CN108728929B - Nanofiber material for filtering heavy metal ions and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nanofiber material for filtering heavy metal ions and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/10—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/261—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/264—Synthetic macromolecular compounds derived from different types of monomers, e.g. linear or branched copolymers, block copolymers, graft copolymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28023—Fibres or filaments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/08—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyacrylonitrile as constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/02—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials
- B01D2239/0208—Single-component fibres
Abstract
The application relates to a nanofiber material for filtering heavy metal ions and a preparation method thereof. According to the preparation method, graphene oxide, Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are used as raw materials, the nanofiber with high specific surface area, fine fiber diameter and high stability is prepared by using a solution jet spinning technology, and the preparation method has excellent filtering and adsorbing effects on heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a nanofiber material for filtering heavy metal ions and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the industrialization process, the discharge amount of industrial wastewater is increased day by day, the industrial wastewater contains a large amount of heavy metal ions, heavy metals are difficult to degrade and treat in the natural environment, and are directly discharged into a natural water body, so that ecological damage can be caused, even some heavy metal ions have high toxicity, are gradually accumulated in animals and plants through gradual increase of a food chain, and are gradually increased in concentration, and finally cause serious harm to human health along with human ingestion, such as the heavy metals react with protein in the human body to inactivate the protein, so that heavy metal poisoning and other conditions are caused. Therefore, when the industrial wastewater is discharged, the heavy metal ions in the industrial wastewater are filtered and discharged, so that the subsequent pollution is inevitably reduced. The traditional wastewater treatment methods include a chemical method, an ion resin exchange method, an electrolysis method, an activated carbon adsorption method, a reverse osmosis method, an electrodialysis method, a biological method, an evaporation concentration method and the like, but the treatment efficiency is low, the production cost is high, and the heavy metal removal is not thorough, so that how to provide a method for efficiently removing metal pollutants becomes a problem which needs to be solved at present.
Graphene oxide GO is a derivative of graphene, is a graphene single sheet formed by stripping graphite oxide, has a special single electron layer structure, the layers are combined by strong covalent bonds, the graphene oxide structure has a large number of oxygen-containing groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, epoxy and the like, the layers are connected by various oxygen-containing functional groups through weak hydrogen bonds, and the graphene oxide is easy to peel and disperse under ultrasonic treatment to form uniform single-layer graphene oxide solution, the active functional group on the surface of the graphene oxide is beneficial to the further application of the graphene oxide, so that the graphene oxide is different from the graphene in nature, the graphene oxide GO belongs to a hydrophilic substance, the method has the characteristics of high specific surface area, strong adsorbability and the like, and has the advantages of high treatment efficiency, thorough removal and the like when the active groups on the surface are used for filtering and adsorbing heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater. Graphene oxide itself exists as powder, and is melted or dissolved with a polymer to form a spinning solution, and the spinning solution is spun and molded, which is a commonly used molding method as a fiber material.
The solution jet spinning technology is a novel method for preparing micro-nano fibers, and compared with the traditional electrostatic spinning method, the method does not need an electric field environment, does not need high-voltage equipment or any conductive collector, is simpler in equipment, can be used for spinning at a higher injection speed, is easy to operate, is low in cost, and is higher in spinning efficiency. The polymer has wider selection range, is not limited to the polymer with higher dielectric constant, and adopts the solvent which is easy to volatilize, has no toxicity and is more environment-friendly. The solution jet spinning technique is to deposit fibers on a substrate or a support surface by dissolving a polymer in a volatile solvent and treating the polymer solution with a pressurized gas flowing at a high speed to promote volatilization of the solvent and deposition refinement of the fibers. The prepared micro-nanofiber has wide commercial value, and can be applied to polymer reinforcement, medical treatment, PM2.5 filtration, electrical and optical devices and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the following technical solutions have been proposed through intensive research.
The nanofiber material for filtering heavy metal ions is prepared from graphene oxide, Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) serving as raw materials by a solution jet spinning technology, wherein the graphene oxide is preparedThe concentration is 5-8 wt%, and the weight portion is PAN: PMMA = 1-10: 10 to 1, the fiber diameter is 30 to 500nm, and the specific surface area of the fiber is 150 to 185m2/g。
Preferably, the concentration of the graphene oxide is 5-8 wt%, and the weight parts are polyacrylonitrile PAN: polymethyl methacrylate PMMA = 2-8: 8 to 2.
