CN108786675B - Gelatin microsphere-coated chitosan capsule with temperature stimulation responsiveness and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Gelatin microsphere-coated chitosan capsule with temperature stimulation responsiveness and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a chitosan capsule coated with gelatin microspheres with temperature stimulation responsiveness and a preparation method thereof. The gelatin microspheres loaded with alpha-cyclodextrin and having temperature stimulation responsiveness are introduced into the chitosan capsule core, at normal temperature, micro-encapsulated small molecules cannot leak to the external environment, when the temperature is raised to be higher than 37 ℃, the structure of the microcapsule wall can be damaged, and the embedded small molecules can be released to the external environment, so that the controllability of capsule damage and the controllability of release of loaded substances are realized. The preparation method provided by the invention has the characteristics of convenient preparation process, simple steps, short reaction time, easiness in control, environmental friendliness, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to a gelatin microsphere-coated chitosan capsule with temperature stimulation responsiveness and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The polymer capsule is formed by a solid phase core with a liquid phase wrapped by a solid phase shell, and has wide application prospects in the fields of drug delivery, enzyme immobilization, biosensors, bioreactors and the like, thereby attracting wide attention of researchers. In addition, the polymer capsule can be applied to a stimulus response type release control system, and the diffusion process of the capsule core material from inside to outside can be changed under the stimulus of external environment such as pH value, temperature, electric field, ions and the like, so that the purpose of controllable release can be achieved. For example, Chu et al prepared microcapsules with molecular recognition properties due to the entrapped material B in the microcapsules12(VB12) For Ba2+Has sensitive identification when BaCl exists in external environment solution2In microcapsulesVB12The release rate to the external environment is greatly reduced, allowing the rate of release to be controlled [ Advanced Materials,2002,14(5):386-]。
At present, microcapsule preparation methods mainly comprise a complex coacervation method, a layer-by-layer assembly method, a microfluidic method, an interfacial polymerization method and the like, and because the surfaces of the microcapsules have micro-gap structures, embedded small molecules have serious leakage problems even when external stimulation is not applied, and the microcapsules have serious defects in the application fields of drug delivery, controlled release and the like. Therefore, it is very important to prepare a capsule with self-destructive property, when no external environment stimulus is applied, the micro-encapsulated small molecules will not leak to the external environment, when the external stimulus is applied, the structure of the microcapsule wall will be destroyed, the embedded small molecules will be released to the external environment, and the purpose of controllable release can be achieved. Some researchers have studied such capsules, for example Katagiri et al prepared a photo-responsive microcapsule by a polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer assembly technique, the outer layer of the capsule wall being covered with SiO2With TiO2Coating, TiO2Photocatalytic decomposition of organic Materials of the capsule wall after absorption of UV light, rupture of microcapsules [ Chemistry of Materials,2009,21(2):195-]. Borodina et al first activated CaCO3Embedding the particles into polymer microcapsule prepared by layer-by-layer assembly technology, and dissolving CaCO with calcium chelating agent3The particles release enzymes which break down the capsule wall and thus destroy the capsule to release the embedding substance [ Macromolecular Rapid Communications,2010,28(18-19): 1894-1899-]. It is noted that, with the above-mentioned preparation method, the process is complicated and requires strict experimental conditions, for example, a series of incubation procedures, alternative reagent addition and a large number of washing steps are required with a layer-by-layer assembly technique, and the preparation process is complicated.
Chitosan is a cationic polyelectrolyte polysaccharide, and a solution thereof is dropped into an anionic polyelectrolyte solution (such as Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) or Sodium Dodecylsulfate (SDS)), and can be used for preparing chitosan microcapsules by utilizing electrostatic interaction [ Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2017:45229 ]. Alpha-cyclodextrin has a special structure of 'external hydrophilic and internal hydrophobic', and can form an inclusion compound with SDBS or SDS. Gelatin is a collagen hydrolysis derivative, has the characteristics of wide source, good biocompatibility, no toxicity, degradability and the like, has a great application prospect in the biomedical field, and more importantly, has sol-gel conversion performance with temperature stimulation responsiveness, namely when the temperature is raised to about 30 ℃, the gelatin starts to dissolve to form sol; when the temperature drops below 30 c, the dissolved gelatin sol begins to turn into a gel. According to the invention, the temperature-sensitive characteristic of gelatin is utilized, firstly, gelatin microspheres loaded with alpha-cyclodextrin are prepared, then the gelatin microspheres are introduced into chitosan capsule cores, the gelatin microspheres are dissolved by heating to release the alpha-cyclodextrin, the released alpha-cyclodextrin can form inclusion with SDBS or SDS in capsule walls, thus the capsule is damaged to release embedding substances, namely, the capsule with self-destructive performance is prepared by adopting a method for coating the temperature-sensitive microspheres, and the purpose of controllably releasing the embedding substances is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a gelatin microsphere-coated chitosan capsule with temperature stimulation responsiveness and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
provided is a chitosan capsule coated with gelatin microspheres with temperature stimulus responsiveness, wherein the capsule is obtained by coating the chitosan capsule outside the gelatin microspheres embedded with alpha-cyclodextrin, and the chitosan capsule is formed by electrostatically combining chitosan molecules and an anionic surfactant.
