CN108737307B

CN108737307B - Multi-access method, transmitter and receiver

Info

Publication number: CN108737307B
Application number: CN201710247455.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 熊琦; 钱辰; 喻斌; 孙程君
Original assignee: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Current assignee: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-04-14
Filing date: 2017-04-14
Publication date: 2023-03-10
Anticipated expiration: 2037-04-14
Also published as: CN108737307A

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a multiple access method, a transmitter and a receiver, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the transmitter channel-encodes the information bit sequence to determine an encoded sequence; the transmitter carries out bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on the coding sequence to obtain a processed sequence and transmits the processed sequence; a receiver receives signals from a plurality of transmitters. The signal is obtained by performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on data by each of a plurality of transmitters; the receiver decodes the signals according to the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor corresponding to each transmitter to obtain data corresponding to each transmitter. The multiple access method, the transmitter and the receiver provided by the embodiment of the invention can increase the number of the serviceable transmitters, thereby further improving the number of the receiver serving users.

Description

Multi-access method, transmitter and receiver

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a multiple access method, a transmitter, and a receiver.

Background

With the rapid development of the information industry, especially the growing demand from the mobile internet and the internet of things (internet of things, abbreviated as IoT), the future mobile communication technology is challenged unprecedentedly. As the volume of mobile traffic is expected to increase nearly 1000 times in 2020 compared to 2010 (era 4G), the number of connected UEs (User Equipment, abbreviated in english: UE) will exceed 170 billion, and the number of connected devices will be more dramatic as a huge amount of IoT devices gradually penetrates into the mobile communication network. To meet the unprecedented challenge, the communication industry and academia have developed a wide-ranging research on fifth Generation mobile communication technology (5-Generation, 5G for short), which is oriented to the 2020. Future 5G frameworks and overall goals are currently discussed in ITU's report ITU-R M. [ imt.vision ], where 5G demand prospects, application scenarios and various important performance indicators are also specified. For the new requirements in 5G, ITU's report ITU-R M [ imt. Use TECHNOLOGY trend trees ] provides information related to the technical trend of 5G, and aims to solve the significant problems of significant improvement of system throughput, consistency of user experience, and extensibility to support IoT, delay, energy efficiency, cost, network flexibility, support of emerging services, flexible spectrum utilization, and the like.

In the face of more diversified service scenes of 5G, a flexible multiple access technology is needed to support different scenes and service requirements. For example, in the service scenario of massive connections, how to access more UEs on limited resources becomes a core problem to be solved by the 5G multiple access technology. In the current 4G LTE network, multiple Access technologies based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) are mainly used, such as downlink OFDM Multiple Access (OFDMA) and uplink Single-carrier OFDM Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). However, it is obviously difficult for the existing orthogonal-based multiple access technology to meet the requirement of 5G that the spectrum efficiency is improved by 5 to 15 times and the access number of UEs per square kilometer area reaches the million level. And the Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NMA) technology multiplexes the same resource by a plurality of UEs, thereby greatly increasing the number of supported UE connections. Because the UE has more chances to access, the whole throughput and the spectrum efficiency of the network are improved. In addition, in the case of large-scale Machine Type Communication (mrmtc), a multiple access technique with simpler operation processing may need to be used in consideration of the cost and implementation complexity of the terminal, and in the case of a low-latency or low-power service scenario, a non-orthogonal multiple access technique may be used to better implement scheduling-free contention access, implement low-latency Communication, reduce the turn-on time, and reduce the power consumption of the device.

Currently, the Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access technologies mainly under study include Multiple User Shared Access (MUSA), non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access, NOMA), pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA), sparse Code Division Multiple Access (SCMA), and cross-Division Multiple Access (Interleave Division Multiple Access, IDMA). Where MUSA distinguishes UEs by means of codewords, SCMA distinguishes UEs by means of codebooks, NOMA distinguishes UEs by means of power, PDMA distinguishes UEs by means of different characteristic patterns, and IDMA distinguishes different UEs by means of interleaving sequences, for details about IDMA reference may be made briefly to an earlier document: li Ping, lihai Liu, keying Wu and W.K. Leung, "Interactive Division Multiple Access", IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication, vol.5, no.4, pp.938-947, apr.2006.

Therefore, the existing LTE system uses orthogonal multiple access methods, i.e. OFDMA and DFT-s-OFDMA, to transmit uplink and downlink data by allocating orthogonal time-frequency resources to users, and meanwhile, only one user is allocated to use the same time-frequency resources. In new requirements, a large number of users are required to be connected to a network, and if the existing orthogonal access mode is still adopted, the utilization rate of resources cannot be fully optimized, that is, the requirement of connection of a large number of users cannot be met, so that an effective multiple access implementation scheme is necessary to be provided so as to achieve the purposes of scheduling-free competitive access, low-delay communication, low startup time, low equipment power consumption and the like, and finally achieve the purpose of supporting more diversified service scenarios and service requirements of 5G.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the above technical problems or at least partially solve the above technical problems, the following technical solutions are proposed:

according to an aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multiple access method, including:

the transmitter channel-encodes the information bit sequence to determine an encoded sequence;

and carrying out bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on the coding sequence to obtain a processed sequence, and sending the processed sequence.

Further, the step of performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on the encoded sequence to obtain a processed sequence includes:

performing bit-level processing on the coded sequence by a bit-level processor;

carrying out bit-to-symbol modulation processing on the sequence subjected to the bit-level processing to obtain a symbol sequence;

and carrying out symbol level processing on the symbol sequence through a symbol level processor to obtain a processed symbol sequence.

Further, the bit-level processing of the encoded sequence by the bit-level processor may include any one of:

interleaving the coded sequence by a bit-level interleaver;

scrambling the coded sequence by a bit-level scrambler;

and carrying out spread spectrum processing on the coded sequence through a bit-level spreader.

Wherein the transmitter obtains bit-level interleaver information, bit-level scrambler information, and/or bit-level spreader information for bit-level processing of the encoded sequence by any of:

a physical broadcast channel; a physical downlink control channel; and (3) physical downlink shared channels.

Further, a manner of performing symbol-level processing on the symbol sequence includes any one of:

performing symbol-level spread spectrum processing on the symbol sequence;

performing symbol-level spread spectrum processing and symbol-level interleaving processing on the symbol sequence;

carrying out symbol-level scrambling processing on the symbol sequence;

and carrying out symbol-level spread spectrum processing and symbol-level scrambling processing on the symbol sequence.

Further, the method for performing symbol-level spread spectrum processing on the symbol sequence includes:

carrying out symbol-level spread spectrum processing on the symbol sequence through a complex spread spectrum code;

the method for performing symbol-level interleaving processing on the symbol sequence comprises the following steps:

carrying out symbol-level interleaving processing on the symbol sequence through a symbol-level interleaver;

the method for performing symbol-level scrambling processing on the symbol sequence comprises the following steps:

and carrying out symbol-level scrambling processing on the symbol sequence through the symbol-level scrambling sequence.

Wherein, the processing mode of the symbol-level interleaving processing comprises any one of the following: direct interweaving processing; zero padding interweaving processing; direct zero-insertion interleaving processing; and (5) interleaving and zero insertion processing.

Further, the direct interleaving processing is to perform symbol-level interleaving processing on the symbol sequence through a symbol-level interleaver;

the zero padding interleaving processing is to perform zero padding processing on the symbol sequence and perform symbol-level interleaving processing on the symbol sequence after the zero padding processing through a symbol-level interleaver;

the direct zero-insertion interweaving processing is zero-insertion processing of the symbol sequence according to zero-insertion pattern information;

the interleaving zero-insertion processing is to perform symbol-level interleaving processing on the symbol sequence according to a symbol-level interleaver, and perform zero-insertion processing on the processed symbol sequence according to zero-insertion pattern information.

Wherein the transmitter obtains the complex spreading codes, the symbol-level interleaver, and/or the symbol-level scrambling sequence by any of:

a physical broadcast channel; a physical downlink control channel; and the physical downlink shared channel.

The method further comprises the following steps:

if the transmitter is configured with multiple antennas and the current data to be transmitted is single-stream data, the transmitter converts the data after symbol level processing into multi-stream data or multi-layer data and transmits the multi-stream data or the multi-layer data through each antenna.

The method further comprises the following steps:

if the data to be sent by the transmitter is multi-stream data and the transmitter is configured with multiple antennas, processing according to at least one of the following modes:

performing channel coding, bit-level processing, modulation and symbol-level processing, layer mapping and preprocessing on the multi-stream data to obtain processed multi-stream data, and transmitting the processed multi-stream data through each antenna;

and the multi-stream data is subjected to channel coding, bit-level processing, modulation and symbol-level processing, phase/power adjustment processing, superposition processing, serial-parallel conversion processing and preprocessing to obtain processed multi-stream data, and the processed multi-stream data is transmitted through each antenna.

According to an aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a transmitter, including:

the channel coding module is used for carrying out channel coding on the information bit sequence to determine a coding sequence;

the processing module is used for carrying out bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on the coding sequence obtained by the coding of the channel coding module to obtain a processed sequence;

and the sending module is used for sending the processed sequence.

According to another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides another multiple access method, including:

a receiver receives signals from a plurality of transmitters, wherein the signals are signals obtained by processing data at a bit level and processing data at a symbol level by each transmitter in the plurality of transmitters;

and the receiver decodes the signals according to the bit level processor and the symbol level processor corresponding to each transmitter to obtain data corresponding to each transmitter.

Further, the step of decoding, by the receiver, the signal according to a bit-level processor and/or a symbol-level processor corresponding to each transmitter to obtain data corresponding to each transmitter includes:

performing symbol-level decoding processing on the signals by using symbol-level processors respectively corresponding to the transmitters;

and carrying out bit-level decoding processing on the data subjected to the symbol-level decoding processing by using bit-level processors respectively corresponding to the transmitters.

Decoding the signal according to bit-level processors and symbol-level processors corresponding to the respective transmitters, including any of:

the receiver respectively carries out symbol level decoding processing and bit level decoding processing on the signals according to the same symbol level processor and different bit level processors corresponding to each transmitter;

the receiver carries out symbol level decoding processing and bit level decoding processing on the signals according to different symbol level processors and different bit level processors corresponding to each transmitter;

the receiver performs symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on the signal according to different combinations of symbol-level processors and bit-level processors corresponding to the transmitters.

Further, the method further comprises:

if the signal is a signal which is obtained by the receiver after the data to be sent from each transmitter is subjected to bit-level processing according to different bit-level processors and symbol-level processing by the symbol-level processor, the receiver performs bit-level decoding processing on the data decoded by the symbol-level processor according to the different bit-level processors;

if the signal is a signal which is obtained by the receiver after the data processed by the bit level processor is processed by the transmitter according to different symbol level processors, the receiver performs symbol level decoding processing on the signal according to the different symbol level processors;

if the signal is a signal obtained by performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on data to be transmitted respectively according to combinations of different bit-level processors and symbol-level processors, which are received by a receiver from each transmitter, the receiver performs symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on the signal according to the combinations of the different bit-level processors and symbol-level processors.

Further, the combination of the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor different from each other includes any combination of:

bit level processors are the same and symbol level processors are different from each other;

bit-level processors are different from each other and symbol-level processors are the same;

the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor are different from each other.

Further, the receiver performs symbol level decoding processing and bit level decoding processing on the signal according to combinations of different bit level processors and symbol level processors corresponding to the transmitters, respectively, so as to obtain a plurality of different data.

The bit-level decoding processing mode by the bit-level processor includes any one of the following situations:

de-interleaving by a bit-level interleaver;

performing descrambling processing through a bit-level scrambler;

carrying out despreading processing through a bit-level spreader;

the mode of performing symbol-level decoding processing by the symbol-level processor includes any one of the following cases:

carrying out symbol-level despreading processing through a complex spreading code;

respectively carrying out symbol-level de-spreading processing and symbol-level de-interleaving processing through a complex spreading code and a symbol-level interleaver;

performing symbol-level descrambling processing through a symbol-level scrambling sequence;

and respectively carrying out symbol-level de-spreading processing and symbol-level de-scrambling processing through the complex spreading codes and the symbol-level scrambling sequences.

The signal is obtained by the receiver receiving the signal from each transmitter, carrying out carrier modulation on the data which is subjected to symbol level processing by each transmitter, and carrying out conversion processing from a base band to radio frequency on the modulated data;

the carrier modulation processing mode comprises any one of the following modulation modes: single carrier modulation processing; multi-carrier modulation processing;

wherein, the single carrier modulation processing mode at least comprises: discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) -spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation mode;

the multi-carrier modulation processing mode at least comprises at least one of the following modes: orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation mode, filtering-based OFDM modulation mode, generalized filtering multi-carrier modulation mode, N-order continuous OFDM modulation mode, and filter bank multi-carrier modulation mode.

Wherein the method further comprises:

a receiver receives signals from the same transmitter, wherein the signals are obtained by respectively carrying out bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on a plurality of data streams of the same transmitter;

decoding the signal according to the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor corresponding to each data stream to obtain a plurality of data streams from the same transmitter.

Further, the method further comprises:

if the signal received by the receiver is obtained by using different bit level processors to perform bit level processing on a plurality of data streams of the same transmitter and performing symbol level processor processing on the data streams, performing bit level decoding processing on the data after the symbol level decoding processing by the receiver according to the different bit level processors;

if the signal received by the receiver is obtained by the data of a plurality of data streams of the same transmitter after bit level processing through different symbol level processors after symbol level processing, the receiver performs symbol level decoding processing on the received signal according to the different symbol level processors;

if the signal received by the receiver is obtained by using the combination of different bit-level processors and different symbol-level processors to perform bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on a plurality of data streams of the same transmitter, the receiver performs symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on the received signal according to the combination of the different bit-level processors and different symbol-level processors.

The signal received by the receiver is obtained by performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on a plurality of data streams of the same transmitter, and then performing phase and power adjustment.

Wherein the method further comprises:

if the receiver carries out the bit level decoding processing on the data after the symbol level decoding processing from the plurality of transmitters according to different bit level processors, the receiver carries out the symbol level decoding processing on the signals of the plurality of data streams from the same transmitter according to the different symbol level processors;

if the receiver carries out symbol level decoding processing on signals from a plurality of transmitters according to different symbol level processors, the receiver carries out bit level decoding processing on data which are subjected to symbol level decoding processing and from a plurality of data streams of the same transmitter according to different bit level processors;

the receiver performs symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on signals of a plurality of data streams from different transmitters according to combinations of bit-level processors and symbol-level processors different from each other.

According to another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a receiver, including:

a receiving module, configured to receive signals from multiple transmitters, where the signals are obtained by performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on data by each of the multiple transmitters;

and the decoding module is used for decoding the signals received by the receiving module according to the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor corresponding to each transmitter to obtain data corresponding to each transmitter.

