CN108801635B - A kind of experimental provision and method for the variable diameter of axle sliding bearing dynamic characteristic test of series - Google Patents

A kind of experimental provision and method for the variable diameter of axle sliding bearing dynamic characteristic test of series Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108801635B
CN108801635B CN201810550688.9A CN201810550688A CN108801635B CN 108801635 B CN108801635 B CN 108801635B CN 201810550688 A CN201810550688 A CN 201810550688A CN 108801635 B CN108801635 B CN 108801635B
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China
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axle
bearing
series
eddy current
displacement sensor
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CN108801635A (en
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杨利花
吴垚
吴达涛
徐腾飞
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04Bearings
    • G01M13/045Acoustic or vibration analysis
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/02Vibration-testing by means of a shake table

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of experimental provision and method for the variable diameter of axle sliding bearing dynamic characteristic test of series, which includes drive system, necked part and its lubricating system, data collection system;Drive system is made of asynchronous machine and frequency converter, asynchronous machine is connect by high-speed flexible shaft coupling with axle journal one end, axle journal is supported with two rolling bearings, and rolling bearing is lubricated by oil-air lubrication device, data collection system is made of sensor and its Amplifier And Computer, the acquired card of the data that sensor measures, which acquires and inputs computer, to be stored, by motor driven rotor, and series can be measured by the static load of loading device change bearing and dynamic load increment and can be changed the dynamic characteristic of hydrodynamical journal bearing under the diameter of axle.

Description

A kind of experimental provision for the variable diameter of axle sliding bearing dynamic characteristic test of series and Method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of performance test of sliding bearing more particularly to a kind of variable diameter of axle series dynamical pressure radials The experimental provision and method of sliding bearing dynamic characteristic.
Background technique
Fluid lubrication film pressure is that sliding bearing floats rotor, and complete dynamic pressure is formed between axle journal and bearing shell working surface One of the basis of fluid lubrication and the important performance characteristic of dynamical pressure radial bearing.Currently, the performance test of bush(ing) bearing The test experiments for mainly carrying out bearing capacity and dynamic coefficients, although mentioning bearing parameter and operating condition in some documents Have an impact to bearing dynamic property, but a kind of sliding bearing of fixed diameter of axle can only be tested by building an experimental bench, The test device and recognition methods for adapting to different diameter of axle series bearings are not provided.Foil is described in detail in some in existing literature The test method of piece kinetic pressure gas transverse bearing dynamic rate and damped coefficient, such as: " Compliant foil bearing Structural stiffness analysis-part1:theoretical model including strip and Variable bump foil geometry " (publishes in " Journal of Tribology " VOL115, NO.3,1993, P364- 369) dynamic force with two vibration excitor dummy activities on the non-rotating shaft that elastic foil bearing supports is proposed, according to not Bearing dynamic rate and equivalent viscous damping are calculated with the experimental data under operating condition, by applying two different frequencies to bearing The exciting force of rate, mutual Line independent goes out eight coefficient of dynamics, that is, dynamic excitation by eight independent equation solutions Method.For hydrodynamic sliding bearing, the gap between bearing and journal surface is more much smaller than the gap of rolling bearing, the work of bearing It is up to tens of thousands of or even hundreds of thousands as revolving speed to turn, as kinetic pressure gas/oil liquid sliding bearing is in the device that is centrifuged at a high speed, atomic reaction Extensive use in the high-speed rotating machines such as the cooling compressor of heap, turbogenerator, gas turbine, passes through a set of experimental facilities The dynamic characteristic of test different model sliding bearing is particularly important.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, it is sliding for the variable diameter of axle of series that the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind The experimental provision and method of dynamic bearing dynamic characteristic test, can carry out aero dynamic bearing and oil lubrication bearing fluid film is dynamic Step response test, and dynamic rate and damped coefficient are identified by influence coefficient method and dynamic excitation method.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme is that