According to the scheme, the gelatin microsphere has the particle size of 1-1.5 mm, and the chitosan capsule has the particle size of 2-2.5 mm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the chitosan capsule coated with the gelatin microspheres with temperature stimulation responsiveness, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparing gelatin microspheres embedded with alpha-cyclodextrin: adding gelatin into deionized water, stirring at 35-45 ℃ until the gelatin is fully dissolved to obtain a gelatin solution, then adding alpha-cyclodextrin into the obtained gelatin solution, stirring until the alpha-cyclodextrin is fully dissolved to obtain an alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution, taking the obtained alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution by using a micro-injector, dropwise adding the alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution into cold soybean oil at 2-10 ℃, cooling, standing for 10-30 minutes to obtain gelatin microspheres, sucking the gelatin microspheres out by using a dropper, and sequentially washing by absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water to obtain the gelatin microspheres embedded with the alpha-cyclodextrin;
2) preparing a gelatin microsphere-coated chitosan capsule with temperature stimulation responsiveness: adding the gelatin microspheres embedded with alpha-cyclodextrin obtained in the step 1) into a chitosan solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a chitosan solution containing the gelatin microspheres, then sucking the chitosan solution containing the gelatin microspheres by a dropper, dropwise adding the chitosan solution into an anionic surfactant solution to enable the chitosan solution droplets containing the gelatin microspheres to be completely immersed in the anionic surfactant solution, standing for 10-60 minutes at room temperature, forming microcapsules by utilizing the electrostatic attraction of chitosan and the anionic surfactant, taking out the microcapsules, and cleaning with deionized water to obtain the gelatin microsphere-coated chitosan capsules with temperature stimulation responsiveness.
According to the scheme, the mass concentration of the gelatin solution in the step 1) is 8-12%.
According to the scheme, the mass ratio of the alpha-cyclodextrin to the gelatin in the step 1) is 1: 1.5 to 4.
According to the scheme, the preparation method of the chitosan solution in the step 2) comprises the following steps: adding chitosan powder into a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with the volume concentration of 0.2-0.8%, and stirring for 5-10 hours at normal temperature until chitosan is fully dissolved to obtain a chitosan solution, wherein the mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 1-3 g/100 mL.
According to the scheme, the anionic surfactant solution in the step 2) is an aqueous solution of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS) or Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), and the mass concentration is 2-3 g/100 mL.
The invention also comprises the application of the chitosan capsule coated with the gelatin microsphere with temperature stimulation responsiveness in the aspects of drug delivery, controlled release, biological detection and biological labeling. The specific application method comprises the following steps: various different types of substances such as drugs, nanoparticles, fluorescent substances, and the like are embedded in layers.
