CN108737088A - A kind of free space laser communication system based on quantum cryptography - Google Patents
A kind of free space laser communication system based on quantum cryptography Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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Abstract
A kind of free space laser communication system based on quantum cryptography, including receiving module, data decryption module, the receiving module capture laser signal and communication request signal, via broadband amplification and pulse-code modulation, laser signal is amplified and is handled, is quantified, digital signal is converted to after coding.After computer module handles data, according to communication request, record communication node information is simultaneously freely organized into communication network, transfer data to data encryption module, quantum key is obtained by quantum key terminal, by data encryption module to data encryption, encrypted data are sent to communication counterpart by transmitting module.Recipient's communication node obtains quantum key and by data decryption module by the data deciphering of reception by quantum key terminal, and the data after decryption are sent to computer module processing.The present invention does not need fixed communication node or is laid with cable/optical cable, can transmit simultaneously cut-through object and bad weather region at a distance.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of freely empty based on quantum cryptography the invention belongs to laser communication field and field of data encryption
Between laser communication system.
Background technology
Although modern society has been information-intensive society, various types of communication technological means emerges one after another, and mainly has fiber optic communication, number
Microwave communication, satellite communication, mobile communication etc..Fiber optic communication is to make carrier wave using light wave, will letter using optical fiber as transmission medium
Breath reaches the communication mode at another place from one, is referred to as " wired " optic communication.Technology of Free-space Laser Communication, that is, unglazed
Fine free optical communication technique, is a kind of emerging technology occurred in recent years, and principle is the used air of carrier wave optical signal as biography
Defeated channel completes point-to-point or the transmission of point-to-multipoint information.Satellite communication is (including in ground and lower atmosphere layer) on the earth
The communication then carried out in being used satellite as between radio communication station.Microwave communication is that microwave is directly used to be carried out as medium
Communication, do not need solid dielectric, microwave transmission can be used when accessible in point-to-point transmission air line distance.Mobile communication is
Communicating pair has a side or two sides to be in the communication in movement.
With the rapid development of Internet technology, requirement of the people to the communication technology and encryption technology is more and more harsher,
The shortcomings that said program, is fairly obvious：First, with development in science and technology, the data of the resources such as all kinds of picture videos are increasing, people
The exchange capacity of data is also constantly being promoted, the requirement to communication technology capacity is higher and higher, satellite communication, microwave communication and
The bandwidth of mobile communication will much be less than using light as the fiber optic communication of medium and laser communication.Secondly, for being much not easy charity
The place of cable or optical fiber, the distribution of communication base station equipment directly influence satellite communication, mobile communication quality, and it is existing
Most of communication base station difficulty of construction is high, and consuming is larger, also directly influences construction and the coverage rate of communication base station.Again, light
Although fiber communication message capacity is big, often require that communicating pair node is fixed, it is but much low in flexibility and mobility
It, can not be applied to communication etc. can not between communication, intersatellite communication, vacant lot between naval vessels in mobile communication, satellite communication, laser communication
The occasion of charity cable.Finally and most important, the safety and reliability of information transmission receives choosing for getting worse
War, allows the conventional cryptographies such as RSA and DES/manner of decryption to face and disintegrate by the calculation of new generation of representative of quantum calculation,
It is difficult to resist the attack of superpower computing capability.
With the high speed development of social economy, information has become the strategic resource of Chinese society economic development at present,
It is also the basic element for promoting human progress simultaneously.Free space laser communication equipment is with no electromagnetic interference, the motor-driven spirit of networking
Living, convenient for installation and maintenance, the advantages such as communication reliability is high, good confidentiality, and the ratio of performance to price is excellent can transmit the number of a variety of rates
According to, speech, image, have broad application prospects.The development of quantum calculation technology itself is also to improve communication system security
A kind of thinking is provided, still, still lacks the communication skill that a kind of traffic is big, safe, mobility is good currently on the market
Art, especially a kind of free space laser communication system based on quantum cryptography.
Invention content
In order to overcome the defect of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a kind of free space laser based on quantum cryptography
Communication system, by existing laser communication technology, incorporating quantum encryption technology provides more highly effective and safe for the communications field
It ensures.
