CN108797511A - A method of needing the Water Resources Allocation of water towards river channel ecology - Google Patents
A method of needing the Water Resources Allocation of water towards river channel ecology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for the Water Resources Allocation for needing water towards river channel ecology, including：In water resource allocation, it is biotope by ecological water demand of rivers simplified section, it establishes between water source and biotope and contacts, and meet the constraint of water resource allocation, virtual reservoir is being set close to the upstream of biotope, the water resource allocation of ecology-oriented scheduling is built, biotope water consumption rate is set as 0, and the storage capacity of virtual reservoir is set as 0；It is dispatched according to the following rules in the water resource allocation of ecological dispatching process, ecology-oriented scheduling：Upper pond amount of water to be discharged, section confluence carry out water and are first used for biotope water supply, let out under superfluous water into virtual reservoir；If biotope insufficient water, upstream reservoir hair water transfer instruction, carries out ecological water supplement.The present invention realizes the long series analog process of multiple target, meets the needs of different objects with water, is of great significance to carrying out comprehensive reclamation to river basin and formulating river basin ecological water complementation in planning level.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological dispatching fields, and in particular to a kind of side for the Water Resources Allocation for needing water towards river channel ecology
Method.
Background technology
Ecological dispatching is intended to rescue or restore river ecosystem in damaged condition, promotes river ecosystem self-regeneration energy
Power improves and the general designation in the every river and Hydraulic Projects Operation Measures of implementation, and essence is exactly to bring ecological factor into existing water
It dispatches and carries out multiple target integrated dispatch in regional water resources allocation plan in library.Its usual way is to fully consider dam safety evaluation
Can and river conveying characteristic, store or release in due course runoff using reservoir capacity to adjust natural water sand process, improve reservoir area and
The river water environmental condition in downstream ensures river ecosystem water demand, realizes the societies such as flood control, power generation, water supply, irrigation, shipping
It can economic plurality of target.
In the research of ecological dispatching, consider that the hydraulic engineering Optimal Operation Model of Ecological discharge demand usually has three
Kind form：
The first is constraint control type model, i.e., Ecological discharge is added in the constraints of traditional Optimized model
Constraints, this class model are occurred that earliest including minimum ecological discharge restricted model (MEF models, Minimum
Ecological Flow), since its newly-increased ecological flow constraints is simple and fixed, changed on traditional Optimized model
It is convenient, it is easy to implement, therefore application is wider, but its to the protecting effect of the ecosystem just increasingly by people it is especially ecological
The query of scholar.The shortcomings that make up MEF models, scholar start to consider to build the methods for appropriate ecological flow of target species as constraint
Vertical Optimal Operation Model (CEF models, Calculated Ecological Flow), compared with MEF, ecological flow in CEF models
Amount is dynamic change, responds the use water flow demand of different biology difference Life Stages；The setting of its constraints ensures
The appropriate flow rate lower limiting value that target species change over time when reservoir operation；CEF model major advantages be it is with strong points, it is right
The protecting effect of target species is preferable, but the solution of methods for appropriate ecological flow is more complex compared with MEF, and modeling cost is higher, needs
It will a large amount of ecology and hydrographic data.Model notes also the selection of target species in utilization, in the hope of protecting to the greatest extent
River ecosystem.Later stage develops integrated flow rate restricted model and is then referred to as IEF models (Integrated
Ecological Flow), it is a complicated integrated system by river ecosystem, when there are multiple river ecologicals to manage mesh
When mark, IEF models may be a kind of preferable selection.
Second is target control pattern type, i.e., Ecological discharge is added in the object function of traditional Optimized model
Target, and gradually developed model methods, this models such as RVA (Shiau and Wu, 2007), IDH and met the more mesh of reservoir
The essence for marking scheduling problem is the new stage for considering the development of ecological flow Optimal Operation Model, is proposed to optimizing scheduling of reservoir
Higher ecological requirements.But the obtained scheduling scheme of this kind of model solution often reservoir social and economical benefits are brought it is larger
It influences.
The third is ecological value object type model, by inquiring into the economic benefit of Ecological discharge, forms ecological value
It is worth target；In the model, the release of ecological flow is considered a kind of economic activity, generates corresponding costs and benefits, this because
Son constitutes " Cost-Electiveness " model together with other costs and benefits of reservoir operation, and reservoir target is all realized currency
Change, and according to local conditions, the econometric function of definition reflection reservoir overall efficiency, by the method for working out whole cost come excellent
Change the scheduling scheme of reservoir.