A kind of experimental provision for the variable diameter of axle sliding bearing dynamic characteristic test of series, including asynchronous machine 1 and with Connection frequency converter 21, asynchronous machine 1 connect by high-speed flexible shaft coupling 2 with 14 one end of axle journal, and axle journal 14 is by the axis of rolling 7 bearings are held, rolling bearing 7 is mounted in rolling bearing pedestal 4, and axle journal 14 and variable radial axle sleeve 20 are connected by flat key 19,;Quilt Test series bush(ing) bearing 18 and its variable radial bearing holder (housing, cover) 17 of the diameter of axle are mounted in axle journal 14 and variable radial axle sleeve 20 Between section, be in suspended state, both ends are fixed in radial axle bearing sleeve 16, are tested series bush(ing) bearing 18 and its diameter of axle can Variable diameter is fixed on rolling bearing pedestal 4 with pull rod 13 respectively to 17 both ends of bearing holder (housing, cover), and radial axle bearing sleeve 16 is in the horizontal direction and vertical Histogram forms a pulley lever mechanism by cable wire 10 and pulley 8 and uses weight at one end to being connected respectively with one end of cable wire 10 11 pairs of code tested serial bush(ing) bearings 18 apply horizontal and plummet dead load;On radial axle bearing sleeve 16 install two with Horizontal direction electromagnetic exciter 23 at 45 ° applies the orthogonal dynamic alternation exciting force of both direction respectively, makes to be tested Make the microturbulence of opposite axle journal 14 near equilbrium position in serial 18 center of bush(ing) bearing;By on rolling bearing pedestal 4 Two the first eddy current displacement sensors 5 of installation are measured respectively in the tested serial bush(ing) bearing 18 in two exciting force directions The absolute displacement of the heart;One third eddy current displacement sensor is respectively installed close to the position of rolling bearing pedestal 4 at 14 both ends of axle journal 15, for measuring relative displacement of two exciting force direction bearing centres with respect to axle journal 14;16 two sides of radial axle bearing sleeve respectively at There are two the second eddy current displacement sensor 9, the probes of the second eddy current displacement sensor 9 to be directed toward relative coordinate side for 90 degree of installations To testing the opposite diameter of the center of axle journal 14 and tested serial bush(ing) bearing 18 both horizontally and vertically respectively To displacement, and using the average value of unidirectional two the second eddy current displacement sensors 9 as diametrically shift value;
It further include data collection system, data collection system includes electric with the first eddy current displacement sensor 5, second respectively Eddy displacement sensor 9 and the sequentially connected amplifier 26 of third eddy current displacement sensor 15, capture card 27 and computer 28, what the first eddy current displacement sensor 5, the second eddy current displacement sensor 9 and third eddy current displacement sensor 15 measured Signal acquires through capture card 27 after the amplification of amplifier 26 and inputs computer 28 and stored, to be analyzed.
The rolling bearing 7 is connected with oil-air lubrication device 22, is moistened by oil-air lubrication device 22 to rolling bearing 7 It is sliding.
The rolling bearing 7 is mounted in rolling bearing pedestal 4, and is applied with spring 3 to it and preloaded.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: matching between different serial flexible shaft diameter axle sleeves and the variable bearing holder (housing, cover) size of the diameter of axle It closes, ensure that the structure size of the variable diameter of axle sliding bearing of series, different shaft end end caps then ensure that tested series is radial The correct radial and axial positioning of sliding bearing.By motor driven rotor, and by loading device change bearing static load, Level needed for diameter of axle sliding bearing dynamic stiffness coefficient being can be changed with measure and calculation series and plummet are displaced;On equilbrium position The dynamic fortune of the serial sliding bearing dynamic damping coefficient of calculating can be measured by applying alternation dynamic excitation power to bearing by vibration excitor Dynamic parameter.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the variable diameter of axle bush(ing) bearing of tested series.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram that test series of the present invention can be changed diameter of axle bush(ing) bearing dynamic property device.
Fig. 3 is the sensor setting schematic diagram that test series of the present invention can be changed diameter of axle bush(ing) bearing.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of data collection system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 (a) is the general assembly isometric view of the variable diameter of axle bush(ing) bearing of tested series, and Fig. 5 (b) is general assembly The full sectional view of distribution structure.
Specific embodiment
Structural principle and working principle of the invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 1, it is tested the structure of series bush(ing) bearing are as follows: including 18 He of tested serial bush(ing) bearing Variable radial direction bearing holder (housing, cover) 17, axle journal 14 and variable radial axle sleeve 20, variable radial direction axle sleeve 20 are connect by flat key 19 with axle journal 14, Tested series bush(ing) bearing 18 is fastened between the first shaft end end cap 24 and the second shaft end end cap 25 by straight pin, And it is connect with screw with variable radial bearing holder (housing, cover) 17.By replacing different variable radial axle sleeve 20 and variable radial bearing holder (housing, cover) 17 The inside/outside diameter size for guaranteeing the tested serial bush(ing) bearing 18 of the series for measuring the different diameters of axle, passes through the first shaft end end cap 24 Guarantee the correct radial and axial position of tested serial bush(ing) bearing 18 with the second shaft end end cap 25.