Preferably, the diameter of the fiber is 50-400 nm, and the specific surface area of the fiber is 160-185 m2/g。
A preparation method of a nanofiber material for filtering heavy metal ions comprises the following steps:
(1) PVP in parts by weight: PMMA = 1-10: weighing Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) according to the proportion of 10-1, carrying out vacuum drying, adding the PAN and the PMMA into an organic solvent, carrying out ultrasonic stirring at 45 ℃ until the PAN and the PMMA are uniformly mixed, adding 5-8 wt% of graphene oxide, and carrying out ultrasonic stirring to obtain a uniform dispersion liquid, namely a polymer solution; the organic solvent is any one of dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, acetone and N, N-dimethyl amide;
(2) metering the polymer solution prepared in the step (1) by a metering pump and feeding the polymer solution into a spinning nozzle, extruding the polymer spinning solution from a spinning nozzle to form a trickle, and simultaneously carrying out high-speed air flow blowing and stretching on the trickle by using a spraying device to obtain PAN/PMMA (polyacrylonitrile)/PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) nano-fibers deposited on a substrate, wherein the air flow pressure is 50-80 psi;
(3) and (3) carrying out high-temperature thermal stabilization treatment on the nano-fiber prepared in the step (2) to obtain the nano-fiber material for filtering heavy metal ions.
Preferably, the concentration of the graphene oxide is 5-8 wt%, and the weight parts are polyacrylonitrile PAN: polymethyl methacrylate PMMA = 2-8: 8 to 2.
Preferably, the gas stream pressure in step (1) is 70 psi.
Preferably, the diameter of the prepared nanofiber material for filtering heavy metal ions is 50-400 nm, and the specific surface area of the fiber is 160-185 m2/g。
Advantageous effects
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: graphene oxide has great specific surface area, higher adsorption efficiency, and graphene oxide surface contains abundant functional group, and it has excellent adsorption performance to heavy metal, this application is through taking graphene oxide, polyacrylonitrile PAN and polymethyl methacrylate PMMA as raw materials, utilizes solution jet spinning technique preparation to obtain the nanofiber of high specific surface area, thin fiber diameter, and high stability, and the concentration of polymer solution is great to the fiber diameter influence, increases the concentration of polymer solution, and the fiber diameter grow, on the contrary, reduces the concentration of polymer solution, and the fiber diameter diminishes. This is because the primary driving force for spinning using solution jet spinning is physical, while the polymer type and concentration are fixed, and the rheological behavior and surface tension of the solution directly affects the morphology and diameter of the fiber.
The preparation method has the advantages of high production efficiency, low production cost, simple process, uniform fiber diameter distribution, high filtration and adsorption efficiency on heavy metal ions, thorough removal and suitability for large-scale industrial production.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A preparation method of a nanofiber material for filtering heavy metal ions comprises the following steps:
(1) PAN (proportion by weight): PMMA = 5: 8, weighing Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) according to the proportion, carrying out vacuum drying, adding the PAN and the PMMA into dimethyl sulfoxide, carrying out ultrasonic stirring at 45 ℃ until the PAN and the PMMA are uniformly mixed, adding 5wt% of graphene oxide, and carrying out ultrasonic stirring to obtain a uniform dispersion liquid, namely a polymer solution; the concentrations of PAN and PMMA were 5wt% and 8wt%, respectively.
(2) Metering the polymer solution prepared in the step (1) by a metering pump and feeding the polymer solution into a spinning nozzle, extruding the polymer spinning solution from a spinning nozzle to form a trickle, and simultaneously carrying out high-speed air flow blowing and stretching on the trickle by using a spraying device to obtain PAN/PMMA (polyacrylonitrile)/PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) nano-fibers deposited on a substrate, wherein the air flow pressure is 50 psi;
(3) to step (2)And carrying out high-temperature thermal stabilization treatment on the prepared nano-fiber to obtain the nano-fiber material for filtering heavy metal ions. The diameter of the fiber is 240nm, and the specific surface area of the fiber is 155m2/g。
Example 2
A preparation method of a nanofiber material for filtering heavy metal ions comprises the following steps:
(1) PAN (proportion by weight): PMMA = 2: 5, weighing Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) according to the proportion, carrying out vacuum drying, adding the PAN and the PMMA into dimethyl sulfoxide, carrying out ultrasonic stirring at 45 ℃ until the PAN and the PMMA are uniformly mixed, adding 6wt% of graphene oxide, and carrying out ultrasonic stirring to obtain a uniform dispersion liquid, namely a polymer solution; the concentrations of PAN and PMMA were 2wt% and 5wt%, respectively.
