CN108722149B

CN108722149B - Method and device for treating acid gas

Info

Publication number: CN108722149B
Application number: CN201710240803.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孟凡飞; 彭德强; 王海波; 王璐瑶; 陈新
Original assignee: China Petroleum and Chemical Corp; Sinopec Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals
Current assignee: Sinopec Dalian Petrochemical Research Institute Co ltd; China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Priority date: 2017-04-13
Filing date: 2017-04-13
Publication date: 2021-05-04
Anticipated expiration: 2037-04-13
Also published as: CN108722149A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for treating acid gas. A method for treating acid gas by adopting the device is also provided. The method can produce NaHS products meeting the national quality standard while realizing the standard emission of acid gas, and organically combines the environmental control and the production process of chemical products into an integrated process. Compared with the prior art, the method of the invention can economically and efficiently treat the CO₂The acidic gas of the gas is pretreated, so that the energy in the process is reasonably utilized, and the energy consumption is greatly reduced; the whole treatment process is environment-friendly and reliable, and no three wastes are generated.

Description

Method and device for treating acid gas

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method and a device for treating acid gas, in particular to purification of acid gas containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide and resource recycling of pollutants.

Background

Refinery acid gas is a processing tail gas generated in the petroleum processing process, and the main component of the refinery acid gas is H₂S and CO₂. The acid gas of the refinery mainly comes from devices such as acid water stripping, recycle hydrogen desulfurization, dry gas and liquefied gas desulfurization and the like. The acid gas amount of large-scale refinery is larger (annual sulfur production is more than 5000 t/a), and the acid gas treatment device (such as Claus process and LO-CAT process) for producing sulfur is generally established for H₂And S is recycled. For medium and small refineries (annual sulfur production is less than 5000 t/a), the cost for building a sulfur device is lower due to small amount of acid gasThe acid gas is basically treated by combustion emission in most small refineries, the method not only wastes resources, but also generates SO₂Brings great pressure to environmental protection. Before 2012, the Standard for Integrated emission of atmospheric pollutants (GB 16297-1996) stipulates SO₂The discharge concentration is not higher than 960 mg/m³The latest emission Standard for pollutants for oil refining industry (GB 31570-2015) states that the SO in regenerated flue gas from catalytic cracking or process heating furnace tail gas from 7 months and 1 days in 2017 and 7 months in 2015 of the existing enterprises and from 1 day in 7 months and 2015 of newly-built enterprises₂Emission limit of 100 mg/m³(the special region limit is only 50 mg/m³) Acid gas recovery device SO₂Emission limit of 400 mg/m³(Special local Limit value is 100 mg/m³). Therefore, the acid gas treatment mode of the existing small refinery plant hardly meets the requirement of environmental protection. In order to protect the environment and ensure the full utilization of resources, the comprehensive treatment and the recycling of the acid gas of small refineries are imperative.

At present, the treatment of acid gas in refinery can be divided into products such as preparation of sulfur, preparation of sulfuric acid, preparation of sulfite, NaHS and the like according to different products prepared by recovery.

The preparation of the sulfur product mainly comprises two mature technologies, one is a two-stage Claus + tail gas hydrogenation reduction + solvent absorption process technology; the other is the LO-CAT process technology developed by Merichem gas technology products, Inc. of America. The two-stage Claus + tail gas hydrogenation reduction + solvent absorption technology is mature, the quality of sulfur products is stable, but the technology has no advantage for the treatment of acid gas in small refineries because the process is long, the investment is large, the energy consumption is high, the requirement on the safety control of devices is high, and the Claus technology can only treat acid gas with high concentration. LO-CAT Process Using Multichelated iron catalyst for H₂S is directly converted into elemental sulfur, and the method can be suitable for the working condition with large fluctuation of acid gas quantity, H₂The removal rate of S is high. This technique does not produce any harmful exhaust gas by-products and the environmentally safe catalyst can be continuously regenerated during the process. However, the LO-CAT has the disadvantages of high operation cost, slightly inferior sulfur purity and color compared with the Claus process, and in the production processThe produced sulfur particles can generate a blocking phenomenon, and the problems of higher catalyst and patent use cost and the like are solved, so that the technology is difficult to popularize in the acid gas treatment of small refineries.

The acid gas acid making technology can directly utilize acid gas to make acid, and has the advantages of low investment, low cost, strong adaptability and easy operation of production process. However, the production process of sulfuric acid is complex, the occupied area is large, and the transportation and storage of sulfuric acid have certain difficulty, which becomes a limiting factor. The technological process for producing sulfite by acid gas is simple, product diversification can be realized by adopting different absorbents, but the problems of serious equipment corrosion, higher maintenance cost, unsmooth product sale and the like exist in the production process, and the method has certain limitation.

The comprehensive utilization of acid gas can adopt the novel absorption desulfurization process with less investment to produce chemical product sodium sulfide (Na)₂S/NaHS). The sodium sulfide can be widely applied to industries such as mineral separation, pesticides, dyes, leather production, organic synthesis and the like. The refinery acid gas contains H in addition to₂The S gas also contains a certain amount of CO₂Gas, in the process for producing alkali sulphide, CO₂The gas can be mixed with raw material alkali liquor to produce Na₂CO₃/NaHCO₃Impurities cause the blockage of process pipelines in the production process, so that the production device cannot continuously run for a long period, and the problems of high alkali consumption, poor product purity and the like exist.

