CN1087810A - 含有密度梯度的吸收芯的卫生巾 - Google Patents
含有密度梯度的吸收芯的卫生巾 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1087810A CN1087810A CN93116863A CN93116863A CN1087810A CN 1087810 A CN1087810 A CN 1087810A CN 93116863 A CN93116863 A CN 93116863A CN 93116863 A CN93116863 A CN 93116863A CN 1087810 A CN1087810 A CN 1087810A
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- layer
- sanitary towel
- tissue layer
- density
- absorbent cores
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Abstract
卫生巾中,吸收芯的滞留层被密度为在0.01克
/厘米3的第一织物层和密度在0.08克/厘米3至
0.3克/厘米3间的第二织物层覆盖,且两织物层间
的密度差在0.01克/厘米3至0.2克/厘米3间。滞
留层顶部的密度梯度使滞留层具有更高效能,使最上
层的织物层具有效率高的排液性,从而减少产生再次
湿润的可能性。
Description
本发明所涉及的卫生巾,具有液体可透过的顶层,液体不可透过的底层和厚度小于5毫米的吸收芯,且该吸收芯有一吸收材料构成的滞留层以及位于滞留层与顶层间至少第一和第二织物层。
这种类型的卫生巾已公开于美国专利5,009,653。
在该专利中,所公开的卫生巾有一芯,芯包括一个由两个有空气的织物层构成的层叠片。在织物层中含有一层水凝胶型材料。该吸收芯的厚度相当小,如可小于2毫米。为了改善在芯中的吸收凝胶材料的性能,在层叠片上,靠近顶层处设置一揩干吸收物层,以改善液体的横向扩散。该揩干吸收物层可为基本重量为0.005克/厘米2、厚为大约0.04厘米的70%-30%嫘萦-聚酯纤维层并且由E.I.DuPont Nemours公司销售,商标是“Sontara”。
在揩干吸收物层的下面,是一湿法敷铺织物,它可限制任何松散的吸收凝胶材料,改善横向虹吸,提供一定量的吸收并且减少已吸收在吸收芯中的液体流回到顶层。该湿法织物的基本重量大约是15.8克/米2。
在这已知的卫生巾中,位于顶层附近的上层织物有可能发生液体滞留。这将导致体液由上层织物流回到顶层(再次湿润)。
本发明的一个目的就是提供一种具有更薄厚度、可更快地将液体输送至滞留层且可减少再次湿润的卫生巾。
本发明的另一个目的是要提供一种具有改善的液体分布和相当高的有效容量(变污前的容量)的卫生巾。
根据本发明,卫生巾的特征在于,第一织物层紧靠着顶层且其密度在0.01克/厘米3和0.1克/厘米3间。第二织物层紧靠滞留层且其密度在0.08和0.3克/厘米3间。第一和第二织物层的密度差在0.01克/厘米3和0.2克/厘米3间。
在上下织物层间的密度梯度使上织物层很快被排干液体。液体可由下层较高密度的织物层的更小的毛细管从上织物层中吸收。因此,上织物层很高快排空并吸收下一股液体,以致加快了液体穿过顶层进入吸收芯的穿速率。由于织物层的厚度相对小,因此密度梯度也在一相对短的距离内,从而使下织物层对液体的毛细管吸收作用,可有效地作用于上织物层的整个厚度上。
上织物层的这一快速排液性和由此产生的上层吸收下一股液体的持久利用性,提高了该卫生巾的有效容量,在这里“有效容量”应理解为在液体由卫生巾的周边漏出而变污前的所吸收的液体量。
在下织物层中,液体沿横向散布,由于其密度较高,下层的散布容量也相对高。散布于下层后,液体由下侧的滞留层吸收与保留。更好的是滞留层有吸收凝胶材料。
由美国专利2787271可知,具有较高吸收能力和低密度的上层和具有较高压缩度的下层被用于卫生巾中。上层提供较好的吸收能力并为使用者提供柔软的接触表面,下层则作为液体滞留层。
由DE-A-4024053可知,一个吸收制品中有一夹在两外侧、低密度层(密度在0.005-0.1克/厘米3)间的一高密度中心层(密度在0.05-0.3克/厘米3)形成一个具有中心层的整体结构。这些层含有一热塑纤维和气毡的混合体并在加热条件下压缩至所需密度。据说该制品特别是厚度大约2毫米的制品,显示出良好的液体吸收性,液体散布性和其它所需特征。但该已知制品并没有在滞留层上覆盖多层织物层,且织物层形成的密度梯度使液体排出至滞留层。
由英国专利GB-A-2089214可知,卫生巾有一密度在0.03到0.15克/厘米3间的上层和一密度在0.4和1.0克/厘米3间的压缩纤维素构成的下层。这种由上侧吸收层和相对致密的底层构成的相对开孔结构的组合体,在局部通过顶层快速输送液体并沿下吸收层优先吸收。
在上述结构中,上侧、下侧密度层相当厚,且其功能是在保留液体的下侧,较高密度层与使用者的身体间形成一缓冲器,以便保持干燥舒适的感觉。
下面参考附图详细说明根据本发明构成的卫生巾的若干实施例。
图1示出了本发明的已说明的卫生巾实施例的顶视平面图,为示出下面的结构其中的一些部分被撒开。
图2示出图1所示的优选卫生巾实施例的,沿图1线2-2剖开的横剖面图。
图3示出了一已说明的顶层和揩干吸收物层的层叠制品的顶视平面图,为示出下面的结构顶层的一些部分被撒开。