In conclusion the hydraulic engineering Optimal Operation Model of three of the above Ecological discharge demand all has one-sidedness,
It is specific as follows：
(1) above-mentioned model is typically only capable to carry out ecological dispatching calculating to single reservoir, rather than is carried out in full basin level
It calculates；
(2) to that in terms of the constraint of ecological flow, can only be selected first, cannot be same in constraint control type and target control type
When take into account two kinds of about beam control methods, and be directed to and original water resource allocation rebuild, program development work
Work amount is big；
(3) above-mentioned model is typically only capable to simulate a kind of target of river channel ecology flow, cannot consider basin completely
Other interior social economy's supply and demand processes, Water Resources Allocation target resultant effect are unbalanced.
In view of this, being badly in need of a kind of new Water Resources Allocation scheme for needing water towards river channel ecology, can not only flow entirely
Domain level carries out ecological dispatching calculating, and takes into account constraint control type and target control type feature, fully considers in basin other
Social economy's supply and demand process, the balanced each target effect of Water Resources Allocation.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to design a kind of new Water Resources Allocation side that water is needed towards river channel ecology
Case can not only carry out ecological dispatching calculating in full basin level, and take into account constraint control type and target control type feature, fill
Other social economy's supply and demand processes in basin point are considered, the problem of balanced Water Resources Allocation each target effect.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is to provide one kind needing water towards river channel ecology
Water Resources Allocation method, include the following steps：
The water resource allocation E-WAS of ecology-oriented scheduling is built, specially：
In water resource allocation WAS, it is biotope by the water demand for natural service simplified section in river, establishes water source and life
Contact is established between state unit, and meets the constraint of water resource allocation WAS, virtual close to the setting of the upstream of biotope
Reservoir, biotope water consumption rate are set as 0, and the storage capacity of virtual reservoir is set as 0；
It is scheduled according to following rule in the water resource allocation E-WAS of ecological dispatching process, ecology-oriented scheduling：
The upper pond amount of water to be discharged of virtual reservoir, section confluence, enter virtual reservoir, carry out water and be initially used for ecology
Unit supplies water, and extra lets out under water；If upper pond water and section confluence cannot meet biotope water supply, swim upwards
Library sends out instruction and carries out water transfer, and upper pond occurs water and recalls, and realizes the ecological water supplement to downstream ecology unit；
Using dynamic programming method solve and calculate to complete water resource optimal allocation.
In the above-mentioned methods, the Water Resources Allocation calculation formula of the water resource allocation E-WAS of ecology-oriented scheduling is：
Virtual reservoir water balance equation：
QR (r, m+1)=0
Qrin(r,m+1)+Qrin0(r,m+1)+Qrin1(r, m+1)=Qrko(r,m+1)-Qrfo(r,m+1)
Wherein, QR (r, m+1) is virtual reservoir r in m+1 period end reservoir storages, Qrin(r,m+1)、Qrin0(r,m+1)、Qrin1
(r,m+1)、Qrko(r,m+1)、Qrfo(r, m+1) is respectively virtual reservoir r in m+1 period end interval inflows amount, upstream entity water
Library abandons water, calls in water, water supply, reservoir amount of water to be discharged；
Biotope water balance equation：
QU (u, m)=QUresu(u,m)+QUwru(u,m)+QUoresu(u,m)
Wherein, QU (u, m) is biotope u in period m Eco-environmental Water Demand, QUresu(u, m) is that biotope u exists
The corresponding virtual reservoir yields of period m, QUwru(u, m) is that biotope u regenerates water source water supply in period m, when in this river
When having water purification facilities in section, discharge tail water is as regeneration water source water supply, QUoresu(u, m) is biotope u in the period
M receives outer water transfer water supply.
In the above-mentioned methods, it for the calculating of object function, using the formula of water resource allocation WAS, but calculates single
It is first then include all water demand for natural service units.
In the above-mentioned methods, the water resource allocation E-WAS verifications of ecology-oriented scheduling include water cycle and water resource
Configuration verification, specially：
Water loop module is verified using key sections runoff first, water is examined further according to region social economy water supply
Water loop condition under resource allocation scheme.
In the above-mentioned methods, the verification of key sections Runoff Simulation is using the analogue value and allotment region downstream section measured value
Nash efficiency factors and related coefficient (R2) evaluated；
Water loop condition under Water Resource Adjustment & Distribution scheme is examined according to region social economy water supply, passes through what is obtained to model
Region social economy water consumption is compared with water resource bulletin in region with water statistical data, is verified.