The technical solution that the present invention takes is：
A kind of free space laser communication system based on quantum cryptography, including：Receiving module, data decryption module, meter
Calculation machine module, quantum key terminal, data encryption module, transmitting module, aiming mechanism；It is movable or fixed logical for two
Two-way communication is carried out between letter node, and can realize quantum cryptography and the quantum decryption of signal of communication；Multiple communication nodes can
It communicates and is freely composed communication network；
The receiving module is laser perception device, and laser signal and communication for capturing launch party's communication node are asked
Signal is sought, the laser signal of acquired carrying target information is screened by photodetector, and signal amplification is carried out by amplifier
Reason, is demodulated by pulse-code modulation demodulator, converts analog signals into digital signal；
The data decryption module is connected with receiving module and quantum key terminal, and data decryption module is close from quantum
The corresponding quantum key that key terminal obtains, and be decrypted to receiving the encrypted digital signal that module transfer comes, it will
Ciphertext is reduced into original text；
The computer module, is connected with data decryption module and data encryption module, for responding laser communication request,
The flexible networking and topological optimization of communication node are completed, and handles the decrypted data acquired in the data decryption module, with
And it completes the data encryption of transmitting data and communicates to prepare using data encryption module；
The quantum key terminal, is connected with data decryption module and data encryption module, can carry out quantum entanglement behaviour
Make, with counterparting communications node throughput sub-channel communication, the quantum key with acquisition for encrypting and decrypting, to complete to receive number
According to decryption or emit data encryption；
The data encryption module is connected with quantum key terminal and computer module, data encryption is used for, when needing to send out
When penetrating data, the data that need to emit are received from computer module, using the quantum key acquired in quantum key terminal, to from meter
The communication data that calculation machine module obtains carries out quantum cryptography, converts plaintext into ciphertext；
The transmitting module, is connected with data encryption module, for emitting the data for needing to emit by laser mode
Recipient's communication node is given, digital signal after quantum cryptography is carried out the necessary signal of demodulation by pulse-code demodulator amplifies,
Analog signal is converted to, simulated laser signal is transmitted to recipient by laser；Multiple and different wavelength can be generated simultaneously
Laser signal, to realize wavelength-division multiplex or dense wave division multipurpose；
The system further includes aiming mechanism, while controlling the azimuth of transmitting module and receiving module, is used for communicating pair
The alignment of laser pick-off module and transmitting module responds communication request through computer module, determines the coordinate of communicating pair target
And orientation, aiming mechanism is according to the coordinate and azimuth information of communicating pair, the accurate laser launch angle for adjusting transmitting module
With the angle of receiving module.
The computer module can respond and record communication node information, and establish the routing table of this communication；More
Topology connection and the routing that network is calculated when node communicates form self-organizing network, and the communication node being freely added are added
Routing table, and the communication node being free to exit is deleted from routing table；It is calculated by the route selection algorithm of computer best
Path finds out the sending node or gateway address of next stage, automatically updates routing iinformation and communication node information；It can be in complexity
Landform or obstacle environment in or the complicated meteorological condition such as Miyun, sleet under, optimize network topology structure, realize laser
The curve transmission of communication and breakpoint transmission, so as to signal of communication cut-through object, complex region or bad weather region；Work as network
In communication node by attack or failure when, other communication nodes can be selected to complete communication data by calculating and being resumed.
The receiving module is installed on communication node surface, for mutually converting digital signal with analog signal；It receives
Module includes optical receiver antenna, optical filter, optical detector；Optical receiver antenna includes lens or speculum, to receiving
To optical signal be focused, be then sent through optical detector；Optical detector is amplified laser signal and reverts to electric signal, is sent to
Electric receiver module is demodulated to prime information.
The aiming mechanism, transmitting module and receiving module for being directed at communicating pair, aiming mechanism is by four parts
Composition, i.e.,：Optical antenna servo platform, error detection processor, beacon signal generator and beacon light source, and control calculate
Machine；
Optical antenna servo platform is for making the mechanical displacement of output or corner be accurately tracked by input ground displacement or corner；
Beacon signal generator and beacon light source are for generating beacon signal, by double conversion output intermediate-freuqncy signal supply
It is used in optical antenna servo platform and control computer；
Error detection processor can calculate the orientation and bootstrap information of laser aiming, obtain collimating fault；
Control computer can be calculated according to the calculated collimating fault of error detection processor and generate control logic signal
Drive motor drives transmitting module and receiving module rotation, optical antenna servo platform to be determined according to the size of this driving voltage
Antenna rotation direction ensures that laser antenna is accurately directed to communication counterpart.
A kind of free space laser communication method based on quantum cryptography, including：Receiving module, data decryption module, meter
Calculation machine module, quantum key terminal, data encryption module, transmitting module；Communicating pair is directed at the hair of both sides by aiming mechanism
Module and receiving module are penetrated, receiving module captures laser signal, via broadband amplification and pulse-code modulation, simultaneously by laser signal amplification
Handled, quantified, encode after be converted to digital signal；It is used acquired in quantum key terminal by data decryption module again
Quantum key is sent to computer module by decrypted signal, and by the data after decryption；It, need to after computer module handles data
The data transmission to be sent obtains quantum key to data encryption module, by quantum key terminal, by data encryption, and by swashing
Optical channel is sent to recipient.
