CN108723160B - Forming method and forming die for thin-wall spherical part - Google Patents
Forming method and forming die for thin-wall spherical part Download PDFInfo
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- CN108723160B CN108723160B CN201810659607.9A CN201810659607A CN108723160B CN 108723160 B CN108723160 B CN 108723160B CN 201810659607 A CN201810659607 A CN 201810659607A CN 108723160 B CN108723160 B CN 108723160B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
- B21D26/031—Mould construction
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- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A forming method of a thin-wall spherical part comprises a preforming stage and a final forming stage, wherein the preforming adopts a preforming die to draw and form a spherical bottom cylindrical part, and the final forming stage is to bulge the spherical bottom cylindrical part drawn and preformed through the final forming die to form the spherical part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a plastic forming method of a thin-wall part, in particular to a forming method and a forming die of a spherical part.
Background
With the requirements of light weight and integration in the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles and the like, large-size, difficult-to-deform and thin-wall parts are widely adopted, and meanwhile, a severe challenge is brought to the plastic forming manufacturing technology. As a flexible forming technology, the hydro-forming has the characteristics of high forming precision, good surface quality, short production period and suitability for forming thin-wall parts with complex structures, and the application range of the hydro-forming tends to be wide. The liquid-filling forming can be divided into plate liquid-filling forming and internal high-pressure bulging according to the material type, wherein the plate liquid-filling forming can be divided into active liquid-filling forming and passive liquid-filling forming. The passive liquid filling forming can improve the forming limit of parts, the parts with deep depth can be drawn at a single time, the blank is attached to the die cavity under the action of liquid pressure in the internal high-pressure forming, the blank is uniformly stressed, the resilience is small, and the forming precision of the parts can be ensured.
Due to the structural characteristics of the spherical part, the spherical part is difficult to be integrally formed by adopting the traditional forming method and is often formed by welding hemispherical parts. After the hemispherical part is formed, the hemispherical part is difficult to be matched into the spherical part with the size requirement due to the factors such as resilience, trimming and the like, and the adjustment and the repair are continuously and repeatedly needed, so that the welding precision is guaranteed, and the production efficiency is reduced. Meanwhile, the welded parts are seriously deformed due to the action of a heat effect in the welding process, so that the defects of difficult repair, poor surface quality, low part size precision and the like are caused. The spherical parts welded by the hemispherical parts are inferior to the integrally formed spherical parts in the aspects of mechanical property, air tightness, fatigue resistance and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a forming method of a thin-wall spherical part and an auxiliary forming die thereof. The forming method of the thin-wall spherical part provided by the invention is a flexible forming method combining plate passive liquid-filling forming and internal high-pressure bulging, can integrally form a plate into a spherical part meeting the requirements of precision, quality, thinning and the like, improves the production efficiency of the spherical part, and improves the forming quality of the spherical part. The auxiliary device comprises a passive liquid-filling forming die and an internal high-pressure bulging die.
A forming method of a thin-wall spherical part comprises a preforming stage and a final forming stage, wherein the preforming adopts a preforming die to draw and form a spherical bottom cylindrical part, and the final forming stage is to bulge the spherical bottom cylindrical part drawn and preformed through the final forming die to form the spherical part.
The pre-forming die consists of an upper die part and a lower die part, wherein the upper die part comprises a male die and a blank holder, the male die is a cylindrical part with a hemispherical front end, the diameter of the hemisphere corresponds to the diameter of the opening of the thin-wall spherical part, the lower die part comprises a die holder, a liquid chamber, a gasket and a female die, the liquid chamber is a closed chamber with an opening at the upper end and is embedded in the die holder, the center of the female die is a round hole passing through the male die, the female die covers the top of the liquid chamber, the round hole is communicated with the liquid chamber, the female die is sealed with the wall of the liquid chamber, a liquid filling joint communicated with the outside is communicated with the liquid chamber, and the gasket is an annular part.
In the preforming stage, the preforming mold is placed on a machine tool, the surface of the plate is placed on the surface of the female mold and is tightly pressed by a blank holder, liquid is filled into the liquid chamber through the liquid filling joint, the plate is pressed into the female mold by the male mold under the action of the machine tool, and the plate is tightly attached to the surface of the male mold under the hydraulic action in the liquid chamber to form the spherical bottom cylindrical part.