In the above-mentioned methods, ecological water supplement scheme optimum principle is specific as follows：
Social and economic water consumption in the preferential support area of service reservoir；
It is for tributary make-up water measure priority：The recycled water of tributary upstream, non-water supply function reservoir, tributary regeneration downstream
Water；
In the case that water quality gets a promotion in tributary, uses and carry out moisturizing in such a way that branch is mended and done, first ensure each tributary
Water demand of ecological environment, to ensure mainstream water demand of ecological environment indirectly；
For the basin of no recycled water and reservoir resources, consider to carry out ecological water supplement from mainstream water lift or water system connection.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is based on the water resource allocations of fining, consider ecology reason flow about
The characteristics of beamforming model and ecological flow object type model, on the one hand use section ecological flow constrain reservoir water supply process, one
From the aspect of river channel ecology flow targets constraint, the water resource allocation of structure ecology-oriented scheduling, and by river
Water demand for natural service section generally changed in a model as biotope, Ecological Control target is included in Water Resource Adjustment & Distribution system,
It is contacted being established between a variety of water sources and social economy's unit, biotope, sets corresponding constraints, realize multiple target
Long series analog process reaches the distributed allotment purpose towards river cross-section ecological flow guarantee, and in basin, level realizes people
Class water makes overall plans and coordinate the ecological dispatching of calculating with river channel ecology flow, meets the needs of different objects with water, to carrying out basin
Comprehensive treatment and planning level formulate river basin ecological water complementation be of great significance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is traditional water resource allocation structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is a kind of method flow diagram of Water Resources Allocation for needing water towards river channel ecology provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is to build Water Resources Allocation system using the water resource allocation of ecology-oriented scheduling in the embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of network；
Fig. 4 is the calibration verification result figure simulate to Pingshan river downstream section runoff using the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that 1995-2015 years Shenzhen's water resource bulletin water statistical data simulate 1995-with using the present invention
2015 Pingshan social and economic water consumption amount comparison diagrams；
Fig. 6 is the hemiplegia time analogue flow rate comparison diagram under scheme 1 and scheme 2.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is based on the water resource allocation of fining (WAS), consider ecology reason traffic constraints pattern type and
On the one hand the characteristics of ecological flow object type model, uses section ecological flow to constrain reservoir water supply process, on the one hand considers river
The constraint of road ecological flow target, the water resource allocation (E-WAS) of structure ecology-oriented scheduling, and pass through the life to river
State needs water section generally to be changed in a model as biotope, and Ecological Control target is included in Water Resource Adjustment & Distribution system, will be more
It establishes and contacts between kind water source and social economy's unit, biotope, set corresponding constraints, realize multiple target water resource
The long series analog (the Water Resources Allocation process for simulating decades) of configuration, reaches towards river cross-section ecological flow guarantee
Distribution allotment (allotment for carrying out each unit on space-oriented) purpose, in basin, level realizes mankind's water and river channel ecology
Flow makes overall plans and coordinate the ecological dispatching of calculating, meets the needs of different objects with water, to carrying out comprehensive reclamation to river basin and advising
The level of drawing formulates river basin ecological water complementation and is of great significance.
Fining water resource allocation (WAS) herein
Existing WAS models (water resource allocation) by water circulation faults module (Water Simulation Module),
Water Resources Allocation module (Water Allocation Module) forms (Wang et al.2014；Sang et al.2017),
Traditional Water Resources Allocation mold three-dimensional-structure is shown in Fig. 1.
The calculating process of WAS models is as follows：First by the water resource change of water loop module simulated domain, in conjunction with industry
With water module analysis Region Theory water consumption and the recycled water module simulation amount of recycling, then use configuration strategy and rule into
Row reasonable allocation of water resources calculates, at the same will manually take, with, consumption, drain data feedback watering cycle module and simulated in real time
The regional water resources of subsequent period change, reciprocal with this, terminate until calculating, and propose final optimization pass scheme.
The function of WAS models and the relationship that intercouples：Surface water and groundwater, natural water cycle may be implemented in WAS models
Combined simulation is recycled with artificial water, other than statistical analysis module, each analog module is Real-time Feedback, mutual shadow in WAS models
Loud relationship.Regional water loop module can be with water such as the precipitation of simulated domain, earth's surface production confluence, the soil water, underground water and evaporations
Literary process provides for region water conservancy water supply project and carrys out water；Industry theory water applying model, which can be analyzed, calculates regional economy industry
Industry water consumption process under structure；Recycled water module can simulate the reused water processing under industrial pattern and recycle process,
Reclaimed water quantity is imported into related hydraulic engineering；Regional water resources allocation models carries out water resource optimization tune according to the information of front
Match.Water resource cycle transformational relation under the last given region effect of human activity and quantitative analysis, are water resources management
Take, use, consumption, row's total amount are closed diagnosis and provide quantitative support.