A kind of free space laser communication method based on quantum cryptography, includes the following steps：
The first step：Networking:Communication network is formed by aiming mechanism, computer module determines that the communication of both sides' node is asked
It asks, forms the communication network of more communication nodes as needed, and carry out network topology structure optimization；
Second step：Quantum key initializes.Communicating pair application laser communication, both sides choose 8 pairs from rainbow centering is tangled
Entangled photons, these entangled photon pairs can be expressed as quantum stateIts wavelength is respectively (b1,g1),
(b2,g2),...,(b8,g8)；
Further, quantum key terminal distributes different entangled photons according to each communication request；
At this point, the request of oneself acquisition communicating pair of quantum key terminal, both sides analyze this communication request, light is tangled in formulation
Sub- allocation plan；
Third walks：Negotiate quantum key.Entangled photons distribution information is published to by quantum key terminal by classical channel
Then communicating pair uses quantum channel to send entangled photons information as quantum key；
Further, both sides measure and assess to quantum sequence, when error is less than a scheduled threshold value, it is believed that
Quantum communications are safe, receive the business of this laser communication, and will；If error is more than scheduled threshold value, then it is assumed that amount
Son communication is invalid, cancels this quantum communications；
4th step, information encryption and transmission.After confirming this quantum communications safety, then it is intended to transmit using corresponding key pair
Data encryption, and by encrypted ciphertext as this quantum communications business datum.
Preferably, by wavelength-division multiplex, dense wave division multipurpose and time division multiplexing decoding technique, each communication node is according to tangling
Photon distributes information and completes QKD, carries out the multiband information transmission of same channel, improves communications capacity.
5th step：Data deciphering.Communicating pair is according to distribution information placement laser communication decoding sequence, then according to quantum
Encrypted ciphertext is decoded into plain text by decryption program.
Specific laser communication pattern can be combined using multiple communication nodes, formed more complicated quantum cryptography and swashed
Optical communication mode, including relaying amplification mode, loop network, star network etc. realize that more remote quantum cryptography laser is logical
Believe the laser communication network with flexible space structure, quantum key terminal can distribute according to different situations and tangle light at this time
Son.Complete entangled photons distribution, computer module is corresponding with that will distribute information by classical channel and be published to present networks
Laser communication node, then forwards encryption information by next node.
In the quantum communication network of multiple nodes composition, specific networking plan is as follows：
Several sides of laser communication are expressed as A, B ..., G etc., and server table is shown as S (if being provided with), each communication section
Point can be fixed, can also be mobile, each communication node can be in the communications constantly in network, can also at any time from
Communication network is opened, basic laser communication pattern has following several：
Pattern 1：Point-to-point laser communication pattern, such as：Each communication node can be logical
It is freely added or leaves at any time communication network during letter
Pattern 2：It puts to server laser communication pattern, such as：
Communication node S as server exists
It is generally constantly in network, but can be fixed in communication process, can also be mobile；
Pattern 3：Multiple spot to dot laser communication pattern, such as:
Communication node A is one in communication process
As be constantly in network, but can be fixed, can also be mobile；
In the quantum communication network of multiple nodes composition, in second step：Quantum key initializes, corresponding to tangle light
Sub- distribution condition is as follows：
Pattern 1：(g1→A,b1→B),(g2→C,b2→D),(g3→E,b3→F),(g4→G,b4→H)；
Pattern 2：(g1→A,b1→S),(g2→B,b2→S),(g3→C,b3→S),(g4→D,b4→ S),
(g5→E,b5→S),(g6→F,b6→S),(g7→G,b7→S),(g8→H,b8→S)；
Pattern 3：(g1→A,b1→B),(b3→A,g3→C),(b4→A,g4→D),(b5→A,g5→ E),
(b6→A,g6→F),(b7→A,g7→G),(b8→A,g8→H),(g2→A,b2→S)。
A kind of free space laser communication system based on quantum cryptography of the present invention, has the beneficial effect that：
1, message capacity is big：The present invention carries data by generating the different laser of multiple wavelength, by wavelength-division multiplex, close
Collect wavelength-division multiplex and time division multiplexing decoding technique, multi-wave band laser information transmission is carried out in same laser channel, improves communication
Transmission capacity.The up to data bit rate of l0Gb/s can be easily transmitted, even higher, theoretically traffic rate is based on nothing than existing
The communication mode (satellite communication, microwave communication and mobile communication etc.) of line electric wave improves 100 times to 1000 times.