The invention provides a multiple access method, a transmitter and a receiver, compared with the existing orthogonal multiple access mode, the receiver decodes the received data through different symbol level processors and/or bit level processors, can distinguish the data transmitted by different transmitters, and is not limited by orthogonal time frequency resources, further the transmitter processes the data through the bit level processor and the symbol level processor, which is beneficial to a plurality of transmitters to transmit the data on the same time frequency resources, so that the receiver can simultaneously receive uplink data transmitted by a plurality of transmitters, is beneficial to multiplexing the same time frequency resources to a plurality of transmitters, increases the number of the transmitters which can be served, and further can further improve the number of users served by the receiver.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

fig. 1 is a flow chart of a multiple access method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a flow chart of another multiple access method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transmitting end of a multiple access technology in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a multiple access principle based on bit-level processing and symbol-level processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a multiple access transmitting end based on bit-level processing and symbol-level complex spreading in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of bit-level interleaver generation and operation in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary operation of symbol-level complex spreading according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary operation of symbol-level complex spreading (with sparseness) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of a multiple access principle based on bit-level processing and symbol-level complex spreading in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic block diagram of a multiple access transmitting end based on bit-level processing and symbol-level (complex spreading + interleaving) in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the operation flow of symbol-level complex spreading and symbol-level direct interleaving in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a diagram of an exemplary operation flow of symbol-level despreading and symbol-level zero-padding interleaving in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary operation of symbol-level complex spreading and symbol-level direct zero insertion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary operation flow of symbol-level complex spreading and symbol-level interleaving and zero-insertion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 15 is a schematic block diagram of a multiple access principle based on bit-level processing and symbol-level complex spreading and interleaving in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 16 is a schematic block diagram of a multiple access transmitting end based on bit-level processing and symbol-level scrambling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary operation of symbol level scrambling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of a multiple access principle based on bit-level processing and symbol-level scrambling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 19 is a schematic block diagram of a multiple access transmitting end based on bit-level processing and symbol-level (complex spreading + scrambling) in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary operation of symbol-level complex spreading and scrambling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram of a multiple access principle based on bit-level processing and symbol-level complex spreading and scrambling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a transmitter structure of multiple access based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spreading combined with DFT-s-OFDM according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 23 is a diagram of a multiple access receiver structure based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spreading combined with DFT-s-OFDM in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of a transmitter structure based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spread spectrum multiple access in combination with OFDM in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating a receiver structure based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spread spectrum multiple access in combination with OFDM according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of a transmitter frame based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spread spectrum multiple access techniques incorporating F-OFDM in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 27 is a block diagram of a receiver for multiple access based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spread spectrum in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 28 is a schematic diagram of a transmitter structure based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spread spectrum multiple access combining superimposed data streams according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 29 is a diagram illustrating a multi-antenna combination for transmitting only a single data stream according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 30 is a schematic diagram of a multi-antenna combination receiver for transmitting only a single data stream according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating a multi-antenna combining method for transmitting multiple data streams and mapping separately according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 32 is a schematic diagram of a multi-antenna combining manner based on data stream superposition according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 33 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus of a transmitter in an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 34 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus of a receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes all or any element and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

As will be understood by those skilled in the art, a "terminal" as used herein includes both devices having a wireless signal receiver, which are only devices having a wireless signal receiver without transmit capability, and devices having receive and transmit hardware, which are devices having receive and transmit hardware capable of two-way communication over a two-way communication link. Such a device may include: a cellular or other communications device having a single line display or a multi-line display or a cellular or other communications device without a multi-line display; PCS (Personal Communications Service), which may combine voice, data processing, facsimile and/or data communication capabilities; a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), which may include a radio frequency receiver, a pager, internet/intranet access, a web browser, a notepad, a calendar and/or a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver; a conventional laptop and/or palmtop computer or other appliance having and/or including a radio frequency receiver. As used herein, a "terminal" or "terminal device" can be portable, transportable, installed in a vehicle (aeronautical, maritime, and/or land-based), or situated and/or configured to operate locally and/or in a distributed fashion at any other location(s) on earth and/or in space. The "terminal" and "terminal Device" used herein may also be a communication terminal, a Internet access terminal, and a music/video playing terminal, and may be, for example, a PDA, an MID (Mobile Internet Device), and/or a Mobile phone with music/video playing function, and may also be a smart television, a set-top box, and other devices.

Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a transmission method for multiple access according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Step 101, a transmitter performs channel coding on an information bit sequence to determine a coding sequence; and 102, the transmitter performs bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on the coding sequence to obtain a processed sequence and transmits the processed sequence.

Wherein, the step 102 of the transmitter performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on the coded sequence comprises: the transmitter carries out bit-level processing on the coded sequence through a bit-level processor; carrying out bit-to-symbol modulation processing on the sequence subjected to the bit-level processing to obtain a symbol sequence; and carrying out symbol level processing on the symbol sequence through a symbol level processor to obtain a processed symbol sequence.

Further, the transmitter performs bit-level processing on the coded sequence by a bit-level processor, including any one of:

a. the transmitter interleaves the code sequence with a bit-level interleaver.

b. The transmitter scrambles the code sequence through a bit-level scrambler.

c. And the transmitter carries out spread spectrum processing on the coding sequence through a bit-level spreader.

Further, the transmitter obtains the bit-level interleaver information, the bit-level scrambler information, and/or the bit-level spreader information by any of: a physical broadcast channel; a physical downlink control channel; and (3) physical downlink shared channels.

Further, the manner in which the transmitter performs symbol-level processing on the symbol sequence includes any one of:

d. the transmitter performs symbol-level spreading on the symbol sequence.

e. The transmitter performs symbol-level spreading and symbol-level interleaving on the symbol sequence.

f. The transmitter performs symbol-level scrambling on the symbol sequence.

g. The transmitter performs symbol-level spreading and scrambling on the symbol sequence.

Further, the manner of performing symbol-level spread spectrum processing on the symbol sequence by the transmitter may specifically include: and the transmitter carries out symbol-level spread spectrum processing on the symbol sequence through a complex spread spectrum code.

Further, the manner in which the transmitter performs symbol-level interleaving processing on the symbol sequence may specifically include: the transmitter performs symbol-level interleaving on the symbol sequence by a symbol-level interleaver.

Further, the manner of performing symbol-level scrambling processing on the symbol sequence by the transmitter may specifically include: the transmitter performs symbol-level scrambling processing on the symbol sequence through the symbol-level scrambling sequence.

Wherein the transmitter obtains the complex spreading code, the symbol-level interleaver, and/or the symbol-level scrambling sequence by any one of: a physical broadcast channel; a physical downlink control channel; and (3) physical downlink shared channels.

Further, the processing mode of the symbol-level interleaving processing comprises any one of the following: direct interweaving treatment; zero padding interweaving treatment; direct zero-insertion interleaving processing; and (5) interleaving and zero-inserting processing.

Specifically, the direct interleaving process is a process of performing symbol-level interleaving on a symbol sequence by using a symbol-level interleaver; zero padding interleaving processing is to perform zero padding processing on the symbol sequence and perform symbol-level interleaving processing on the symbol sequence after the zero padding processing through a symbol-level interleaver; the direct zero-insertion interweaving processing is to perform zero-insertion processing on the symbol sequence according to the zero-insertion pattern information; the interleaving and zero-inserting processing is to perform symbol-level interleaving processing on the symbol sequence according to a symbol-level interleaver, and perform zero-inserting processing on the processed symbol sequence according to zero-inserting pattern information.

Further, if the transmitter is configured with multiple antennas and the current data to be transmitted is single-stream data, the transmitter converts the data after symbol level processing into multi-stream data or multi-layer data, and transmits the multi-stream data or multi-layer data through each antenna.

Further, if the data to be sent by the transmitter is multi-stream data and the transmitter is configured with multiple antennas, processing is performed according to at least one of the following manners:

h. the transmitter obtains processed multi-stream data by performing channel coding, bit-level processing, modulation and symbol-level processing, layer mapping and preprocessing on the multi-stream data, and transmits the processed multi-stream data through each antenna.

i. The transmitter obtains processed multi-stream data by performing channel coding, bit-level processing, modulation and symbol-level processing, phase/power adjustment processing, superposition processing, serial-parallel conversion processing and preprocessing on the multi-stream data, and transmits the processed multi-stream data through each antenna.

Compared with the existing orthogonal multiple access mode, the method for multiple access provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the receiver decodes the received data through different symbol level processors and/or bit level processors, can distinguish the data transmitted by different transmitters, is not limited by orthogonal time frequency resources, and further processes the data through the bit level processors and the symbol level processors, so that a plurality of transmitters can transmit the data on the same time frequency resources, the receiver can simultaneously receive uplink data transmitted by the plurality of transmitters, the same time frequency resources can be multiplexed to the plurality of transmitters, the number of the serviceable transmitters is increased, and the number of the served users of the receiver can be further increased.

Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a multiple access method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The method comprises a step 201 and a step 202, wherein, in the step 201, a receiver receives signals from a plurality of transmitters. The signal is obtained by performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on data by each of a plurality of transmitters; step 202, the receiver decodes the signal according to the bit level processor and the symbol level processor corresponding to each transmitter to obtain data corresponding to each transmitter.

Furthermore, the signal received by the receiver is obtained by performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on a plurality of data streams of the same transmitter, and then performing phase and power adjustment on the data streams.

Wherein step 202 specifically comprises: the receiver uses the symbol-level processors respectively corresponding to the transmitters to carry out symbol-level decoding processing on the signals; the receiver performs bit-level decoding processing on the symbol-level decoded data using bit-level processors respectively corresponding to the transmitters.

Further, the receiver in step 202 decodes the signal according to the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor corresponding to each transmitter, which includes any one of the following (a, B, C):

A. the receiver performs symbol level decoding processing and bit level decoding processing on the signal according to the same symbol level processor and different bit level processors corresponding to each transmitter.

For the embodiment of the present invention, if the signal is a signal obtained by performing bit level processing on data to be sent, which is received by the receiver and sent by each transmitter, according to different bit level processors, and performing symbol level processing on the data, which is received by the receiver, by a symbol level processor, the receiver performs bit level decoding processing on the data decoded by the symbol level processor according to the different bit level processors.

B. The receiver performs symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on the signal according to mutually different symbol-level processors and the same bit-level processor corresponding to each transmitter.

For the embodiment of the present invention, if the signal is a signal obtained by the receiver after the receiver performs symbol level processing on the data processed by the bit level processor according to different symbol level processors, the receiver performs symbol level decoding processing on the signal according to different symbol level processors.

C. The receiver performs symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on the signal according to a combination of mutually different symbol-level processors and bit-level processors corresponding to the respective transmitters.

For the embodiment of the present invention, if the signal is a signal obtained by performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on data to be transmitted, which is received by the receiver and sent by each transmitter, according to a combination of different bit-level processors and different symbol-level processors, the receiver performs symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on the signal according to a combination of different bit-level processors and different symbol-level processors.

Further, the receiver performs symbol level decoding processing and bit level decoding processing on the signal according to different combinations of bit level processors and symbol level processors corresponding to the transmitters, respectively, so as to obtain different data.

Wherein, the combination of the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor which are different from each other comprises any one of the following combination modes (D, E, F):

D. the bit-level processors are identical and the symbol-level processors are different from each other.

E. The bit-level processors are different from each other and the symbol-level processors are the same.

F. The bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor are different from each other.

Further, the receiver performs the bit-level decoding processing by the bit-level processor, including any one of the following (G, H, I):

G. the receiver performs deinterleaving processing by a bit-level interleaver.

H. The receiver performs a descrambling process by a bit-level scrambler.

I. The receiver performs despreading processing by a bit-level spreader.

Further, the receiver performs the symbol-level decoding processing by the symbol-level processor, including any of the following (J, K, L, M):

J. the receiver performs symbol-level despreading processing with a complex spreading code.

K. The receiver respectively carries out symbol-level de-spreading processing and symbol-level de-interleaving processing through the complex spreading code and the symbol-level interleaver.

And L, the receiver carries out symbol-level descrambling processing through the symbol-level scrambling sequence.

M, the receiver respectively carries out symbol level de-spreading processing and symbol level de-scrambling processing through the complex spreading code and the symbol level scrambling sequence.

Further, the signal may also be a signal obtained by the receiver performing carrier modulation on the data subjected to symbol-level processing by each transmitter, and performing baseband-to-radio frequency conversion processing on the modulated data.

The mode of the carrier modulation processing comprises any one of the following modulation modes: single carrier modulation processing; and (5) multi-carrier modulation processing.

The single carrier modulation processing mode at least comprises the following steps: and the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation mode of discrete Fourier transform expansion.

The multi-carrier modulation processing mode at least comprises at least one of the following modes: orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation mode, filtering-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation mode, generalized filtering-based multi-carrier modulation mode, N-order continuous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation mode and filter bank multi-carrier modulation mode.

Further, a receiver receives signals from the same transmitter, wherein the signals are obtained by respectively performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on a plurality of data streams of the same transmitter; the receiver decodes the signal according to the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor corresponding to each data stream to obtain a plurality of data streams from the same transmitter.

Further, if the signal received by the receiver is obtained by processing a plurality of data streams of the same transmitter by bit-level processors different from each other and by symbol-level processors, the receiver performs bit-level decoding processing on the data after symbol-level decoding processing according to the bit-level processors different from each other.

Further, if the signal received by the receiver is obtained by performing symbol-level processing on the data of the multiple data streams of the same transmitter by using different symbol-level processors, the receiver performs symbol-level decoding processing on the received signal according to the different symbol-level processors.

Further, if the signal received by the receiver is obtained by performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on a plurality of data streams of the same transmitter by using different combinations of bit-level processors and symbol-level processors, the receiver performs symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on the received signal according to the different combinations of the bit-level processors and the symbol-level processors.

Further, if the receiver performs bit-level decoding processing on the data after symbol-level decoding processing from multiple transmitters according to different bit-level processors, the receiver performs symbol-level decoding processing on the signals of multiple data streams from the same transmitter according to different symbol-level processors.

Further, if the receiver performs symbol-level decoding processing on signals from multiple transmitters according to different symbol-level processors, the receiver performs bit-level decoding processing on the symbol-level decoded data of multiple data streams from the same transmitter according to different bit-level processors.

Further, the receiver performs symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on signals of a plurality of data streams from different transmitters according to combinations of bit-level processors and symbol-level processors different from each other.

Compared with the existing orthogonal multiple access mode, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the receiver decodes the received data through different symbol level processors and/or bit level processors, can distinguish the data transmitted by different transmitters, is not limited by orthogonal time frequency resources, and further processes the data through the bit level processors and the symbol level processors by the transmitters, so that a plurality of transmitters can transmit the data on the same time frequency resources, the receiver can simultaneously receive uplink data transmitted by the plurality of transmitters, the same time frequency resources are favorably multiplexed to the plurality of transmitters, the number of the serviceable transmitters is increased, and the number of the service users of the receiver can be further increased.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transmitter based on bit-level processing and symbol-level processing. As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a transmitter based on bit-level processing and symbol-level processing. First, for the information bit sequence d _k ＝{d _k (M), M =0, \ 8230;, M-1} (where M is the information bit sequence length) is channel-coded. Wherein, the channel coding can be composed of a code rate of R ₁ Or a combination of a plurality of component codes together, e.g. one code rate of R ₁ The Turbo code and the code rate are R ₂ The repeated spread spectrum codes are combined to generate a lower code rate R ₃ ＝R ₂ R ₁ Or by a code rate of R ₃ Turbo code ofDirectly forming. Information bit sequence d _k Obtaining a coding sequence c through channel coding _k ＝{c _k (N), N =0, \8230;, N-1} (where N is the length of the channel-coded sequence). Then the coding sequence c _k By bit-level processor alpha _k Processing to obtain a processed sequence x _k ＝{x _k (n),n＝0,…,N-1}。

Wherein, the bit-level processing may include any of the following ways:

1. bit-level interleaving, where the bit-level processor is a bit-level interleaver (also referred to as a bit-level interleaving sequence, or bit-level interleaving pattern). In the embodiment of the invention, the length of the sequence after interleaving is consistent with the length of the sequence sent into interleaving, and the correlation between adjacent chips is reduced through interleaving, thereby being beneficial to chip-by-chip detection at a receiver.