WAS model keys calculating side includes rainwash calculating, underground water calculating, water consumption calculation, Water Resources Allocation meter
Calculation and object function and solution, separately below illustrate various aspects.
(1) diameter stream calculation.
Often according to rainfall runoff observational data in engineering hydrology, using experiment statistics method (such as runoff coefficient method, drop
Rain runoff Correlogram and push pull azobenzene compounds etc.), or pass through empirical or study on conceptual hydrological models (such as Xinanjiang model
With the SCS curve models in the U.S. etc.) calculate rainwash, only citing is calculated using runoff coefficient method herein side
Case.It will observe and predict in the calculation and be distinguished into several computing units, its areal rainfall, different land use class are first found out to each computing unit
Type uses different runoff coefficients, and area's runoff yield, region Surface Runoff amount R are respectively observed and predicted through what Area-weighted averagely acquiredb(ten thousand m3)
Calculation formula is：
Rb=0.1 × ∑ Ri×Si；Ri=Pi×αi；
Wherein, SiFor the i-th computing unit area (km2)；RiFor the i-th computing unit hourly precipitation depth of runoff (mm)；PiIt is
I computing unit period precipitation (mm)；αiIt is dropped for the i-th computing unit related with the factors such as rainfall intensity, land use pattern
Rain runoff coefficient.
(2) Water Resources Allocation calculates.
The Water Resources Allocation of Water Resources Allocation module is mainly taken based on the Water Resources Allocation principle of simulation of rule, water resource
Configuration calculates and relates generally to reservoir equilibrium equation, subscriber unit equilibrium equation.
(1) reservoir water equilibrium equation.
QR (r, m+1)=QR (r, m)+Qrin(r,m+1)+Qrin0(r,m+1)+Qrin1(r,m+1)+
Qprin(r,m+1)-Qrko(r,m+1)-Qrfo(r,m+1)-Qrseep(r,m+1)-
Qret(r,m+1)-Qrko1(r,m+1)
Wherein, QR (r, m) is reservoir r in m period end reservoir storages；QR(r,m+1),Qrin(r,m+1)、Qrin0(r,m+1)、
Qrin1(r,m+1)、Qprin(r,m+1)、Qrko(r,m+1)、Qrfo(r,m+1)、Qrseep(r,m+1)、Qret(r,m+1)、Qrkol(r,m+
1) be respectively reservoir r m+1 period ends reservoir storage, interval inflow amount, upper pond abandon water, call in water, reservoir precipitation,
Water supply, reservoir amount of water to be discharged, reservoir leakage amount, reservoir evaporation amount and recall water.
Wherein, the interval inflow of reservoir, upper pond abandon water and when reservoir storage cannot meet water supply and need, can upstream
Reservoir sends out water transfer instruction, can be Q to the Reservoir Regulation, water diversion volume when upper pond has remaining reservoir storagerin1(r,m+
1).This process will embody emphasis in improved ecological water supplement model.
(2) subscriber unit water balance.
QU (u, m)=QUresu(u,m)+QUrivu(u,m)+QUshalu(u,m)+
QUdeepu(u,m)+QUwru(u,m)+QUotu(u,m)+QUoresu(u,m)
Wherein, QU (u, m) is water consumption (ten thousand m in the u subscriber unit m periods3)、QUresu(u, m) is the u subscriber unit m periods
Reservoir yield (ten thousand m3)、QUrivu(u, m) is u subscriber unit m period network of waterways water supply (ten thousand m3)、QUshalu(u, m) is u user
Unit m period shallow seated groundwater water supplies (ten thousand m3)、QUdeepu(u, m) is u subscriber unit m period deep water water supplies (ten thousand m3)、QUwru
(u, m) is u subscriber unit m period recycled water water supplies (ten thousand m3)、QUotu(u, m) is u subscriber unit m periods unconventional water (rain
Water, sea water desalination, brackish water) water supply (ten thousand m3)、QUoresu(u, m) is u subscriber unit m periods outer water transfer water supply library water
Measure (ten thousand m3)。
(3) object function and solution.