2, using flexible：It is suitble to use under complicated landform environment, obstacle environment and IFR conditions.It is different from
The fiber optic communication of large capacity, free space laser communication belong to wireless communication, do not need the construction of line or optical fiber, as long as to needing
Communication can be completed in two corresponding communication equipments of node installation of communication function.And compared with microwave antenna, free space
The device structure of laser communication is simpler.The diameter of microwave antenna up to tens meters, weigh tens tons of even tons up to a hundred, and laser
Communication needed for transmitting antenna and reception antenna can all be made small, diameter only have tens centimetres, weight be only several kilograms.This hair
It is bright can self-organizing network, form the laser communication network of farther distance and flexible space structure, get around complicated landform, obstacle
Substance environment or the IFR conditions such as complex region and Miyun, sleet, realize the curve transmission of laser communication, therefore, this hair
Big data quantity communicates between realizing mobile communications nodes under the bright complex environment that can be directly used for being difficult to be laid with cable or optical fiber, example
Communication, battlefield surroundings communication between communication, ship naval vessels such as between intersatellite communication, vacant lot.
3, anti-attack ability is strong, and anti-electromagnetic interference capability is extremely strong：The very high frequency of laser, laser photon neutral are general
The method of energization magnetic disturbance can not destroy it；Meanwhile laser will not interfere other electronic equipments.Work as network
In communication node by attack or failure when, other communication nodes can be selected to complete communication data by calculating and being resumed.Cause
This, is much better than satellite communication, microwave communication and movement based on communication of electromagnetic signals on jamming performance and interference free performance
Communication.
4, transmission security is more reliable：The directionality of laser transmission is very good, angle of divergence very little, is milliradian magnitude,
So laser communication is substantially point-to-point communication, communication counterpart, which is only aligned within the scope of hot spot, can just receive signal, because
And it is difficult to be trapped and destroy.Quantum entanglement channel concealment is high, utilizes the quantum state coding information in single photon level, communication
Both sides can share different random keys every time, and using quantum, single photon is indivisible in physical principle, and quantum state can not
Clone, cannot be measured under the premise of not influencing quantum state, etc. so that quantum cryptography has absolute safety, using amount
The cipher mode of sub- one-time pad is by theoretical proof unconditional security, even if quantum communications are ravesdropping, communicating pair is being examined
It can also be found in time in survey, improve the safety of communication.And laser photon is also particularly suitable for making the photon of Entangled State.
5, with long-range investment value：With technology no matter improve and new device constantly improve and new device not
Disconnected to occur, technology of Free-space Laser Communication has become a big hot topic technology of current information technology, and effect and status can
And fiber optic communication, microwave communication are mentioned in the same breath, and are to construct a kind of essential technology of future world range communication net.In military affairs
Field and civil field will all fully develop talents.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system structure diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the quantum encryption communication flow chart of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of free space laser communication system based on quantum cryptography, including receiving module 101, data
Deciphering module 102, computer module 103, quantum key terminal 104, data encryption module 105, transmitting module 106, sighting device
System 107.
The receiving module 101 is installed on communication terminal surface, it is preferable that be easy to receive the broad table of laser signal
Face, for mutually converting digital signal with analog signal.Receiving module mainly include optical receiver antenna, optical filter,
Optical detector.Optical receiver antenna includes mainly lens or speculum, is focused to the optical signal received, and light spy is then sent through
Survey device.Optical detector is amplified laser signal and reverts to electric signal, is sent to electric receiver module and is demodulated to prime information.
Preferably, it is superconducting single-photon detector using single-photon detector, when counting less than 10Hz, quantum efficiency
There are about 0.7%.Under 200 km transmissions distance, fading channel 42dB, the bit error rate 4.0% obtains under pervasive independent attack
The safe code check of 12bps.Preferably, pulse signal is sampled using FPGA, and signal is demodulated by 2FSK.
Preferably, using multiple single-photon detectors of different wave length, realize that the wavelength-division multiplex of multi-wavelength, close wavelength-division multiplex technology are complete
At laser communication, message capacity is improved.
Further, modulation /demodulation can mainly have for realizing the conversion between signal with modulation system：Frequency modulation, phase modulation,
Amplitude modulation etc., it is preferable that use frequency modulation to change the mechanism as signal ground, signal frequency is adjusted according to signal magnitude.Into one
Step ground, is modulated using 2FSK, better anti-noise ability is capable of providing than other modes；Preferably, carrier signal selects square wave, side
Weave efficiency is higher than other weave efficiencies, also easy to implement in FPGA.
