CN108722386A - A kind of polymer induction graphene growth multiform looks TiO2The method of photochemical catalyst - Google Patents
A kind of polymer induction graphene growth multiform looks TiO2The method of photochemical catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN108722386A CN108722386A CN201710244034.9A CN201710244034A CN108722386A CN 108722386 A CN108722386 A CN 108722386A CN 201710244034 A CN201710244034 A CN 201710244034A CN 108722386 A CN108722386 A CN 108722386A
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] Chemical group OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019394 potassium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 graphite Alkene Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- AHIBWURJLGCHAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S].C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [S].C1=CC=CC=C1 AHIBWURJLGCHAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940048053 acrylate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Natural products CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005909 ethyl alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940012189 methyl orange Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 2
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- FSLGRPCWSUDGGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylnaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid;sodium Chemical compound [Na].C1=CC=CC2=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(C)=CC=C21 FSLGRPCWSUDGGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- LCRMGUFGEDUSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-ylsulfonyloxymethyl naphthalene-1-sulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(OCOS(=O)(=O)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)=O)=CC=CC2=C1 LCRMGUFGEDUSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035040 seed growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B01J35/23—
-
- B01J35/39—
-
- B01J35/393—
-
- B01J35/40—
-
- B01J35/51—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/009—Preparation by separation, e.g. by filtration, decantation, screening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
- B01J37/035—Precipitation on carriers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/04—Mixing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/343—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of ultrasonic wave energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of polymer induction graphene growth multiform looks TiO2The method of photochemical catalyst, includes the following steps：1) graphene and distilled water are mixed and is stirred by ultrasonic, obtain graphene dispersing solution；2) under the conditions of ice-water bath, dispersant, polymer monomer and graphene dispersing solution is mixed, the first mixed liquor is obtained；3) under the conditions of ice-water bath, titanium-containing compound is dissolved in concentrated acid, obtains the second mixed liquor；4) under the conditions of ice-water bath, second mixed liquor and initiator is mixed, third mixed liquor is obtained；First mixed liquor and third mixed liquor are mixed, hydro-thermal reaction is then carried out；It is post-processed after reaction, obtains TiO2/ graphene composite material.The characteristics of promoting electronics transfer and exposure high-energy surface present invention incorporates Multiple heterostructures, to realize high efficiency photocatalysis production hydrogen and light degradation organic pollution.The preparation method of the present invention is easy to operate, the reaction time is shorter, the uniform reunion of crystal particle scale is less.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photocatalysis technology fields.Graphene growth multiform looks are induced more particularly, to a kind of polymer
TiO2The method of photochemical catalyst.
Background technology
Energy shortage and environmental problem are to perplex two hang-ups of human kind sustainable development, and conductor photocatalysis decomposes aquatic products
Hydrogen converts solar energy into chemical energy, has outstanding advantages of low energy consumption, easy to operate, environmental-friendly, to solve environment and the energy
Problem provides an effective approach.
TiO2It is a kind of traditional photochemical catalyst, is widely used in photocatalytic degradation organic matter and production hydrogen field.But TiO2Itself
Have the shortcomings that electron-hole is easily compound, needs constantly to optimize, such as the regulation and control of pattern and setting for heterogeneous material compound
Meter.Graphene has as presently found most thin, maximum intensity, a kind of strongest novel nano-material of electrical and thermal conductivity performance
Prodigious specific surface area, can be as the carrier material of metal nanoparticle, its performance in terms of carrier transport is to prepare
Advanced catalysis agent provides method.Therefore, TiO2Compound with graphene can greatly improve photocatalysis performance.
The TiO reported at present2The regulation and control of pattern mainly have hydrothermal method, surfactant induction either crystal seed
The method of growth.The method of single hydrothermal method, surfactant induction and crystal seed growth, in reaction precursor liquid solution
Component proportion and reaction condition requirement it is high, yield is few, and synthesis step is cumbersome, poor repeatability.After graphene is added, meeting
Solution composition is caused to change, it is difficult to obtain expected appearance structure.