Regional water supply safety and water supply justice are Water Resources Allocation core objectives of concern, and WAS models use fairness
Optimal and object function of the water supply Deficient Ratio minimum as water resource optimal allocation.
(1) fairness optimal objective.
Wherein, F (x) is equity objective；GP(xh) it is fairness function；qhFor industry user's penalty；For region
The Deficient Ratio of industry user h in unit u；For the Deficient Ratio mean value of industry user h in territory element u；Myr is calculation interval
Year；N is moon value in year；Mh is the number of region industry Water consumption type；Mu is territory element number.
(2) Deficient Ratio minimum target.
Wherein, Y (x) is the stress target that supplies water；SW(xh) it is the stress function that supplies water；qhFor industry user's penalty；
For the Deficient Ratio of industry user h in territory element u；For the stress target stoichiometric value that supplies water each moon of region industry user h；
Myr is the year of calculation interval；N is moon value in year；Mh is the number of region industry Water consumption type；Mu is territory element number.
WAS models are solved using the non-dominant genetic changec algorithm based on elitism strategy, give each user's with each water source
Water is encoded as decision variable, to decision variable and is formed set of feasible solution, by the satisfaction for judging each individual
It selects the superior and eliminates the inferior, to generating set of feasible solution of new generation, and iteration completes water resource optimal allocation repeatedly.
The present invention is described in detail with specific implementation mode with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.
Although WAS models can be for carrying out fining configuration simulation to regional water resources, it is river to work as research object,
It is when ensureing ecological water demand of rivers process, to need to be improved WAS models to configure target, the water money of structure ecology-oriented scheduling
Source allocation models (E-WAS) enables the requirement for meeting the scheduling of multi-water resources river ecological；As shown in Fig. 2, provided by the invention
A method of the Water Resources Allocation needing water towards river channel ecology includes the following steps：
Step S10, the water resource allocation of structure ecology-oriented scheduling, specially：
What it is due to traditional water resource allocation consideration is water source (reservoir, regeneration water factory etc.) and social and economic water consumption family
Between water supply relationship need using the water demand for natural service section in river as life in order to make the simulation of ecological dispatching can be carried out
State unit is generally changed in a model, and is contacted being established between water source and biotope, and meets the constraint of WAS models, if
It is 0 to determine biotope water consumption rate.
In order to control different water sources in WAS models, realizes the dynamic adaptation supply of river ecological process, compare
In WAS models, E-WAS models increase virtual reservoir in grid, are matched with biotope, the storage capacity of virtual reservoir
It is set as " 0 "；Virtual reservoir effect is the amount of water to be discharged for accepting section upper pond, section production water and outer water transfer, itself is not
There is pondage capacity, in this way, all reservoir inflows to be directly fed to the Water Requirement of biotope, since Water Requirement consumes
Water rate is 0, so the ecological water supply for supplying this unit can be discharged downstream river, and since virtual reservoir capacity is 0, it is more
Remaining water can also be directly discharged into downstream river course.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart that Water Resources Allocation grid is built using the water resource allocation that ecology-oriented is dispatched,
The embodiment constructs most basic Water Resources Allocation grid, in practical application, due to river is there are branched stream etc.,
The Water Resources Allocation grid of structure will be increasingly complex.In the present embodiment, there are reservoir A, social water use sector B in water system,
Tributary imports mouth with mainstream ecological water supplement section C (Fig. 3 a), is generally changed to ecological water supplement section first, and biotope is set
C ' (Fig. 3 b) is setting virtual reservoir D (Fig. 3 c) close to the upstream of C ' later, is being matched with biotope C '.Virtual reservoir D
Storage capacity be set as " 0 ", effect is the amount of water to be discharged for accepting section upper pond A, section production water, work of itself not regulating and storing
With, all reservoir inflows directly feed the Water Requirement of biotope C ', since Water Requirement water consumption rate is 0, so
The ecological water supply for supplying this unit is discharged downstream river by water-break route, and since virtual reservoir capacity is 0, it is extra
Water can also be directly discharged into downstream river course.
Step S20, E-WAS models are scheduled in ecological dispatching process according to certain rule, specific as follows：
The upper pond amount of water to be discharged (Flood, abandon water etc.) of virtual reservoir, section confluence, enter virtual reservoir,
Carry out water and be initially used for biotope water supply, extra lets out under water；If upper pond water and section confluence cannot meet ecology
Unit supplies water, then upstream reservoir sends out instruction and carries out water transfer, and upper pond occurs water and recalls, realizes to downstream ecology unit
Ecological water supplement.
Step S30, using dynamic programming method solve and calculate to complete water resource optimal allocation.