What is had the amplification electricity of resonant tank by the receiving module 101 using staggered tuning formula wideband amplification circuit
Road concatenates, and keeps every grade of tuning centre frequency slightly irregular, can extending bandwidth.Preferably, select with photomultiplier and
Photo resistance is the photodetector of component.In terms of sensitivity, photomultiplier better performances.In terms of spectral response,
Photomultiplier responds partially ultraviolet direction, and photo resistance responds partially infrared direction, and the two binding performance is preferable.Preferably, make
With more than two receiving modules 101 and reception antenna, the reception and transmitting of multiple beam can be completed, expands message capacity, simultaneously
Also hardware redundancy is formed, improves communication reliability, or even laser relaying can be carried out, extends communication distance.
The data decryption module 102 is connected with receiving module 101 and quantum key terminal 104, can be close from quantum
The corresponding quantum key that key terminal 104 obtains, and place is decrypted to the encrypted digital signal that receiving module 101 transmits
Reason, original text is reduced by ciphertext.
The computer module 103 is connected with data decryption module 102, for respond laser communication request, and handle from
Decrypted data acquired in data decryption module 102, and the communication preparation of transmitting data is completed, it can respond and record
Communication node information, and establish the routing table of this communication；Topology connection and the routing of network, shape are calculated when multinode communicates
Routing table is added at self-organizing network, and by the communication node being freely added, and by the communication node being free to exit from routing table
Middle deletion；Further, Topology connection and the routing of network can be calculated when multinode communicates, and form self-organizing network；Into
One step, optimal path can be calculated by the route selection algorithm of computer, with finding out sending node or the gateway of next stage
Location, the automatic transmission address for changing data.It further, can be in complicated landform or obstacle environment or Miyun, sleet
Under meteorological condition Deng complexity, optimize network topology structure, realize the curve transmission of laser communication, so that signal of communication is around barrier
Hinder object or bad weather region.
Further, usage time synchronizes between communicating pair computer, and time synchronization module is used to send synchronizing information,
And communication preliminary preparation, recipient and sender's state are adjusted in time, it is ensured that are communicated and orderly carried out.
The quantum key terminal 104 can be that communicating pair prepares quantum key, it is preferable that built using rainbow is tangled
Vertical quantum communication network, this is a kind of entangled photons agreement based on multi-wavelength.
Further, the quantum key terminal 104 passes through differential phase quantum-key distribution using phase-modulator
Protocol realization high speed quantum-key distribution.Phase-modulator randomly modulates the phase information of each pulse, and control laser will
Information coding is in the phase of two neighboring pulse, two neighboring arteries and veins when recipient is by Mach-Zehnder delayed interference rings
Punching interference, the phase information of coding is got from result of interference.The length of recipient's Mach-Zehnder delayed interference ring two-arm
Difference is equal to the optical path difference of the plasmas channel of two neighboring pulse, if the phase difference of two adjacent pulses is " 0 ", phase-modulator
By bit information reset, if two adjacent pulse phase differences are π, phase-modulator is by bit information set, bit " 0 "
Indicate that phase is 0, bit " 1 " indicates that phase difference is π.The efficiency of differential phase agreement is close to 1, differential phase quantum key point
The safety matched is for photon-number-splitting attack, and pervasive independent attack, sequence attack and the attack of zero error code collective are to be proved to be peace
Complete.Therefore this system uses differential phase agreement.
Further, the quantum key terminal 104, using beam splitter, transmitting put and the polarization interference ring of recipient all
With a beam splitter, do so that its object is to eliminate the sideband peak in common unequal arm Mach-Zehnder interference rings：
When common unequal arm Mach-Zehnder interference rings carry out quantum-key distribution, there are three pulse peak is defeated in a clock cycle
Entering to single-photon detector, intermediate interference peaks are only the useful pulse for carrying information, and in unequal arm Mach-Zehnder
Only there are one pulse peaks in one clock cycle of interference ring, therefore are suitable for doing the quantum key point of high speed low bit error in this way
Match.
The encrypting module 105, using the quantum key acquired in quantum key terminal 104, to from computer module 103
The communication data of acquisition carries out quantum cryptography, converts plaintext into ciphertext.
The transmitting module 106, the required emitted block transforms of the communication information emitted of computer module 103 are at corresponding
Electric signal believes brewed light in modulators modulate to the light carrier generated by laser, then by optical transmitting antenna
Number it is emitted to airspace.The laser signal launched is transmitted through atmospheric channel, reaches communication receiver.
Further, the most crucial component of transmitting module 106 is laser, for emitting light pulse, generates continuous light, excellent
Selection of land is modulated to a height of 15ps of half-breadth through intensity modulator, and repetition rate is the pulse train of 10GHz.Further, different waves
Long laser has different decaying in an atmosphere.Preferably, the use of wavelength is 0.4~0.7 μm and wavelength be 0.9,1.06,
For 2.3,3.8,10.6 μm of laser as emission source, decaying is smaller, and medium wavelength is that 0.6 μm of laser haze-penetrating capability is stronger.
