CN108728916B - Split type spinneret suitable for centrifugal spinning in-situ composite preparation of nanofibers - Google Patents
Split type spinneret suitable for centrifugal spinning in-situ composite preparation of nanofibers Download PDFInfo
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- CN108728916B CN108728916B CN201810805069.XA CN201810805069A CN108728916B CN 108728916 B CN108728916 B CN 108728916B CN 201810805069 A CN201810805069 A CN 201810805069A CN 108728916 B CN108728916 B CN 108728916B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/18—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by means of rotating spinnerets
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of nanofiber processing, and aims to provide a split type spinneret suitable for preparing nanofibers through centrifugal spinning and in-situ compounding. The upper part of a material storage cavity is provided with a sealing cover, a vertical cavity dividing plate is arranged in the material storage cavity, and the sealing cover and the cavity dividing plate are jointly matched to divide the material storage cavity into at least two independent cavities; the centers of the sealing cover, the cavity dividing plate and the material storage cavity are positioned on the same axis, a through hole is formed along the axis, and a rotating shaft of the driving motor penetrates through the through hole and is tightly matched with the through hole, so that the sealing cover, the cavity dividing plate and the material storage cavity are all fixed on the rotating shaft of the driving motor; spinning liquid injection holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the independent cavities are formed in the sealing cover, and through spinning holes are formed in the side wall of each independent cavity. The invention has simple structure, and the detachable split structure is easier to process and convenient to clean; the process for preparing the composite nano fiber is stable and efficient, the phenomena of jet flow splitting and whiplash in electrostatic spinning can not occur, and the phenomenon of single component splitting in the composite fiber can be avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nanofiber processing, and particularly relates to a split type spinneret suitable for preparing nanofibers through centrifugal spinning and in-situ compounding.
Background
The composite material is a material formed by combining two or more materials with different properties on a macroscopic or microscopic scale through physical or chemical techniques and methods. Various materials in the composite material have advantages in performance, and can fully make up for the defects and shortcomings of the composite material. The composite material is formed by combining the materials, so that the performance of the original material can be greatly enhanced. Generally, the basic performance of the composite material is better than that of any original material under the action of physical or chemical methods.
At present, a new technical revolution of the global chemical fiber industry is developing, the era of 'large fiber' is coming, functionalization, differentiation, intellectualization and greening become development trends of the chemical fiber industry, the field of high-performance fiber is the scientific and technological high point of the global competition, and the composite fiber technology is more and more paid attention by the industry as one of key realization technologies of the high-performance fiber.
The nanofiber has been widely paid attention to because of its size effect, surface effect, high surface activity and high porosity, can be flexibly modified by functional modification, and has excellent optical, thermal, electrical and magnetic properties. Composite nanofibers have also become an important direction in the field of nanofiber research.
At present, the main preparation methods of the composite nanofiber comprise organic matter and inorganic matter nanoparticle doping and compounding, multi-polymer cosolvent system compounding and multi-solvent system dissolving and compounding. These methods can well prepare composite nanofibers, but there are many problems, such as uniform dispersion of particles, particle adhesion fastness, polymer range limitation by cosolvent system, complex preparation of spinning solution caused by multi-solvent system, and complicated preparation process.
At present, researches on the preparation of nano fibers by blending composite spinning of two or more polymers without a cosolvent system or difficult to adopt the cosolvent system are less, and the key for expanding the application of the composite nano fibers is to prepare the composite nano fibers with two phases uniformly dispersed by one step by respectively adopting simple dissolving methods for the polymers which cannot be adopted or are difficult to adopt the cosolvent system.
Chinese patent CN104611772A discloses an electrostatic spinning device for preparing coaxial nanofibers in batches, which adopts a needleless coaxial electrostatic spinning nozzle to prepare nanofiber felts with skin-core structures in batches; chinese patent CN106222767A discloses a coaxial centrifugal spinning device and method, which adopts one or more groups of coaxial centrifuge tubes to carry out centrifugal spinning to prepare superfine fiber with a skin-core structure, and has simple design and high yield; chinese patent CN105369369A discloses a centrifugal coaxial electrostatic spinning machine which combines centrifugal spinning and coaxial electrostatic spinning to prepare coaxial composite nano-fiber with higher yield. The application range of the composite fiber of the skin-core structure is limited, and for bi-component fiber, in application occasions requiring the combined action of two components, such as drug release, cell culture and the like, if the skin layer of the skin-core structure is very compact and the core layer can not play a role, the situation needs to be solved by selecting other modes.