The final forming die comprises an upper die, a lower die, a plug, a movable module and a base, wherein the upper die is provided with a hemispherical inner cavity corresponding to a thin-wall spherical part, the lower die is also provided with a lower die hemispherical cavity corresponding to the upper die, the upper die and the lower die are buckled to form a spherical forming cavity of the part, the plug is embedded at the lower end of the lower die, the plug is of an inverted T-shaped structure and matched with a spherical bottom cylindrical part, the upper end of the plug penetrates through a central hole of the base, a plurality of wedge-shaped movable modules matched with the lower die are arranged around the plug, the plug is connected with high-pressure liquid through a liquid filling interface, an exhaust pipe is vertically fixed on the plug, the height of the exhaust pipe is matched with the height of the forming cavity, and the lower.
In the final forming stage, a plug and a base of a final forming die are placed on a machine tool workbench, a preformed spherical bottom cylindrical part is reversely buckled on the plug, a wedge-shaped movable module is placed around the plug, a spherical forming cavity formed by an upper die and a lower die is sealed with the plug, liquid is filled into the spherical bottom cylindrical part through a liquid filling interface on the plug, meanwhile, an exhaust pipe is communicated with the outside air through an exhaust interface, when the liquid level reaches the bottom of the spherical bottom cylindrical part, an exhaust connecting pipe is closed, the interior of the spherical bottom cylindrical part is filled with high-pressure liquid, and the spherical bottom cylindrical part is attached to the spherical forming cavity under the pressure of the internal liquid to form a spherical part.
The invention has the advantages that: the forming method of combining the passive liquid-filling forming with the internal high-pressure bulging forming and the spinning auxiliary forming solves the problem of integral forming of the spherical part. The preforming adopts passive liquid-filling forming, so that a spherical bottom cylindrical part with deeper drawing depth can be formed at one time, the surface quality of the part can be obviously improved, and the part with uniform wall thickness reduction and no corrugation of a straight wall is obtained; on the basis of the spherical bottom cylindrical part, the spherical part with better integrity can be obtained by adopting internal high-pressure bulging, the welding amount is reduced, the forming defect caused by welding is eliminated, the mechanical property of the part is improved, the workload of the middle assembly process is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a spherical part.
Fig. 2 is a partial view of the upper mold of the preform mold.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the preform mold.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a configuration of a molding cavity formed by an upper mold and a lower mold of a final molding die.
Fig. 5 is a view of the final mold plug, the movable mold block and the base assembly.
The numbering in the figures illustrates: the device comprises a male die 1, a blank holder 2, a gasket 3, a guide plate 4, a die holder 5, a liquid chamber 6, a liquid filling joint 7, a female die 8, an upper die 9, a lower die 10, a wedge-shaped movable module 11, a liquid filling interface 12, a base 13, a plug 14, a cylindrical part with a spherical bottom 15, an exhaust pipe 16 and a spherical part 17.
Detailed Description
The following describes a method for forming a thin-walled spherical part and an auxiliary device thereof in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 shows a spherical part 17, which is formed by forming two hemispheres and then joining them together in a conventional forming method. Has the defects of complex forming process and low surface quality.
The invention provides a forming method of a thin-wall spherical part and an auxiliary forming die thereof. The forming method comprises two parts of pre-forming and final forming, wherein a straight-wall spherical bottom cylindrical part is formed by a passive liquid-filling forming technology, and after stress relief annealing, the pre-formed spherical bottom cylindrical part is placed into an internal high-pressure bulging die to finally bulge a spherical part 17.
As shown, a passive hydroforming die is used for preforming. The preforming die consists of an upper die part and a lower die part, wherein the upper die part comprises a male die 1 and a blank holder 2, the male die 1 is a cylindrical part with a hemispherical front end, the diameter of the hemisphere corresponds to the diameter of an opening of a thin-wall spherical part 17, the lower die part comprises a die holder 5, a liquid chamber 6, a gasket 3 and a female die 8, the liquid chamber 6 is a closed cavity with an opening at the upper end and is embedded in the die holder 5, the center of the female die 8 is a round hole passing through the male die 1, the female die 8 covers the top of the liquid chamber, the round hole is communicated with the liquid chamber, the female die 8 is sealed with the wall of the liquid chamber, a liquid filling joint 7 communicated with the outside is communicated with the liquid chamber 6, and the gasket 3 is an annular part and is fixed. The gasket 3 is used for adjusting the clearance between the blank holder 2 and the die 8, and the lower surface of the gasket 3 is provided with a groove for releasing liquid overflowing between the plate and the die 8 in the liquid chamber 6.
