous to the damping parameter for identifying actual rubber absorbers by the way of vertically encouraging.
Fig. 3 shows the functional block diagram of the identifying system of the damping parameter of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 3, identification system
System includes：
Finite element model module 301, it is relevant limited with damping parameter for being built according to the physical model of damping system
Meta-model.
It should be noted that damping system refers to the system containing damping unit, damping (English：Damping refer to) appointing
What vibrational system in vibration, external influence or system inherently due to the spy that is gradually reduced of caused Oscillation Amplitude
The quantization signifying of property and this characteristic.Damping unit is to provide the resistance of movement, the device of depletion kinergety.The present invention
Each embodiment does not limit the concrete form of the damping unit that includes in damping system and damping system and connection relation
System, finite element model are made of node and element.The finite element model of the embodiment of the present invention according to the complexity of damping system,
It is built using two methods：If damping system is relatively simple, node and list are directly established according to the geometry external form of mechanical structure
Member；If damping system is complex, by point, line, surface, volume, finite element model is first established, then carries out physical grid and draws
Point, to complete the foundation of finite element model.
Sensitivity analysis module 302, for being known in the finite element model to the resistance according to Sensitivity Analysis Method
The modal parameter of Buddhist nun's Parameters variation sensitivity.
The type of damping parameter to be identified is at least one kind in the embodiment of the present invention, such as：Damped coefficient and material resistance
Buddhist nun's ratio.In embodiments of the present invention, modal parameter is a general name, per single order modal parameter all containing there are one modal frequency, moulds
The state vibration shape, modal damping, modal stiffness, modal mass etc. arrange modal frequency from small to large, and minimum is referred to as the first rank
The exponent number of mode, modal parameter needed for identification process can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
Modal parameter and damping parameter belong to the inherent feature of mechanical structure, after constructing finite element model, in order to
So that the modal parameter and damping parameter in finite element model all close to physical model, need constantly to finely tune mode ginseng
Number and damping parameter.It is associated with since modal parameter exists with damping parameter itself, i.e., after modal parameter adjusts, damping parameter
It necessarily changes, but since the relevance between different modalities parameter and different damping parameter varies, in order to more accurate
Really identify damping parameter, it is necessary to the modal parameter sensitive to damping parameter variation is found out, in this way by adjusting to damping
The modal parameter of Parameters variation sensitivity can be identified damping parameter to higher efficiency.In embodiments of the present invention, pass through
Sensitivity Analysis Method knows modal parameter sensitive to damping parameter variation in finite element model, Sensitivity Analysis Method
It is the state of one system (or model) of research and analysis or the sensitive journey that output variation changes systematic parameter or ambient conditions
The method of degree.
Module 303 is encouraged, for applying identical exciting force respectively to the physical model and finite element model, is obtained real
The modal parameter of body Model and the modal parameter of finite element model.
It should be noted that by applying exciting force to physical model, the acceleration responsive of physical model can be collected,
By analyzing acceleration responsive, the modal parameter of each rank of physical model and finite element model can be identified.This hair
Identical exciting force described in bright embodiment refer to exciting force apply position, size and Orientation it is identical.
Object function module 304, the phase of the modal parameter of modal parameter and finite element model for determining physical model
Guan Xing, and object function is built according to the error meeting correlation and the modal parameter sensitive between damping parameter variation.
By the prior art it is found that only carrying out the modal parameter for belonging to the same vibration shape significant to Bizet, therefore obtaining
After the modal parameters at different levels for obtaining physical model and finite element model, it is thus necessary to determine that the mode of physical model and finite element model is joined
Several correlations.Judged at present there are mainly two types of method：A kind of method is to observe by the naked eye, and it is exactly same to feel similar
Rank, this method is intuitive, but does not have quantizating index.Another method is then by modal assurance criterion criterion (Modal
Assurance Criterion, MAC) judge, judge that there is advantage with high accuracy using MAC methods.
Meeting correlation and referring to the modal parameter of damping parameter variation sensitivity described in the embodiment of the present invention：On the one hand
Selected modal parameter is sensitive to the variation of damping parameter, allows for damping parameter in this way and sends small variation, target letter
Number can also occur significantly to change；On the other hand, selected modal parameter needs correlation, for example, being selected in physical model
What is taken is the modal frequency of 2 ranks, and what is chosen in finite element model is the modal frequency of 3 ranks, this is because 2 rank moulds of physical model
The state vibration shape is consistent with 3 rank Mode Shapes in finite element model, therefore 2 rank modal frequencies and finite element model in Task entity model
In the 3 rank model vibration shapes be relevant.