The E-WAS models of the present invention can be on the basis of not changing WAS model internal core algorithms, by being flowed to calculating
The improvement of journey is aided with virtual reservoir and biotope, and the scheduling of section ecological flow is made to be coupled with water resource optimal allocation realization,
Realize that the Water Resources Allocation scheduling towards river ecological calculates, then the Water Resources Allocation calculation formula of E-WAS models is as follows：
(1) virtual reservoir water balance equation.
QR (r, m+1)=0
Qrin(r,m+1)+Qrin0(r,m+1)+Qrin1(r, m+1)=Qrko(r,m+1)-Qrfo(r,m+1)
Wherein, QR (r, m+1) is virtual reservoir r in m+1 period end reservoir storages, Qrin(r, m+1), Qrin0(r,m+1)、Qrin1
(r,m+1)、Qrko(r,m+1)、Qrfo(r, m+1) is respectively virtual reservoir r in m+1 period end interval inflows amount, upstream entity water
Library abandons water, calls in water, water supply, reservoir amount of water to be discharged；Water supply among these refers to towards section water demand of ecological environment
Water supply；When the interval inflow of the virtual reservoir and abandoning water and cannot meeting corresponding biotope water requirement for upper pond
When, upstream water transfer instruction can be sent out by entity reservoir, when upstream entity reservoir is when completing water supply task also remaining reservoir storage
Can be to the Reservoir Regulation, water diversion volume is Qrin1(r,m+1).At this moment water is called in from the entity reservoir, so that it may be regarded as the reality
The ecology filling water of body reservoir, i.e. reservoir aim at meet river channel ecology flow and under the water let out.Upper pond abandons water Qrin0
(r, m+1) is not that reservoir discharges water for the active of Ecological Target although also forming ecological flow.
(2) biotope water balance equation.
QU (u, m)=QUresu(u,m)+QUwru(u,m)+QUoresu(u,m)
Wherein, QU (u, m) is biotope u in period m Eco-environmental Water Demand (ten thousand m3), QUresu(u, m) is that ecology is single
First u is in corresponding virtual reservoir yield (ten thousand m of period m3), QUwru(u, m) is that biotope u regenerates water source water supply in period m
Measure (ten thousand m3), when having water purification facilities in this section, discharge tail water is as regeneration water source water supply (ten thousand m3),
QUoresu(u, m) is that biotope u receives outer water transfer water supply (ten thousand m in period m3)。
Calculating for object function still uses the formula of WAS models, but computing unit includes then all water demand for natural service
Unit.
Model checking is the critical process that modeling precision and parameter rate determine, E-WAS models of the present invention are related to water and follow
The two aspect verifications of ring and Water Resources Allocation, wherein first water loop module is mainly verified using key sections runoff,
On this basis, water loop condition under Water Resource Adjustment & Distribution scheme is examined further according to region social economy water supply.
(1) key sections Runoff Simulation Knowledge Verification Model simulates effect, using the analogue value and allotment region downstream section actual measurement
The Nash efficiency factors and related coefficient (R of value2) evaluated.If model is 1961-2015 years to the Pingshan river simulation phase,
In first 30 years for model rate it is regular, latter 25 years for model verify the phase；From the point of view of the check results that water is simulated, model rate is regular
Interior, Nash coefficients are 0.87, model coefficient R2It is 0.8436；In the model verification phase, Nash coefficients are 0.91, and model is related
Coefficients R2Average value is 0.9138, the analog result of Pingshan river downstream section as shown in figure 4, from water circulation faults angle, this
The verification result of precision is more satisfactory.
(2) social economy verifies for water consumption.Region social economy water supply be region in social economy's unit (industry,
The sum of life, agricultural etc.) water supply, branch trade water supply can be calculated by the artificial water consumption module of E-WAS models.The present invention is to mould
The region social economy water consumption that type obtains is compared with water resource bulletin in region with water statistical data, is verified.Such as
Shown in Fig. 5,995-2015 years Shenzhen's water resource bulletin water statistical data simulate 1995-2015 Pingshans with using the present invention
Social and economic water consumption amount comparison diagram, it is seen that from 1995-2015 years modeling region social economy water consumptions and use water statistical number
According to relatively from the point of view of, time of the error within 10% accounts for 60%；10 years 1995-2015 years are obtained by E-WAS simulation models for many years
Average social and economic water consumption amount is 3902 billion cubic meters, 374,600,000,000 m of average consumption for many years of this and water resource bulletin3Poor 155
Hundred million m3, relative error 4% illustrates model to generalization of Pingshan river valley water resource system network and for the simulation of water consumption
Precision is acceptable.