When spherical parts are preformed, a die holder 5 is fixed on a machine tool workbench through a pressing plate, a liquid chamber 6 is fixed in the die holder 5 through interference fit, a plate is placed on the upper surface of a female die 8 through a positioning pin and is pressed by a blank holder 2, a guide plate 4 is fixed on the blank holder 2 and is used for guiding the blank holder 2 and the die holder 5 in the drawing process, liquid is filled into the liquid chamber 6 through a liquid filling joint 7, the plate is pressed into the female die 8 through a male die 1 under the action of a machine tool, and the plate is tightly attached to the surface of the male die under the hydraulic action in the liquid chamber to form a spherical bottom cylindrical part 15. The guidance between the punch 1 and the blank holder 2 is realized by clearance fit. The liquid filling joint 7 is connected with the high-pressure source and the liquid chamber 6, and the liquid pressure in the liquid chamber is regulated in real time through a proportional servo valve.
In the implementation, the liquid chamber 6 is a universal liquid chamber, when the spherical bottom cylindrical parts with different sizes are formed, only the female die 8, the blank holder 2 and the male die 1 which are connected to the die holder 5 through bolts need to be replaced, and the die cost is reduced.
In the final forming stage, the spherical bottom cylindrical member 15 is expanded through a final forming die to form a spherical part. The final forming die comprises an upper die 9, a lower die 10, a plug 14, movable modules 11 and a base 13, wherein the upper die 9 is provided with a hemispherical inner cavity corresponding to a thin-wall spherical part 17, the lower die 10 is also provided with a lower die hemispherical cavity corresponding to the upper die, the upper die and the lower die are buckled to form a spherical forming cavity of the part, the plug 14 is embedded at the lower end of the lower die 10, the plug 14 is of an inverted T-shaped structure and matched with a spherical bottom cylindrical part 15, the upper end of the plug 14 penetrates through a central hole of the base 13, a plurality of wedge-shaped movable modules 11 matched with the lower die are arranged around the plug, the plug 14 is connected with high-pressure liquid through a liquid filling port 12, an exhaust pipe 16 is vertically fixed on the plug 14, the height of the exhaust pipe is matched with the height of the forming cavity, and the lower end of.
When the spherical part is finally formed, a plug 14 and a base 13 of a final forming die are placed on a workbench of a machine tool, a preformed spherical bottom cylindrical part 15 is reversely buckled on the plug, a wedge-shaped movable module 11 is placed around the plug 14, a spherical forming cavity formed by an upper die 9 and a lower die 10 is sealed with the plug 14, and the upper die 9 and the lower die 10 are guided through matching relation. Liquid is filled into the spherical bottom cylindrical part 15 through the liquid filling interface 12 on the plug 14, meanwhile, the exhaust pipe 16 is communicated with the outside air through the exhaust interface, when the liquid level reaches the bottom of the spherical bottom cylindrical part 15, the exhaust pipe 16 is closed, so that the spherical bottom cylindrical part 15 is filled with high-pressure liquid, and the spherical bottom cylindrical part is attached to the spherical forming cavity under the pressure of the internal liquid to form the spherical part 15.
In implementation, the wedge-shaped movable module 11 is composed of three petals and is arranged on the base 13, the outer edge of the wedge-shaped movable module 11 is of a wedge-shaped structure and is matched with the wedge-shaped structure of the lower die 10, and when the lower die 10 moves downwards, the wedge-shaped movable module 11 moves along the radial direction through the wedge-shaped structure, so that a large mold closing force is generated between the wedge-shaped movable module 11 and the plug 14, and the purpose of sealing the opening of the spherical bottom cylindrical part 15 is achieved. The forming method of the thin-wall spherical part and the auxiliary forming die thereof provided by the invention are applied to the implementation of the following steps:
(1) and (5) inversely calculating the size of the required plate through the spherical part, and cutting the plate according to the inversely calculated size.