(2) Metering the polymer solution prepared in the step (1) by a metering pump and feeding the polymer solution into a spinning nozzle, extruding the polymer spinning solution from a spinning nozzle to form a trickle, and simultaneously carrying out high-speed air flow blowing and stretching on the trickle by using a spraying device to obtain PAN/PMMA (polyacrylonitrile)/PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) nano-fibers deposited on a substrate, wherein the air flow pressure is 50 psi;
(3) and (3) carrying out high-temperature thermal stabilization treatment on the nano-fiber prepared in the step (2) to obtain the nano-fiber material for filtering heavy metal ions. The diameter of the fiber is 120nm, and the specific surface area of the fiber is 150m2/g。
Example 3
A preparation method of a nanofiber material for filtering heavy metal ions comprises the following steps:
(1) PAN (proportion by weight): PMMA = 8: 6, weighing Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) according to the proportion, carrying out vacuum drying, adding the PAN and the PMMA into dimethyl sulfoxide, carrying out ultrasonic stirring at 45 ℃ until the PAN and the PMMA are uniformly mixed, adding 7wt% of graphene oxide, and carrying out ultrasonic stirring to obtain a uniform dispersion liquid, namely a polymer solution; the concentrations of PAN and PMMA were 8wt% and 6wt%, respectively.
(2) Metering the polymer solution prepared in the step (1) by a metering pump and feeding the polymer solution into a spinning nozzle, extruding the polymer spinning solution from a spinning nozzle to form a trickle, and simultaneously carrying out high-speed air flow blowing and stretching on the trickle by using a spraying device to obtain PAN/PMMA (polyacrylonitrile)/PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) nano-fibers deposited on a substrate, wherein the air flow pressure is 50 psi;
(3) and (3) carrying out high-temperature thermal stabilization treatment on the nano-fiber prepared in the step (2) to obtain the nano-fiber material for filtering heavy metal ions. The diameter of the fiber is 300nm, and the specific surface area of the fiber is 170m2/g。
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The nanofiber material for filtering heavy metal ions is prepared by a solution jet spinning technology, and is characterized in that the nanofiber material is prepared by taking graphene oxide, Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as raw materials through the solution jet spinning technology, wherein the concentration of the graphene oxide is 5-8 wt%, and the weight parts of the graphene oxide are PAN: PMMA = 2-8: 8 to 2, the fiber diameter is 30 to 500nm, and the specific surface area of the fiber is 150 to 185m2/g；
The preparation method of the nanofiber material for filtering heavy metal ions comprises the following steps:
(1) PAN (proportion by weight): PMMA = 2-8: weighing Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) according to the proportion of 8-2, carrying out vacuum drying, adding the PAN and the PMMA into an organic solvent, carrying out ultrasonic stirring at 45 ℃ until the PAN and the PMMA are uniformly mixed, adding 5-8 wt% of graphene oxide, and carrying out ultrasonic stirring to obtain a uniform dispersion liquid, namely a polymer solution; the organic solvent is any one of dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, acetone and N, N-dimethyl amide;
(2) metering the polymer solution prepared in the step (1) by a metering pump and feeding the polymer solution into a spinning nozzle, extruding the polymer spinning solution from a spinning nozzle to form a trickle, and simultaneously carrying out high-speed air flow blowing and stretching on the trickle by using a spraying device to obtain PAN/PMMA (polyacrylonitrile)/PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) nano-fibers deposited on a substrate, wherein the air flow pressure is 70 psi;
(3) and (3) carrying out high-temperature thermal stabilization treatment on the nano-fiber prepared in the step (2) to obtain the nano-fiber material for filtering heavy metal ions.
2. The nanofiber material for filtering heavy metal ions, prepared by adopting solution jet spinning technology, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fiber diameter is 50-400 nm, and the fiber specific surface area is 160-185 m2/g。
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| CN110983478A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-10 | 洪泽联合化纤有限公司 | Preparation method of single-component fiber |
| CN113493963A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2021-10-12 | 苏州合祥纺织科技有限公司 | Puerarin-loaded micro-nano composite fiber membrane and preparation method thereof |
| CN112090169A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-12-18 | 柳州紫荆技术转移中心有限公司 | Preparation method of graphene composite filtering material for efficient integrated water purification equipment for sewage treatment |
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