In the present invention, on the one hand river basin ecological scheduling needs to consider the satisfaction degree of water, on the one hand it is also contemplated that work
Journey, economic dispatch many factors.The present invention proposes ecological water supplement scheme optimum principle thus, specific as follows：
(1) social and economic water consumption in the preferential support area of service reservoir；
(2) it is for tributary make-up water measure priority：The recycled water of tributary upstream, non-water supply function reservoir, tributary downstream
Recycled water (needs water lift)；
(3) it in the case that water quality gets a promotion in tributary, uses and carries out moisturizing in such a way that branch is mended and done, first ensure each
Water demand of ecological environment is flowed, to ensure mainstream water demand of ecological environment indirectly；
(4) for the basin of no recycled water and reservoir resources, consider to carry out ecological benefit from mainstream water lift or water system connection
Water.
The present invention E-WAS models be by being obtained to improvements of water resource allocation (WAS), set constraint type with
The characteristics of two kinds of ecological dispatching models of object type.Below by the result statistical parameter of comparison WAS models and E_WAS models, print
Card E-WAS models need water guarantee and the pool of social and economic water consumption to allocate river channel ecology, for this purpose, setting the following two kinds situation,
Simulation, referred to as scheme 1 are carried out to the Water Resources Allocation for studying area using WAS models in situation one；Second situation is to use this hair
Bright E-WAS models carry out model for water quantity allocation simulation, referred to as scheme 2.Wherein, global objective function is fairness object function and lacks
The average value of water rate object function.
Table 1：Hemiplegia time analog result under WAS models and E-WAS models.
| Scheme | Model | Global objective function | Social economy's degree of protection | Eco-environmental Water Consumption degree of protection |
| Scheme 1 | WAS | 95% | 95% | 75% |
| Scheme 2 | E-WAS | 94% | 92% | 98% |
For scheme 1, using the WAS models for not considering that river channel ecology needs water, society is only considered in configuration process
Meeting water for economy process, makes social economy's degree of protection reach 95%, global objective function by the allotment at a variety of water sources
95% is reached, but river channel ecology environment-guarantee degree is relatively low, only 75%；For scheme 2, using ecology-oriented
The E-WAS Computational frames of scheduling, had not only considered social and economic water consumption demand, but also considered the ecological environment stream of Pingshan river Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream as a whole
Amount, final global objective function have also reached 94%, and social economy's degree of protection, which has, is slightly reduced to 92%, Eco-environmental Water Consumption
Degree of protection has then reached 98%.
By taking the section of Pingshan river downstream as an example, the hemiplegia time analogue flow rate under scheme 1 and scheme 2 is illustrated in fig. 6 shown below：
Under WAS model schemes, Pingshan river downstream mainstream 2 months, April, May, June, July, six totally months October, ecological flow
Amount target is not being met；Under E-WAS models, ecological flow is significantly improved in whole year, and all months are reachable
To ecological environment water demand target.
Compared with prior art, the present invention haing the following advantages：
(1) fining water resource allocation (WAS), the water resource allocation (E- of structure ecology-oriented scheduling are based on
WAS), it is used as biotope by the water demand for natural service section to river in a model generally to be changed, Ecological Control target is included in
Water Resource Adjustment & Distribution system is contacted being established between a variety of water sources and social economy's unit, biotope, sets corresponding constraint item
Part realizes the long series analog process of multiple target, achievees the purpose that the distributed allotment towards river cross-section ecological flow guarantee；
(2) E-WAS is an expansion to water resource allocation function, usual feelings as a simulation Computational frame
Under condition, it does not change the internal calculation structure of model, is only through generalization refined to section biotope, by
Virtual water source and dummy unit, bring into cross section of river as an entity in traditional water resource allocation, realize face
The considerations of integrating and allocate to the water resource of river ecological flow, and can obtaining being significantly better than WAS models water demand for natural service mistake
Global allotment result；
(3) the river basin ecological dispatching simulation under E-WAS frames calculates the satisfaction degree on the one hand considering water, on the one hand
Taken into account engineering, economic dispatch many factors, reservoir divided according to function it is different classes of, in conjunction with all using water source, root
Coordinate according to Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream, it is preferred that the principle of upstream and downstream complementation further carries out ecological water supplement scheme；
(4) on the one hand the water resource allocation of this close copy plug-in unit avoids again the huge work of development model
Amount more quickly can carry out Function Extension to kernel model, on the other hand can complete to give birth to river in planning level again
The simulation of identification and various restoration of the ecosystem schemes that state flow wanes；
(5) for different regions, this frame can be used flexibly, especially adjust the water supply priority between industry
Dramatically different result (ecology is identical as social and economic water consumption priority in the present invention) can be obtained, it is local right that this needs to depend on
Do not have to the attention degree of industry water and river channel ecology flow guarantee in society, improves in height when setting ecology in E-WAS
When priority, the degree of protection of river channel ecology water can be further promoted, and at this moment due to there is the constraint of global objective function, society
Larger wane will not occur in meeting water for economy.