(2) And filling emulsion into the liquid chamber 6 through the liquid filling joint 7 until the liquid level is flush with the female die 8, placing the plate on the female die 8, and positioning through a positioning device. The blank holder 2 moves downwards to be in contact with the sheet material, and the blank holder force is set.
(3) A liquid chamber pressure loading curve and a convex die 1 displacement curve are set through a control cabinet of the machine tool, the liquid chamber pressure curve and the convex die 1 displacement curve are matched with each other, and after the setting is finished, the convex die 1 moves downwards to a set height position to form a spherical bottom cylindrical part 15.
(4) And (3) taking out the spherical bottom cylindrical part 15, performing stress relief annealing (if the requirement on the surface quality is high, performing vacuum annealing), putting the taken out spherical bottom cylindrical part 15 into a final forming die, and inserting the mouth part of the spherical bottom cylindrical part 15 into the sealing section of the plug 14 and the wedge-shaped movable module 11. If the diameter of the mouth of the spherical bottom cylindrical part 15 preformed in the first step is larger than the diameter of the plug 14, the diameter of the mouth of the spherical bottom cylindrical part 15 can be reduced to the diameter of the plug 14 by spinning or mechanical reducing after the spherical bottom cylindrical part 15 is formed, and then the reduced spherical bottom cylindrical part is placed into a final forming die as shown in the figure.
(5) The lower die 9 moves downwards, and the opening part of the spherical bottom cylindrical part 15 is sealed under the action of the wedge-shaped movable die block 11 and the plug 14. A certain gap is kept between the upper die 9 and the lower die 10, liquid is filled into the spherical bottom cylindrical part 15 through the liquid filling interface 12, at the moment, the exhaust pipe 16 is communicated with the atmosphere until the liquid level rises to the top of the spherical bottom cylindrical part 15, and the exhaust pipe 16 is closed.
(6) And setting a displacement curve and a liquid loading curve of the upper die 9, filling liquid into the spherical bottom cylindrical part 15 through the liquid filling interface 12 while the upper die 9 moves downwards, matching the liquid loading curve with the displacement curve of the upper die 9 until the upper die 9 and the lower die 10 reach a die closing position, and forming a final spherical part under the action of liquid pressure.
Claims (2)
1. A forming method of a thin-wall spherical part comprises a pre-forming stage and a final forming stage, and is characterized in that: in the pre-forming stage, a pre-forming die is used for drawing and forming the spherical bottom cylindrical part, and in the final forming stage, the spherical bottom cylindrical part drawn in the pre-forming stage is expanded through a final forming die to form a thin-wall spherical part; the pre-forming die consists of an upper die part and a lower die part, wherein the upper die part comprises a male die and a blank holder, the male die is a cylindrical part with a hemispherical front end, the hemispherical diameter corresponds to the diameter of the opening part of the thin-wall spherical part, the lower die part comprises a die holder, a liquid chamber, a gasket and a female die, the liquid chamber is a closed chamber with an opening at the upper end and is embedded in the die holder, the center of the female die is a round hole passing through the male die, the female die covers the top of the liquid chamber, the round hole is communicated with the liquid chamber, the female die is sealed with the wall of the liquid chamber, a liquid filling joint communicated with the outside is communicated with the liquid chamber, and the gasket is an annular part and; the final forming die comprises an upper die, a lower die, a plug, wedge-shaped movable modules and a base, wherein the upper die is provided with a hemispherical inner cavity corresponding to the thin-wall spherical part, the lower die is also provided with a lower die hemispherical cavity corresponding to the upper die, the upper die and the lower die are buckled to form a spherical forming cavity of the thin-wall spherical part, the plug is embedded at the lower end of the lower die, the plug is of an inverted T-shaped structure and matched with a spherical bottom cylindrical part, the upper end head of the plug penetrates through a central hole of the base, the periphery of the plug is provided with a plurality of wedge-shaped movable modules matched with the lower die, the plug is connected with high-pressure liquid through a liquid filling interface, an exhaust pipe is vertically fixed on the plug, the height of the exhaust pipe is matched with the height of the; in the preforming stage, a preforming die is arranged on a machine tool, the surface of a sheet is arranged on a female die and is tightly pressed by a blank holder, liquid is filled into a liquid chamber through a liquid filling joint, the sheet is pressed into the female die by a male die under the action of the machine tool, and the sheet is tightly attached to the surface of the male die under the hydraulic action in the liquid chamber to form a spherical bottom cylindrical part; in the final forming stage, a plug and a base of a final forming die are arranged on a machine tool workbench, a preformed spherical bottom cylindrical part is reversely buckled on the plug, a wedge-shaped movable module is arranged around the plug, a lower die moves downwards, the mouth of the spherical bottom cylindrical part is sealed under the action of the wedge-shaped movable module and the plug, a certain gap is kept between an upper die and the lower die, liquid is filled into the spherical bottom cylindrical part through a liquid filling interface on the plug, meanwhile, an exhaust pipe is communicated with the outside air through an exhaust interface, when the liquid level reaches the bottom of the spherical bottom cylindrical part, the exhaust pipe is closed, an upper die displacement curve and a liquid loading curve are arranged, the upper die moves downwards, liquid is filled into the spherical bottom cylindrical part through the liquid filling interface, the liquid loading curve is matched with the upper die displacement curve until the upper die and the lower die reach a die assembly position, and the spherical bottom cylindrical part is attached to a, and forming the thin-wall spherical part.