Optimization module 305 is made for determining damping parameter when making the object function stable convergence according to optimization algorithm
For the actual damping parameter of the damping system.
It should be noted that passing through the value of damping parameter in optimization algorithm optimized FEMs model so that having after optimization
It is very close to limit the corresponding modal parameter of meta-model modal parameter corresponding with physical model, reaches the finite element model after optimization
It is capable of the effect of actual response physical model.It should be noted that when by the computational methods practical application of the embodiment of the present invention
It was found that only needing Optimized Iterative 5-15 times, you can function to achieve the objective stable convergence is substantially better than the static(al) of the prior art in efficiency
Learn testing method or dynamic testing machine test method.
Fig. 4 shows the functional block diagram of sensitivity analysis module of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown, sensitivity analysis module
Including：
Damping parameter adjustment unit 401 is obtained for changing the damping parameter in the finite element model within a preset range
Obtain the variable quantity of damping parameter；
It should be noted that having preset the adjusting range of damping parameter in the embodiment of the present invention, damping parameter is modulated every time
When, damping parameter is all adjusted within a preset range.
Sensitivity acquiring unit 402, the variable quantity for calculating modal parameter in the finite element model according to perturbation method,
For any one modal parameter, using the variable quantity of the variable quantity of the modal parameter and damping parameter as the spirit of the modal parameter
Sensitivity.
For example, being ξ before damping parameter variation, i-th of modal parameter is A, is Δ ξ+ξ, the mode after damping parameter variation
Parameter is A ', then the sensitivity of the modal parameter is：(A'-A)/Δξ.
Sensitivity matrix acquiring unit 403, for building sensitivity to the sensitivity of damping parameter according to each modal parameter
Matrix.
It should be noted that the i-th row j row D of sensitivity matrix Dij, indicate i-th j-th of damping parameter of rank modal parameter pair
Sensitivity.Obviously, if damping parameter only to be identified, j=1.For example, in some damping system, preceding 6 rank mode
Frequency is respectively 0.01,0.02,0.03,0.03,0.01,0.01 to the sensitivity of certain damping parameter.Therefore the sensitivity constituted
Matrix is：[0.01,0.02,0.03,0.03,0.01,0.01].
Modal parameter acquiring unit 404, for being known in the finite element model to described according to the sensitivity matrix
The sensitive modal parameter of damping parameter variation.
It should be noted that becoming to some damping parameter since every a line of sensitivity matrix represents each rank modal parameter
The sensitivity of change, therefore in order to obtain the modal parameter sensitive to the variation of some damping parameter, it is only necessary to from sensitivity matrix
In higher sensitivity, a certain number of modal parameters are selected in one row element of the corresponding damping parameter of selection.With above-mentioned sensitive
It spends for matrix, it can be seen that the value highest of the 3rd row and the 4th column element is 0.03, therefore just 3 rank modal frequencies of selection and 4 ranks
Modal frequency is as the modal parameter sensitive to damping parameter variation.
On the basis of the various embodiments described above, excitation module specifically includes：
Entity exciting unit for applying exciting force to the physical model, while acquiring pumping signal and response signal,
Test modal analysis is carried out to the test signal of the physical model, obtains the modal parameter of the physical model；
Model exciting unit calculates the finite element for the pumping signal to be loaded onto in the finite element model
The response signal of model carries out computational modal analysis to the response signal of the finite element model, obtains the finite element model
Modal parameter.
As it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that in finite element model calculate vibration signal node position with
The position consistency that the measured point of vibration signal is acquired in physical model, ensure that calculating in this way is the vibration letter of the same position
Number.
On the basis of the various embodiments described above, the object function module of the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes：Correlation determines
Unit, the correlation of the modal parameter of modal parameter and finite element model for determining physical model；Object function unit is used
According to the error structure object function meeting correlation and the modal parameter sensitive between damping parameter variation.