Chitosan is a cationic polyelectrolyte polysaccharide with amino groups, and its solution is dropped into an anionic polyelectrolyte solution (such as Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) or Sodium Dodecylsulfate (SDS)), and can be used for preparing chitosan microcapsules by electrostatic interaction [ Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2017:45229]]. Alpha-cyclodextrin has a special structure of 'external hydrophilic and internal hydrophobic', and can form an inclusion compound with SDBS or SDS. Gelatin is a collagen hydrolysis derivative, has the characteristics of wide source, good biocompatibility, no toxicity, degradability and the like, has a great application prospect in the biomedical field, and more importantly, has sol-gel conversion performance with temperature stimulation responsiveness, namely when the temperature is raised to about 30 ℃, the gelatin starts to dissolve to form sol; when the temperature drops below 30 c, the dissolved gelatin sol begins to turn into a gel. The invention utilizes the temperature-sensitive characteristic of gelatin to firstly prepare gelatin microspheres loaded with alpha-cyclodextrin, then the gelatin microspheres are coated in chitosan capsule cores, the gelatin microspheres are dissolved to release the alpha-cyclodextrin by heating to above 37 ℃, the released alpha-cyclodextrin can form inclusion action with SDBS or SDS in the capsule walls, the electrostatic action of the chitosan and the SDBS or SDS is weakened to further destroy the capsule to release embedding substances (the embedding substances can be dyes, such as methyl blue, or nanoparticles, such as Fe3O4(ii) a Can be a fluorescent material such as rhodamine), namely, the capsule with self-destructive property is prepared by adopting a method of coating temperature-sensitive microspheres, thereby achieving the purpose of controllably releasing the embedded substance.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the chitosan capsule coated with the gelatin microspheres provided by the invention has the temperature stimulation response characteristic, the capsule structure is kept complete at normal temperature, the leakage problem can not occur because small molecules are embedded in the gelatin microspheres, when the temperature is increased to be more than 37 ℃, the gelatin microspheres are dissolved, alpha-cyclodextrin and SDBS in the capsule wall act to destroy the capsule to release embedded substances, and natural high polymer materials such as gelatin and chitosan are used as main raw materials, so that the chitosan capsule has the characteristics of good biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, rich sources, low price and the like, can control the release speed by changing the cyclodextrin precise quantity, and has wide application prospects in the fields of drug delivery, controlled release, biological detection, biological labeling and the like. 2. The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, good repeatability, mild preparation conditions, short reaction time, green and environment-friendly preparation process, low cost and the like.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a method for preparing a gelatin microsphere-coated chitosan capsule prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the gelatin microsphere coated chitosan capsule prepared in example 2 at room temperature;
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing that the gelatin microsphere-coated chitosan capsule prepared in example 2 was destroyed after being heated to 40 ℃.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present invention provides a method for preparing a chitosan capsule coated with gelatin microspheres with temperature stimulus responsiveness, and the following will further describe the technology of the present invention with reference to specific examples, but not limit the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a chitosan capsule coated with gelatin microspheres with temperature stimulation responsiveness comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing an alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution: adding 2g of gelatin into 20mL of deionized water, stirring for 1 hour in a constant-temperature water bath at 35 ℃ until the gelatin is fully dissolved, preparing a gelatin solution, then adding 1.2g of alpha-cyclodextrin into the gelatin solution, stirring for 0.5 hour until the alpha-cyclodextrin is fully dissolved, preparing an alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution, and continuously keeping the temperature in the constant-temperature water bath at 35 ℃ for later use;
(2) preparing a chitosan and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution: adding chitosan powder into 0.8% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution by volume percentage, stirring for 5 hours at normal temperature until the chitosan is fully dissolved, and filtering by adopting a Buchner funnel to prepare a chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 1g/100 mL; adding 1g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate powder into 50mL of deionized water, and then stirring for 2 hours until the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is fully dissolved to prepare an anionic surfactant solution with the mass concentration of 2g/100 mL;
(3) preparing gelatin microspheres embedded with alpha-cyclodextrin: taking the alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution prepared in the step (1) by using a micro-injector with the capacity of 1mL, dropwise adding the alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution into cold soybean oil at 4 ℃, cooling, forming microspheres by utilizing the sol-gel conversion performance of gelatin, and standing for 10 minutes to obtain the gelatin microspheres embedded with the alpha-cyclodextrin;
(4) preparing a chitosan capsule coated with gelatin microspheres: adding the gelatin microspheres obtained in the step (3) into the chitosan solution prepared in the step (2), and uniformly stirring to obtain a chitosan solution containing the gelatin microspheres; and (3) sucking a chitosan solution containing gelatin microspheres by using a dropper, dropwise adding the chitosan solution into the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution prepared in the step (2), completely immersing the chitosan solution containing gelatin microspheres into the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution in a liquid drop manner, then placing the solution at room temperature for 10 minutes, forming microcapsules by utilizing the electrostatic attraction effect of chitosan and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, finally taking out the microcapsules, and cleaning the microcapsules by using deionized water for 3 times to prepare the chitosan capsules coated with the gelatin microspheres.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a chitosan capsule coated with gelatin microspheres according to example 1 of the present invention. Firstly, utilizing the sol-gel transformation performance of gelatin, dropwise adding a gelatin solution into cold soybean oil at 4 ℃ to prepare gelatin microspheres, then adding the gelatin microspheres into a chitosan solution, dropwise adding a chitosan solution containing the gelatin microspheres into an SDBS solution, and utilizing the electrostatic action of chitosan and SDBS to prepare the gelatin microsphere-coated chitosan microcapsules.