For the embodiments of the present invention, the bit-level interleaver α _k Can be generated by random scrambling of {0,1, \8230;, N }. In the embodiment of the present invention, the order of positions occupied by bits is represented by numerical values from 0 to N.

2. Bit-level scrambling, where the bit-level processor is a bit-level scrambler (also referred to as a bit-level scrambling code sequence, or bit-level scrambling pattern). In the embodiment of the invention, the length of the sequence after scrambling is consistent with the length of the sequence before scrambling, so that the correlation between adjacent chips is reduced through scrambling, and chip-by-chip detection at a receiver is facilitated.

3. Bit-level spreading, where the bit-level processor is a bit-level spreader (also referred to as a bit-level interleaving sequence, or bit-level interleaving pattern). Specifically, spreading may be repeating coded bits or performing a spreading operation according to a given spreading sequence.

For the embodiment of the invention, the bit-level spread spectrum processing can further reduce the code rate of the data and increase the reliability of data transmission.

For the embodiment of the present invention, the obtained bit-level processed sequence is subjected to bit-to-symbol modulation to generate a symbol sequence S _k ＝{S _k (l) L =0, \ 8230;, L-1} (where L is the length of the symbol sequence,depending on the modulation scheme used and the length of the subsequent sequence of bit-level processing). The Modulation method may be constellation Modulation such as Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), phase Shift Keying (PSK), or waveform Modulation such as Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), and then the symbol sequence S is obtained _k And obtaining a processed symbol sequence through symbol-level processing, wherein the symbol-level processing may include any one of the following processing modes:

1. in the symbol-level spreading, a complex spreading code/sequence is used. In the embodiment of the present invention, the symbol sequence S _k After the complex spread spectrum code is used for spread spectrum, the equivalent lower system coding code rate can be obtained, so that the reliability of data transmission can be improved; further, the low correlation/orthogonal complex spread spectrum code is used, meanwhile, the correlation of different user data can be reduced, and detection and decoding of a receiving end are facilitated.

For the embodiment of the present invention, the complex spreading code may also have sparsity, that is, there may be a symbol 0 on the complex spreading sequence.

2. The symbol-level spread spectrum and the symbol-level interweaving are carried out, and the symbol-level interweaving is carried out on the symbol sequence generated by the symbol-level spread spectrum operation, so that the correlation among symbols is further reduced, the inter-cell interference can be reduced, the detection and the decoding of a receiving end are facilitated, and users are distinguished.

It should be noted that the order of the spreading and interleaving operations at the symbol level may be reversed, i.e., the symbol sequence S is first applied _k And carrying out symbol-level interleaving, and carrying out symbol-level spread spectrum on the interleaved symbol sequence.

3. Symbol-level scrambling, in particular for a sequence of symbols S _k Symbol level scrambling (symbol level scrambling) is performed. In the embodiment of the invention, the correlation among symbols can be reduced through the symbol-level scrambling codes, the detection and decoding of a receiving end are facilitated, and meanwhile, the interference among cells can be reduced.

4. The method comprises the steps of symbol-level spreading and symbol-level scrambling, specifically, the symbol-level scrambling is carried out on a symbol sequence generated by the symbol-level spreading operation. In the embodiment of the invention, the correlation among symbols is further reduced through the symbol-level spread spectrum and the symbol-level scrambling code, so that the method can help to reduce the inter-cell interference, help the detection and decoding of a receiving end and distinguish users.

It is noted that the order of spreading and scrambling operations at the symbol level may be reversed, i.e. the symbol sequence S is first applied _k And carrying out symbol-level scrambling, and carrying out symbol-level spread spectrum on the scrambled symbol sequence.

For the embodiments of the present invention, the processor used in the symbol level processing (e.g. symbol level complex spreading code, symbol level interleaving sequence, symbol level scrambling code, etc.) is represented as β _k . In the embodiment of the invention, after symbol-level processing, symbols carrying user information are sparsely mapped to the allocated time-frequency resources, which is beneficial to resisting interference and fading and supporting more users on the same time-frequency resources. And then carrying out operations such as baseband-to-radio frequency processing and the like on the generated data sequence, and finally transmitting the data sequence.

For the embodiment of the present invention, on the basis of the transmitter shown in fig. 3, a novel multiple access method based on bit-level processing and symbol-level processing is provided in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, K transmitters obtain their respective bit-level processor and symbol-level processor information from a physical broadcast channel, a physical downlink control channel, or a physical downlink shared channel.

The bit-level processor information and the symbol-level processor information are used to indicate the processors used in the bit-level and the symbol-level respectively, and may be indicated by a table or the like. In embodiments of the invention, the bit-level processor and/or the symbol-level processor are unique identifiers that distinguish different users by the receiver.

For the embodiment of the invention, K transmitters send signals through the mode of the transmitters and pass through respective channels h _k Are combined at the receiver and are subject to interference from noise. The receiver employs multi-user iterative detection.

Specifically, the received signal is first transmittedThe frequency is processed to baseband, and the resulting signal is sent to the multiuser detector as a baseband received signal. The multi-user detector calculates posterior probability Information of each bit or each symbol according to the baseband receiving signal and the prior probability Information of each bit generated by the previous iteration, calculates external Information (English full name: empirical Information) by combining the prior probability Information of the input detector, and then calculates the external Information according to the symbol-level processor beta of each user _k The external information output by the detector is processed in reverse, for example, if the symbol-level processing is symbol-level scrambling, the reverse processing is symbol-level descrambling, and then the recovered soft information sequence is sent to the bit-level processor α corresponding to the user _k And performing inverse processing, for example, if the bit-level processing is bit-level interleaving, the inverse processing is bit-level de-interleaving, and then inputting the soft information after the inverse processing into a decoder. In the decoder, the corresponding decoding is carried out according to the component code used by the transmitter, and the user data is obtained through judgment.

Further, for the next iteration detection, the soft information obtained by decoding is subjected to the same channel coding as the transmitter again, and the previous soft information is subtracted to obtain the extrinsic information, and then the obtained extrinsic information is subjected to the bit level processor alpha _k And (4) reprocessing, then reprocessing at a symbol level, inputting the finally obtained external information sequence into a multi-user detector as prior probability information, finishing one iteration detection, and repeating the operation to perform the next iteration detection decoding. In the above process, the information transmitted in the iterative detection decoding is probability information, that is, the probability that a bit is 0 or 1, or the probability that a symbol takes a value, and such information is called as soft information. Soft information may be represented using log-likelihood ratios or log-probabilities to simplify implementation operations. In the first iteration, no prior probability information exists, so that the prior probability input to the multi-user detector is equal probability distribution; and the subsequent iteration uses the prior probability information updated by the previous iteration, and when the iteration times reach the preset maximum value, hard decision is carried out in a decoder to obtain an information data result of a final user. Wherein the multi-user signal detector can use the unit signal estimationA counter (hereinafter, referred to as "Elementary Signal Estimator", abbreviated as "ESE"), or a detector based on a message Passing Algorithm (hereinafter, referred to as "mass page Interference Algorithm", abbreviated as "MPA"), successive Interference Cancellation (hereinafter, referred to as "Successive Interference Cancellation", abbreviated as "SIC"), and so on.

In a first embodiment of the present invention, a multiple access scheme based on bit-level processing and symbol-level complex spreading will be specifically described in this embodiment. As shown in fig. 5, an embodiment of the present invention introduces a schematic block diagram of a transmitter based on bit-level processing and symbol-level complex spreading. Firstly, for the information bit sequence d _k ＝{d _k (M), M =0, \ 8230;, M-1} (where M is the information bit sequence length) is channel-coded. Wherein, the channel coding can be performed by a code rate of R ₁ Or a plurality of component codes, for example, a code rate of R, may be combined together ₁ The Turbo code and the code rate are R ₂ The repeated spread spectrum codes are combined to generate a lower code rate R ₃ ＝R ₂ R ₁ Or by a code rate of R ₃ The Turbo code of (1) is directly formed; then the information bit sequence d _k Obtaining coded sequence c by channel coding _k ＝{c _k (N), N =0, \ 8230;, N-1} (where N is the length of the channel-coded sequence); then the coding sequence c _k By bit-level processors alpha _k Processing to obtain a processed sequence x _k ＝{x _k (n),n＝0,…,N _b -1}。

Wherein the bit-level processing may include any of:

1. bit-level interleaving, where the bit-level processor used for bit-level interleaving is a bit-level interleaver (also referred to as a bit-level interleaving sequence, or bit-level interleaving pattern). In the embodiment of the invention, through bit-level interleaving, the length of the interleaved sequence is consistent with the length of the sequence fed into the interleaving, namely N _b ＝N。

For the embodiment of the invention, the correlation of adjacent chips is reduced through interleaving, thereby being beneficial to the chip-by-chip detection of a receiver.

For the embodiments of the present invention, the bit-level interleaver α _k May be generated by random scrambling of 0,1, \8230 \ 8230;, N-1, and the position order of the bits is expressed by values of 0 to N in the embodiment of the present invention. For example, assume N =504 and the bit-level interleaving sequence is α _k =4,503, \ 8230; \ 8230;, 52}, x can be obtained _k (0)＝c _k (4),x _k (1)＝c _k (503),……,x _k (503)＝c _k (52) As shown in fig. 6.

2. Bit-level scrambling codes, the bit-level processors used by the bit-level scrambling codes being bit-level scramblers (also known as bit-level scrambling code sequences, or bit-level scrambling code patterns); wherein the length of the scrambled sequence is consistent with the length of the sequence before scrambling, namely N _b ＝N。

1. For the embodiment of the invention, the correlation of adjacent chips is reduced through scrambling, thereby being beneficial to the chip-by-chip detection of a receiver. For example, assume N =504 and the bit-level scrambling code sequence is α _k = {0,1,1,0 \8230;, 1}, scrambled sequence

Wherein

Representing a modulo-N addition of x and y, such as a modulo-2 addition.

3. Bit-level spreading, where the bit-level processor is a bit-level spreader (also known as a bit-level interleaving sequence, or bit-level interleaving pattern), and the length of the sequence after spreading is generally different from the length of the sequence before spreading. Assuming a bit-level spreading sequence alpha _k Has a length of N _α ，N _α Is not less than 1, then N _b ＝N*N _α . The bit-level spreading may be repetition of coded bits or spreading according to a given spreading sequence.

For the embodiment of the invention, the bit-level spread spectrum can further reduce the code rate of the data and increase the reliability of data transmission.

Further, the transmitter performs bit-to-symbol modulation on the obtained bit-level processed sequence to generate a symbol sequence S _k ＝{S _k (l) L =0, \\ 8230;, L-1} (where L is the length of the symbol sequence and is related to the modulation scheme used and the length of the post sequence of the bit-level processing), where the modulation scheme may be constellation modulation such as QAM, PSK, or waveform modulation such as FSK; then this symbol sequence S _k Then, obtaining a spread symbol sequence through symbol-level complex spread spectrum; wherein, the symbol-level spreading uses a complex spreading code. In the embodiment of the present invention, the symbol sequence S _k After the complex spread spectrum code is used for spread spectrum, the equivalent lower system coding code rate can be obtained, the reliability of data transmission is improved, and further if the low-correlation/orthogonal complex spread spectrum code is used, the correlation of different user data can be reduced, and the detection and decoding of a receiving end are facilitated.

Further, the symbol-level complex spreading sequence used in symbol-level complex spreading is denoted as β _k Wherein the length of the symbol-level complex spreading sequence is N _cs In the embodiment of the present invention, if N _cs =4, then β _k ＝{a _kr1 +a _ki1 *j，a _kr2 +a _ki2 *j，a _kr3 +a _ki3 *j，a _kr4 +a _ki4 * j, wherein j represents

a _kr1 ，a _kr2 ，a _kr3 ，a _kr4 Is represented by the real part, a _ki1 ，a _ki2 ，a _ki3 ，a _ki4 Represented is the imaginary part; symbol sequence S _k Each symbol in (1) is related to beta _k Multiplying to obtain a complex spread symbol sequence, i.e. a complex spread symbol sequence P _k ＝{P _k (b) B =0, \ 8230;, B-1} (where B is the length of the symbol sequence after complex spreading and is related to the sequence length L before complex spreading and the length of the complex spreading sequence, e.g. B = L × N;, B-1} _cs ) As shown in fig. 7.

Further, the complex spreading code may also have sparsity, i.e., there may be a symbol of 0 on the complex spreading sequence. In particular, if the symbol-level complex spreading sequence is represented as β _k Of length N _cs =4, then β _k ＝{a _kr1 +a _ki1 *j，0，a _kr3 +a _ki3 * j,0, the processing mode of using the complex spread spectrum code with sparsity is the same as that of the common complex spread spectrum code, namely, a symbol sequence S _k Each symbol in (1) is related to beta _k Multiplying to obtain a symbol sequence after complex spreading, and obtaining a symbol sequence P after complex spreading _k ＝{P _k (b) B =0, \ 8230;, B-1} (where B is the length of the symbol sequence after complex spreading and is related to the sequence length L before complex spreading and the length of the complex spreading sequence, e.g. B = L × N;, B-1} _cs ) Wherein P is different from the ordinary complex spreading code _k There will be a 0 value sign as shown in fig. 8.

Furthermore, after symbol-level spreading, symbols carrying user information are mapped to the allocated time-frequency resources, and further, the symbols carrying user information can be sparsely mapped to the allocated time-frequency resources, so that interference and fading resistance is facilitated, more users can be supported on the same time-frequency resources, and then, the generated data sequence is subjected to baseband-to-radio frequency processing and other operations and finally transmitted.

For the embodiment of the present invention, on the basis of the transmitter shown in fig. 5, the embodiment of the present invention provides a novel multiple access method based on bit-level processing and symbol-level processing. As shown in fig. 9, the K transmitters obtain respective bit-level processor and symbol-level complex spreading sequence information from a physical broadcast channel, a physical downlink control channel, or a physical downlink shared channel, where the bit-level processor information and the symbol-level complex spreading sequence information are respectively used to indicate a processor used at a bit level and a complex spreading sequence used at a symbol level, and the processor used at the bit level and the complex spreading sequence used at the symbol level can be obtained by means of a lookup table or the like. The bit-level processor and/or the symbol-level complex spreading sequence is a unique identifier that the receiver distinguishes between different users. The manner of distinguishing the users may include any of:

1. if the bit level processors are different, the bit level processors of users sharing the same time frequency resource are different, and no requirement is made on the symbol level complex spread spectrum code.

2. If the users are distinguished only by the symbol-level complex spreading codes, the symbol-level complex spreading codes of the users sharing the same time-frequency resource are different, and no requirement is made on a bit-level processor.