Therefore, the present invention proposes growth multiform looks TiO on a kind of polymer induction graphene2The method of photochemical catalyst,
The method is easy to operate, crystal particle scale is uniform, morphology controllable, reunite it is less；Most importantly conducting polymer can also be further
To enhancing electronics transfer, extends electron lifetime and contribute, finally obtain with very high full light and visible light photocatalysis active
Composite material.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of polymer induction graphene growth multiform looks TiO2Photochemical catalyst
Method.This method is by mixing graphene, dispersant, titanium-containing compound, polymer and initiator, then under certain condition
Hydro-thermal reaction is carried out to get TiO2/ graphene composite material.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention uses following technical proposals：
A kind of polymer induction graphene growth multiform looks TiO2The method of photochemical catalyst, includes the following steps：
1) graphene and distilled water are mixed and is stirred by ultrasonic, obtain graphene dispersing solution；
2) under the conditions of ice-water bath, dispersant, polymer monomer and graphene dispersing solution is mixed, the first mixing is obtained
Liquid；
3) under the conditions of ice-water bath, titanium-containing compound is dissolved in concentrated acid, obtains the second mixed liquor；
4) under the conditions of ice-water bath, second mixed liquor and initiator is mixed, third mixed liquor is obtained；It will be described
First mixed liquor and third mixed liquor are mixed, and then carry out hydro-thermal reaction；It is post-processed after reaction, obtains TiO2/
Graphene composite material (TiO2/ RGO composite materials).
Further, the titanium-containing compound exists in the form of anatase；Preferably, the titanium-containing compound is four chlorinations
Titanium, metatitanic acid, butyl titanate or tetraisopropyl titanate；
Further, the graphene is by chemical vapour deposition technique, micromechanics partition method, oxidation-reduction method, solvent stripping
It is prepared from a kind of method in method or solvent-thermal method.Graphene prepared by the present invention has high conductivity, high intensity and surpasses
The characteristic of bigger serface.
Further, the dispersant is lauryl sodium sulfate, sodium methylene bis-naphthalene sulfonate, di-2-ethylhexylphosphine oxide methyl naphthalene sulfonic acid
Sodium, sodium acrylate, Sodium Polyacrylate, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate or methacrylate.
Further, the initiator is potassium peroxydisulfate, sodium peroxydisulfate or ammonium persulfate；Preferably, the initiator was
Ammonium sulfate；The initiator of the present invention can improve the rate of hydro-thermal reaction, reduce energy consumption.
Further, the polymer monomer is pyrroles, aniline, thiophene, diphenyl sulfide, nitridation sulphur, acetylene or phthalein cyanogen.In step
4) in, the polymer monomer in the first mixed liquor forms polymer by initiator, then induces and grows not similar shape on graphene
The titanium dioxide of looks, realizes TiO2Lamella and graphene sheet layer it is uniform compound.
Further, the concentrated acid is concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid, the concentrated sulfuric acid or dense acetic acid；Preferably, the concentrated acid is
36.5wt% concentrated hydrochloric acids, 65wt% concentrated nitric acids, the 98wt% concentrated sulfuric acids or the dense acetic acid of 99.5wt%；It is highly preferred that the concentrated acid is
36.5wt% concentrated hydrochloric acids.The concentrated acid of the present invention is for inhibiting titanium-containing compound hydrolysis to generate TiO2。
Further, the temperature of the hydro-thermal reaction is 100-300 DEG C, and the time of hydro-thermal reaction is 5-48h.
Further, the post-processing refers to centrifuging the product after reaction, being washed and filtered, then dried and be ground into
Powder.