Example 2
A preparation method of a chitosan capsule coated with gelatin microspheres with temperature stimulation responsiveness comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing an alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution: adding 5g of gelatin into 50mL of deionized water, stirring for 2 hours in a constant-temperature water bath at 40 ℃ until the gelatin is fully dissolved, preparing to obtain a gelatin solution, then adding 3g of alpha-cyclodextrin into the gelatin solution, stirring for 1 hour until the alpha-cyclodextrin is fully dissolved, preparing to obtain an alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution, and continuously preserving heat in the constant-temperature water bath at 40 ℃ for later use;
(2) preparing a chitosan and sodium dodecyl sulfate solution: adding chitosan powder into 0.2 volume percent hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, stirring for 10 hours at normal temperature until the chitosan is fully dissolved, and filtering by adopting a Buchner funnel to prepare chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 3g/100 mL; adding 3g of sodium dodecyl sulfate powder into 100mL of deionized water, and then stirring for 3 hours until the sodium dodecyl sulfate is fully dissolved to prepare a sodium dodecyl sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 3g/100 mL;
(3) preparing gelatin microspheres embedded with alpha-cyclodextrin: taking the alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution prepared in the step (1) by using a micro-injector with the capacity of 1mL, dropwise adding the alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution into cold soybean oil at 10 ℃, cooling, forming microspheres by utilizing the sol-gel conversion performance of gelatin, and standing for 30 minutes to obtain the gelatin microspheres embedded with the alpha-cyclodextrin;
(4) preparing a chitosan capsule coated with gelatin microspheres: adding the gelatin microspheres obtained in the step (3) into the chitosan solution prepared in the step (2), and uniformly stirring to obtain a chitosan solution containing the gelatin microspheres; and (3) sucking a chitosan solution containing gelatin microspheres by using a dropper, dropwise adding the chitosan solution into the anionic surfactant solution prepared in the step (2), completely immersing the chitosan solution containing gelatin microspheres in the anionic surfactant solution, placing the solution at room temperature for 60 minutes, forming microcapsules by utilizing the electrostatic attraction of chitosan and anionic surfactant, finally taking out the microcapsules, and washing the microcapsules for 6 times by using deionized water to prepare the chitosan capsules coated with the gelatin microspheres.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of the chitosan capsule coated with gelatin microspheres prepared in this example at normal temperature, and it can be seen from the figure that the gelatin microspheres have complete structure at normal temperature, no obvious dissolution phenomenon occurs, and the gelatin microspheres and the chitosan capsule shell have obvious interfaces, and the capsule has no deformation and breakage phenomenon, which indicates that the α -CD embedded in the gelatin microspheres does not react with SDS in the capsule wall. FIG. 3 is a photograph showing that the gelatin microsphere-coated chitosan capsule prepared in this example was destroyed after being heated to 40 ℃. After the capsule is immersed in the constant-temperature water bath at 40 ℃, the gelatin microspheres in the capsule are completely dissolved, and the capsule wall is wrinkled or even cracked as can be seen from the figure, which shows that the interaction between the alpha-CD embedded in the gelatin microspheres and the SDS in the capsule wall occurs.