图4示出了本发明的优选卫生巾的变型实施例的顶视平面图,为示出下面的结构其中的一些部分被撒开。
图5示出了本发明优选卫生巾的另一变型实施例的顶视平面图,为示出下面结构其中一些部分被撒开。
图6示出了根据本发明构造的三层结构的底层饱和百分比与已知三层结构的底层饱和百分比的比较曲线图。
图7示出了根据本发明构造的三层结构的顶层的饱和百分比与已知的三层结构的顶层饱和百分比的比较曲线图。
本发明涉及妇女用卫生巾,特别是那种又薄又柔软,且可提高其适配性,舒适性和容积量的卫生巾。
在这里,“术语“卫生巾”指的是这么一种物品,妇女戴在外生殖器部位用于吸收和容纳人体排出的各种渗出物(如,血,月经和尿)并且在使用一次后即被丢弃(即不进行洗涤或其它收存或再使用)。一部分在使用者***前庭内而另一部分在其外的内唇状装置也属于本发明的范围之内。在这里,术语“***”指的是可由外部看到的妇女外***,并限定于大***、小***、***和***前庭。
本发明的卫生巾10的一个较好的实施例在图1和图2中示出。由图1和图2中可见,优选的卫生巾10主要包括有一吸收芯13和一液体不能透过的阻挡物16。吸收芯13一般地说可以是可压缩,舒适的,不会刺激使用者皮肤的且能够吸收和容纳如月经,血和尿等人体排出物的任何物品。更好地是吸收芯13在使用中被弄湿仍能保持其完整性。吸收芯13具有第一主表面19和第二主表面22。阻挡物16附接在吸收芯13的第二主表面22处。阻挡物16可以是柔软且液体不能透过的,可防止吸收和容纳在吸收芯13中的排出物弄湿诸如短衬裤等与卫生巾10相接触的服装的任何物品。
在图1和2中所示的较好的实施例中,吸收芯13具有液体可透过的顶层25,液体可透过密度相对较小的层28,密度相对较高的织物层31,以及密度比织物层28和31更高的滞留层34。在图1和2中较好的实施例中,阻挡物16是一阻挡层。滞留层34包括设置在两个有气体的织物层40和43间的水凝胶型材料37。卫生巾10有共同构成卫生巾10周边15的侧边11和端边12。卫生巾10具有一般由顶层25构成的靠人体的表面26和一般由阻挡层16构成的靠服装一侧的表面17。
更仔细地看看卫生巾10的一些部分可知,吸收芯43可是一般为可压缩的,舒适的,不刺激使用者皮肤并能吸收和容纳人体排出物的任何物品。吸收芯13具有一第一主表面46,一第二主表面49,一对侧边52和一对端边55。吸收芯13可制成各种尺寸和形状(如矩形、鞍形等)。吸收芯13的一优选形状为图1所示的狗骨头形。这种优选的吸收芯13的长约为22.0厘米(沿纵向中心线58的长度),中间部分的宽约为7.0厘米(沿横向中心线61的横向尺度),最宽部分的宽约为8.0厘米(横向的尺度)。在该实施例中,吸收芯13呈对称型以易于操作,并可以使使用者不需特别注意即可将卫生巾10适当放在它应该被穿戴的位置上,并且吸收芯13也可以是不对称的。中间部分取这种形状主要是为了与使用者的大腿和使用者的内衬裤较窄的裆部相适配,以防止它过度集束。吸收芯13的大小可随使用者的不同和要吸收的液体流量而不同。可以用本领域已知的方法,如喷胶,方向法,定位法或胶合螺旋式,在吸收芯13的第一和第二主表面46和49之上,把吸收芯13分别与附近的如顶层25和阻挡层16相连。这种连接有助于保持吸收材料在使用时的整体性和可复原性,以致有助于保持它的最佳吸收性。更好地是,吸收芯13沿横向方向具有至少约为每厘米1N的湿润张力。湿润张力由ASTM标准D829-49来测定。
滞留层34可以用多种一般用于一次性卫生巾,尿布和其它吸收制品的液体吸收材料来制作。适用的吸收材料包括,一般被称为气毡的粉碎了的木浆,皱纹纤维素填料,吸收泡沫材料,吸水海绵材料,人造纤维,聚合物纤维,水凝胶型聚合物凝胶剂,或任何相当的材料或材料的组合物。一种特别优选的吸收材料是聚合物凝胶剂。聚合物凝胶剂是一种当与诸如水或人体排出液体等的流体(即液体)接触时会吸收这种液体而形成水凝胶型物的材料。这样,排到吸收芯34的液体可以由聚合物凝胶剂吸收与保存,因此可使该制品具有更大的吸收容量和/或更好的液体滞留性能。
用于滞留层34的聚合物凝胶剂一般包含有基本上不溶于水的,轻微交链部分中和的水凝胶型聚合物材料。这种聚合物材料可由可聚合的,不饱和的,含酸单体制备。用于制备本发明所用的聚合物凝胶的不饱和酸性单体包括1987年3月31日颁布的Brandt,Goldman和Irglir的,名称为“用于吸收结构中的水凝胶型聚合组合物”的美国专利4654039中表列出的那些材料。该专利为本发明的参考文献。优选单体包括丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸,和2-丙烯酸胺代-2-甲基丙烷磺酸。对聚合物凝胶剂材料的制备来说,丙烯酸是特别优选的。
在水凝胶型聚合物凝胶剂中,由不饱和含酸单体形成的聚合部分可嫁接在诸如淀粉或纤维素等其它类型的聚合物部分上。这种类型的聚丙烯酸盐嫁接的淀粉材料,对本发明来说是特别优选的。
可由常规类型的单体制备的优选聚合物凝胶剂包括,水解的丙烯腈嫁接淀粉,聚丙烯酸盐嫁接淀粉,聚丙烯酸盐,顺丁烯二酸酐基的共聚物以及它们的组合体。其中特别优选的是聚丙烯酸盐和聚丙烯酸盐嫁接淀粉。