Chinese patent CN107236997A discloses an electrostatic spinning method for preparing nano-fibers with parallel composite structures in batches, which forms composite layer spinning solutions which are parallel to each other at the left and right sides above a spinning nozzle by using a spinning solution A and a spinning solution B, and then forms the parallel composite nano-fibers by stretching under the action of an electric field, so that the electrostatic spinning yield is higher than that of the traditional parallel needle head electrostatic spinning. However, due to the existence of static electricity in the electrostatic spinning process, whip and splitting phenomena of jet flow are always accompanied, and the properties of a final product are substantially influenced. Although the technology completes the design of the parallel composite nano-fiber from the process, the fiber actually produced by the technology is not the true parallel composite fiber after being confirmed by repeated experiments of technicians in the field. In most cases, the obtained product is single-component A nanofiber or single-component B nanofiber, or composite fiber with large difference of content ratio of two combinations in parallel along the axial direction of the fiber.
In the technology of preparing nano fibers by centrifugal spinning, no reports of composite nano fibers with parallel structures and the like exist at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provides a split type spinneret suitable for preparing nano fibers by centrifugal spinning and in-situ compounding.
In order to solve the technical problem, the solution of the invention is as follows:
the split spinneret suitable for preparing the nano-fibers by centrifugal spinning in-situ compounding is provided, and comprises a hollow container-shaped storage cavity for storing spinning solution; the upper part of the storage cavity is provided with a sealing cover, a vertical cavity dividing plate is arranged in the storage cavity, and the sealing cover and the cavity dividing plate are matched together to divide the storage cavity into at least two independent cavities; the centers of the sealing cover, the cavity dividing plate and the material storage cavity are positioned on the same axis, a through hole is formed along the axis, and a rotating shaft of the driving motor penetrates through the through hole and is tightly matched with the through hole, so that the sealing cover, the cavity dividing plate and the material storage cavity are all fixed on the rotating shaft of the driving motor; spinning liquid injection holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the independent cavities are formed in the sealing cover, and through spinning holes are formed in the side wall of each independent cavity.
In the invention, the spinneret orifice is positioned at the joint of the cavity dividing plate and the inner wall of the storage cavity, the cavity dividing plate is provided with a flow guide runner coaxial with the spinneret orifice, and the flow guide runner is communicated with the spinneret orifice.
In the invention, the cavity dividing plate is fixed in the material storage cavity in any one of the following modes:
(1) the inner side wall of the material storage cavity is provided with a vertical groove, and the end part of the cavity dividing plate is inserted into the vertical groove;
(2) a buckle part is arranged on the inner side wall of the material storage cavity, and the end part of the cavity dividing plate is clamped in the buckle part;
(3) the end part of the cavity dividing plate is tightly attached to the inner side wall of the material storage cavity and fixed through a screw penetrating through the side wall of the material storage cavity.
In the invention, the number of independent cavities in the material storage cavity is 2n, wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and …; along with the increase of the number of the independent cavities, the transverse sections of the cavity dividing plates are respectively in a straight shape and a cross shape, and so on.
In the invention, the spinneret orifices are positioned on the same horizontal plane and keep the same distance.
In the invention, the aperture of the spinneret orifice is 0.1-1 mm, and the length of the pore channel of the spinneret orifice is 0.1-10 mm; the diameter of the spinning solution injection hole is 0.5-2 mm.
In the invention, the cross section of the material storage cavity is circular, oval or fusiform.
The spinneret can be made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, copper, PTFE, PLA, ABS, PP, PET and the like; the viscosity range of the spinning dope in each individual cavity is substantially the same.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the yield of the nano-fiber prepared by the centrifugal spinning technology is higher, the jet flow track is more stable in the centrifugal spinning process, when the spinning solutions with different components are converged at the same spinneret orifice to form parallel jet flows, the parallel jet flows exist until the spinning solutions are solidified to form the composite nano-fiber under the action of centrifugal force, the splitting and whip phenomena of the jet flows in electrostatic spinning can not occur, and therefore the splitting phenomenon of the single components in the composite fiber can not occur.
(2) The invention has simple structure, and the detachable split structure is easier to process and convenient to clean;
(3) the process for preparing the composite nano fiber is stable and efficient, and provides a new idea for preparing the composite nano fiber for materials without cosolvent or materials difficult to be codissolved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the spinneret of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the sealing cap of the spinneret.
FIG. 3 is a left side view of a storage chamber of the spinneret.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the spinneret taken transversely to the axis of the spinneret orifice.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the spinneret taken longitudinally along the axis of the spinneret orifice.