Referring to fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b, the present invention is for the variable diameter of axle sliding bearing dynamic characteristic test of series Experimental provision, including drive system, necked part and its lubricating system, data collection system;Drive system includes asynchronous electricity Machine 1 and the frequency converter 21 being attached thereto, axle journal 14 are driven by high speed intermediate frequency asynchronous machine 1, and one end passes through high-speed flexible shaft coupling 2 It is connected with driving motor 1, and the revolving speed of motor 1 can be adjusted by adjusting the parameter of frequency converter 21;Axle journal 14 is symmetrical structure, It is supported with the identical rolling bearing 7 of two parameters, rolling bearing 7 is mounted in rolling bearing pedestal 4, and with spring 3 to it Application preloads, and rolling bearing 7 is connected by the gas channel 6 on rolling bearing pedestal 4 with an oil-air lubrication device 22, lubricating oil It is sent into rolling bearing 7 by gas channel 6 after the gasification of oil-air lubrication device 22 to be lubricated it, to prevent rolling bearing 7 from sending out Raw disabling damage, guarantees its normal work, extends bearing service life;Data collection system include respectively with the first current vortex position Displacement sensor 5, the second eddy current displacement sensor 9 and the sequentially connected amplifier 26 of third eddy current displacement sensor 15 are adopted Truck 27 and computer 28, the data that sensor measures acquire through capture card 27 after the amplification of amplifier 26 and input calculating Machine 28 is stored, to be analyzed;Tested series bush(ing) bearing 18 and its diameter of axle can be changed bearing holder (housing, cover) 17 and be mounted on 20 interlude of axle journal 14 and variable radial axle sleeve, is in suspended state, both ends pass through pin and screw and the first shaft end end respectively Lid 24 and the second shaft end end cap 25 are fixed in radial axle bearing sleeve 16, to prevent tested serial bush(ing) bearing 18 and can be changed The relative motion of the generation axial and circumferential of radial axle bearing sleeve 17.16 both ends of radial axle bearing sleeve are connected to the axis of rolling with pull rod 13 respectively It holds on seat 4, to limit tested serial bush(ing) bearing 18 in axial rotation, inclination and translational motion, and makes to be tested Serial bush(ing) bearing 18, variable radial bearing holder (housing, cover) 17 and its radial axle bearing sleeve 16 are in static quick condition.Transverse bearing 16 top of set and left are connected with one end of cable wire 10, form a pulley lever mechanism by cable wire 10 and pulley 8, at one end Dead load is applied to tested serial bush(ing) bearing 18 with counterweight 11;Two and level side are installed on radial axle bearing sleeve 16 To electromagnetic exciter 23 at 45 °, apply the orthogonal dynamic alternation exciting force of both direction respectively, makes bearing centre flat Nearby make the microturbulence of opposite axle journal 14 in weighing apparatus position;Divided by installing two eddy current displacement sensors 5 on rolling bearing pedestal 4 Not Ce Liang two exciting force direction bearing centres absolute displacement;Eddy current displacement sensor 15 is mounted on 4 liang of rolling bearing pedestal Side is for measuring relative displacement of two exciting force direction bearing centres with respect to axle journal 14;16 two sides of radial axle bearing sleeve are respectively at 90 There are two eddy current displacement sensor 9, probes to be directed toward relative coordinate direction for degree installation, tests axle journal 16 and tested series respectively The relatively radially displacement of the center of bush(ing) bearing 18 both horizontally and vertically, and with unidirectional two electric whirlpools The average value of displacement sensor 9 is flowed as diametrically shift value.
All the sensors have respective amplifier, the amplifier signal high-speed multifunctional capture card of output in the present invention 27 carry out data acquisition with certain sample frequency, and are stored with computer 28 to carry out offline or online processing.It is right For bush(ing) bearing, its stiffness coefficient can be measured by influence coefficient method, i.e., according to the second eddy current displacement sensor 9 Horizontal displacement and plummet displacement under the corresponding horizontal and plummet dead load measured, the horizontal load measured according to experiment, plummet Load, horizontal displacement and vertical displacements, the influence coefficient obtained by equilibrium condition find out tested serial bush(ing) bearing 18 stiffness coefficient;Tested bearing dynamic damping coefficient is obtained using dynamic excitation method, tested to floating in equilbrium position It tries serial bush(ing) bearing 18 and applies dynamic alternating load, it is opposite that experiment measures 18 center of tested serial bush(ing) bearing The relative displacement of axle journal 14 and the absolute displacement of bearing centre find out tested serial bush(ing) bearing 18 in influence coefficient method On the basis of stiffness coefficient, the dynamic damping coefficient of tested serial bush(ing) bearing is acquired according to the equation of motion.