3. If differentiated by the combination of bit-level processors and symbol-level spreading codes, the combination of bit-level processors and symbol-level complex spreading codes for users sharing at least the same time-frequency resource is different.

The combination of different bit-level processors and symbol-level complex spreading codes means that the same data (sequence) has different symbol sequences obtained by the combination of different bit-level processors and symbol-level complex spreading codes.

For the embodiment of the invention, K transmitters send signals through the mode of the transmitters and pass through respective channels h _k Are combined at the receiver and are subject to interference from noise. Wherein the receiver employs multi-user iterative detection. Specifically, the received signal is first processed from radio frequency to baseband, and then the obtained signal is sent to the multi-user detector as a baseband received signal. The multi-user detector calculates posterior probability Information of each bit or each symbol according to the baseband received signal and the prior probability Information of each bit generated by the previous iteration, and calculates external Information (English full name: extrinsic Information) by combining the prior probability Information of the input detector. The receiver then spreads the code beta according to the symbol level of each user _k The external information output by the detector is subjected to de-multiplexing spread spectrum, and specifically, the soft information sequence recovered at the moment is sent to a bit level processor alpha corresponding to a user _k The inverse processing is performed, for example, if the bit-level processing is bit-level interleaving, the inverse processing is bit-level deinterleaving. Then the soft information after inverse processing is input into a decoder, specifically, in the decoder, corresponding decoding is performed according to the component code used by the transmitter, and finally, the user data is obtained through judgment.

For the next iteration detection, the soft information obtained by decoding is subjected to channel coding the same as that of the transmitter again, the soft information of the transmitter is subtracted to obtain the extrinsic information, and the obtained extrinsic information is subjected to the bit level processor alpha _k And re-processing, re-spreading by symbol-level complex spreading, and inputting the finally obtained external information sequence serving as prior probability information into the multi-user detector, so that one iteration detection is finished, and repeating the operation to perform next iteration detection decoding. In the embodiment of the present invention, in the above process, the information transmitted in the iterative detection decoding is probability information, that is, the probability that a bit is 0 or 1, or the probability that a symbol takes a value, and such information is referred to as soft information. Soft information can be represented using log-likelihood ratios or log-probabilities to simplify implementation. Wherein, in the first iteration, there is no prior probability information, so the prior probability input to the multi-user detector is equal probability distribution; and subsequent iteration uses the prior probability information updated by the last iteration, and when the iteration times reach a preset maximum value, hard decision is carried out in a decoder to obtain an information data result of a final user. The multi-user signal detector can use ESE or MPA, SIC detector, etc.

In a second specific embodiment of the present invention, a multiple access manner based on bit-level processing and symbol-level processing is described in this embodiment, where the symbol-level processing manner is symbol-level complex spreading processing and symbol-level interleaving processing.

This embodiment introduces a schematic block diagram of a transmitter based on bit-level processing and symbol-level complex spreading and interleaving, as shown in fig. 10. First, the transmitter pairs the information bit sequence d _k ＝{d _k (M), M =0, \ 8230;, M-1} (where M is the length of the information bit sequence) is channel coded, where one code rate may be R ₁ Or a plurality of component codes are combined together, e.g. one code rate is R ₁ The Turbo code and the code rate are R ₂ The repeated spread spectrum codes are combined to generate a lower code rate R ₃ ＝R ₂ R ₁ Or by a code rate of R ₃ The Turbo code of (1) is directly constructed. In particular, the information bit sequence d _k Obtaining coded sequence c by channel coding _k ＝{c _k (N), N =0, \ 8230;, N-1} (where N is the length of the channel-encoded sequence), and then the encoded sequence c is encoded _k By bit-level processors alpha _k Processing to obtain a processed sequence x _k ＝{x _k (n),n＝0,…,N _b -1}。

Wherein the bit-level processing may include any of:

1. bit-level interleaving, wherein if the bit-level processing is bit-level interleaving, the bit-level processor is a bit-level interleaver (also called a bit-level interleaving sequence, or a bit-level interleaving pattern); wherein the length of the interleaved sequence is consistent with the length of the sequence fed into the interleaving, i.e. N _b = N. In the embodiment of the invention, the correlation of adjacent chips is reduced through interleaving, and chip-by-chip detection at a receiver is facilitated. Bit-level interleaver alpha _k May be generated by random scrambling of {0,1, \8230 \ 8230;, N-1}, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the order of positions occupied by bits is represented by numerical values from 0 to N. For example, N =504, bit-level interleaving sequence is α _k = {4,503, \8230;, 52}, the sequence after interleaving process may be x _k (0)＝c _k (4),x _k (1)＝c _k (503),……,x _k (503)＝c _k (52) As shown in fig. 6.

2. Bit-level scrambling, wherein if the bit-level processing is bit-level scrambling, the bit-level processor is a bit-level scrambler (also referred to as a bit-level scrambling code sequence or a bit-level scrambling pattern); wherein the length of the scrambled sequence is consistent with the length of the sequence before scrambling, namely N _b And (N). In the embodiment of the invention, the scrambling reduces the correlation between adjacent chips, thereby facilitating the chip-by-chip detection of the receiver. For example, N =504, bit-level scrambling sequence is α _k =0, 1,0 \ 82308230, 8230, 1, the scrambled sequence can be obtained as

Wherein

A modulo N addition, such as a modulo 2 addition, of x and y is indicated.

3. Bit-level spreading, wherein if the bit-level processing is bit-level spreading, the bit-level processor is a bit-level spreader (also referred to as a bit-level interleaving sequence, or a bit-level interleaving pattern); wherein, the length of the sequence after spreading is generally different from the length of the sequence before spreading, and the bit-level spreading sequence alpha is assumed _k Is of length N _α ，N _α Not less than 1, then N _b ＝N*N _α . In the embodiment of the present invention, bit-level spreading may be performed by repeating coded bits or performing spreading operation according to a given spreading sequence, which may further reduce the code rate of data and increase the reliability of data transmission.

For the embodiment of the invention, the transmitter performs bit-to-symbol modulation on the obtained bit-level processed sequence to generate a symbol sequence S _k ＝{S _k (l) L =0, \ 8230;, L-1} (where L is the length of the symbol sequence, related to the modulation used and the length of the subsequent sequence of the bit-level processing), then this symbol sequence S _k And then the spread symbol sequence is obtained through symbol-level complex spread spectrum.

The modulation method may be QAM, PSK, or other constellation modulation, including multidimensional constellation modulation (hereinafter referred to as multi-dimensional constellation modulation) or FSK, or other waveform modulation.

Wherein, the symbol-level spread spectrum uses a complex spread spectrum code. In the embodiment of the present invention, the symbol sequence S _k After the complex spread spectrum code is used for spread spectrum, the equivalent lower system coding code rate can be obtained, and the reliability of data transmission is improved. Furthermore, if the low correlation/orthogonal complex spreading code used in the symbol-level spreading is used, the correlation of different user data can be reduced, and the detection and decoding of the receiving end are facilitated.

Wherein the symbol-level complex spreading sequence used in the symbol-level complex spreading is represented asβ _k-cs Length of symbol-level complex spreading sequence N _cs If N is _cs =4, then β _k-cs ＝{a _kr1 +a _ki1 *j，a _kr2 +a _ki2 *j，a _kr3 +a _ki3 *j，a _kr4 +a _ki4 * j, wherein j represents

a _kr1 ，a _kr2 ，a _kr3 ，a _kr4 Is represented by the real part, a _ki1 ，a _ki2 ，a _ki3 ，a _ki4 Represented is the imaginary part. Symbol sequence S _k Each symbol in (1) is related to beta _k Multiplying to obtain a complex spread symbol sequence, i.e. a complex spread symbol sequence P _k ＝{P _k (b) B =0, \ 8230;, B-1} (where B is the length of the symbol sequence after complex spreading, related to the sequence length L before complex spreading and the length of the complex spreading sequence, e.g., B = L × N) _cs )。

Further, the complex spreading code may also have sparsity, i.e., there may be a symbol of 0 on the complex spreading sequence. Similarly, the symbol-level complex spreading sequence is denoted as β _k Length N of it _cs =4, then beta _k-cs ＝{a _kr1 +a _ki1 *j，0，a _kr3 +a _ki3 * j,0, the processing mode of using the complex spread spectrum code with sparsity is the same as that of the common complex spread spectrum code, namely, the complex spread spectrum code is the symbol sequence S _k Each symbol in (1) is related to beta _k Multiplying to obtain a complex spread symbol sequence, i.e. a complex spread symbol sequence P _k ＝{p _k (b) B =0, \ 8230;, B-1} (where B is the length of the symbol sequence after complex spreading and is related to the sequence length L before complex spreading and the length of the complex spreading sequence, e.g. B = L × N;, B-1} _cs ) The two different treatment methods are P _k There will be a 0 value sign.

For the embodiment of the invention, the transmitter will complex spread the symbol sequence P _k The symbol level interleaving processing is carried out to obtain an interleaved symbol sequence Q _k ＝{Q _k (T), T =0, \8230;, T-1}, the operation of symbol level interleaving may be possible as follows:

1. and (4) direct interleaving. The length of the symbol sequence after interleaving is identical to the sequence length before interleaving, i.e. T = B. Where symbol level interleaver beta _k-it May be generated by random scrambling of {0,1, \8230 \ 8230;, T-1}, and the sequence of positions occupied by symbols is represented by numerical values of 0 to T-1 in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 11, after a symbol-level complex spreading operation is performed on a symbol sequence of length 8 using a complex spreading sequence of length 4, the length is changed to 32, and then an interleaver of length 32, for example, a β interleaver is used _k-it = 15,31,9 \ 8230 \8230j 3}, the sequence is rearranged in the order of the interleaver in the interleaved sequence.

For the embodiment of the invention, the correlation among the symbols is reduced through interleaving, thereby being beneficial to the chip-by-chip detection of a receiver.

2. Zero padding and interleaving. The complex spread sequence is partially filled with zero symbols (assuming that the filled zero symbols have N) ₀ And one), the supplement zero value symbol can make the symbol sequence have sparsity, which is beneficial to the detection and decoding of a receiving end. The length of the symbol sequence after interleaving is consistent with the length of the sequence after zero padding, namely the length of the symbol after interleaving is the sum of the length before zero padding and the number of the zero-value symbols after the zero padding, and T = B + N ₀ . Wherein the symbol-level interleaver beta _k-it May be generated by random scrambling of {0,1, \8230 \ 8230;, T-1}, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the sequence of positions occupied by symbols is represented by numerical values from 0 to T-1. As shown in fig. 12, a symbol sequence of length 8, after a symbol-level complex spreading operation using a complex spreading sequence of length 2, becomes 16 in length, and is supplemented with 16 zero-valued symbols to become a symbol sequence of length 32, and in use, a length 32 interleaver, e.g., a β interleaver _k-it = 15,31,9 \ 8230 \8230j 3}, the sequence is rearranged in the order of the interleaver in the interleaved sequence.

For the embodiments of the present invention, the correlation between symbols is reduced by interleaving, which facilitates chip-by-chip detection at the receiver.

3. And (5) directly inserting zero. The sequence after the complex spread spectrum is subjected to N according to a zero insertion pattern ₀ Zero-valued symbols are inserted into the complex-spread sequence, and the inserted zero-valued symbols can make the symbol sequence sparse,the length of the symbol sequence of the zero insertion sum is the sum of the length of the symbol sequence before zero insertion and the number of inserted zero-valued symbols, and T = B + N ₀ . Wherein, zero insertion pattern beta _k The number of zero-valued elements and the positions where the zero-valued elements are located are specified. E.g. beta _k The = 3,5,8,10 indicates that 4 zero-valued symbols need to be inserted, and the position index of the four zero-valued symbols in the final symbol sequence is 3,5,8,10. As shown in fig. 13, after a symbol-level complex spreading operation is performed on a symbol sequence having a length of 8 using a complex spreading sequence having a length of 2, the length is changed to 16, and then a null-insertion pattern β is applied _k = 3,5,8,10, 4 zero-valued symbols are inserted in the symbol sequence to become a length-20 symbol sequence.

4. Interleaving and zero insertion. The sequence after the complex spread spectrum is processed according to an interweaving pattern beta _k-it And carrying out symbol-level interleaving operation, wherein the length of the interleaved symbol sequence is consistent with the length of the sequence after zero padding, and the correlation among symbols is reduced through interleaving, thereby being beneficial to chip-by-chip detection at a receiver. Wherein the symbol-level interleaver beta _k-it Can be generated by random scrambling of {0,1, \8230;, B-1}, in the embodiment of the invention, the position sequence occupied by the symbols is represented by numerical values from 0 to B-1, and the interleaved symbol sequence is subjected to a zero insertion pattern beta _k0 The inserted zero-value symbol can make the symbol sequence have sparsity, and is favourable for detection and decoding by receiving end, the length of symbol sequence after zero-insertion is the sum of length of symbol sequence before zero-insertion and number of inserted zero-value symbol, T = B + N ₀ . Wherein zero insertion pattern beta _k0 Defining the number of zero-valued elements and the positions of the zero-valued elements, e.g. beta _k0 And the number of the inserted 4 zero-valued symbols is required to be larger than that of the inserted 4 zero-valued symbols, and the position index of the four zero-valued symbols in the final symbol sequence is 3,5,8,10. It is noted that the position index at this time is not according to the original position index.

It should be noted that the operation sequence of interleaving and zero insertion can be interchanged, that is, interleaving is performed first and then zero insertion is performed, or zero insertion is performed first and then interleaving is performed. As shown in FIG. 14, a length-8 symbol sequence uses a length-2 complexAfter the spreading sequence is subjected to symbol-level complex spreading operation, the length is changed to 16, and then the interleaving pattern beta is adopted _k-it = 14,3,9,0 \ 8230 \8230, 8230, 2,1} rearranging the symbols, and then the interleaved symbol sequence according to the zero insertion pattern beta _k = 3,5,8,10, the sequence of symbols of length 20 is formed by inserting 4 zero-valued symbols, and zero-valued symbols are ensured in the sequence of

numbers

3,5,8,10 generated after zero insertion.

It should be noted that the symbol-level complex spreading operation and the symbol-level interleaving operation may be interchanged, that is, the complex spreading operation may be performed first, and then the symbol-level interleaving operation may be performed; or firstly carrying out symbol-level interleaving operation and then carrying out symbol-level complex spread spectrum operation. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

For the embodiment of the invention, the processor beta of the symbol level _k The method is a combination of a symbol-level spreading sequence and a symbol-level interleaving module, wherein the symbol-level interleaving module can be a single symbol-level interleaver, or a symbol-level interleaver and/or a zero-insertion pattern, and the like, and for the convenience of description, a symbol-level processor beta is used _k And (4) performing representation.

For the embodiment of the invention, after symbol-level processing, symbols carrying user information are mapped to the allocated time-frequency resources, and particularly, the symbols can be sparsely mapped to the allocated time-frequency resources, so that the embodiment of the invention is favorable for resisting interference and fading and supporting more users on the same time-frequency resources. And then carrying out operations such as baseband-to-radio frequency processing on the generated data sequence, and finally transmitting the data sequence.