FIG. 6 is SEM image of sodium alginate/chitosan nanofibers prepared by using the spinneret of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: the spinning device comprises a sealing cover 1, a cavity dividing plate 2, a material storage cavity 3, a spinning solution injection hole 4 and a spinneret hole 5.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples. It should be noted that these examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, so as to facilitate the further understanding of the technical ideas and features of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that various changes and modifications could be made herein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and equivalents thereof would fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
As shown in fig. 1, the split spinneret suitable for centrifugal spinning in-situ composite preparation of nanofibers comprises a hollow container-shaped storage chamber 3 for storing spinning solution; the upper part of the material storage cavity 3 is provided with a sealing cover 1, a vertical flat plate type (straight line type) cavity dividing plate 2 is arranged inside the material storage cavity 3, and the sealing cover 1 and the cavity dividing plate 2 are matched together to divide the material storage cavity 3 into two independent cavities; the centers of the sealing cover 1, the cavity dividing plate 2 and the material storage cavity 3 are positioned on the same axis, a through hole is formed along the axis, and a rotating shaft of the driving motor penetrates through the through hole and is tightly matched with the through hole, so that the sealing cover 1, the cavity dividing plate 2 and the material storage cavity 3 are all fixed on the rotating shaft of the driving motor; spinning solution injection holes 4 corresponding to the independent cavities one by one are arranged on the sealing cover 1, and through spinneret holes 5 are arranged on the side walls of the independent cavities. As shown in fig. 1, the spinneret orifice 5 is located at the connection position of the two ends of the cavity plate 2 and the inner wall of the material storage cavity 3, a flow guide channel coaxial with the spinneret orifice 5 is arranged on the cavity plate 2, and the flow guide channel is communicated with the spinneret orifice 5.
In fig. 1, vertical grooves are provided on the inner side walls of the magazine 3, and the ends of the chamber-dividing plates 2 are inserted into the longitudinal grooves to achieve fixation. Of course, the sub-cavity plate 2 can be fixed in other ways, for example, a fastening part is arranged on the inner side wall of the storage cavity 3, and the end part of the sub-cavity plate 2 is clamped in the fastening part; or, the end part of the chamber-dividing plate 2 is tightly attached to the inner side wall of the material storage chamber 3, and is fixed by a screw penetrating through the side wall of the material storage chamber 3.
In this embodiment, the cavity dividing plate 2 is a flat plate (i.e. a straight plate) and divides the material storage cavity 3 into two independent cavities. According to actual needs, the number of the independent cavities can also be 2n, wherein n is 2, 3, 4, 5, …; with the increase of the number of the independent cavities, the transverse section of the cavity dividing plate is in a cross shape (n is 2) or a star shape (n is 3), and the like. The spinneret orifices 5 arranged on the wall of the material storage cavity 3 are positioned on the same horizontal plane and keep the same distance. As an example, the diameter of the spinneret orifice is 0.1-1 mm, and the length of the duct of the spinneret orifice is 0.1-10 mm; the diameter of the spinning solution injection hole is 0.5-2 mm. The spinneret can be made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, copper, PTFE, PLA, ABS, PP, PET and the like; the extent of the spinning solution in each individual cavity is substantially the same. The cross-sectional shape of the accumulator chamber 3 is circular (as shown in fig. 1 and 2), oval or shuttle-shaped.
When the centrifugal spinning machine is applied to spinning, the material storage cavity 3, the cavity dividing plate 2 and the sealing cover 1 are sequentially fixed on a motor rotating shaft, and different spinning solutions are respectively injected into each independent cavity in the material storage cavity 3 for centrifugal spinning.
The side-by-side composite fiber is prepared by the product of the invention. In the side-by-side type composite fiber, there are a component A and a component B which are distributed side by side in the fiber axial direction. According to the invention, two spinning solutions are converged at two sides of the cavity dividing plate along the flow channel to one spinneret orifice at one side, namely, the two spinning solutions are arranged at one spinneret orifice and are thrown out from one spinneret orifice under the action of centrifugal force after being converged, so that the nano fibers with parallel structures are further formed (the nano fibers are not spliced to form the parallel structures after coming out from the two spinneret orifices).