The NaHS production process and NaHS continuous absorption reaction production device disclosed in patents CN102765700A and CN102807193A are provided with two-stage absorption, one-stage alkali protection and one-stage adsorption processes, acid gas and alkali agent adopt a counter-current absorption mode, and finally, the solution is evaporated, concentrated and dehydrated, cooled, formed and packaged to complete the NaHS generation process₂The influence of the gas. CN103551018A discloses a method for purifying and recycling sulfur-containing tail gas, which utilizes barium sulfide to treat CO in gas₂Removing to obtain H₂The S gas can produce high-quality NaHS products, but barium sulfite and barium carbonate precipitates are generated, so that the processing is difficult. The one-step preparation method disclosed in patent CN1109020AMethod for NaHS, using a solid slurry of lime and sodium sulphate for CO-containing₂H of (A) to (B)₂S gas is treated, and calcium carbonate and the like are precipitated. The methods for preparing NaHS described in patents CN101186280A and CN101337661A also face the problem of waste residue treatment. Patent CN103754833A discloses a device and a method for producing NaHS by using refinery dry gas, which utilizes a supergravity technology to selectively desulfurize the dry gas to obtain 99% H₂The purity of NaHS produced by S gas can reach more than 42 percent, but the technology has long raw material gas pretreatment process, complex production device and higher regeneration energy consumption of rich absorption liquid. The NaHS production technologies described in CN103446849A, CN103466559A and CN103638802A also face the problems of complex flow, high amine liquid regeneration energy consumption in acid gas pretreatment and the like.

In summary, the treatment of acid gas in small refineries needs to comprehensively consider factors such as safety, environmental protection, economy and the like, so that a comprehensive treatment mode with short flow, less investment, simple operation, low energy consumption and operation cost and certain economic benefit is required.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for treating acid gas, which can produce NaHS products meeting the national quality standard while realizing the standard emission of the acid gas, and organically combine the environmental control and the production process of chemical products into an integrated process. Compared with the prior art, the method of the invention can economically and efficiently treat the CO₂The acidic gas of the gas and the hydrogen sulfide gas is pretreated, so that the energy in the process is reasonably utilized, and the energy consumption is greatly reduced; the whole treatment process is environment-friendly and reliable, and no three wastes are generated.

The invention provides an acid gas treatment device, which comprises a hydration reactor, a hydration decomposer, a primary absorption reactor, a secondary absorption reactor and a product tank, wherein the hydration reactor is connected with the primary absorption reactor; the acid gas feeding pipeline is connected with a gas phase inlet of the hydration reactor, a liquid phase outlet of the hydration reactor is connected with a liquid phase inlet of the hydration decomposer, a liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the hydration decomposer is connected with a hydrate working liquid inlet of the hydration reactor, a gas phase outlet at the top of the hydration decomposer is connected with a gas phase inlet of the primary absorption reactor, a gas phase outlet of the primary absorption reactor is connected with a gas phase inlet of the secondary absorption reactor, a gas phase outlet of the secondary absorption reactor is connected with a purified gas outlet pipeline, a liquid phase outlet of the primary absorption reactor is divided into two paths, the first path is connected with the product tank, the second path is connected with the product tank through heat exchange equipment in the hydration decomposer, a liquid phase outlet of the secondary absorption reactor is connected with a liquid phase inlet of the primary absorption reactor, and a liquid phase inlet of the secondary absorption reactor is connected with an, the outlet of the product tank is connected with the liquid phase inlet of the secondary absorption reactor through a pipeline.

In the above acid gas treatment apparatus, the acid gas feed line is provided with a compressor for ensuring that the acid gas pressure matches the hydration reactor operating pressure.

In the acid gas treatment device, the liquid phase outlet of the hydration reactor is divided into two paths, wherein one path is connected with the liquid phase inlet of the hydration decomposer, and the other path is connected with the working liquid inlet pipeline of the hydration reactor.

In the acid gas treatment device, the liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the hydrate decomposer is divided into two paths, wherein one path is connected with the hydrate working solution inlet pipeline of the hydration reactor through a pipeline, and the other path is connected with the liquid phase inlet of the hydrate decomposer through a pipeline.

In the above acid gas treatment apparatus, the first-stage absorption reactor and the second-stage absorption reactor are gas-liquid mass transfer reaction equipment, specifically, one of a bubble column reactor, a packed column reactor, an impinging stream reactor, a rotating bed reactor and a venturi reactor, and preferably, the rotating bed reactor.

In the above acid gas treatment apparatus, the hydration reactor is a device which is beneficial to gas-liquid mass transfer and has a good heat transfer effect, and the form is not limited, and may be one of stirring type, spray type, bubbling type, sieve plate type, packing type, supergravity or impinging stream type, and the like, and a reaction device using a liquid phase as a continuous phase is preferred.