Further, based on the transmitter shown in fig. 10, the present invention provides a novel multiple access method based on bit-level processing and symbol-level processing, as shown in fig. 15, K transmitters obtain respective bit-level processors and symbol-level processors (complex spreading sequences and interleaving information) from a physical broadcast channel, a physical downlink control channel, or a physical downlink shared channel. The bit-level processor information and the symbol-level complex processor (spreading sequence and interleaving) information are respectively used to indicate the processors used at the bit level and the processors used at the symbol level (complex spreading sequence and possible interleaving sequence and/or zero insertion pattern used), and the processors used at the bit level and the processors used at the symbol level can be obtained by means of a lookup table or the like.

For embodiments of the present invention, a bit-level processor and/or a symbol-level processor (complex spreading sequences and/or interleaving sequences and/or zero insertion patterns) distinguish unique identifications of different users for a receiver. The manner of distinguishing the transmitters (users) may include any of:

1. if the bit level processors are distinguished only by difference, the bit level processors of users sharing the same time frequency resource are different, and no requirement is made on the symbol level processors.

2. If only the symbol level processors are used for distinguishing, at least the symbol level processors of the users sharing the same time frequency resource are different, and no requirement is made on the bit level processors.

3. If distinguished by a combination of bit-level and symbol-level processors, the combination of bit-level and symbol-level processors for users sharing at least the same time-frequency resources is different.

The combination of different bit-level processors and symbol-level processors means that the same data (sequence) has different symbol sequences obtained by the combination of different bit-level processors and symbol-level processors.

For the embodiment of the invention, K transmitters send signals in the mode of the transmitters and pass through respective channels h _k Are combined at the receiver and are subject to interference from noise. The receiver adopts multi-user iterative detection, firstly carries out radio frequency to baseband processing on a received signal, and then sends the obtained signal to a multi-user detector as a baseband receiving signal. The multi-user detector calculates posterior probability Information of each bit or each symbol according to the baseband received signal and the prior probability Information of each bit generated by the previous iteration, and calculates external Information (Extrinsic Information) by combining the prior probability Information input into the detector. And then processes the symbols according to each user's symbol level _k And performing inverse processing on the external information output by the detector, such as deinterleaving and de-complex spreading. Then will recover at that pointThe soft information sequence is sent to the bit-level processor alpha corresponding to the user _k The inverse processing is performed, for example, if the bit-level processing is bit-level interleaving, the inverse processing is bit-level deinterleaving. Then the soft information after inverse processing is input into a decoder, corresponding decoding is carried out in the decoder according to the component code used by the transmitter, and finally, the user data is obtained through judgment.

For the embodiment of the invention, in order to perform the next iterative detection, the soft information obtained by decoding is subjected to the same channel coding as that of the transmitter again, and the previous soft information is subtracted to obtain the external information. The obtained extrinsic information is processed by a bit-level processor alpha _k Re-processed and then re-processed by a symbol-level processor, such as re-despreading and re-interleaving. And inputting the finally obtained external information sequence serving as prior probability information into the multi-user detector. And repeating the operation to perform next iterative detection decoding. In the above process, the information transmitted in the iterative detection decoding is probability information, that is, the probability that a bit is 0 or 1, or the probability that a symbol takes a value, and such information is called as soft information. Soft information may be represented using log-likelihood ratios or log-probabilities to simplify implementation operations. In the first iteration, no prior probability information exists, so that the prior probability input into the multi-user detector is equal probability distribution; subsequent iterations use the prior probability information updated from the previous iteration. And when the iteration times reach a preset maximum value, carrying out hard decision in a decoder to obtain an information data result of the end user. The multi-user signal detector described above may use detectors of ESE, or MPA, or SIC, etc.

In a third specific embodiment of the present invention, a multiple access scheme based on bit-level processing and symbol-level scrambling will be described. As shown in fig. 16, an embodiment of the present invention introduces a schematic block diagram of a transmitter based on bit-level processing and symbol-level scrambling. First, the transmitter pairs the information bit sequence d _k ＝{d _k (M), M =0, \ 8230;, M-1} (where M is the information bit sequence length) is channel-coded. The channel coding can be performed by a code rate of R ₁ Or of a plurality of component codes (Turbo codes, LDPC codes, etc.)The component codes being combined together, e.g. one code rate of R ₁ Turbo code and code rate of R ₂ Are combined to produce a lower code rate R ₃ ＝R ₂ R ₁ Or by a code rate of R ₃ The Turbo code of (1) is directly constructed. In particular, the information bit sequence d _k Obtaining coded sequence c by channel coding _k ＝{c _k (N), N =0, \ 8230;, N-1} (where N is the length of the channel-encoded sequence), and then the encoded sequence c is encoded _k By bit-level processors alpha _k Processing to obtain a processed sequence x _k ＝{x _k (n),n＝0,…,N _b -1}。

The bit level processing mode may include any one of:

1. bit-level interleaving, wherein if the bit-level processing mode is bit-level interleaving processing, the bit-level processor is a bit-level interleaver (also called a bit-level interleaving sequence, or a bit-level interleaving pattern); wherein the length of the interleaved sequence is consistent with the length of the sequence fed into the interleaving, i.e. N _b N, and the chip-by-chip detection at the receiver is facilitated by interleaving such that the correlation of adjacent chips is reduced.

Wherein the bit-level interleaver α _k May be generated by random scrambling of {0,1, \8230 \ 8230;, N-1}, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the order of positions occupied by bits is represented by numerical values from 0 to N. For example, if N =504, the bit-level interleaving sequence is α _k = {4,503, \8230 \ 8230;, 52}, x can be obtained _k (0)＝c _k (4),x _k (1)＝c _k (503),……,x _k (503)＝c _k (52) As shown in fig. 6.

2. Bit-level scrambling, wherein if the bit-level processing mode is bit-level scrambling processing, the bit-level processor is a bit-level scrambler (also called a bit-level scrambling code sequence or a bit-level scrambling pattern); wherein the length of the scrambled sequence is identical to the length of the sequence before scrambling, i.e. N _b = N. The scrambling reduces the correlation between adjacent chips, facilitating chip-by-chip detection at the receiver. For example, N =504, the bit-level scrambling sequence is α _k =0, 1,0, 82308230, 8230, 1, it is possible to useTo obtain

Wherein

Representing a modulo-N addition of x and y, such as a modulo-2 addition.

3. Bit-level spreading, wherein if the bit-level processing mode is bit-level spreading, the bit-level processor is a bit-level spreader (also referred to as a bit-level interleaving sequence or a bit-level interleaving pattern); wherein, the length of the sequence after spreading is generally different from the length of the sequence before spreading, and the bit-level spreading sequence alpha is assumed _k Has a length of N _α ，N _α Is not less than 1, then N _b ＝N*N _α . Then the obtained bit-level processed sequence is subjected to bit-to-symbol modulation to generate a symbol sequence S _k ＝{S _k (l) L =0, \ 8230;, L-1} (where L is the length of the symbol sequence, related to the modulation scheme used and the length of the subsequent sequence of the bit-level processing).

The spreading may be performed by repeating coded bits or performing a spreading operation according to a given spreading sequence. In the embodiment of the invention, the code rate of the data can be further reduced through spread spectrum, and the reliability of data transmission is increased.

The modulation method may be constellation modulation such as QAM and PSK, or waveform modulation such as FSK. The symbol sequence S _k And scrambling at symbol level to obtain the scrambled symbol sequence. Wherein the symbol level scrambling uses a scrambling sequence/scrambling code, a symbol sequence S _k After the scrambling sequence is used, the correlation between symbols can be reduced, and the detection and decoding of a receiving end are facilitated. In an embodiment of the invention, the symbol-level scrambling sequence used in symbol-level scrambling is denoted as β _k Wherein the length of the symbol-level scrambling sequence is N _scr In general, N _scr = L, i.e. the scrambling operation does not change the length of the symbol sequence, β _k ＝{β _k (n _scr ),n _scr ＝0,…,N _scr -1}. Wherein the element beta in the scrambling sequence _k (n _scr ) Can be as follows:

1. may be real.

2. May be complex (constant modulus, i.e., the modulus after the scrambling operation does not change the original data symbols);

for the embodiment of the present invention, the symbol sequence S _k Each symbol in (1) is related to beta _k Multiplying to obtain a scrambled symbol sequence P _k ＝{P _k (b) B =0, \ 8230;, B-1} (where B is the length of the symbol sequence after symbol level scrambling, e.g. B = L), P _k ＝S _k ·β _k ＝{P _k (0)＝S _k (0)·β _k (0),P _k (1) Where the symbol sequence length is assumed to be 8, the length of the scrambling sequence is also 8, and the symbol-level scrambling process multiplies the symbols of the symbol sequence by the scrambling sequence elements at the corresponding positions, as shown in fig. 17.

For the embodiment of the invention, after symbol-level scrambling, symbols carrying user information can be mapped to the allocated time-frequency resources, and further can be sparsely mapped to the allocated time-frequency resources, so that interference and fading can be resisted, more users can be supported on the same time-frequency resources, and then the generated data sequence is subjected to baseband-to-radio frequency processing and other operations and finally transmitted.

For the embodiment of the present invention, on the basis of the transmitter shown in fig. 16, the embodiment of the present invention provides a novel multiple access method based on bit-level processing and symbol-level scrambling. As shown in fig. 18, the K transmitters obtain respective bit-level processor information and symbol-level scrambling sequence information from a physical broadcast channel, a physical downlink control channel, or a physical downlink shared channel, where the bit-level processor information and the symbol-level scrambling sequence information are used to indicate processors used at a bit level and scrambling sequences used at a symbol level, and may be obtained by means of a lookup table or the like. In embodiments of the invention, the bit level processor and/or the symbol level scrambling sequence is the unique identifier that the receiver distinguishes between different users. The manner of distinguishing the users may include any one of the following:

1. if the bit level processors are only different, the bit level processors of users sharing the same time frequency resource are different, and no requirement is made on the symbol level scrambling code.

2. If the users are distinguished only by the symbol-level scrambling codes, the symbol-level scrambling codes of the users sharing the same time-frequency resource are different, and no requirement is made on a bit-level processor.

3. If distinguished by a combination of bit-level processors and symbol-level scrambling codes, the combination of bit-level processors and symbol-level scrambling codes for users sharing at least the same time-frequency resources is different.

The combination of different bit-level processors and symbol-level scrambling codes means that the same data (sequence) has different symbol sequences obtained by the combination of different bit-level processors and symbol-level scrambling codes.

For the embodiment of the invention, K transmitters send signals in the mode of the transmitters and pass through respective channels h _k Are combined at the receiver and are subject to interference from noise. The receiver adopts multi-user iterative detection, specifically, the received signal is firstly processed from radio frequency to baseband, and then the obtained signal is sent to a multi-user detector as a baseband receiving signal. Then the multi-user detector calculates the posterior probability information of each bit or each symbol according to the baseband receiving signal and the prior probability information of each bit generated by the previous iteration, and calculates the external information by combining the prior probability information input into the detector. Then scrambling code beta according to the symbol level of each user _k And descrambling the external information output by the detector. Then the soft information sequence recovered at this moment is sent to the bit-level processor alpha corresponding to the user _k The inverse processing is performed, for example, if the bit-level processing is bit-level interleaving, the inverse processing is bit-level de-interleaving. The soft information after inverse processing is then input to a decoder. In the decoder, the corresponding decoding is carried out according to the component code used by the transmitter, and finally, the user data is obtained through judgment.

For the practice of the inventionFor example, for the next iteration detection, the decoded soft information is again subjected to the same channel coding as the transmitter, and the previous soft information is subtracted to obtain the extrinsic information. The obtained extrinsic information is processed by a bit-level processor alpha _k Reprocessed and then re-scrambled with symbol level scrambling. And finally, inputting the obtained external information sequence as prior probability information into the multi-user detector. And repeating the operation to perform next iterative detection decoding. In the above process, the information transmitted in the iterative detection decoding is probability information, i.e., the probability that a bit is 0 or 1, or the probability that a symbol takes a value, and such information is called soft information. Soft information may be represented using log-likelihood ratios or log-probabilities to simplify implementation operations. In the first iteration, no prior probability information exists, so that the prior probability input into the multi-user detector is equal probability distribution; subsequent iterations use the prior probability information updated from the previous iteration. And when the iteration times reach the preset maximum value, carrying out hard decision in the decoder to obtain an information data result of the final user. The multi-user signal detector can use the detector of ESE, MPA, SIC, etc.

A fourth specific embodiment of the present invention, in which a multiple access scheme based on bit-level processing and symbol-level processing, wherein the symbol-level processing is symbol-level complex spreading processing and symbol-level scrambling processing, will be described.

As shown in fig. 19, an embodiment of the present invention introduces a schematic block diagram of a transmitter based on bit-level processing and symbol-level complex spreading and scrambling. Firstly, for the information bit sequence d _k ＝{d _k (M), M =0, \ 8230;, M-1 (where M is the information bit sequence length) is channel coded. The channel coding can be performed by a code rate of R ₁ Or a plurality of component codes are combined together, e.g. one code rate is R ₁ The Turbo code and the code rate are R ₂ The repeated spread spectrum codes are combined to generate a lower code rate R ₃ ＝R ₂ R ₁ Or by a code rate of R ₃ Is directly constructed. In particular, the information bit sequence d _k Obtaining coded sequence c by channel coding _k ＝{c _k (N), N =0, \ 8230;, N-1} (where N is the length of the channel-encoded sequence), and then the encoded sequence c is encoded _k By bit-level processors alpha _k Processing to obtain a processed sequence x _k ＝{x _k (n),n＝0,…,Nb-1。

Wherein the bit-level processing may include any one of:

1. bit-level interleaving, wherein if the bit-level processing is bit-level interleaving, the bit-level processor is a bit-level interleaver (also called a bit-level interleaving sequence, or a bit-level interleaving pattern); wherein the length of the interleaved sequence is consistent with the length of the sequence fed into the interleaving, i.e. N _b And (N). In the embodiment of the invention, the correlation of adjacent chips is reduced by interleaving, thereby being beneficial to the chip-by-chip detection of a receiver. Bit-level interleaver alpha _k May be generated by random scrambling of {0,1, \8230 \ 8230;, N-1}, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the order of positions occupied by bits is represented by numerical values from 0 to N. For example, N =504, bit-level interleaving sequence is α _k = {4,503, \8230;, 52}, the sequence after interleaving process may be x _k (0)＝c _k (4),x _k (1)＝c _k (503),……,x _k (503)＝c _k (52) As shown in fig. 6.

2. Bit-level scrambling, wherein if the bit-level processing is bit-level scrambling, the bit-level processor is a bit-level scrambler (also referred to as a bit-level scrambling code sequence, or a bit-level scrambling pattern); wherein the length of the scrambled sequence is consistent with the length of the sequence before scrambling, namely N _b And (N). In the embodiment of the invention, the scrambling reduces the correlation between adjacent chips, thereby facilitating the chip-by-chip detection of the receiver. For example, N =504, bit-level scrambling sequence is α _k =0, 1,0 \ 82308230, 8230, 1, the scrambled sequence can be obtained as

Wherein

Representing a modulo-N addition of x and y, such as a modulo-2 addition.