Wherein, correlation determination unit is specifically used for：
The correlation of Mode Shape is evaluated using modal assurance criterion criterion：
Wherein,The jth first order mode of the i-th first order mode and finite element model of presentation-entity model respectively；
If MACijMore than predetermined threshold value, it is determined that the i-th rank modal parameter of physical model and the jth rank mould of finite element model
State parameter has correlation.
Fig. 5 shows the functional block diagram of the object function unit of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 5, object function unit
Further comprise：
Target modalities parameter subelement 501, for determining mould with correlation and sensitive to damping parameter variation
State parameter, as target modalities parameter；
It should be noted that the embodiment of the present invention is first according to the sensitivity analysis mould sensitive to damping parameter variation
Then state parameter, such as 2 rank modal frequencies, 3 rank modal dampings, 2 rank modal stiffness etc. will be based on identical exciting force and obtain in fact
The modal parameter of the modal parameter of body Model and finite element model carries out correlation analysis, is found out from finite element model and entity
The relevant modal frequency of 2 section modal frequencies of model saves the relevant modal damping of modal dampings and and entity with the 3 of physical model
The 2 relevant modal stiffness of rank modal stiffness of model, that is, obtain target modalities parameter.
Weight setting subelement 502, for the corresponding weight of each target modalities parameter to be arranged according to preset rules；
It should be noted that since there may be differences for sensitivity that damping parameter changes for different target modal parameter
It is different, while there is also differences for the influence of damping parameter for different target modal parameter, it therefore, can be rule of thumb to a
The corresponding weight of target modalities parameter setting.
Object function builds subelement 503, for building object function according to following formula：
Wherein,Indicate i-th of target modalities parameter in finite element model,In presentation-entity model withIt is corresponding
I-th of target modalities parameter, Δ siIndicate the error between i-th of target modalities parameter, w in finite element model and physical modeli
Indicate the corresponding weight of i-th of target modalities parameter, TminIndicate object function, i.e., with mesh in finite element model and physical model
The minimum value that the product of error and weight is summed again between mark modal parameter is desired value.
On the basis of the various embodiments described above, the optimization algorithm that optimization module uses is sequential quadratic programming algorithm, ant colony
One kind in algorithm, genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and particle cluster algorithm.In a preferred embodiment, optimization algorithm is
Sequential Quadratic Programming method, it is verified, it, can quickly will about using the optimization method of Sequential Quadratic Programming method and sensitivity analysis
The solution of beam equation group is converted into constrained optimization problem, both ensure that the equivalent precision of model, has in turn ensured the speed of iterative calculation
Degree.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the damping system includes damping unit, the damping unit it is fixedly connected below
On the support surface, a mass block is fixed above the damping unit；
Correspondingly, finite element model module is specifically used for：It is built using the lumped mass dot element in finite element analysis software
The quality point model for founding the mass block carries out grid using the connection unit in finite element analysis software to the damping unit
It divides, the finite element model is established according to the damping unit after the quality point model and mesh generation.
It should be noted that the foundation of finite element model is that mechanical structure is converted to multinode with unit to be connected, section
Point is the coordinate of a point in mechanical structure, specifies a number and coordinate position.After the completion of node foundation, need to use
Mechanical structure is connected into unit according to node, and completes finite element model by unit appropriate.Unit selection correctness, will
Determine last analysis result.Finite element analysis software (such as ANSYS) provides certain amount heterogeneity and the list of type
Member, each unit have fixed number, such as LINK is No. 1 unit, and SOLID is No. 45 unit.Cell type is
The unit type of mechanical structure system, such as desk can be made of table-top unit and feet unit, in embodiments of the present invention, will
Damping system carries out mesh generation by lumped mass dot element (MASS), regards mass block as a lumped mass using MASS
Point can play simplified model, reduce calculation amount, accelerate the effect of calculating speed；By damping unit by connection unit (BUSH)
Mesh generation is carried out, the damping parameter of damping unit can be defined using BUSH.
In one alternate embodiment, by changing the size of the mass block above damping unit, quality point can be obtained
The different and identical system of damping unit, by the way that the system is identified, can also solve single model can not describe to damp
The problem of frequency domain Damped Nonlinear of unit.