无论用于本发明滞留层34的水凝胶型聚合物凝胶剂的基本聚合物部位的性质是什么,这种材料一般是轻微交键的。交链的作用是使用于本发明的水凝胶型聚合物凝胶剂成为基本上不溶于水的,因而交键部分决定着由使用聚合物凝胶剂形成的水凝胶的凝胶体积和可分离的聚合物的性质。适用的交键剂在本领域内是已知的,且包括,例如,1978年2月28日颁布的Masuda等人的美国专利4,076,663中详细描述的那些材料。该专利为本发明的参考文献。优选的交键剂是不饱和一元或多元羧酸与多元醇的二元或多元酯,双丙烯酰胺,二或三烯丙基酰胺。特别优选的交键剂是N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸盐和三烯丙基酰胺。这种交键剂一般包含大约0.001莫尔%至5.0莫尔%的生成水凝胶型聚合物材料。更好地是,用在这里的交键剂将含有大约0.01莫尔%至3.0莫尔%的水凝胶型聚合物凝胶剂。
可用于本发明的制品的轻微交键水凝胶型聚合物凝胶剂一般采用它们的部分中和形式。在本发明中,当至少25.0莫尔%,最好是至少50.0莫尔%的,用于形成聚合物的单体,是被成盐阳离子中和的含酸单体时,则认为这种材料已部分中和。适用的成盐阳离子包括碱金属、铵、替代铵和胺。全部中和含酸单体的利用百分比,这里称为“中和指数”。
用于本发明吸收制品的聚合凝胶剂必须对进入到该制品的液体具有相当高的吸收容量。这种材料的吸收容量由选择用于本发明的聚合物凝胶剂的“凝胶体积”定量给出。
对本发明来说,凝胶体积可定为由给定的聚合物凝胶剂吸收的合成尿液的量,并规定为每克聚合物凝胶剂吸收的合成尿液的克数。把大约0.1-0.2份干燥的聚合物凝胶剂形成的悬胶剂与大约20份的合成尿液一起来检查,可决定合成尿液中的凝胶体积。这种悬胶剂被保持在环境温度下并轻柔搅拌足够长的时间,如1小时,以获得所需的膨胀平衡。然后由在悬胶剂中的聚合凝胶剂的重量和由形成的水凝胶与悬胶剂总量所排出的液体量的比率,计算出在每克聚合凝胶剂吸收的合成尿液的克数中聚合凝胶剂的凝胶体积。
用于本发明滞留层34中的凝胶剂的凝胶体积一般为至少每克聚合凝胶剂大约20.0克合成尿液。若使用的材料的凝胶体积为每克聚合凝胶剂大约20.0至35.0克的合成尿液,则更好些。
在用于形成滞留层,或芯,34,的织物中,该聚合物凝胶剂的颗粒应呈散布状,但可以或不必为均匀分布。特别是,凝胶剂颗粒在芯层的某些区域或部分中的密度比芯层的其它区域或部分中的密度要高。
在一个最佳的实施例中,本发明的卫生巾10的至少大约17.0平方厘米的范围内散布有水凝胶型聚合凝胶剂;若至少在其50.0平方厘米的范围内散布有该材料则更好些;若在芯的整个表面散布有该材料则最好。该水凝胶聚合凝胶剂在每平方厘米上的散布量,较好的为大约为0.001克至0.009克,更好些为大约每平方厘米0.003克至0.009克,最好的是每平方厘米大约为0.004克至0.007克。吸收芯34按重量含有的水凝胶型聚合凝胶剂的量,较好的大约为5.0%至85.0%,更好些大约为10.0%至70.0%,最好为大约15.0%至55.0%。
在图2所示的较佳实施例中,滞留层34是一层叠片,含有一位于两有气体的织物层40和43之间的起吸收聚合物材料层37,一适用的层叠片是WATER-LOCK L-535型的超吸收层叠片,可在美国衣阿华卅Muscatin的Grain Processing Corporation买到(由Grain Processing Corporation注册,商标为WATER-LOCK)。这种超吸收层叠片披露在1984年8月21日颁布的皮特森等人的,名称为“用于吸收薄膜的组合物和制备方法”的美国专利4,467,012上,以及在1981年4月7日颁布的林达森等人的,名称为“层叠片的吸收工序技术”的美国专利4,260,443中,且这些专利亦为本发明的参考文献。WATER-LOCK L-535的水凝胶的量为每平方厘米0.005克,但是,每平方厘米0.001-0.009克的量也认为是可以的。第一和第二织物层40和43能容纳超吸收聚合物材料37,改善横向吸收整个滞留层34中被吸收的排出物并且提高吸收指数。对于可能被制成纤维层,泡沫或薄膜的非颗粒状水凝胶型聚合凝胶剂,非颗粒状凝胶剂按重量可占滞留层34重量的大约15%至100%,若占大约40至100%则较好,若占大约60%至100%则更好些。这种非颗粒状超吸收材料的基重可为每平方厘米大约0.002至0.028克,若为大约0.003至0.018克则更好,最好是为大约0.004至0.010克。可用于滞留层34的两种适用的且可以由市场买到的非颗粒状吸收材料是商标为Lanseal F的日本大阪Higashi的Choli有限公司出品的双层丙烯酸纤维材料,以及商标为Aqualon C的美国特拉华卅Wilmington的Hercules,Inc,出品的羧甲基纤维素纤维材料。
吸收芯13的总吸收容量应与卫生巾10使用时预计排出物量相适配。吸收芯13的吸收量还可以根据使用者预计的排出液体量的不同而加以调整。比如是,白天使用的卫生巾与夜间使用的卫生巾的吸收容量是可以不同的,而供少女使用的卫生巾与供较成年妇女使用的卫生巾的吸收容量也可以不同的。
应该指出的是,本发明的范围还包括那种未采用超吸收材料,而具有一个仅由无纺织物罩盖住的中心滞留层的卫生巾,其中的无纺织物的厚度小于0.50毫米。对厚度的测定将在下面说明。
为了说明罩盖在滞留层34上的两层具有不同密度的织物的液体分布方面的效果,可进行一分段检测。检测手段与结果如下。
分段检测
制备四种不同层的吸收制品,每一制品包含三层不同密度的织物层,最下面的织物层为滞留层。用于制品中的各织物层有下述物理性能。织物类型 厚度 密度
(mm)
A.有空气的 0.8 0.08
B.有空气的 0.8 0.087
C.有空气的 0.8 0.094
D.有空气的 0.5 0.10
E.有空气的 0.4 0.12