3. Bit-level spreading, wherein if the bit-level processing is bit-level spreading, the bit-level processor is a bit-level spreader (also referred to as a bit-level interleaving sequence, or a bit-level interleaving pattern); wherein, the length of the sequence after spreading is generally different from the length of the sequence before spreading, and the bit-level spreading sequence alpha is assumed _k Has a length of N _α ，N _α Is not less than 1, then N _b ＝N*N _α . In the embodiment of the present invention, bit-level spreading may be to repeat coded bits, or perform spreading operation according to a given spreading sequence, which may further reduce the code rate of data and increase the reliability of data transmission.

Further, for the embodiment of the present invention, the transmitter performs bit-to-symbol modulation on the obtained bit-level processed sequence to generate a symbol sequence S _k ＝{S _k (l) L =0, \ 8230;, L-1} (where L is the length of the symbol sequence, related to the modulation used and the length of the subsequent sequence of the bit-level processing), then this symbol sequence S _k And then the spread symbol sequence is obtained through symbol-level complex spread spectrum.

The modulation method may be constellation modulation such as QAM and PSK, including multidimensional constellation modulation or waveform modulation such as FSK.

Wherein, the symbol-level spread spectrum uses complex spread spectrum codes. In the embodiment of the present invention, the symbol sequence S _k After the complex spread spectrum code is used for spread spectrum, the equivalent lower system coding code rate can be obtained, and the reliability of data transmission is improved. Furthermore, if the low correlation/orthogonal complex spreading code used in the symbol-level spreading is used, the correlation of different user data can be reduced, and the detection and decoding of the receiving end are facilitated.

Wherein, the symbol-level complex spreading sequence used in the symbol-level complex spreading is represented as beta _k-cs Length of symbol-level complex spreading sequence is N _cs If N is present _cs =4, then beta _k-cs ＝{a _kr1 +a _ki1 *j，a _kr2 +a _ki2 *j，a _kr3 +a _ki3 *j，a _kr4 +a _ki4 * j, wherein j represents

Further, the complex spreading code may also have sparsity, i.e. there may be a symbol 0 on the complex spreading sequence. If the symbol-level complex spreading sequence is represented as beta _k Of length N _cs =4, then β _k-cs ＝{a _kr1 +a _ki1 *j，0，a _kr3 +a _ki3 * j, 0), the processing method using the complex spreading code with sparseness is the same as that of the common complex spreading code. I.e. a symbol sequence S _k Each symbol in (1) is related to beta _k Multiplying to obtain a complex spread symbol sequence, and complex spreading the symbol sequence P _k ＝{P _k (b) B =0, \ 8230;, B-1} (where B is the length of the symbol sequence after complex spreading and is related to the sequence length L before complex spreading and the length of the complex spreading sequence, e.g. B = L × N;, B-1} _cs ) With the difference that P _k There will be a 0 value sign.

For the embodiment of the present embodiment, the symbol sequence P after the complex spreading is processed _k The scrambled symbol sequence Q is obtained by the scrambling processing of the symbol level _k ＝{Q _k (T), T =0, \\ 8230;, T-1}, said symbol level scrambling using a scrambling sequence/scrambling code (english-language full name), symbol sequence P _k After the scrambling sequence is used, the correlation between symbols can be reduced, and the detection and decoding of a receiving end are facilitated. In symbol level scramblingThe symbol-level scrambling sequence used is denoted as beta _k-scr Wherein the length of the symbol-level scrambling sequence is N _scr In general, N _scr B, i.e. the scrambling operation does not change the length of the symbol sequence, T = B, β _k ＝{β _k (n _scr ),n _scr ＝0,…,N _scr -1}. Wherein the element beta in the scrambling sequence _k (n _scr ) May be any of:

1. may be real.

2. It may be complex (constant modulus, i.e. the modulus of the original data symbols is not changed after the scrambling operation).

For the embodiment of the present invention, the symbol sequence P _k Each symbol in (1) is related to beta _k Multiplying to obtain a scrambled symbol sequence Q _k ＝{Q _k (T), T =0, \ 8230;, T-1} (where T is the length of the symbol-level scrambled symbol sequence, e.g., T = B). If the length of the symbol sequence is 4 and the length of the complex spreading sequence is 2, the length of the symbol sequence after the complex spreading is 8, the length of the scrambling sequence is also 8, and the scrambling process at the symbol level is to multiply the symbols of the symbol sequence with the scrambling sequence elements at the corresponding positions, as shown in fig. 20.

It should be noted that the symbol-level complex spreading operation and the symbol-level scrambling operation may be interchanged, that is, the complex spreading operation is performed first, and then the symbol-level scrambling operation is performed; or the scrambling operation at symbol level is firstly carried out, and then the complex spreading operation at symbol level is carried out. The embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. In an embodiment of the invention, the processor β at the symbol level _k Is a combination of a symbol-level spreading sequence and a symbol-level scrambling sequence.

For the embodiment of the invention, after symbol-level processing, symbols carrying user information can be mapped to the allocated time-frequency resources, and further can be sparsely mapped to the allocated time-frequency resources, thereby being beneficial to resisting interference and fading and supporting more users on the same time-frequency resources. And then carrying out operations such as baseband-to-radio frequency processing and the like on the data sequence generated after the symbol-level processing, and finally transmitting the data sequence.

For the embodiment of the present invention, on the basis of the transmitter shown in fig. 19, the embodiment of the present invention provides a novel multiple access method based on bit-level processing and symbol-level processing, and as shown in fig. 21, K transmitters obtain respective bit-level processors and symbol-level processors (complex spreading sequences and scrambling information) from a physical broadcast channel, a physical downlink control channel, or a physical downlink shared channel. Bit-level processor information and symbol-level complex processor (spreading sequence and scrambling) information are used to indicate the processors used at the bit level and the processors used at the symbol level (complex spreading sequence and scrambling sequence), and may be indicated by a table or the like. The bit-level processor and/or the symbol-level processor (complex spreading sequence and/or scrambling sequence) are the unique identities that the receiver distinguishes between different users. The specific manner of distinguishing the users may include any one of:

2. If the users are distinguished by the symbol level processors, the symbol level processors of the users sharing the same time frequency resource are different, and no requirement is made on the bit level processors.

For the embodiment of the invention, K transmitters send signals through the mode of the transmitters and pass through respective channels h _k Are combined at the receiver and are subject to interference from noise. The receiver adopts multi-user iterative detection, specifically, the received signal is firstly processed from radio frequency to baseband, and then the obtained signal is sent to a multi-user detector as a baseband receiving signal. Wherein the multi-user detector generates bits from the baseband received signal and a previous iterationCalculates a posteriori probability information for each bit or symbol and calculates extrinsic information in combination with the prior probability information input to the detector. And then processes the symbols according to each user's symbol level _k And performing inverse processing on the external information output by the detector, such as deinterleaving and de-complex spreading. Then the soft information sequence recovered at this moment is sent to the bit-level processor alpha corresponding to the user _k The inverse processing is performed, for example, if the bit-level processing is bit-level interleaving, the inverse processing is bit-level deinterleaving. Then the soft information after inverse processing is input into a decoder, corresponding decoding is carried out in the decoder according to the component code used by the transmitter, and finally, the user data is obtained through judgment.

For the next iteration detection, the soft information obtained by decoding is subjected to the same channel coding as the transmitter again, and the previous soft information is subtracted to obtain the extrinsic information. The obtained extrinsic information is processed by a bit-level processor alpha _k Re-processed and then re-processed by a symbol-level processor, such as re-despreading and re-interleaving. And inputting the finally obtained external information sequence serving as prior probability information into the multi-user detector. And repeating the operation to perform next iterative detection decoding. In the above process, the information transmitted in the iterative detection decoding is probability information, i.e., the probability that a bit is 0 or 1, or the probability that a symbol takes a value, and such information is called soft information. Soft information can be represented using log-likelihood ratios or log-probabilities to simplify implementation. In the first iteration, no prior probability information exists, so that the prior probability input into the multi-user detector is equal probability distribution; subsequent iterations use the prior probability information updated by the last iteration. And when the iteration times reach a preset maximum value, carrying out hard decision in a decoder to obtain an information data result of the end user. The multi-user signal detector described above may use detectors of ESE, or MPA, or SIC, etc.

In a fifth specific embodiment of the embodiments of the present invention, a combination scheme based on a bit-level processing and symbol-level processing multiple access scheme and carrier modulation will be introduced in this specific embodiment, for convenience of description, a bit-level processing manner takes bit-level interleaving as an example, a symbol-level processing manner takes symbol-level complex spread spectrum as an example, and combination manners of different processing manners are similar and are not described again.

For the embodiment of the invention, the K transmitters adopt a multiple access mode based on bit-level processing and symbol-level processing, and the receiver adopts a multi-user iterative detection decoding structure to detect the transmitted data of the K transmitters. Because the carrier modulation has the characteristics of flexible resource allocation mode, easy resistance to multipath fading and the like, the carrier modulation mode can better play the advantages of a multiple access mode based on bit-level processing and symbol-level processing. This embodiment will describe an example in combination with an important carrier modulation scheme. The details are as follows:

DFT-spread orthogonal Frequency Division multiplexing (DFT-spread-orthogonal Frequency Division multiplexing, abbreviated in english: DFT-s-OFDM), wherein DFT-s-OFDM is also called Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (abbreviated in english: SC-FDMA), and the modulation scheme is an uplink carrier modulation scheme used in LTE/LTE-a, and a Multiple Access scheme transmitter block diagram based on bit-level processing and symbol-level processing of DFT-s-OFDM is shown in fig. 22.

As shown in fig. 22, after channel coding, bit-level interleaving, modulation, and symbol-level complex spreading, DFT-s-OFDM modulation is performed on a data stream to be transmitted. The right half of fig. 22 is a block diagram of DFT-s-OFDM. Specifically, serial data streams are converted into parallel data streams after serial-parallel conversion, the parallel data streams are subjected to DFT to obtain DFT-spread data, the data are subjected to carrier mapping and IDFT, and then subjected to parallel-serial conversion and Cyclic prefix (full english: cyclic prefix, abbreviated english: CP) is added to obtain data to be transmitted.

It should be noted that the number of data before and after carrier mapping is different, and the data after carrier mapping is not less than the data before carrier mapping.

In addition, carrier mapping also determines the frequency resources used by the transmitter. Due to the fact that DFT-s-OFDM belongs to an orthogonal resource allocation mode, after a non-orthogonal multiple access mode is combined, more transmitters can be flexibly supported. Further, multiple transmitters assigned the same time-frequency resources may be distinguished from the symbol-level complex spreading sequence by a bit-level interleaver, while transmitters assigned orthogonal time-frequency resources may use the same bit-level interleaver and symbol-level complex spreading sequence. In the embodiment of the invention, the time-frequency resources, the bit-level interleavers and the symbol-level complex spreading sequences allocated to each transmitter are transmitted in a physical broadcast channel, a physical downlink control channel or a physical downlink shared channel, and the transmitter selects the used bit-level interleavers, the used symbol-level complex spreading sequences and the time-frequency resources according to the information.

Further, a multiple access mode receiver structure based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spreading combined with DFT-s-OFDM is shown in fig. 23. The demodulation process of DFT-s-OFDM is the inverse process of the modulation process, and as shown in fig. 23, the demodulated data is sent to and decoded by multi-user iterative detection to obtain the data of each transmitter. It should be noted that the receiver structure shown in fig. 2 and 3 is suitable for a structure that serves multiple transmitters in a non-orthogonal manner on a set of time-frequency resources. Therefore, when considering transmitters on different time-frequency resources, the different time-frequency resources need to be processed separately in the structure shown in fig. 23.

2. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), which is a downlink carrier modulation scheme used by LTE/LTE-a and is also selected as a main uplink carrier modulation scheme in 5G. A transmitter structure based on mode mapping in conjunction with OFDM is shown in fig. 24.

In fig. 24, data to be transmitted is obtained by OFDM modulation of a data stream that has undergone bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spreading. The OFDM modulation includes serial-to-parallel conversion, resource mapping (i.e., mapping data to be modulated onto different subcarriers of different OFDM symbols), IDFT, and parallel-to-serial conversion and CP addition. Similar to DFT-s-OFDM, OFDM is an orthogonal multi-carrier modulation scheme, and by combining with a multiple access scheme based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spread spectrum, a more flexible resource allocation scheme can be provided for the system, and more users can be supported. The transmitters assigned the same time frequency resource can be distinguished from the symbol-level complex spreading sequence by a bit-level interleaver, and the transmitters assigned the orthogonal time frequency resource can use the same bit-level interleaver and symbol-level complex spreading sequence. And further transmitting the time-frequency resources, the bit-level interleavers and the symbol-level complex spreading sequences which are allocated to each transmitter in a physical broadcast channel, a physical downlink control channel or a physical downlink shared channel. The transmitter selects the bit-level interleaver and the symbol-level complex spreading sequence and the time-frequency resource to be used according to the information.

For the embodiment of the present invention, the receiver structure of two-stage interleaving multiple access based on mode mapping combined with OFDM is shown in fig. 25.

Where OFDM demodulation is the inverse of its modulation. Specifically, the CP of the received signal is removed, DFT and resource demapping is carried out after parallel-serial conversion is carried out, and the data stream of each transmitter is obtained through iterative detection decoding after serial-parallel conversion.

3. OFDM based filtering (English full name: filtered-OFDM, english abbreviation: F-OFDM)

The F-OFDM is a novel waveform modulation technology based on subband filtering, can meet the requirements of future scenes on out-of-band leakage, resource allocation flexibility and the like, and is one of candidate technologies of a novel air interface technology. A block diagram of a transmitter for a multiple access technique based on a bit-level interleaver and a symbol-level complex spreading sequence in conjunction with F-OFDM is shown in fig. 26.

As shown in fig. 26, the data stream to be processed is modulated by F-OFDM after channel coding, bit-level interleaving, modulation, and symbol-level complex spreading. The modulation scheme of F-OFDM is shown in the right half of FIG. 26. The method comprises the steps of firstly performing serial-parallel conversion on input data to obtain parallel data, performing IDFT after resource mapping, performing parallel-serial conversion, adding CP to obtain a time domain signal, and then filtering the time domain signal by using time domain subband filtering according to a subband frequency band to be sent to obtain the time domain signal to be sent. In the embodiment of the invention, compared with the OFDM technology, the F-OFDM supports subband filtering and can more flexibly support transmitters with various carrier modulation configurations. Meanwhile, the F-OFDM also reserves the advantage of supporting flexible resource allocation through resource mapping.

The receiver informs the transmitter of the sub-band allocated to the transmitter, the resource allocation condition, the bit-level interleaver and the symbol-level complex spreading sequence through a physical broadcast channel, a physical downlink control channel or a physical downlink shared channel in a look-up table manner. The transmitter adjusts the bit-level interleaver, the symbol-level complex spreading sequence, the resource allocation mode, the multi-carrier modulation parameter setting and the time-domain filter parameter setting according to the information, and sends data.

For the embodiments of the present invention, the receiver distinguishes data from different transmitters by the subbands being processed, the resource allocation, and the bit-level interleaver and symbol-level complex spreading sequence. A block diagram of a receiver based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spread spectrum multiple access technique incorporating F-OFDM is shown in fig. 27.