Further, the washing refers to being washed with two kinds of organic solvents, and the organic solvent is ethyl alcohol, acetone, two
Methyl sulfoxide or dimethylformamide；Preferably, the organic solvent is ethyl alcohol or acetone.The present invention uses organic solvent washing
It is to remove the dispersant of reaction.
Further, the mass ratio of the graphene and distilled water is：1：1000-10000；The graphene and polymer list
The mass ratio of body is 1:0.1-50；The mass ratio of the graphene and titanium-containing compound is 1:1-10.
Further, the mass ratio of the dispersant and distilled water is 1：1000-10000.
Further, the mass ratio of the titanium-containing compound and concentrated acid is 1:0.1-10；The quality of the initiator and concentrated acid
Than being 1:1-50.
The present invention induces the titanium dioxide that different-shape is grown on graphene, TiO2TiO in/graphene composite material2Shape
Looks can be two-dimensional slice, rodlike, spherical, flower-shaped or quantum dot；Different polymer monomer or reaction condition are selected, it can be with
Control TiO2The pattern factor.
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of TiO2The application of/graphene composite material, the TiO2/ graphene
Composite material can be used for Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Production and photocatalytic degradation organic matter.
The TiO of the present invention2/ graphene composite material improves Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Production and photocatalytic degradation by following three kinds of modes
The performance of organic matter：A, the variation of oxidation-reduction potential caused by multiple elements design generates a large amount of decomposable asymmetric choice net aquatic products hydrogen and oxidation
The active specy of organic matter, such as OH and O2 2-；B, a large amount of active sites of exposure；C, more heterogeneous interfaces.
The present invention utilizes growth multiform looks TiO on polymer induction graphene2, mainly pass through polymer chain and graphene
Titanium-containing compound is adsorbed after covalence graft or conjugation are compound, then can bend in hydro-thermal reaction winding, according to polymer
The difference of type can grow the TiO of different-shape on graphene2, form TiO2/ graphene composite material.In visible light or entirely
Under the irradiation of light, light induced electron can pass through TiO2/ graphene composite material is transferred to TiO2Conduction band, promote electronics -- hole
Separation, generates the active specy of a large amount of decomposable asymmetric choice net aquatic products hydrogen or the active specy of degradation of dye, such as OH and O22--；In addition,
The LUMO-HOMO energy levels of conducting polymer can further enhance electronics transfer, extend electron lifetime, to improve pure TiO2
The photocatalytic activity of whole block material.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1, TiO prepared by the present invention2/ graphene composite material light abstraction width is wider, have efficient Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Production,
The performance of light degradation organic matter；And TiO2/ graphene composite material also has repeatability and excellent stability well.
2, the characteristics of promoting electronics transfer and exposure high-energy surface present invention incorporates Multiple heterostructures, to realize that efficiency light is urged
Change production hydrogen and light degradation organic pollution.
3, preparation method of the invention is easy to operate, the reaction time is shorter, the uniform reunion of crystal particle scale is less.
Description of the drawings
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows lamella TiO in the embodiment of the present invention 12The XRD diagram of/RGO composite materials.
Fig. 2 shows lamella TiO in the embodiment of the present invention 12UV, visible light figure.
Fig. 3 shows lamella TiO in the embodiment of the present invention 12The UV, visible light figure of/RGO composite materials.
Fig. 4 shows lamella TiO in the embodiment of the present invention 12The transmission electron microscope picture of/RGO composite materials.
Fig. 5 shows spherical TiO in the embodiment of the present invention 42The transmission electron microscope picture of/RGO composite materials.