On the basis of the various embodiments described above, excitation module is applying phase respectively to the physical model and finite element model
Same exciting force, is additionally operable to before：Acceleration transducer is adhered to mass block surface, it is vertically arranged several in mass block upper edge
A test point is vertically sequentially generated pumping signal when so that applying exciting force.It should be noted that because practical rubber subtracts
The operative orientation of device of shaking is vertical, so being more advantageous to the resistance for identifying actual rubber absorbers by the way of vertically encouraging
Buddhist nun's parameter.
Fig. 6 shows the block schematic illustration of the electronic equipment of the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference Fig. 6, the electronic equipment, including：Processor (processor) 601, memory (memory) 602 and total
Line 603；
Wherein, the processor 601 and memory 602 complete mutual communication by the bus 603；
The processor 601 is used to call the program instruction in the memory 602, to execute above-mentioned each method embodiment
The method provided, such as including：According to the physical model of damping system structure and the relevant finite element model of damping parameter；Root
Modal parameter sensitive to damping parameter variation in the finite element model is known according to Sensitivity Analysis Method；To the reality
Body Model and finite element model apply identical exciting force respectively, obtain the modal parameter of physical model and the mould of finite element model
State parameter；Determine the correlation between the modal parameter of physical model and the modal parameter of finite element model, and related according to meeting
Property and the modal parameter sensitive between damping parameter variation error build object function；Make institute according to optimization algorithm determination
Damping parameter when object function stable convergence is stated, as the actual damping parameter of the damping system.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of non-transient computer readable storage medium, and the non-transient computer is readable
Storage medium stores computer instruction, and the computer instruction makes the computer execute what above-mentioned each method embodiment was provided
Method, such as including：According to the physical model of damping system structure and the relevant finite element model of damping parameter；According to sensitivity
Analysis method knows modal parameter sensitive to damping parameter variation in the finite element model；To the physical model and
Finite element model applies identical exciting force respectively, obtains the modal parameter of physical model and the modal parameter of finite element model；
Determine the correlation between the modal parameter of physical model and the modal parameter of finite element model, and according to meeting correlation and to institute
State the error structure object function between the sensitive modal parameter of damping parameter variation；Make the target letter according to optimization algorithm determination
Damping parameter when number stable convergence, as the actual damping parameter of the damping system.
In order to more intuitively show the embodiment of the present invention damping parameter computational methods technique effect, now with regard to a reality
Example illustrates.In this example, damping system includes the rubber block that a vertical stiffness is about 15N/mm, is used above rubber block
Screw fixes the mass block of a 9.5kg, is connected on ground with screw below rubber block, in finite element software, uses
Bush units simulate rubber block, using lumped mass point come analog-quality block.Bush units one end is clamped, and other end passes through
Node overlaps quality of connection point.It is 1 Bush unit, 1 Lumped mass unit to establish its finite element model.In this example
Implementation process in find that modal characteristics value changes damping value most sensitive, therefore with the mould of physical model and finite element model
Error between state characteristic value builds object function.In initial finite element model, damping value is set as 4.5Ns/mm, is after identification
4.5N·s/mm.Fig. 7 shows that the convergence curve of the imaginary part error of modal characteristics value in this example, Fig. 8 are shown in this example
The convergence curve of the real part error of modal characteristics value, Fig. 9 show the convergence curve of damping parameter in this example (i.e. damping value).
From, as can be seen that damping parameter tends towards stability after 12 iteration, expression has optimized completion, ultrahigh in efficiency in Fig. 7-9.
The apparatus embodiments described above are merely exemplary, wherein the unit illustrated as separating component can
It is physically separated with being or may not be, the component shown as unit may or may not be physics list
Member, you can be located at a place, or may be distributed over multiple network units.It can be selected according to the actual needs
In some or all of module achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.Those of ordinary skill in the art are not paying creativeness
Labour in the case of, you can to understand and implement.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that each embodiment can
It is realized by the mode of software plus required general hardware platform, naturally it is also possible to pass through hardware.Based on this understanding, on
Stating technical solution, substantially the part that contributes to existing technology can be expressed in the form of software products in other words, should
Computer software product can store in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD, including several fingers
It enables and using so that a computer equipment (can be personal computer, server or the network equipment etc.) executes each implementation
Method described in certain parts of example or embodiment.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that：It still may be used
With technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；
And these modifications or replacements, various embodiments of the present invention technical solution that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of recognition methods of damping parameter, which is characterized in that including：
According to the physical model of damping system structure and the relevant finite element model of damping parameter；
Modal parameter sensitive to damping parameter variation in the finite element model is known according to Sensitivity Analysis Method；
Identical exciting force is applied respectively to the physical model and finite element model, obtain the modal parameter of physical model and is had
Limit the modal parameter of meta-model；
Determine the correlation between the modal parameter of physical model and the modal parameter of finite element model, and according to meet correlation and
Error the modal parameter sensitive between damping parameter variation builds object function；
Damping parameter when making the object function stable convergence is determined according to optimization algorithm, it is actual as the damping system
Damping parameter.