F.有空气的 0.5 0.11
G.有空气的 0.4 0.14
H.湿润的 0.2 0.20
I.湿润的 0.2 0.21
J.芬兰J.W.SUOMINEN OY,POB25,SF-29251
NAKKILA生产的,商标为FIBERELLA织物。
用于分段检测的织物层的组合是:AGH,BFI,CDE和JDD。
制品JDD与US-A-5,009,653中所描述的制品相类似,其中的J型织物是图3中标号29所示的开口型网状制品。
1.把每一织物浸入在造纸工业液体中20分钟然后,在每一织物上施加35克/厘米2的均匀压力2分钟,测量每一织物的容量。
造纸工业液体的构成是:
丙三醇 80克/升
NaCl 10克/升
NaHCO34克/升
德国DEISENHOFEN 8024号的Grǖnwalder Weg 30的Sigma Chemie Gmb H生产的CMC型C-5678
18克/升
2.把每一织物剪成10.2厘米×10.2厘米的小块,并使重量精确为0.001克。每次将三个小块叠起来以获得四种不同的层制品AGH,BFI,CDE和JDD。在每一层制品上盖上一表面积为10.2厘米×10.2厘米,而其中心有一15毫米×3.5毫米的椭圆孔的胶质玻璃板。在胶质玻璃板上施加3636克的重量,以便向织物施加35克/厘米2的压力。
3.用把制品中每一单层的理论容量相加的方法,计算出每一层制品的总理论容量。
4.用滴管把上述计算出的层制品总容量的5%注滴在顶层上,在流体滴注后3分钟后,分别称量每层的重量。
5.再滴注5%的液体,达到每层制品总容量的10%,在造纸工业液体滴注3分钟后,再次称量每一层的重量。重复上述过程,使载荷达到制品总容量的20%、30%、50%、70%、90%和100%。在每次载荷增加后3分钟进行重量测定,并应在1分钟内完成。
对每一层制品的三个试品重复这一过程,并对这三个试样的结果取平均值。
图6和7所示的测定结果是顶层或底层的饱和百分比与整个层制品的饱和百分比间的关系。作为整体的层制品的饱和百分比指数每一次是由每层中的液体总量来决定并除以在测试结束时所吸收的最终的实际量,以便计算出在测量过程中的液体损失。
由图6可以看出,含有织物JDD的已知的参考层制品,其底层的饱和量较低。标号为“J”的Fiberella顶层是一有尺寸大约1毫米2网眼的网状织物,且在股线上的纤维密度较高(大约0.1克/厘米3)。这种类型的织物有助于在吸收芯上的液体横向扩散。由图6和7可看出,由两层且其中最靠近滞留层的密度较高覆盖的吸收滞留层,(制品AGH,BFI和CDE)比象US-A-5,009,653(制品JDD)所公布的那种用两层织物覆盖的滞留层吸收更多的液体,因此增加了底层的效用。由图7可看出,对于制品AGH,BFI和CDE来说,因为其下面密度较高层的排干作用上层的液体不多,且再次被湿润的机会减少了。
叠合层在织物层22和31上面的是液体可透过的顶层25。在一较好的实施例中,用把顶层25喷胶到层28表面的办法,使顶层25附在上层织物上。顶层25是柔性的,感觉柔软的且对使用者的皮肤无刺激。而且,顶层25是液体可透过的,使液体能快速穿过其厚度传递。适用的顶层25可用多种材料制作,如聚合材料,成型的热塑薄膜,多孔塑料薄膜,多孔泡沫,网状泡沫,天然纤维(比如,木或棉纤维),合成纤维(比如,聚酯或聚丙烯纤维)或是天然纤维和合成纤维的混合物,多孔型薄膜是较优选的。用成型薄膜作顶层25是较好的,因为它可以透过液体且不吸收液体。因此,与人体接触的成型薄膜表面可保持干燥,进而减少弄脏人体机会使使用者更感舒适。适用的成型薄膜公布于1975年12月30日授与汤普森的,名称为“具有截维型毛细管的吸收制品”的美国专利3,929,135,上,1982年4月13日授与木兰和史密斯的,名称为“具有抗沾污顶层的一次性吸收制品”的美国专利4,324,246上,1982年8月3日颁布的瑞德和汤普森的,名称为“具有类纤维性能的弹性塑料织物”的美国专利4,342,314上,以及1984年7月31日颁布的阿尔,路易斯,木兰和奥苯特的,名称为“具有非光滑的可见表面和类布状触类感受的宏观延伸的三维塑料织物”的美国专利4,463,045上。所有这些专利为本申请的参考文献。
在本发明的一个最佳实施例中,顶层25的靠人体的表面26是亲水性的,亲水性的表面26有助于液体以比非亲水性表面26更快的速度穿过顶层25。这减少月经流出顶层25而不是被吸收芯13吸收的可能性。在一较佳实施例中,顶层25的表面26可用表面活性剂进行处理的方式而制成为亲水性的。最好是表面活性剂大体上均匀地全部地扩散在顶层25的表面26上。这可以用本领域所公开的任何一般技术实施。例如,可用喷洒,装填或传递辊轮等将表面活性剂施加到顶层25上。且,还可将表面活性剂混入成型薄膜顶层的聚合材料中,或是夹在或在无纺织顶层的纤维中。
阻挡装置16与吸收芯13的第二主表面22相邻。在一个最佳实施例中,吸收芯13可以越过其第二主表面22而贴粘在阻挡装置16上。本领域所公开的各种一般技术,如喷胶,螺旋胶合,方向法或粘合点法,可用来实现这一目的。阻挡装置16通常限定卫生巾10靠衣服的表面17。阻挡装置16可以是任何不透液体的,可防止吸收并保存在吸收芯13的排出物弄脏诸如内衬裤等与卫生巾10的该表面17相接触的服装的装置构成。在如图1和2中所示的卫生巾10的较佳实施例中,阻挡装置16是由一薄塑料薄膜构成的阻挡层。当然,也可以使用其它液体不能透过的柔软材料。最好是阻挡层为厚度约为0.012至0.051毫米的聚乙烯薄膜。在这里,术语“柔软”是指该材料是柔顺的并可很容易与人体的一般形状和轮廓相适配。