Example 1:
then adopting sodium alginate water solution and chitosan acetic acid solution to carry out centrifugal spinning and in-situ compounding to prepare the nano-fiber. Because the two spinning solutions are mixed to generate gel which is not suitable for direct mixing and dissolution, the scheme of the invention is adopted for compounding. Dissolving sodium alginate with a certain molecular weight in deionized water with a certain mass to obtain a sodium alginate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 4%; dissolving chitosan with a certain molecular weight in 10% acetic acid solution with a certain mass to obtain 5% chitosan acetic acid solution with mass fraction. A linear cavity-dividing plate 2 shown in figure 1 is adopted to divide a cylindrical material storage cavity 3 into two independent cavities, the diameter of a spinneret orifice is 0.25mm, the length of a pore passage of the spinneret orifice is 1mm, and the injection hole of spinning solution is 2 mm. After the spinning solutions are respectively injected into the two independent cavities, a power supply of a motor is started, the rotating speed of the motor is set to be 4000rpm, and centrifugal spinning is carried out. The sodium alginate/chitosan composite nano-fiber with a parallel structure is obtained, and the diameter range of the fiber is 300-500 nm.
Claims (7)
1. A split type spinneret suitable for preparing nano fibers by centrifugal spinning in-situ compounding comprises a hollow container-shaped storage cavity for storing spinning solution; the device is characterized in that a sealing cover is arranged at the upper part of the material storage cavity, a vertical cavity dividing plate is arranged in the material storage cavity, and the sealing cover and the cavity dividing plate are matched together to divide the material storage cavity into at least two independent cavities; the centers of the sealing cover, the cavity dividing plate and the material storage cavity are positioned on the same axis, a through hole is formed along the axis, and a rotating shaft of the driving motor penetrates through the through hole and is tightly matched with the through hole, so that the sealing cover, the cavity dividing plate and the material storage cavity are all fixed on the rotating shaft of the driving motor; spinning liquid injection holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the independent cavities are formed in the sealing cover, and through spinning holes are formed in the side wall of each independent cavity.
2. The split spinneret device according to claim 1, wherein the spinneret holes are located at the connection position of the cavity dividing plate and the inner wall of the storage cavity, and the cavity dividing plate is provided with a flow guide flow passage coaxial with the spinneret holes, and the flow guide flow passage is communicated with the spinneret holes.
3. The split spinneret plate according to claim 1, wherein the cavity plate is fixed in the storage cavity by any one of the following means:
(1) the inner side wall of the material storage cavity is provided with a vertical groove, and the end part of the cavity dividing plate is inserted into the vertical groove;
(2) a buckle part is arranged on the inner side wall of the material storage cavity, and the end part of the cavity dividing plate is clamped in the buckle part;
(3) the end part of the cavity dividing plate is tightly attached to the inner side wall of the material storage cavity and fixed through a screw penetrating through the side wall of the material storage cavity.
4. The split spinneret plate according to claim 1, wherein the number of independent cavities in the storage cavity is 2n, n =1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …; along with the increase of the number of the independent cavities, the transverse sections of the cavity dividing plates are respectively in a straight shape and a cross shape, and so on.
5. The split spinneret according to claim 1, wherein the spinneret holes are located on the same horizontal plane and maintain the same spacing.
6. The split spinneret according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the spinneret hole is 0.1-1 mm, and the length of the channel of the spinneret hole is 0.1-10 mm; the diameter of the spinning solution injection hole is 0.5-2 mm.
7. The split spinneret plate according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape of said reservoir chamber is circular, oval or fusiform.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810805069.XA CN108728916B (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2018-07-20 | Split type spinneret suitable for centrifugal spinning in-situ composite preparation of nanofibers |
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| CN201810805069.XA CN108728916B (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2018-07-20 | Split type spinneret suitable for centrifugal spinning in-situ composite preparation of nanofibers |
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| CN108728916B true CN108728916B (en) | 2020-09-15 |
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| CN111926396B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-18 | 浙江理工大学 | Preparation method of nanofiber membrane cloth with interpenetrating structure |
| CN113463207B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-04-19 | 武汉纺织大学 | Core-shell type composite tank |
| CN113502551B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-04-19 | 武汉纺织大学 | Centrifugal spinning integrated body |
| CN113481616B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-04-19 | 武汉纺织大学 | Back-rest type fiber preparation tank |
| CN113502554B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-04-19 | 武汉纺织大学 | Reverse bijection type skin-core structure centrifugal spinning unit |
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| US10087554B2 (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2018-10-02 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Methods for the production of fluoropolymer fibers |
| US20150024185A1 (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2015-01-22 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Force spun sub-micron fiber and applications |
| US9365951B2 (en) * | 2014-01-30 | 2016-06-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Negative polarity on the nanofiber line |
| CN104389037B (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2017-06-06 | 魏保平 | A kind of nested type spinning body |
| CN105755557B (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-10-27 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of electromagnetic levitation type centrifuges electrostatic spinning apparatus |
| CN106400142A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 天津工业大学 | Method for centrifugal spinning of hollow iron oxide ultrafine fibers |
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