The working principle of the invention is: the dynamic of the tested serial bush(ing) bearing 18 of experimental rig test of the invention The process of characteristic is, by experimental bench each section installation and debugging after, the running parameter of adjustment frequency converter 21 first is different to set The working speed and speed up time of motor 1 are walked, and starts oil-air lubrication device 22 and rolling bearing 7 is lubricated, opens computer 28 log-on data acquisition systems;Then starting frequency converter 21 makes asynchronous machine 1 that axle journal 14 and variable radial axle sleeve 20 be driven to rotate, The first eddy current displacement sensor 5, the second eddy current displacement sensor 9 and third eddy current displacement sensor 15 start work at this time Make and pass through capture card 27 to sample each sensing data;When the revolving speed of asynchronous machine 1 reaches the working speed of setting, Closing frequency converter 21 makes asynchronous machine 1 gradually slow down until stopping working, and finally stores adopting for all the sensors with computer 28 Sample data are to be analyzed;After experiment, it can be swashed by influence coefficient method and dynamic according to the experimental data of each sensor The coefficient of dynamics of the tested serial bush(ing) bearing 18 of vibration method identification, influence coefficient method is sensed by the second current vortex displacement Device 9 measures horizontal displacement and vertical displacements of tested serial 18 center of bush(ing) bearing with respect to axle journal 14, by equilibrium condition Obtained influence coefficient finds out the dynamic stiffness coefficient of tested serial bush(ing) bearing 18;Dynamic excitation method is the first electric whirlpool Stream displacement sensor 5 and third eddy current displacement sensor 15 measure 18 center of tested serial bush(ing) bearing with respect to axle journal The absolute displacement at 18 center of 14 relative displacement and tested serial bush(ing) bearing, finds out bearing rigidity in influence coefficient method On the basis of coefficient, the dynamic damping coefficient of tested serial bush(ing) bearing 18 is acquired according to the equation of motion.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of experimental provision for the variable diameter of axle sliding bearing dynamic characteristic test of series, it is characterised in that: including asynchronous Motor (1) and the frequency converter (21) being attached thereto, asynchronous machine (1) pass through high-speed flexible shaft coupling (2) and axle journal (14) one end Connection, axle journal (14) are supported by rolling bearing (7), and rolling bearing (7) is mounted in rolling bearing pedestal (4), axle journal (14) and can Variable diameter is connected to axle sleeve (20) by flat key (19);Series variable diameter of axle sliding bearing (18) and its variable radial bearing holder (housing, cover) of the diameter of axle (17) it is mounted on axle journal (14) and variable radial axle sleeve (20) interlude, is in suspended state, both ends are fixed on radial axle bearing sleeve (16) in, series variable diameter of axle sliding bearing (18) and its variable radial bearing holder (housing, cover) (17) both ends of the diameter of axle use pull rod (13) solid respectively It is scheduled on rolling bearing pedestal (4), radial axle bearing sleeve (16) both horizontally and vertically one end phase with cable wire (10) respectively Even, form a pulley lever mechanism by cable wire (10) and pulley (8) uses counterweight (11) sliding to the variable diameter of axle of series at one end Dynamic bearing (18) applies horizontal and vertical dead load;Two are installed on radial axle bearing sleeve (16) from the horizontal by 45 ° of electricity Magnet exciter (23) applies the orthogonal dynamic alternation exciting force of both direction respectively, makes the variable diameter of axle sliding bearing of series (18) microturbulence of opposite axle journal (14) is made at center near equilbrium position;By installing two the on rolling bearing pedestal (4) One eddy current displacement sensor (5) measures two exciting force direction series respectively can be changed the absolute of diameter of axle sliding bearing (18) center Displacement;One third eddy current displacement sensor (15) is respectively installed close to the position of rolling bearing pedestal (4) at axle journal (14) both ends, For measuring relative displacement of two exciting force direction bearing centres with respect to axle journal (14);Radial axle bearing sleeve (16) two sides respectively at There are two the second eddy current displacement sensor (9), the probes of the second eddy current displacement sensor (9) to be directed toward opposite sit for 90 degree of installations Direction is marked, axle journal (14) is tested respectively and series can be changed the center of diameter of axle sliding bearing (18) both horizontally and vertically It is relatively radially displaced, and using the average value of unidirectional two the second eddy current displacement sensors (9) as diametrically position Shifting value;
Further include data collection system, data collection system include respectively with the first eddy current displacement sensor (5), the second electric whirlpool Flow displacement sensor (9) and third eddy current displacement sensor (15) sequentially connected amplifier (26), capture card (27) and Computer (28), the first eddy current displacement sensor (5), the second eddy current displacement sensor (9) and third current vortex displacement pass The signal that sensor (15) measures acquires through capture card (27) after amplifier (26) amplify and inputs computer (28) and stored, To be analyzed.
2. the experimental provision according to claim 1 for the variable diameter of axle sliding bearing dynamic characteristic test of series, special Sign is: the rolling bearing (7) is connected with oil-air lubrication device (22), by oil-air lubrication device (22) to rolling bearing (7) It is lubricated.
3. the experimental provision according to claim 1 for the variable diameter of axle sliding bearing dynamic characteristic test of series, special Sign is: being applied with spring (3) to the rolling bearing (7) and is preloaded.
CN201810550688.9A 2018-05-31 2018-05-31 A kind of experimental provision and method for the variable diameter of axle sliding bearing dynamic characteristic test of series Expired - Fee Related CN108801635B (en)

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