一种适用的聚乙烯薄膜是由Monsanto化学公司生产的并以Film No.8020的商标销售的。阻挡层16最好是经过压过/或褪光处理的,以使其显得更多布类。而且,阻挡层16可使气化液体逸出吸收芯13并可防止排出物逸出阻挡层16。
更好的是,顶层25和阻挡层16的长度和宽度通常比吸收芯13的尺寸大些。以致它们可以延伸过吸收芯13的各边缘52和55,并在此通过适当方式连接在一起。在这里,术语“连接”含有的结构有第一部件直接与第二部件相连,以及用把第一部件附在依次与第二部件相连的中间部件的方式使第一部件间接地与第二部件相连。顶层25和/或阻挡层16延伸出吸收芯13的芯端部边缘52和芯侧部边缘55的部分,分别形成为卫生巾10的端边缘11和侧边缘12。在一实施例中,阻挡层16和顶层25呈椭圆形,且延伸出吸收芯13的距离应至少约为1.0厘米,它们的这一部分可用本领域所公开的附接方式彼此直接地连接在一起。例如,这些附接方式可为均匀连续的胶粘剂层,呈各种图案的胶粘剂层,或胶粘剂构成的分离性线阵或点阵,或是热熔接和压力熔接。
本发明的卫生巾10具有较低的弯曲阻力。因此,本发明的卫生巾10有较多的柔软性,并可与各种妇女的尿殖区域的形状良好适配。较好的是,本发明的卫生巾10的弯曲阻力应低于大约300.0克,若低于大约250.0克则较好些,若低于大约175.0克则更好些,若低于大约160克则最好。
卫生巾的弯曲阻力可由峰值弯曲刚度来测量,而峰值弯曲刚度可用由US-A-5,009,653所详细公开的ASTMD 4032.82循环弯曲工序型的测试来测定。
如前所述,本发明的卫生巾10具有足够大的液体容量来吸收适中的到较大量的月经液。依卫生巾尺寸可能相同的测试容量和总容量这两个容量是可测定的。本发明的卫生巾10的测试容量若至少为大约8.0克则较好的若至少约为15.0克则更好,若至少约为18.0克则最好。
本发明卫生巾10的总容量若至少约为20.0克则较好,若至少约为30.0克则更好,若至少约为40.0克则最好。
卫生巾的测试容量和总容量可按下述方式测定。把卫生巾粘在内衬裤可分离的纸拿出测试来测定测试容量。从卫生巾上剪下4.75×14.0厘米的面积为66.5平方厘米的一部分,且这部分的中心应位于当该卫生巾被使用时正位于***口下的位置。用整个卫生巾减去可分离开的纸的方法测定总容量。称量该制品精确到0.1克。然后,将该制品浸在元菌盐水(由美国伊利诺卅的Deerfield的Baxter Travenol公司经销)的烧杯中,且使该制品完全浸在盐水中而不弯曲或别的扭曲。将该制品浸泡10分钟。然后将制品由盐水中取出并垂直悬挂2分钟,以使盐水由制品中排干。然后将制品靠近人体一侧表面朝下放置在一吸收纸上,如放到美国宾夕法尼亚卅Mount Holly Splings的Filtration Science Corp.,Eaton-Dikeman Division经销的过滤纸#631上。在制品上施加每平方厘米17.6克的均匀载荷将液体压出。每30秒更换一次吸收纸,直到在30秒钟内传递到吸收纸上的液体少于0.5克时为止。接着称量该制品的重量和其干燥重量,并精确到0.1克,且无论哪种情况均可采用。
因为本发明卫生巾10对柔软性的要求,卫生巾10应做的相对较薄。本发明卫生巾10最好应如此薄以使它在被使用时使用者不太注意本发明卫生巾10,且本发明的卫生巾10不太触目。图1和2所示卫生巾10的厚度约为1.9毫米。卫生巾10的厚度可按下述方式测定。
需要选用一比较千分尺,特别是美国麻萨诸塞卅Waltham的B.C.Ames,Company提供的具有482型千分表的130型测量装置。该比较器应具有一铝制圆形比较器脚,且重量为10,0克,接触表面为5.16平方厘米。把比较器调整到零。将80.0克重的不锈钢放置在延伸出比较器表面的测量轴上。提起比较器器脚,将除去粘在内衬裤可分离纸的卫生巾以靠近服装一侧的表面向下放在基板上。卫生巾在基板上放置的位置应使当器脚落下时可位于卫生巾的中部。尽量使卫生巾光滑不起皱。使器脚轻轻地落下落至卫生巾上。用在器脚与卫生巾接触后30秒时读取千分表读数的方式,测定卫生巾厚度。在沿卫生巾纵向中心线58的吸收材料每一端部3.0厘米处,重复这一测量。这三个读数的平均值即为卫生巾的厚度。本发明的卫生巾10的厚度若小于3.5毫米则较好,若小于约为2.5毫米则更好,若小于约为2.0毫米则最好。
本发明的卫生巾10的一个变形实施例如图4所示。在这一实施例中,卫生巾10具有两个襟片70,其每一个均是横向延伸出吸收芯13侧边且与其毗连的。襟片70的结构使得它可以在裆部区域从使用者的内衬裤边处垂下,使襟片70可安置在使用者内衬裤边缘和使用者大腿间,襟片70可至少完成两个目的。第一,襟片70防止月经污了使用者的身体和内衬裤。第二,襟片70最好在其靠近服装一侧的表面上有连接装置71使襟片70可在内衬裤下折回来,并附在内衬裤靠在其它服装一侧上。这样,襟片70使卫生巾10适当地安在内衬裤上。一种优选的连接装置71为本领域所公开的压敏性胶粘剂。且襟片70也可利用连接装置71在内衬裤下侧彼此相接,而不附在内衬裤上。
已知有若干具有适合于或可用于本发明卫生巾10的襟片的卫生巾。这些襟片已公布在1987年8月18日颁布的Van Tilburg的,名称为“具有襟片的定型卫生巾”的美国专利4,687,478上,1986年8月26日颁布的Mattingly的,名称为“卫生巾连接装置”的美国专利4,608,047上,1986年5月20日授与Van Tilburg的,名称为“卫生巾”的美国专利4,589,876上以及1981年8月25日颁布的McNair的,名称为“卫生巾”的美国专利4,285,343上。所有这些专利均是本发明的参考文献。