In the example shown in fig. 27, the whole frequency band is divided into L sub-bands, and each sub-band provides data access service for multiple transmitters through orthogonal resource allocation and non-orthogonal interleaved multiple access. That is, the receiver first obtains the data information in each subband through subband filtering, and then obtains the data sent by the transmitter distributed on each time-frequency resource through OFDM demodulation. The modes of distinguishing the users in the two steps are orthogonal, and no interference exists in an ideal situation. Data sent by a plurality of transmitters is received on the same time-frequency resource of the same sub-band, and needs to be detected by using the iterative detection decoding receiver structure similar to that in the above-mentioned embodiment.

It should be noted that, in addition to the above-listed examples, the multiple access technique based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spread spectrum provided by the present invention may be combined with other carrier modulation techniques, such as generalized filtering multicarrier modulation (UFMC), N-order continuous OFDM (N-continuous OFDM, NC-OFDM), filter bank multicarrier modulation (BMC), and so on.

A sixth specific embodiment of the present invention, in which a scheme for increasing a single user data rate by overlapping a plurality of transport streams will be described. The system configuration is as shown in the first specific embodiment, the K transmitters adopt a transmitter structure based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spread spectrum multiple access technology, and the receiver multi-user joint iterative detection receiver detects data of the K users.

For the embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve the transmission data rate of a single user, a transmitter simultaneously transmits multiple data rates at the same frequency in a multi-stream superposition manner, and a block diagram of the transmitter is shown in fig. 28.

Specifically, in fig. 28, the data streams 1 to M are data streams of a single user, and may be generated after being generated by one data source and split, or M independent data streams are generated separately, or a part of the data streams is generated by one data source and split, and another part of the data streams is generated by an independent data source. After the data of each data stream is subjected to channel coding, bit-level interleaving, modulation and symbol-level complex spreading, the generated symbol stream is subjected to phase and power adjustment, multi-carrier modulation is carried out, and the signal streams subjected to multi-carrier modulation are superposed and then are transmitted through conversion from a base band to a radio frequency. The order of multi-carrier modulation and superposition can be exchanged, that is, each data stream is firstly superposed, and then multi-carrier modulation is performed and transmitted.

Further, the receiver detection decoding structure is similar to the example shown in fig. 4. Specifically, the multi-user detector completes symbol detection according to the phase and power adjustment of each data stream of each user on the modulation symbols, and performs subsequent iterative detection decoding operation. The iterative detection decoder outputs all data stream information of each user, and the receiver completes the identification and the distinction of user data according to the bit-level interleaver and/or the symbol-level complex spread spectrum sequence.

The bit-level interleaver and the symbol-level complex spreading sequence are the basis for distinguishing different users from different data streams. The specific distribution mode is as follows:

1. different data streams of the same transmitter are allocated with the same bit-level interleaver and different symbol-level complex spreading sequences, and different transmitters are allocated with different bit-level interleavers. The receiver distinguishes data from different transmitters according to a bit-level interleaver and distinguishes different data streams of the same transmitter according to a symbol-level complex spreading sequence.

2. Different data streams of the same transmitter are allocated with the same symbol-level complex spreading sequences and different bit-level interleavers, and different transmitters are allocated with different symbol-level complex spreading sequences. The receiver distinguishes data from different transmitters according to the second level mode mapping pattern and distinguishes different data streams for the same transmitter according to the bit level interleaver.

3. Different bit-level interleavers and symbol-level complex spreading sequences are assigned to different data streams for different transmitters. The receiver distinguishes each data stream according to the bit-level interleaver and the symbol-level complex spreading sequence, and then obtains the data of each transmitter.

The phase and power adjustment criteria are to ensure that symbols corresponding to different data streams from the same transmitter do not overlap or cancel each other when they are superimposed. One preferred criterion for the constellation point modulation mode is to design a phase and power modulation criterion of the low-order modulation data stream according to a high-order modulation constellation map under the condition that the power limit is met. Taking a transmitter transmitting eight streams using BPSK modulation as an example, the phase and power adjustment factors for each channel are shown in table 1.

Table 1: phase and power adjustment examples

Flow of	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
									Phase (°)	45	-45	45	-45	18.43	-18.43	71.57	-71.57
Power of	0.2	0.2	1.8	1.8	1	1	1	1

Wherein, if the phase adjustment factor of the k-th data stream is theta _k The power adjustment factor is a _k And the transmitted constellation point symbol is x _k Then the actual transmission symbol of the kth data stream is

After adjusting the phase and power according to table 1, the superimposed transmitter transmits a constellation diagram similar to 16QAM modulation, and the transmission symbols of the respective streams are not overlapped and cancelled each other when superimposed. Wherein theta is _k And a _k As determined from table 1.

For the embodiment of the present invention, in order to serve multiple transmitters (users) on the same time-frequency resource, the receiver will send the bit-level interleaver, the symbol-level complex spreading sequence, the corresponding phase power adjustment factor, and the supported maximum number of streams used for distinguishing the transmitters (users) on the physical broadcast channel, the physical downlink control channel, or the physical downlink shared channel in the manner of a lookup table. The transmitter determines the number of streams to be superimposed, the bit-level interleaver, the symbol-level complex spreading sequence and the corresponding phase power adjustment factor allocated to each stream according to the number of data streams to be transmitted and the maximum number of streams supported.

Wherein, if the number of actually transmitted streams K is less than the maximum number of streams K supported by the receiver _max The transmitter may transmit as follows:

1. only K data streams are transmitted, and the number of streams transmitted by the receiver is informed in a physical uplink control channel or a physical uplink shared channel. I.e. sending a stream number indication, informing the receiver in a look-up table of the number of streams that need to be received.

2. Sending K _max A data stream, wherein K data streams carry information, and K _max -K data streams carrying all zero data. Since the all-zero sequence is a permissible codeword for channel coding, if the receiver detects all-zeros or a sequence close to all-zeros, it is assumed that the stream is not used for transmitting data. That is, after the iterative detection and decoding process is completed, the number of zeros in the decoded sequence is counted. If the number of zeros exceeds a preset threshold, the stream is considered to be used for transmitting the effective sequence, otherwise, the stream is considered not to be used for transmitting the effective sequence.

For the embodiment of the invention, through a multi-stream superposition mode, the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can support more users on the same time-frequency resource, simultaneously improve the transmission data rate of a single user and keep higher reliability.

In a seventh embodiment of the present invention, a scheme of combining a multiple access scheme based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spreading with a multi-antenna technology will be described in this embodiment. System configuration As a first specific embodiment, K transmitters use multiple access based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spreading sequences and are equipped with N _T And a root transmitting antenna for transmitting data in a multi-antenna manner. The receiver detects and estimates the transmitted bit stream by iterative detection decoding as shown in fig. 4. Receiver equipment N _R The root receives the antenna.

Wherein the transmitter transmits using multi-antenna technology as in the manner described in fig. 29.

1. As shown in fig. 29, only one data stream is transmitted, and after channel coding, bit-level interleaving, modulation, and symbol-level complex spreading, serial-parallel conversion is performed to convert one data stream into a plurality of data streams. Layer mapping similar to that in LTE may also be performed to convert one data stream into multiple data streams. And then preprocessing the data streams to obtain the multi-antenna data streams to be transmitted. The preprocessing includes a space-time precoding operation, such as multiplication with a precoding matrix or space-time coding. To estimate the channel state information, the transmitters insert mutually orthogonal reference signals in each link after serial-to-parallel conversion (or layer mapping), and mutually orthogonal reference signals are also used between different transmitters. The receiver estimates the preprocessed equivalent channel state information from the reference signal. The receiver still adopts the superposition detection decoding structure shown in fig. 4, and the specific structure is shown in fig. 30. After the received signal passes through the multi-antenna multi-user detector, an estimate of each transmit link signal is obtained. These signals are parallel-to-serial converted (or layer demapped) to obtain a data stream from a transmitter. The data stream is subjected to symbol-level despreading, bit-level deinterleaving and channel decoding to obtain an estimate of the data sent by the transmitter. The data estimation is used as prior information to carry out bit-level interleaving, symbol-level complex spread spectrum and serial-parallel conversion (or layer mapping), and the data estimation is input into a multi-antenna multi-user detector to be used as the prior information of the next iteration.

Wherein different transmitters employ different bit-level interleavers and/or symbol-level complex spreading sequences in order to distinguish between data from different transmitters. For the specific bit-level interleaver and/or the symbol-level complex spreading sequence allocation, reference may be made to the foregoing embodiments, which are not described herein again.

2. As shown in fig. 31, M data streams are transmitted, each of which is channel coded, bit-level interleaved, modulated, and symbol-level complex spread. In fig. 31, the function of the module for data generation based on bit-level interleaving and symbol-level complex spreading is to process the data stream in the manner shown in fig. 3. The processed data stream is sent through multiple antennas after being subjected to layer mapping and preprocessing, wherein one possible layer mapping and preprocessing mode is that a layer mapping equivalent matrix and a preprocessing equivalent matrix are unit matrices, namely, the processed data stream corresponds to a sending antenna link one by one, and in the mode, each data link is inserted with mutually orthogonal reference signals for channel estimation of each data link; when the receiver processes, each link is treated as a different transmitter using a single antenna, an iterative detection decoding structure as shown in fig. 4 is used to detect the data bit stream, and the data streams from different users are distinguished by a bit-level interleaver and/or a symbol-level complex spreading sequence.

For the embodiment of the invention, the allocation of the bit-level interleaver and the symbol-level complex spreading sequence is informed to each transmitter in a broadcast channel, a physical downlink control channel or a physical downlink shared channel by means of a lookup table. To distinguish the data streams from different users, the bit-level interleaver and the symbol-level complex spreading sequence are allocated among different transmitters in the following way:

a. different data streams of the same transmitter adopt the same bit-level interleaver and different symbol-level complex spread spectrum sequences, and different transmitters adopt different bit-level interleavers; the receiver distinguishes data from different transmitters by a bit-level interleaver and different data streams of the same transmitter by a symbol-level complex spreading sequence.

b. Different data streams of the same transmitter adopt the same symbol-level complex spread spectrum sequence and different bit-level interleavers, and different transmitters adopt different symbol-level complex spread spectrum sequences; the receiver distinguishes data from different transmitters by symbol-level complex spreading sequences and different data streams of the same transmitter by a bit-level interleaver.

For the embodiment of the invention, different bit-level interleavers and different symbol-level complex spread spectrum sequences are adopted for different data streams of different transmitters; the receiver combines a bit-level interleaver with a symbol-level complex spreading sequence to distinguish the different data streams for each user.

3. As shown in fig. 32, a plurality of data streams are transmitted, and different data streams of the same transmitter are overlapped after being adjusted in phase and power, and then transmitted through a plurality of transmitting antennas after being subjected to serial-parallel conversion (or layer mapping) and preprocessing.

In order to distinguish different data streams from different transmitters, a bit-level interleaver and a symbol-level complex spreading sequence need to be allocated to each data stream. The allocation method refers to the solution of the seventh embodiment, and notifies each transmitter in a physical broadcast channel, a physical downlink control channel, and a physical downlink shared channel at the same time.

The purpose of the phase/power adjustment is to prevent the data streams from the same transmitter from overlapping or canceling each other when they are superimposed, and the specific adjustment is described in the sixth embodiment of the present invention. To estimate the equivalent channel state information of each link, reference signals need to be inserted. The reference signal is inserted after serial-to-parallel conversion (or layer mapping), pre-processed and then transmitted to the receiver for estimating the pre-processed equivalent channel. After phase/power adjustment, the receiver can detect the received signal in the manner shown in fig. 30 and distinguish different data streams from different transmitters according to the bit-level interleaver and the symbol-level complex spreading sequence.

4. At least two of the three modes are combined. For example, the partial link is directly mapped, the partial link is subjected to serial-parallel conversion and then layer mapping, and the like.

It should be noted that, in the above manners, the second manner is more suitable for increasing the transmission data rate, that is, the transmission data rate is increased by transmitting different data streams on different links; the first mode is more suitable for improving the transmission reliability, namely space diversity is obtained through space-time coding such as space-time block coding and space-frequency block coding, and the transmission reliability is improved; the third mode can simultaneously obtain the improvement of reliability and data rate, namely space-time coding such as space-time block coding and space-frequency block coding is used for obtaining space diversity, and the improvement of the data rate is obtained by superposition of a plurality of data streams; while the fourth approach can be seen as a compromise between reliability and data rate.

For the embodiment of the present invention, when the transmitter can obtain the channel state information of the transmission channel through channel estimation or feedback, etc., interference between different links of the same transmitter can be eliminated through precoding (e.g., zero-forcing precoding), etc., which will greatly simplify the operation of the receiver, and the above various manners can be used to improve the transmission data rate.

The present invention provides a transmitter, as shown in fig. 33, further comprising: a channel coding module 3301, a processing module 3302, a transmitting module 3303, wherein,

a channel coding module 3301, configured to perform channel coding on the information bit sequence to determine a coding sequence.

And a processing module 3302, configured to perform bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on the coded sequence obtained by the coding performed by the channel coding module 3301, so as to obtain a processed sequence.

A sending module 3303, configured to send the processed sequence.

Compared with the existing transmitter, the receiver in the embodiment of the invention decodes the received data through the different symbol level processors and/or bit level processors, can distinguish the data transmitted by different transmitters, and is not limited by orthogonal time frequency resources, and further the transmitter processes the data through the bit level processors and the symbol level processors, so that a plurality of transmitters can transmit the data on the same time frequency resources, the receiver can simultaneously receive uplink data transmitted by the plurality of transmitters, the same time frequency resources can be multiplexed to the plurality of transmitters, the number of the serviceable transmitters is increased, and the number of the receiver service users can be further increased.

The transmitter provided in the embodiment of the present invention can implement the method embodiment provided above, and for specific function implementation, reference is made to the description in the method embodiment, which is not described herein again.

The present invention provides a receiver, as shown in fig. 34, further including: a receiving module 3401, a decoding module 3402, wherein,

a receiving module 3401 is used for receiving signals from a plurality of transmitters.

The signal is obtained by performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on data by each of a plurality of transmitters.

A decoding module 3402, configured to decode the signal received by the receiving module 3401 according to the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor corresponding to each transmitter, to obtain data corresponding to each transmitter.

Compared with the existing receiver, the receiver in the embodiment of the invention decodes the received data through different symbol level processors and/or bit level processors, can distinguish the data transmitted by different transmitters, is not limited by orthogonal time-frequency resources, further processes the data through the bit level processors and the symbol level processors by the transmitters, is favorable for a plurality of transmitters to transmit the data on the same time-frequency resources, so that the receiver can simultaneously receive uplink data transmitted by the plurality of transmitters, is favorable for multiplexing the same time-frequency resources to the plurality of transmitters, increases the number of the serviceable transmitters, and further can further improve the number of users served by the receiver.

The receiver provided in the embodiment of the present invention can implement the method embodiment provided above, and for specific function implementation, reference is made to the description in the method embodiment, which is not described herein again.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention includes apparatus related to performing one or more of the operations described in the present application. These devices may be specially designed and manufactured for the required purposes, or they may comprise known devices in general-purpose computers. These devices have stored within them computer programs that are selectively activated or reconfigured. Such a computer program may be stored in a device (e.g., computer) readable medium, including, but not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, hard disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-optical disks, ROMs (Read-Only memories), RAMs (Random Access memories), EPROMs (Erasable Programmable Read-Only memories), EEPROMs (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only memories), flash memories, magnetic cards, or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a bus. That is, a readable medium includes any medium that stores or transmits information in a form readable by a device (e.g., a computer).