Specific implementation mode
In order to illustrate more clearly of the present invention, the present invention is done further with reference to preferred embodiments and drawings
It is bright.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that specifically described content is illustrative and be not restrictive below, it should not be with this
It limits the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of polymer induction graphene growth lamella TiO2The method of photochemical catalyst, includes the following steps：
1) using graphene oxide as raw material, graphene is prepared using oxidation-reduction method；
2) 10mg graphenes and 20mg distilled water are mixed and is carried out ultrasonic agitation 15min, obtain graphene dispersing solution；
3) under the conditions of ice-water bath, the aniline of the lauryl sodium sulfate of 5mg and 50mg is added to graphene dispersing solution
In, it is then mixed, obtains the first mixed liquor；
4) under the conditions of ice-water bath, 0.5mL titanium tetrachlorides is dissolved in 0.6mL concentrated hydrochloric acids, 15min is then stirred, obtain
Two mixed liquors；
5) under the conditions of ice-water bath, 30min is mixed in second mixed liquor and 70mg potassium peroxydisulfates, it is mixed to obtain third
Close liquid；The third mixed liquor is slowly dropped into the first mixed liquor, is moved on in hydrothermal reaction kettle after then stirring evenly, in
Hydro-thermal reaction 18h under the conditions of 150 DEG C；Product is centrifuged after reaction, is then respectively washed twice, in 60 with ethyl alcohol and acetone
DEG C dry 4h, smashes to obtain TiO2/ graphene composite material.
In conjunction with Fig. 1 XRD it is found that TiO2The Anatase of/graphene composite material is titanium dioxide, and anatase content is big
In 90%.
In conjunction with Fig. 4 transmission electron microscope picture it is found that TiO2TiO in/graphene composite material2It is two-dimensional sheet structure.
In conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 UV, visible light figure it is found that pure TiO2And TiO2/ graphene composite material can absorb 90%
Visible light.
Embodiment 2
A kind of rodlike TiO of polymer induction graphene growth2The method of photochemical catalyst, method is the same as embodiment 1, difference
It is：
Step 3) is added to graphene point under the conditions of ice-water bath, by the thiophene of the lauryl sodium sulfate of 5mg and 50mg
It in dispersion liquid, is then mixed, obtains the first mixed liquor；
The time of hydro-thermal reaction is for 24 hours in step 5).
Embodiment 3
A kind of flower-shaped TiO of polymer induction graphene growth2The method of photochemical catalyst, method is the same as embodiment 1, difference
It is：
Step 3) is added to graphene point under the conditions of ice-water bath, by the thiophene of the lauryl sodium sulfate of 5mg and 100mg
It in dispersion liquid, is then mixed, obtains the first mixed liquor；
The time of hydro-thermal reaction is 36h in step 5).
Embodiment 4
A kind of spherical TiO of polymer induction graphene growth2The method of photochemical catalyst, method is the same as embodiment 1, difference
It is：
Step 3) is added to graphene point under the conditions of ice-water bath, by the pyrroles of the lauryl sodium sulfate of 5mg and 50mg
It in dispersion liquid, is then mixed, obtains the first mixed liquor；
The time of hydro-thermal reaction is for 24 hours in step 5).
Embodiment 5
A kind of polymer induction graphene growth quantum dot TiO2The method of photochemical catalyst, method with embodiment 1, difference
Be in：
Step 3) is added to graphene point under the conditions of ice-water bath, by the pyrroles of the lauryl sodium sulfate of 5mg and 100mg
It in dispersion liquid, is then mixed, obtains the first mixed liquor；
The time of hydro-thermal reaction is 36h in step 5).
Embodiment 6-11
A kind of polymer induction graphene growth TiO2The method of photochemical catalyst, with embodiment 1, difference exists method
In：The mass ratio of graphene and distilled water is respectively 1 in step 2):1000,1:3000,1:5000,1:7000,1:9000,1:
10000。
Embodiment 12-17
A kind of polymer induction graphene growth TiO2The method of photochemical catalyst, with embodiment 1, difference exists method
In：The mass ratio of lauryl sodium sulfate and distilled water is respectively 1 in step 3):1000,1:3000,1:5000,1:7000,1:
9000、1:10000。
Embodiment 18-23
A kind of polymer induction graphene growth TiO2The method of photochemical catalyst, with embodiment 1, difference exists method
In：The mass ratio of titanium tetrachloride and concentrated hydrochloric acid is respectively 1 in step 4):1,1:2,1:4,1:6,1:8,1:10.