2. A forming die used in the forming method of a thin-walled spherical part according to claim 1, comprising a preforming die and a final forming die, characterized in that: the pre-forming die consists of an upper die part and a lower die part, wherein the upper die part comprises a male die and a blank holder, the male die is a cylindrical part with a hemispherical front end, the hemispherical diameter corresponds to the diameter of the opening part of the thin-wall spherical part, the lower die part comprises a die holder, a liquid chamber, a gasket and a female die, the liquid chamber is a closed chamber with an opening at the upper end and is embedded in the die holder, the center of the female die is a round hole passing through the male die, the female die covers the top of the liquid chamber, the round hole is communicated with the liquid chamber, the female die is sealed with the wall of the liquid chamber, a liquid filling joint communicated with the outside is communicated with the liquid chamber, and the gasket is an annular part and; the final forming die comprises an upper die, a lower die, a plug, wedge-shaped movable modules and a base, wherein the upper die is provided with a hemispherical inner cavity corresponding to the thin-wall spherical part, the lower die is also provided with a lower die hemispherical cavity corresponding to the upper die, the upper die and the lower die are buckled to form a spherical forming cavity of the thin-wall spherical part, the plug is embedded at the lower end of the lower die and is of an inverted T-shaped structure and matched with a spherical bottom cylindrical part, the upper end of the plug penetrates through a central hole of the base, the plurality of wedge-shaped movable modules matched with the lower die are arranged around the plug, the plug is connected with high-pressure liquid through a liquid filling interface, an exhaust pipe is vertically fixed on the plug, the height of the exhaust pipe is matched with the height of the spherical forming cavity, and the.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810659607.9A CN108723160B (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2018-06-22 | Forming method and forming die for thin-wall spherical part |
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| CN201810659607.9A CN108723160B (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2018-06-22 | Forming method and forming die for thin-wall spherical part |
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| CN108723160B true CN108723160B (en) | 2020-02-14 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111112430B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2022-01-04 | 中国航发南方工业有限公司 | Composite compensation springback forming method for revolving body parts |
| CN111842637B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2023-07-14 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Composite forming die and forming method for titanium alloy deep cavity component |
| CN113649467B (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-08-04 | 中航西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司 | Forming method of large-size near-revolving body engine lip |
| CN114247802B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2024-02-02 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Spherical multi-pass piece multi-process joint integral forming method and spherical multi-pass piece |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1059109A (en) * | 1990-08-24 | 1992-03-04 | 河北省机械科学研究院 | A kind of manufacture method of metallic thin wall hollow products |
| CN1199746C (en) * | 2002-05-30 | 2005-05-04 | 佛山市佳能事液压机器制造有限公司 | Expanding method and equipment for implementing said expanding method |
| JP2005081424A (en) * | 2003-09-10 | 2005-03-31 | Aisin Takaoka Ltd | Hollow body manufacturing method |
| CN107570572B (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2019-05-31 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Symmetrical casting liquid-filling shaping method |
| CN208613468U (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-03-19 | 西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of whole shaping dies of thin-walled spherical part |
| CN208341466U (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-01-08 | 西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of piece pre-forming die of thin-walled spherical part |
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