The invention is not limited in above-mentioned preferred forms, and anyone should learn that is made under the inspiration of the present invention
Structure change, the technical schemes that are same or similar to the present invention are each fallen within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for the Water Resources Allocation for needing water towards river channel ecology, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
The water resource allocation E-WAS of ecology-oriented scheduling is built, specially：
In water resource allocation WAS, it is biotope by the water demand for natural service simplified section in river, establishes water source and ecology list
Contact is established between member, and meets the constraint of water resource allocation WAS, and Virtual water is being set close to the upstream of biotope
Library, biotope water consumption rate are set as 0, and the storage capacity of virtual reservoir is set as 0；
It is scheduled according to following rule in the water resource allocation E-WAS of ecological dispatching process, ecology-oriented scheduling：
The upper pond amount of water to be discharged of virtual reservoir, section confluence, enter virtual reservoir, carry out water and be initially used for biotope
It supplies water, extra lets out under water；If upper pond water and section confluence cannot meet biotope water supply, upstream reservoir is sent out
Go out instruction and carry out water transfer, upper pond occurs water and recalls, and realizes the ecological water supplement to downstream ecology unit；
Using dynamic programming method solve and calculate to complete water resource optimal allocation.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the water resource allocation E-WAS of ecology-oriented scheduling
Water Resources Allocation calculation formula is：
Virtual reservoir water balance equation：
QR (r, m+1)=0
Qrin(r,m+1)+Qrin0(r,m+1)+Qrin1(r, m+1)=Qrko(r,m+1)-Qrfo(r,m+1)
Wherein, QR (r, m+1) is virtual reservoir r in m+1 period end reservoir storages, Qrin(r,m+1)、Qrin0(r,m+1)、Qrin1(r,m
+1)、Qrko(r,m+1)、Qrfo(r, m+1) is respectively virtual reservoir r in m+1 period end interval inflows amount, upstream entity reservoir
It abandons water, call in water, water supply, reservoir amount of water to be discharged；
Biotope water balance equation：
QU (u, m)=QUresu(u,m)+QUwru(u,m)+QUoresu(u,m)
Wherein, QU (u, m) is biotope u in period m Eco-environmental Water Demand, QUresu(u, m) is biotope u in period m
Corresponding virtual reservoir yield, QUwru(u, m) is that biotope u regenerates water source water supply in period m, is had when in this section
When water purification facilities, discharge tail water is as regeneration water source water supply, QUoresu(u, m) is that biotope u receives in period m
Outer water transfer water supply.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, calculating for object function, using Water Resources Allocation mould
The formula of type WAS, but computing unit includes then all water demand for natural service units.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the schools water resource allocation E-WAS of ecology-oriented scheduling
It tests including water cycle and Water Resources Allocation verification, specially：
Water loop module is verified using key sections runoff first, water resource is examined further according to region social economy water supply
Water loop condition under programs.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the verification of key sections Runoff Simulation is using the analogue value and allotment
The Nash efficiency factors and related coefficient (R of region downstream section measured value2) evaluated；
Water loop condition under Water Resource Adjustment & Distribution scheme is examined according to region social economy water supply, passes through the region obtained to model
Social and economic water consumption amount is compared with water resource bulletin in region with water statistical data, is verified.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, ecological water supplement scheme optimum principle is specific as follows：
Social and economic water consumption in the preferential support area of service reservoir；
It is for tributary make-up water measure priority：The recycled water of tributary upstream, non-water supply function reservoir, tributary regeneration downstream water；
It in the case that water quality gets a promotion in tributary, uses and carries out moisturizing in such a way that branch is mended and done, first ensure each tributary ecology
Environmental Water Requirement, to ensure mainstream water demand of ecological environment indirectly；
For the basin of no recycled water and reservoir resources, consider to carry out ecological water supplement from mainstream water lift or water system connection.
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