Embodiment 24~29
A kind of polymer induction graphene growth TiO2The method of photochemical catalyst, with embodiment 1, difference exists method
In：The mass ratio of potassium peroxydisulfate and concentrated hydrochloric acid is 1 in step 5):1,1:10,1:20,1:30,1:40,1:50.
Embodiment 30~35
TiO is grown on a kind of polymer induction graphene2Light-catalysed method, with embodiment 1, difference exists method
In：The mass ratio of graphene and titanium tetrachloride is respectively 1 in step 4):0.5,1:1,1:1.5,1:2,1:2.5,1:3.
Embodiment 36
TiO is grown on a kind of polymer induction graphene2Light-catalysed method, with embodiment 1, difference exists method
In：Titanium-containing compound is respectively metatitanic acid in step 4).
Embodiment 37
TiO is grown on a kind of polymer induction graphene2Light-catalysed method, with embodiment 1, difference exists method
In：Titanium-containing compound is respectively butyl titanate in step 4).
Comparative example 1
TiO is grown on a kind of polymer induction graphene2Light-catalysed method, the difference is that：It is not added in step 2)
Enter graphene.
Comparative example 2
TiO is grown on a kind of polymer induction graphene2Light-catalysed method, with embodiment 1, difference exists method
In：Polymer monomer is not added in step 3)
Comparative example 3
TiO is grown on a kind of polymer induction graphene2The method of photochemical catalyst, with embodiment 1, difference exists method
In：Dispersant lauryl sodium sulfate is not added in step 3).
Embodiment 38
TiO2/ graphene4Composite material is used for Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Production as photochemical catalyst：By the TiO of 10mg2/ RGO composite woods
Material is put into the aqueous solution of the sacrifice agent containing triethanolamine and stirs 5h, keeps its evenly dispersed, then maintains reaction system with condensed water
Temperature is room temperature, and is tested, and obtains that the results are shown in Table 1：
1 Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Production of table (full light) test result
2 Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Production of table (visible light) test result
It is demonstrated experimentally that TiO prepared by the present invention2The hydrogen-producing speed of/graphene composite material reaches 2.76-
13.81mmol·g-1·h-1, hydrogen output reaches 138-691 μm of ol.Also, the optic catalytic composite material has to be stablized well
Property, it can be recycled repeatedly.From Examples 1 to 5 as can be seen that different polymer monomers are added has very big shadow to H2-producing capacity
It rings, pyrroles>Thiophene>Aniline.From comparative example 1~3 as can be seen that being added without graphene so that polymer monomer and titaniferous chemical combination
Object cannot well disperse in a solvent, and product accumulation, cannot be uniformly compound at bulky grain, so as to cause hydrogen-producing speed and production hydrogen
Amount declines to a great extent；It is added without polymer monomer, can not achieve TiO2Prepared by morphology controllable, and affect catalysis material can
Light-exposed absorption declines to a great extent so as to cause hydrogen-producing speed and hydrogen output；It is added without the dispersant of neopelex, is gathered
Monomer adduct cannot well disperse in aqueous solution, cannot effectively and TiO2In conjunction with hetero-junctions is formed, photoproduction is limited
The transmission of electron hole, declines to a great extent so as to cause hydrogen-producing speed and hydrogen output.