Preferably, while using multiple laser emitting sources of different wave length, the laser signal of multiple and different wavelength can be generated simultaneously, it is real
The wavelength-division multiplex of existing multi-wavelength, dense wave division multipurpose laser communication, improve message capacity.
Further, using high frequency power amplifier, the ac signal that the current signal of direct current is converted to high frequency is defeated
Go out.Preferably, amplifier can be classified as A, B, C three classes working conditions according to the difference at current lead-through angle.Class-a amplifier
The angle of flow of electric current is 360 °, is suitable for small signal low-power and amplifies；The angle of flow of class-b amplifier electric current is about 180 °；C classes are put
The angle of flow of big device electric current is less than 180 °.By amplifier, electric signal is amplified, is transmitted to laser component, is conducive to
Signal ground switching emission avoids the fuzzy distortion of signal ground.Preferably, digital laser is selected.Wherein modulator is for example same can
Reflective liquid crystal micro video, only need to input specific image to display screen by computer can obtain required zlasing mode.
Digital laser can create substantially any zlasing mode.Different laser beams is selected under different communication environments, it is big to adapt to
Section communication environment.
The aiming mechanism 107, the transmitting module 106 for being directed at communicating pair and receiving module 101, mainly by four
Part forms, i.e. optical antenna servo platform, error detection processor, beacon signal generator and beacon light source, and control meter
Calculation machine.Optical antenna servo platform for make the mechanical displacement (or corner) of output be accurately tracked by input ground displacement (or turn
Angle).Beacon signal generator and beacon light source are for generating beacon signal, by double conversion output intermediate-freuqncy signal supply in light
It learns antenna servo platform and control computer uses.Error detection processor can calculate the orientation and beacon number of laser aiming
According to obtaining collimating fault.Control computer can be calculated according to the calculated collimating fault of error detection processor and generate control
Logical signal drive motor, optical antenna servo platform determine antenna rotation direction according to the size of this driving voltage, ensure
Laser antenna is accurately directed to communication counterpart.
As shown in Fig. 2, being a kind of free space laser communication system based on quantum cryptography that present example provides
Quantum encryption communication flow chart.
The first step：Networking.This system forms communication network by aiming mechanism, and computer module 103 determines both sides' node
Communication request further form the communication network of more communication nodes as needed, and carry out network topology structure optimization；
Second step：Quantum key initializes.Communicating pair application laser communication, both sides choose 8 pairs from rainbow centering is tangled
Entangled photons, these entangled photon pairs can be expressed as quantum stateIts wavelength is respectively (b1,g1),
(b2,g2),...,(b8,g8)；
Further, quantum key terminal distributes different entangled photons according to each communication request；
At this point, the request of oneself acquisition communicating pair of quantum key terminal, both sides analyze this communication request, light is tangled in formulation
Sub- allocation plan；
Third walks：Negotiate quantum key.Entangled photons distribution information is published to by quantum key terminal by classical channel
Then communicating pair uses quantum channel to send entangled photons information as quantum key；
Further, both sides measure and assess to quantum sequence, when error is less than a scheduled threshold value, it is believed that
Quantum communications are safe, receive the business of this laser communication, and will；If error is more than scheduled threshold value, then it is assumed that amount
Son communication is invalid, cancels this quantum communications；
4th step, information encryption and transmission.After confirming this quantum communications safety, then it is intended to transmit using corresponding key pair
Data encryption, and by encrypted ciphertext as this quantum communications business datum.
Preferably, by wavelength-division multiplex, dense wave division multipurpose and time division multiplexing decoding technique, each communication node is according to tangling
Photon distributes information and completes QKD, carries out the multiband information transmission of same channel, improves communications capacity.
5th step：Data deciphering.Communicating pair is according to distribution information placement laser communication decoding sequence, then according to quantum
Encrypted ciphertext is decoded into plain text by decryption program.