本发明的卫生巾10的另一变形实施例如图5所示。如图4所示的卫生巾10一样,这种卫生巾10也具有襟片70,只是它的结构不同。在该实施例中,襟片70是仅由顶层25和阻挡层55构成的。
Claims (6)
1、具有液体可透过的顶层,一个液体不可透过的底层和一个厚度小于5毫米的吸收芯的卫生巾,该吸收芯包括有吸收材料构成的滞留层和位于滞留层和顶层之间的至少一个第1和一个第2织物层。
其特征在于第1织物层紧靠顶层,且密度为0.01克/厘米3到0.1克/厘米3间,第2织物层紧靠滞留层,且密度为0.08至0.3克/厘米3,且第一和第二织物层间的密度差为0.01克/厘米3到0.2克/厘米3。
2、如权利要求1所述的卫生巾,其特征在于至少有另一织物层在第一和第二织物层间,且该织物层的密度高于第一织物层的密度并低于第二织物层的密度。
3、如权利要求2所述的卫生巾,其特征在于至少有另两个不同密度的织物层在第一和第二织物层间,且其中的靠近顶层的织物层的密度低于靠近滞留层的织物层的密度。
4、如权利要求1、2、3所述的卫生巾,其特征在于滞留层含有两个滞留织物层构成的层叠片。在滞留织物层中,***有一层吸收凝胶材料。
5、如权利要求1、2、3所述卫生巾,其特征在于吸收芯的厚度小于3毫米,各织物层的厚度在0.1至1毫米间,最好是在0.2和0.5毫米间。
6、如权利要求5所述卫生巾,其特征在于吸收芯的厚度小于3毫米,各织物层的厚度在0.1至1毫米间,最好在0.2至0.5毫米间。
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EP92306825 | 1992-07-27 | ||
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CN93116863A Pending CN1087810A (zh) | 1992-07-27 | 1993-07-27 | 含有密度梯度的吸收芯的卫生巾 |
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EP (1) | EP0652736B1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100293155B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1087810A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE172630T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU681857B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2140291C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69321837T2 (zh) |
EG (1) | EG20101A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2122033T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX9304534A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY131363A (zh) |
SG (1) | SG54189A1 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR26663A (zh) |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101970211A (zh) * | 2009-04-15 | 2011-02-09 | 大王制纸株式会社 | 压花辊装置、使用该装置的表面片的制造方法及使用该表面片的吸收性物品 |
CN103110479A (zh) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-05-22 | 孙泽坤 | 一种布面卫生巾 |
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IT1261155B (it) * | 1993-12-31 | 1996-05-09 | P & G Spa | Struttura assorbente stratificata, articolo assorbente comprendente tale struttura e metodo per la sua realizzazione. |
US6497694B1 (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 2002-12-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Disposable waste containment garment |