Embodiment 39
TiO2/ RGO composite materials are used for photocatalysis degradation organic contaminant as photochemical catalyst：
By the TiO of 10mg2/ RGO composite materials are added to organic pollutant solution (such as methyl orange, methylene containing 10mg/L
Base is blue, rhodamine B) in stir 10-120min, keep its evenly dispersed, it is room temperature then to maintain temperature of reaction system with condensed water,
And tested, obtain that the results are shown in Table 2：
2 photocatalysis degradation organic contaminant test result of table
It is demonstrated experimentally that in 45min-90min, TiO of the invention2/ RGO composite materials can be degradable to methyl orange, sub-
Methyl blue can be degradable in 65-100min, and rhodamine B can be degradable in 80-145min.Moreover, the photocatalysis is multiple
Condensation material has good stability, can be recycled repeatedly.From comparative example 1~3 as can be seen that being added without graphene so that
Macromolecule and TiO2Presoma cannot well disperse in a solvent, and product accumulation, cannot be uniformly compound at bulky grain, to lead
The ability of degradable organic pollutant is caused to decline to a great extent；It is added without polymer monomer, can not achieve TiO2It is prepared by morphology controllable, and
Affect the ability of degradable organic pollutant；It is added without dispersant neopelex so that polymer monomer cannot be very
Good dispersion in aqueous solution, cannot effectively and TiO2In conjunction with influencing the ability of degradable organic pollutant.
Conclusion：The present invention confirms that a kind of polymer can induce the TiO of growth multiform looks on graphite by many experiments2,
By changing the condition of the amount and hydro-thermal reaction of addO-on therapy, TiO can be controlled2Pattern, in polymer, TiO2With RGO three
Synergistic effect under significantly improve the ability of photocatalysis performance and degradable organic pollutant, change any of which component,
Or additional addition any type component, all the photocatalysis performance of composite material can be made to have different degrees of decrease.Final
The TiO arrived2/ RGO composite materials have very high photocatalytic activity.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention may be used also on the basis of the above description for those of ordinary skill in the art
To make other variations or changes in different ways, all embodiments can not be exhaustive here, it is every to belong to this hair
Row of the obvious changes or variations that bright technical solution is extended out still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of polymer induction graphene growth multiform looks TiO2The method of photochemical catalyst, which is characterized in that including walking as follows
Suddenly：
1) graphene and distilled water are mixed and is stirred by ultrasonic, obtain graphene dispersing solution；
2) under the conditions of ice-water bath, dispersant, polymer monomer and graphene dispersing solution is mixed, the first mixed liquor is obtained；
3) under the conditions of ice-water bath, titanium-containing compound is dissolved in concentrated acid, obtains the second mixed liquor；
4) under the conditions of ice-water bath, second mixed liquor and initiator is mixed, third mixed liquor is obtained；By described first
Mixed liquor and third mixed liquor are mixed, and then carry out hydro-thermal reaction；It is post-processed after reaction, obtains TiO2/ graphite
Alkene composite material.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the titanium-containing compound is titanium tetrachloride, metatitanic acid, metatitanic acid
Four butyl esters or tetraisopropyl titanate.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the dispersant is lauryl sodium sulfate, di-2-ethylhexylphosphine oxide
Sodium naphthalene sulfonate, dispersing agent MF, sodium acrylate, Sodium Polyacrylate, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate or first
Base acrylate.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the initiator is potassium peroxydisulfate, sodium peroxydisulfate or over cure
Sour ammonium.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the polymer monomer is pyrroles, aniline, thiophene, benzene sulphur
Ether, polysulfur nitride, acetylene or phthalein cyanogen.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concentrated acid is concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid, the concentrated sulfuric acid or dense vinegar
Acid.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the temperature of the hydro-thermal reaction is 100-300 DEG C, hydro-thermal is anti-
The time answered is 5-48h.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mass ratio of the graphene and distilled water is：1：1000-
10000；The mass ratio of the graphene and polymer monomer is 1:0.1~50；The mass ratio of the dispersant and distilled water is
1：1000-10000.
9. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mass ratio of the initiator and concentrated acid is 1:1-50；Institute
The mass ratio for stating titanium-containing compound and concentrated acid is 1:0.1-10.
10. a kind of TiO prepared such as any the methods of claim 1-92/ graphene composite material is in Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Production and light
Application in catalytic degradation organic matter.
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