Embodiment of above is only applicable to illustrate the disclosure, and not to disclosed limitation, in relation to the common of technical field
Technical staff can also make a variety of changes and modification in the case where not departing from the precision and range of the disclosure, therefore all
Equivalent technical solution also belongs to the scope of the disclosure, and the patent protection scope of the disclosure should be limited from claim.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of free space laser communication system based on quantum cryptography, it is characterised in that including：Receiving module (101), number
According to deciphering module (102), computer module (103), quantum key terminal (104), data encryption module (105), transmitting module
(106), aiming mechanism (107)；For carrying out two-way communication between two movable or fixed communication nodes, and can realize logical
Believe quantum cryptography and the quantum decryption of signal；Multiple communication nodes can communicate and be freely composed communication network；
The receiving module (101) is laser perception device, and laser signal and communication for capturing launch party's communication node are asked
Signal is sought, the laser signal of acquired carrying target information is screened by photodetector, and signal amplification is carried out by amplifier
Reason, is demodulated by pulse-code modulation demodulator, converts analog signals into digital signal；
The data decryption module (102), is connected with receiving module (101) and quantum key terminal (104), data deciphering mould
The corresponding quantum key that block (102) is obtained from quantum key terminal (104), and to encryption that receiving module (101) transmits
Digital signal be decrypted, ciphertext is reduced into original text；
The computer module (103), is connected with data decryption module (102) and data encryption module (105), sharp for responding
Optic communication is asked, and completes the flexible networking and topological optimization of communication node, and is handled acquired in the data decryption module (102)
Decrypted data, and complete the data encryption of transmitting data and communicate to prepare using data encryption module (105)；
The quantum key terminal (104), is connected with data decryption module (102) and data encryption module (105), can carry out
Quantum entanglement operates, with counterparting communications node throughput sub-channel communication, the quantum key with acquisition for encrypting and decrypting, so as to
Complete the decryption for receiving data or the encryption for emitting data；
The data encryption module (105), is connected with quantum key terminal (104) and computer module (103), for data plus
It is close, when needing to emit data, the data that need to emit are received from computer module (103), using quantum key terminal (104) institute
The quantum key of acquisition carries out quantum cryptography to the communication data obtained from computer module (103), converts plaintext into close
Text；
The transmitting module (106), is connected with data encryption module (105), for the data emitted will to be needed to pass through laser side
Formula is transmitted to recipient's communication node, and digital signal after quantum cryptography is carried out the necessary signal of demodulation by pulse-code demodulator
Amplification, is converted to analog signal, simulated laser signal is transmitted to recipient by laser；Multiple and different waves can be generated simultaneously
Long laser signal, to realize wavelength-division multiplex or dense wave division multipurpose；
The system further includes aiming mechanism (107), while controlling the azimuth of transmitting module (106) and receiving module (101), is used
In the alignment of communicating pair laser pick-off module (101) and transmitting module (106), asked through computer module (103) response communication
It asks, determines the coordinate and orientation of communicating pair target, aiming mechanism (107) is according to the coordinate and azimuth information of communicating pair, essence
The really angle of the laser launch angle and receiving module (101) of adjustment transmitting module (106).
2. a kind of free space laser communication system based on quantum cryptography according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Computer module (103), can respond and record communication node information, and establish the routing table of this communication；It is logical in multinode
Topology connection and the routing that network is calculated when letter form self-organizing network, and routing table are added in the communication node being freely added,
And the communication node being free to exit is deleted from routing table；Optimal path is calculated by the route selection algorithm of computer, is looked for
The sending node or gateway address for going out next stage, automatically update routing iinformation and communication node information；It can be in complicated landform
Or in obstacle environment or under meteorological condition that Miyun, sleet etc. are complicated, optimizes network topology structure, realize laser communication
Curve transmission and breakpoint transmission, so as to signal of communication cut-through object, complex region or bad weather region；When logical in network
When believing node by attack or failure, other communication nodes can be selected to complete resuming for communication data by calculating.
3. a kind of free space laser communication system based on quantum cryptography according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Receiving module (101), is installed on communication node surface, for mutually converting digital signal with analog signal；Receiving module
(101) include optical receiver antenna, optical filter, optical detector；Optical receiver antenna includes lens or speculum, to receiving
To optical signal be focused, be then sent through optical detector；Optical detector is amplified laser signal and reverts to electric signal, is sent to
Electric receiver module is demodulated to prime information.
4. a kind of free space laser communication system based on quantum cryptography according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Aiming mechanism (107), the transmitting module (106) for being directed at communicating pair and receiving module (101), aiming mechanism (107) by
Four parts form, i.e.,：Optical antenna servo platform, error detection processor, beacon signal generator and beacon light source, and control
Computer processed；
Optical antenna servo platform is for making the mechanical displacement of output or corner be accurately tracked by input ground displacement or corner；
Beacon signal generator and beacon light source are for generating beacon signal, by double conversion output intermediate-freuqncy signal supply in light
It learns antenna servo platform and control computer uses；
Error detection processor can calculate the orientation and bootstrap information of laser aiming, obtain collimating fault；
Control computer can be calculated according to the calculated collimating fault of error detection processor and generate the driving of control logic signal
Motor drives transmitting module (106) and receiving module (101) to rotate, and optical antenna servo platform is according to the size of this driving voltage
It determines antenna rotation direction, ensures that laser antenna is accurately directed to communication counterpart.