It will be understood by those within the art that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by computer program instructions. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer program instructions may be implemented by a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, implement the aspects specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks of the present disclosure.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various operations, methods, steps, measures, arrangements of steps in the flow, which have been discussed in the present application, may be alternated, modified, combined, or eliminated. Further, various operations, methods, steps in the flows, which have been discussed in the present application, may be interchanged, modified, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or eliminated. Further, steps, measures, schemes in the various operations, methods, procedures disclosed in the prior art and the present invention can also be alternated, changed, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted.

The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method performed by a user equipment in a communication system, comprising:

channel coding the sequence of information bits to determine a coded sequence;

performing bit-level processing on the coded sequence by a bit-level processor;

carrying out bit-to-symbol modulation processing on the sequence subjected to the super-level processing to obtain a symbol sequence;

carrying out symbol level processing on the symbol sequence through a symbol level processor to obtain a processed sequence, and sending the processed sequence;

the method for performing symbol-level processing on the symbol sequence includes any one of the following steps:

performing symbol-level spread spectrum processing on the symbol sequence;

carrying out symbol-level spread spectrum processing and symbol-level interleaving processing on the symbol sequence;

carrying out symbol-level scrambling processing on the symbol sequence;

carrying out symbol-level spread spectrum processing and symbol-level scrambling processing on the symbol sequence;

wherein the bit-level processing of the encoded sequence by the bit-level processor comprises at least one of:

interleaving the coded sequence by a bit-level interleaver;

scrambling the coded sequence by a bit-level scrambler;

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that bit-level interleaver information, bit-level scrambler information and/or bit-level spreader information is obtained for bit-level processing of the coded sequence by any of:

3. The method of claim 1,

the method for performing symbol-level spread spectrum processing on the symbol sequence comprises the following steps:

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the symbol-level interleaving process comprises any one of: direct interweaving treatment; zero padding interweaving treatment; direct zero-insertion interleaving processing; and (5) interleaving and zero insertion processing.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the direct interleaving is a symbol-level interleaving of the symbol sequence by a symbol-level interleaver;

6. The method according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the complex spreading code, the symbol-level interleaver and/or the symbol-level scrambling sequence are obtained by any of:

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

and if the user equipment is configured with a plurality of antennas and the current data to be sent is single-stream data, converting the data subjected to symbol level processing into multi-stream data or multi-layer data by the user equipment, and transmitting the multi-stream data or the multi-layer data through each antenna.

8. The method of claim 1 or 7, further comprising:

if the data to be sent by the user equipment is multi-stream data and the user equipment is configured with multiple antennas, processing according to at least one of the following modes:

and obtaining processed multi-stream data by carrying out channel coding, bit-level processing, modulation and symbol-level processing, phase/power adjustment processing, superposition processing, serial-parallel conversion processing and pretreatment on the multi-stream data, and transmitting the processed multi-stream data through each antenna.

9. A method performed by a base station in a communication system, comprising:

receiving signals from a plurality of user equipment, wherein the signals are signals of each of the plurality of user equipment after bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on data;

decoding the signals according to a bit level processor and a symbol level processor corresponding to each user equipment to obtain data corresponding to each user equipment;

the mode of performing symbol-level decoding processing by a symbol-level processor includes any one of the following situations:

carrying out symbol-level despreading processing through complex spreading codes;

performing symbol-level descrambling processing through the symbol-level scrambling sequence;

respectively carrying out symbol-level de-spreading processing and symbol-level de-scrambling processing through the complex spreading codes and the symbol-level scrambling sequences;

wherein, the mode of bit-level decoding processing by the bit-level processor includes at least one of the following situations:

performing de-interleaving processing through a bit-level interleaver;

performing descrambling processing through a bit-level scrambler;

and performing despreading processing through a bit-level spreader.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of decoding the signal according to a bit-level processor and/or a symbol-level processor corresponding to each ue to obtain data corresponding to each ue comprises:

performing symbol-level decoding processing on the signals by using symbol-level processors respectively corresponding to the user equipment;

and carrying out bit-level decoding processing on the data subjected to the symbol-level decoding processing by using bit-level processors respectively corresponding to the user equipment.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein decoding the signal according to the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor corresponding to each user equipment comprises either:

respectively carrying out symbol level decoding processing and bit level decoding processing on the signals according to the same symbol level processor and different bit level processors corresponding to each user equipment;

carrying out symbol level decoding processing and bit level decoding processing on the signals according to different symbol level processors and same bit level processors corresponding to each user equipment;

and carrying out symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on the signals according to different combinations of symbol-level processors and bit-level processors corresponding to the user equipment.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

if the signal is a signal obtained by performing bit level processing on data to be sent by each user equipment from the base station according to different bit level processors and performing symbol level processing on the data by the symbol level processor, the base station performs bit level decoding processing on the data decoded by the symbol level processor according to the different bit level processors;

if the signal is a signal which is obtained by the base station after the user equipment respectively performs symbol level processing on the data processed by the bit level processor according to different symbol level processors, the base station performs symbol level decoding processing on the data decoded by the bit level processor according to different symbol level processors;

and if the signal is obtained by carrying out bit level processing and symbol level processing on the data to be transmitted respectively according to the combination of different bit level processors and different symbol level processors, which is received by the base station from each user equipment, the base station carries out symbol level decoding processing and bit level decoding processing on the signal according to the combination of the different bit level processors and different symbol level processors.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the combination of bit-level and symbol-level processors that are different from each other comprises any combination of:

bit-level processors are identical and symbol-level processors are different from each other;

bit level processors are different from each other and symbol level processors are the same;

14. The method of claim 13, wherein a plurality of data obtained by symbol-level decoding and bit-level decoding the signal according to different combinations of bit-level processors and symbol-level processors corresponding to the respective ues are different from each other.

15. The method of claim 9,

the signal is obtained by the base station receiving the signal obtained by the user equipment performing carrier modulation on the data which is subjected to symbol level processing by the user equipment and performing conversion processing from a base band to a radio frequency on the modulated data;

16. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

receiving a signal from the same user equipment, wherein the signal is obtained by respectively carrying out bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on a plurality of data streams of the same user equipment;

decoding the signal according to a bit-level processor and a symbol-level processor corresponding to each data stream to obtain a plurality of data streams from the same user equipment.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

if the received signals are obtained by using different bit level processors to perform bit level processing on a plurality of data streams of the same user equipment and performing symbol level processor processing, performing bit level decoding processing on the data subjected to the symbol level decoding processing according to the different bit level processors;

if the received signal is obtained by using different symbol level processors to perform symbol level processing on data subjected to bit level processing of a plurality of data streams of the same user equipment, performing symbol level decoding processing on the received signal according to the different symbol level processors;

if the received signal is obtained by using the combination of the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor which are different from each other to perform bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on a plurality of data streams of the same user equipment, performing symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on the received signal according to the combination of the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor which are different from each other.

18. The method of claim 16 wherein the received signal is obtained by performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing, and then performing phase and power adjustments on multiple data streams of the same ue.

19. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

if the bit level decoding processing is carried out on the data after the symbol level decoding processing from the user equipment according to the different bit level processors, the symbol level decoding processing is carried out on the signals of the data streams from the same user equipment according to the different symbol level processors;

if the symbol level decoding processing is carried out on the signals from the plurality of user equipment according to the different symbol level processors, carrying out the bit level decoding processing on the data which is subjected to the symbol level decoding processing and is from the plurality of data streams of the same user equipment according to the different bit level processors;

and carrying out symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on signals of a plurality of data streams from different user equipment according to different combinations of the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor.

20. A user device, comprising:

the processing module is used for carrying out bit level processing on the coding sequence through a bit level processor;

carrying out symbol level processing on the symbol sequence through a symbol level processor to obtain a processed symbol sequence;

a sending module, configured to send the processed sequence;

when the processing module performs symbol-level processing on the symbol sequence, it is specifically configured to:

performing symbol-level spread spectrum processing on the symbol sequence;

carrying out symbol-level scrambling processing on the symbol sequence;

performing symbol-level spread spectrum processing and symbol-level scrambling processing on the symbol sequence;

wherein, when the processing module performs bit-level processing on the coding sequence through a bit-level processor, the processing module is specifically configured to perform at least one of the following operations:

interleaving the coded sequence by a bit-level interleaver;

scrambling the coded sequence by a bit-level scrambler;

21. The user equipment of claim 20, wherein the user equipment further comprises: an acquisition module, wherein,

the obtaining module is configured to obtain bit-level interleaver information, bit-level scrambler information, and/or bit-level spreader information through any one of the following steps, so as to perform bit-level processing on the encoded sequence:

22. The ue of claim 20, wherein the processing module, when performing symbol-level spreading processing on the symbol sequence, is specifically configured to:

performing symbol-level spread spectrum processing on the symbol sequence through a complex spread spectrum code;

when the processing module performs symbol-level interleaving processing on the symbol sequence, the processing module is specifically configured to:

when the processing module performs symbol-level scrambling processing on the symbol sequence, the processing module is specifically configured to:

23. The UE of claim 20, wherein the symbol-level interleaving process is performed in a manner including any one of: direct interweaving processing; zero padding interweaving processing; direct zero-insertion interleaving processing; and (5) interleaving and zero insertion processing.

24. The UE of claim 23, wherein the direct interleaving is a symbol-level interleaving for a symbol sequence by a symbol-level interleaver;

the zero padding interleaving processing is to perform zero padding processing on the symbol sequence, and perform symbol level interleaving processing on the symbol sequence after the zero padding processing through a symbol level interleaver;

the interleaving and zero-inserting processing is to carry out symbol-level interleaving processing on a symbol sequence according to a symbol-level interleaver, and carry out zero-inserting processing on the processed symbol sequence according to zero-inserting pattern information.

25. The UE of claim 21, wherein the obtaining module is further configured to obtain the complex spreading code, the symbol-level interleaver, and/or the symbol-level scrambling sequence by any one of:

26. The UE of claim 20, wherein the UE method further comprises: a conversion and transmission module, wherein,

and the conversion and module is configured to, when the user equipment is configured with multiple antennas and current data to be sent is single-stream data, convert the data after symbol level processing into multi-stream data or multi-layer data, and transmit the multi-stream data or the multi-layer data through each antenna.

27. The user equipment according to claim 20 or 26, wherein the user equipment further comprises:

the processing module is further configured to, when the data to be sent by the user equipment is multi-stream data and the user equipment is configured with multiple antennas, perform processing in at least one of the following manners:

28. A base station, comprising:

a receiving module, configured to receive signals from multiple pieces of user equipment, where the signals are obtained by performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on data by each piece of user equipment in the multiple pieces of user equipment;

a decoding module, configured to decode the signal received by the receiving module according to a bit-level processor and a symbol-level processor corresponding to each user equipment, so as to obtain data corresponding to each user equipment;

when the decoding module performs symbol-level decoding processing through a symbol-level processor, the decoding module is specifically used in any one of the following situations:

wherein, when the decoding module performs the bit level decoding processing through the bit level processor, the decoding module is specifically used for at least one of the following situations:

performing de-interleaving processing through a bit-level interleaver;

performing descrambling processing through a bit-level scrambler;

and performing despreading processing through a bit-level spreader.

29. The base station of claim 28, wherein the decoding module, when decoding the signal according to a bit-level processor and/or a symbol-level processor corresponding to each ue to obtain data corresponding to each ue, is specifically configured to:

30. The base station of claim 28, wherein the decoding module, when decoding the signal according to the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor corresponding to each ue, is specifically configured to either:

31. The base station of claim 30, wherein the base station further comprises:

the decoding module is further configured to perform, when the signal is a signal obtained by performing, by the base station, bit-level processing on data to be transmitted by each user equipment according to different bit-level processors and performing, by the symbol-level processor, symbol-level processing on the data decoded by the symbol-level processor, and perform bit-level decoding processing on the data decoded by the symbol-level processor according to the different bit-level processors;

the decoding module is further configured to perform symbol level decoding processing on the data decoded by the bit level processor according to different symbol level processors when the signal is a signal received by the base station and obtained by performing symbol level processing on the data processed by the bit level processor according to different symbol level processors;

the decoding module is further configured to, when the signal is a signal obtained by performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing on data to be transmitted, which is received by the base station from each user equipment, according to combinations of different bit-level processors and different symbol-level processors, perform symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on the signal according to combinations of different bit-level processors and different symbol-level processors.

32. The base station of claim 31, wherein the combination of bit-level and symbol-level processors that are different from each other comprises any combination of:

33. The base station of claim 32, wherein the base station performs symbol level decoding and bit level decoding on the signal according to different combinations of bit level processors and symbol level processors corresponding to the respective ues, respectively, to obtain different data.

34. The base station of claim 28,

wherein the single carrier modulation processing mode at least comprises: discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) -spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation mode;

35. The base station of claim 28,

the receiving module is further configured to receive a signal from the same ue, where the signal is obtained after bit-level processing and symbol-level processing are performed on a plurality of data streams of the same ue respectively;

the decoding module is further configured to decode the signal according to the bit-level processor and the symbol-level processor corresponding to each data stream to obtain multiple data streams from the same user equipment.

36. The base station of claim 35,

the decoding module is further configured to, when the signal received by the base station is obtained by performing bit level processing on multiple data streams of the same user equipment by using different bit level processors and performing symbol level processing on the multiple data streams, perform bit level decoding processing on the data after the symbol level decoding processing according to the different bit level processors;

the decoding module is further configured to perform symbol level decoding processing on the received signal according to different symbol level processors when the signal received by the base station is obtained after bit level processing of multiple data streams of the same user equipment is performed by symbol level processing using different symbol level processors;

the decoding module is further configured to, when the signal received by the base station is obtained after bit-level processing and symbol-level processing are performed on a plurality of data streams of the same user equipment by using combinations of different bit-level processors and different symbol-level processors, perform symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on the received signal according to the combinations of the different bit-level processors and the different symbol-level processors.

37. The base station of claim 35, wherein the signal received by the base station is obtained by performing bit-level processing and symbol-level processing, and then performing phase and power adjustment on multiple data streams of the same ue.

38. The base station of claim 35,

the decoding module is further configured to perform symbol level decoding processing on signals of multiple data streams from the same user equipment according to different symbol level processors when the base station performs bit level decoding processing on data after symbol level decoding processing from multiple user equipment according to different bit level processors;

the decoding module is further configured to, when the base station performs symbol-level decoding processing on signals from multiple user equipments according to different symbol-level processors, perform bit-level decoding processing on data, which is subjected to the symbol-level decoding processing, of multiple data streams from the same user equipment according to different bit-level processors;

the decoding module is further configured to perform symbol-level decoding processing and bit-level decoding processing on signals of multiple data streams from different user equipments according to combinations of mutually different bit-level processors and symbol-level processors.

39. A user equipment, characterized in that it comprises:

one or more processors;

a memory;

one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs configured to: carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

40. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

41. A base station, comprising:

one or more processors;

a memory;

one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs configured to: performing the method according to any one of claims 9 to 19.

42. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method of any one of claims 9 to 19.