AU6922096A (en) * | 1995-10-12 | 1997-04-30 | Johnson & Johnson Inc. | Liquid-absorbent article and method and apparatus for manufacturing the absorbent article |
US6700034B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2004-03-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article with unitary absorbent layer for center fill performance |
US6764477B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2004-07-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Center-fill absorbent article with reusable frame member |
US6492574B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2002-12-10 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Center-fill absorbent article with a wicking barrier and central rising member |
US6486379B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2002-11-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article with central pledget and deformation control |
US6613955B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2003-09-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent articles with wicking barrier cuffs |
US6660903B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2003-12-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Center-fill absorbent article with a central rising member |
BRPI0501157C1 (pt) * | 2005-03-31 | 2007-02-21 | Kimberly Clark Kenko Ind E Com | artigo absorvente contendo um gradiente de densidade em pelo menos duas direções, e método para manufaturar o mesmo |
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US4102340A (en) * | 1974-12-09 | 1978-07-25 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable article with particulate hydrophilic polymer in an absorbent bed |
US4176667A (en) * | 1977-10-25 | 1979-12-04 | Adult Care Products, Inc. | Disposable liquid absorbent pad and method |
US4223677A (en) * | 1979-05-11 | 1980-09-23 | Scott Paper Company | Absorbent fibrous structure and disposable diaper including same |
US4324247A (en) * | 1980-05-12 | 1982-04-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Disposable absorbent article having an absorbent core and a topsheet |
CA1260202A (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1989-09-26 | Leo J. Bernardin | Absorbent structure designed for absorbing body fluids |
SE458418B (sv) * | 1984-07-16 | 1989-04-03 | Moelnlycke Ab | Absorptionskropp med kontinuerlig densitetsgradient samt saett foer dess framstaellning |