2. recognition methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that know the finite element according to Sensitivity Analysis Method
The modal parameter sensitive to damping parameter variation in model, specially：
Change the damping parameter in the finite element model within a preset range, obtains the variable quantity of damping parameter；
The variable quantity that modal parameter in the finite element model is calculated according to perturbation method, for any one modal parameter, by this
Sensitivity of the ratio of the variable quantity of modal parameter and the variable quantity of damping parameter as the modal parameter；
Sensitivity matrix is built to the sensitivity of damping parameter according to each modal parameter；
Modal parameter sensitive to damping parameter variation in the finite element model is known according to the sensitivity matrix.
3. recognition methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to the physical model and finite element model point
Do not apply identical exciting force, obtains the modal parameter of the modal parameter and each rank of finite element model of physical model, specially：
Exciting force is applied to the physical model, while acquiring pumping signal and response signal, the test to the physical model
Signal carries out test modal analysis, obtains the modal parameter of the physical model；
The pumping signal is loaded onto in the finite element model, the response signal of the finite element model is calculated, to described
The response signal of finite element model carries out computational modal analysis, obtains the modal parameter of the finite element model.
4. recognition methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the basis has correlation and joins to the damping
Error between the sensitive modal parameter of number variation builds object function, specially：
Modal parameter with correlation and sensitive to damping parameter variation is determined, as target modalities parameter；
According to preset rules, the corresponding weight of each target modalities parameter is set；
Object function is built according to following formula：
Wherein,Indicate i-th of target modalities parameter in finite element model,In presentation-entity model withCorresponding i-th
A target modalities parameter, Δ siIndicate the error between i-th of target modalities parameter, w in finite element model and physical modeliIt indicates
The corresponding weight of i-th of target modalities parameter, TminIndicate object function.
5. recognition methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the modal parameter of the determining physical model and limited
Correlation between the modal parameter of meta-model, specially：
The correlation of Mode Shape is evaluated using modal assurance criterion criterion：
Wherein,The jth first order mode of the i-th first order mode and finite element model of presentation-entity model respectively；
If MACijMore than predetermined threshold value, it is determined that the i-th rank modal parameter of physical model and the jth rank mode ginseng of finite element model
Number has correlation.
6. recognition methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the optimization algorithm be sequential quadratic programming algorithm,
One kind in ant group algorithm, genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and particle cluster algorithm.
7. recognition methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the damping system includes damping unit, the resistance
Buddhist nun's unit it is fixedly connected below on the support surface, a mass block is fixed above the damping unit；
Correspondingly, described according to the physical model of damping system structure and the relevant finite element model of damping parameter, specially：
The quality point model that the mass block is established using the lumped mass dot element in finite element analysis software, utilizes finite element
Connection unit in analysis software carries out mesh generation to the damping unit, after the quality point model and mesh generation
Damping unit establish the finite element model.
8. recognition methods according to claim 7, which is characterized in that described to the physical model and finite element model point
Do not apply identical exciting force, further includes before：
Acceleration transducer is adhered to mass block surface, in several vertically arranged test points of mass block upper edge, so that applying
It is vertically sequentially generated pumping signal when adding exciting force.
9. a kind of electronic equipment, which is characterized in that including：
At least one processor；And
At least one processor being connect with the processor communication, wherein：
The memory is stored with the program instruction that can be executed by the processor, and the processor calls described program to instruct energy
Enough execute method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. a kind of non-transient computer readable storage medium, which is characterized in that the non-transient computer readable storage medium is deposited
Computer instruction is stored up, the computer instruction makes the computer execute method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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