5. a kind of free space laser communication method based on quantum cryptography, it is characterised in that including：Receiving module (101), number
According to deciphering module (102), computer module (103), quantum key terminal (104), data encryption module (105), transmitting module
(106)；
Communicating pair is directed at the transmitting module (106) and receiving module (101) of both sides, receiving module by aiming mechanism (107)
(101) laser signal is captured, via broadband amplification and pulse-code modulation, after laser signal is amplified and is handled, is quantified, encoding
Be converted to digital signal；It again will using the quantum key acquired in quantum key terminal (104) by data decryption module (102)
Decrypted signal, and the data after decryption are sent to computer module (103)；It, need to after computer module (103) handles data
The data transmission to be sent obtains quantum key to data encryption module (105), by quantum key terminal (104), by data plus
It is close, and recipient is sent to by laser channel.
6. a kind of free space laser communication method based on quantum cryptography, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
The first step：Networking:Communication network is formed by aiming mechanism (107), computer module (103) determines the logical of both sides' node
Letter request, forms the communication network of more communication nodes, and carry out network topology structure optimization as needed；
Second step：Quantum key initializes；Communicating pair application laser communication, both sides tangle from 8 pairs of rainbow centering selection is tangled
Photon, these entangled photon pairs can be expressed as quantum stateIts wavelength is respectively (b1,g1),(b2,
g2),...,(b8,g8)；
Further, quantum key terminal (104) distributes different entangled photons according to each communication request；
At this point, the request of oneself acquisition communicating pair of quantum key terminal (104), both sides analyze this communication request, formulation is tangled
Photon allocation plan；
Third walks：Negotiate quantum key；Entangled photons distribution information is published to by quantum key terminal (104) by classical channel
Then communicating pair uses quantum channel to send entangled photons information as quantum key；
Further, both sides measure and assess to quantum sequence, when error is less than a scheduled threshold value, it is believed that quantum
Communication is safe, receives the business of this laser communication, and will；If error is more than scheduled threshold value, then it is assumed that quantum is logical
Letter is invalid, cancels this quantum communications；
4th step, information encryption and transmission；After confirming this quantum communications safety, then the number to be transmitted using corresponding key pair
According to encryption, and by encrypted ciphertext as this quantum communications business datum；
Preferably, by wavelength-division multiplex, dense wave division multipurpose and time division multiplexing decoding technique, each communication node is according to entangled photons
It distributes information and completes QKD, carry out the multiband information transmission of same channel, improve communications capacity；
5th step：Data deciphering；Then communicating pair is decrypted according to distribution information placement laser communication decoding sequence according to quantum
Encrypted ciphertext is decoded into plain text by program.
7. a kind of free space laser communication method based on quantum cryptography according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Specifically
Laser communication pattern can be combined using multiple communication nodes, form more complicated quantum cryptography laser communication mode,
Including relaying amplification mode, loop network, star network etc., more remote quantum cryptography laser communication and flexible space are realized
The laser communication network of structure, quantum key terminal (104) can be according to different situations distribution entangled photons at this time；It completes
Entangled photons distribute, and computer module (103) is published to the corresponding laser of present networks with that will distribute information by classical channel
Then communication node forwards encryption information by next node；
In the quantum communication network of multiple nodes composition, specific networking plan is as follows：
Several sides of laser communication are expressed as A, B ..., G etc., and server table is shown as S (if being provided with), and each communication node can
Can also be mobile with fixed, each communication node can be constantly in network in the communications, can also be left at any time logical
Communication network, basic laser communication pattern have following several：
Pattern 1：Point-to-point laser communication pattern, such as：Each communication node can communicate
Communication network is freely added or left at any time in journey
Pattern 2：It puts to server laser communication pattern, such as：
Communication node S as server is being communicated
It is generally constantly in network, but can be fixed in the process, can also be mobile；
Pattern 3：Multiple spot to dot laser communication pattern, such as:
Communication node A is general one in communication process
It directly in network, but can be fixed, can also be mobile.
8. a kind of free space laser communication method based on quantum cryptography according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：More
In the quantum communication network of a node composition, in second step：Quantum key initializes, and corresponding entangled photons distribution condition is such as
Under：
Pattern 1：(g1→A,b1→B),(g2→C,b2→D),(g3→E,b3→F),(g4→G,b4→H)；
Pattern 2：(g1→A,b1→S),(g2→B,b2→S),(g3→C,b3→S),(g4→D,b4→ S),
(g5→E,b5→S),(g6→F,b6→S),(g7→G,b7→S),(g8→H,b8→S)；
Pattern 3：(g1→A,b1→B),(b3→A,g3→C),(b4→A,g4→D),(b5→A,g5→ E),
(b6→A,g6→F),(b7→A,g7→G),(b8→A,g8→H),(g2→A,b2→S)。
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