US4950264A (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1990-08-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Thin, flexible sanitary napkin |
JP2810772B2 (ja) * | 1990-08-01 | 1998-10-15 | 花王株式会社 | 吸収性物品 |
-
1993
- 1993-07-16 EP EP93917221A patent/EP0652736B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1993-07-16 AT AT93917221T patent/ATE172630T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-07-16 CA CA002140291A patent/CA2140291C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-16 ES ES93917221T patent/ES2122033T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-16 KR KR1019950700306A patent/KR100293155B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-07-16 DE DE69321837T patent/DE69321837T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1993-07-16 SG SG1996003460A patent/SG54189A1/en unknown
- 1993-07-16 WO PCT/US1993/006694 patent/WO1994002093A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-07-16 AU AU46807/93A patent/AU681857B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-07-22 EG EG46793A patent/EG20101A/xx active
- 1993-07-24 MY MYPI93001455A patent/MY131363A/en unknown
- 1993-07-27 CN CN93116863A patent/CN1087810A/zh active Pending
- 1993-07-27 MX MX9304534A patent/MX9304534A/es unknown
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101970211A (zh) * | 2009-04-15 | 2011-02-09 | 大王制纸株式会社 | 压花辊装置、使用该装置的表面片的制造方法及使用该表面片的吸收性物品 |
CN103110479A (zh) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-05-22 | 孙泽坤 | 一种布面卫生巾 |
CN103110479B (zh) * | 2013-03-13 | 2015-06-03 | 孙泽坤 | 一种布面卫生巾 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2122033T3 (es) | 1998-12-16 |
EG20101A (en) | 1997-07-31 |
EP0652736B1 (en) | 1998-10-28 |
DE69321837D1 (de) | 1998-12-03 |
SG54189A1 (en) | 1998-11-16 |
EP0652736A4 (en) | 1995-11-08 |
MY131363A (en) | 2007-08-30 |
CA2140291A1 (en) | 1994-02-03 |
KR950702401A (ko) | 1995-07-29 |
KR100293155B1 (ko) | 2001-10-24 |
AU681857B2 (en) | 1997-09-11 |
CA2140291C (en) | 1999-09-21 |
WO1994002093A1 (en) | 1994-02-03 |
TR26663A (tr) | 1995-03-15 |
EP0652736A1 (en) | 1995-05-17 |
ATE172630T1 (de) | 1998-11-15 |
MX9304534A (es) | 1994-05-31 |
AU4680793A (en) | 1994-02-14 |
DE69321837T2 (de) | 1999-04-01 |
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