Example 3
A preparation method of a chitosan capsule coated with gelatin microspheres with temperature stimulation responsiveness comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing an alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution: adding 3g of gelatin into 30mL of deionized water, stirring for 1.5 hours in a constant-temperature water bath at 45 ℃ until the gelatin is fully dissolved, preparing a gelatin solution, then adding 2g of alpha-cyclodextrin into the gelatin solution, stirring for 1 hour until the alpha-cyclodextrin is fully dissolved, preparing an alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution, and continuously preserving heat in the constant-temperature water bath at 45 ℃ for later use;
(2) preparing a chitosan and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution: adding chitosan powder into 0.6 volume percent hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, stirring for 8 hours at normal temperature until the chitosan is fully dissolved, and filtering by adopting a Buchner funnel to prepare chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 2g/100 mL; adding 2g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into 100mL of deionized water, and then stirring for 2 hours until the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is fully dissolved to prepare a sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution with the mass concentration of 2g/100 mL;
(3) preparing gelatin microspheres embedded with alpha-cyclodextrin: taking the alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution prepared in the step (1) by using a micro-injector with the capacity of 1mL, dropwise adding the alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution into cold soybean oil at the temperature of 2 ℃, cooling, forming microspheres by utilizing the sol-gel conversion performance of gelatin, and standing for 20 minutes to obtain the gelatin microspheres embedded with the alpha-cyclodextrin;
(4) preparing a chitosan capsule coated with gelatin microspheres: adding the gelatin microspheres obtained in the step (3) into the chitosan solution prepared in the step (2), and uniformly stirring to obtain a chitosan solution containing the gelatin microspheres; and (3) sucking a chitosan solution containing gelatin microspheres by using a dropper, dropwise adding the chitosan solution into the anionic surfactant solution prepared in the step (2), completely immersing the chitosan solution containing gelatin microspheres in the anionic surfactant solution, placing the solution at room temperature for 30 minutes, forming microcapsules by utilizing the electrostatic attraction of chitosan and anionic surfactant, finally taking out the microcapsules, and washing the microcapsules for 6 times by using deionized water to prepare the chitosan capsules coated with the gelatin microspheres.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A chitosan capsule coated with gelatin microspheres with temperature stimulation responsiveness is characterized in that the capsule is obtained by coating the chitosan capsule outside the gelatin microspheres embedded with alpha-cyclodextrin, and the chitosan capsule is formed by electrostatically combining chitosan molecules and an anionic surfactant;
the anionic surfactant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or sodium dodecyl sulfate.
2. The gelatin microsphere-coated chitosan capsule with temperature stimulus responsiveness according to claim 1, wherein the gelatin microsphere has a particle size of 1-1.5 mm, and the chitosan capsule has a particle size of 2-2.5 mm.
3. A method for preparing the chitosan capsule coated with gelatin microspheres with temperature stimulus responsiveness of claim 1 or 2 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing gelatin microspheres embedded with alpha-cyclodextrin: adding gelatin into deionized water, stirring at 35-45 ℃ until the gelatin is fully dissolved to obtain a gelatin solution, then adding alpha-cyclodextrin into the obtained gelatin solution, stirring until the alpha-cyclodextrin is fully dissolved to obtain an alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution, taking the obtained alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution by using a micro-injector, dropwise adding the alpha-cyclodextrin/gelatin mixed solution into cold soybean oil at 2-10 ℃, cooling, standing for 10-30 minutes to obtain gelatin microspheres, sucking the gelatin microspheres out by using a dropper, and sequentially washing by absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water to obtain the gelatin microspheres embedded with the alpha-cyclodextrin;
2) preparing a gelatin microsphere-coated chitosan capsule with temperature stimulation responsiveness: adding the gelatin microspheres embedded with alpha-cyclodextrin obtained in the step 1) into a chitosan solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a chitosan solution containing the gelatin microspheres, then sucking the chitosan solution containing the gelatin microspheres by a dropper, dropwise adding the chitosan solution into an anionic surfactant solution to enable the chitosan solution droplets containing the gelatin microspheres to be completely immersed in the anionic surfactant solution, standing for 10-60 minutes at room temperature, forming microcapsules by utilizing the electrostatic attraction of chitosan and the anionic surfactant, taking out the microcapsules, and cleaning with deionized water to obtain the gelatin microsphere-coated chitosan capsules with temperature stimulation responsiveness.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the mass concentration of the gelatin solution in the step 1) is 8-12%.
5. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the alpha-cyclodextrin to the gelatin in the step 1) is 1: 1.5 to 4.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the chitosan solution of step 2) is prepared by: adding chitosan powder into a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with the volume concentration of 0.2-0.8%, and stirring for 5-10 hours at normal temperature until chitosan is fully dissolved to obtain a chitosan solution, wherein the mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 1-3 g/100 mL.
7. The preparation method of claim 3, wherein the anionic surfactant solution in the step 2) is an aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the mass concentration of the aqueous solution is 2-3 g/100 mL.
8. Use of the gelatin microsphere coated chitosan capsule with temperature stimulus responsiveness of claim 1 or 2 for drug delivery, controlled release, biological detection and biomarkers.
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