In the above acid gas treatment apparatus, a cooler is provided on a connecting line between a liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the hydrate decomposer and a hydrate working solution inlet of the hydration reactor.

In the above acid gas treatment apparatus, the hydrate decomposer is a tower or a tank in which a heat exchange device is arranged, and the form is not limited, and preferably, a stripping gas inlet pipeline is arranged on the shell of the hydrate decomposer. The hydrate decomposer takes NaHS product liquid produced by the primary absorption reactor as a heat source of heat exchange equipment and is rich in H₂And (4) heating the hydrate working solution of the S gas, and returning to the product tank.

In the above acid gas treatment apparatus, the hydrate decomposition device preferably adopts a hydrate decomposition device having a structure comprising an upper head, a shell and a lower head, the upper head is provided with a gas-liquid mixer and a gas phase outlet pipeline, the lower head is provided with a liquid phase outlet pipeline, the interior of the shell is divided into an upper part and a lower part by a partition plate, the upper part and the lower part are respectively a hydrate heating section at the upper part and a hydrate decomposition and gasification section at the lower part, the hydrate heating section is internally provided with a heat exchange device, the shell of the hydrate heating section is provided with a hydrate-rich working liquid inlet pipeline and a liquid phase outlet pipeline, one end of the heat exchange device is connected with the hydrate-rich working liquid inlet pipeline, the other end of the heat exchange device penetrates through the partition plate and extends into the hydrate decomposition and gasification section, the hydrate decomposition and gasification section is internally provided with a heat exchange device, and the shell of the hydrate decomposition and gasification, the gas phase outlet pipeline of the hydrate decomposition gasification section is connected with the gas phase inlet of a gas-liquid mixer, the outlet of the heat exchange equipment in the hydrate decomposition gasification section is connected with the liquid phase inlet of the gas-liquid mixer through a pipeline, and one end of the heat exchange equipment in the hydrate decomposition gasification section is connected with the liquid phase inlet pipeline on the shell of the hydrate decomposition gasification section.

In the hydrate decomposer, a rupture baffle plate assembly is arranged in the hydrate decomposition gasification section and is arranged above the heat exchange equipment.

In the hydrate decomposer, a stripping gas inlet pipeline is arranged on the hydrate decomposition gasification section shell, the stripping gas inlet pipeline is connected with a stripping gas distributor, and the stripping gas inlet pipeline is arranged below the shell.

In the above hydrate decomposer, the heat exchange equipment is a dividing wall type heat exchange equipment, and may be one of a shell-and-tube type, a plate type, a sleeve type and a jacket type, and the shell-and-tube type heat exchange equipment is preferred.

In the above hydrate decomposer, the gas-liquid mixer is a gas-liquid mixer having a gas suction capability, and preferably a venturi type gas-liquid mixer. The gas-liquid mixer can realize gas-liquid mixing distribution through liquid injection and simultaneously suck released gas of the hydrate gasification section.

In the hydrate decomposer, the volume ratio of the hydrate heating section to the hydrate decomposing and gasifying section is 1/3-2/1, preferably 1/2-1/1.

In the hydrate heating section in the hydrate decomposer, the hydrate-rich working solution from the hydration reactor goes through the tube pass, the NaHS product liquid serving as a heat source is externally heated, and the liquid holdup is 1/4-3/4, preferably 1/3-2/3 of the volume of the hydrate heating section.

In the hydrate decomposer, the heat exchange equipment in the hydrate heating section penetrates through the partition plate and extends into the hydrate decomposition gasification section, and the outlet at one end of the hydrate heating section is connected with the liquid distributor, and the liquid distributor can adopt a liquid distributor known in the art, such as a nozzle and the like, so that the hydrate-rich working solution can be uniformly distributed, and the coverage area is the cross section of the whole hydrate decomposer.

In the hydrate decomposer, the rupture partition plate component can adopt any one of a packing structure, a wire mesh structure or a screen mesh structure, so that the liquid drops can be collided and ruptured from top to bottom, gas from bottom to top can smoothly pass through and cut the liquid drops, and the mounting position of the rupture component is arranged at the position where the spray area covers the section of the whole decomposer when the upper end nozzle works. The parameters of pore size, filling thickness, porosity, etc. can be determined by specific tests by those skilled in the art.

In the hydrate decomposition and gasification section, NaHS product liquid flows away from the pipe pass, the hydrate working solution is heated externally, and the liquid holdup of the hydrate working solution is 1/3-2/3, preferably 1/2-3/5 of the total volume of the hydrate decomposition and gasification section.

In the above hydrate decomposer, the stripping gas is any gas which does not react with the hydrate working solution, the acid gas and the subsequent NaOH solution under the operation condition of the hydrate decomposer, and may be one or more of low-pressure gas, nitrogen gas or inert gas. The volume flow rate of the stripping gas and the released high concentration H₂The volume flow rate ratio of the S gas is 1/10-2/1, preferably 1/5-1/1.

In the above hydrate decomposer, the stripping gas enters the bottom of the decomposer through the gas distributor, the cross sections of the distributor and the decomposer are maximally and uniformly distributed, so that the stripping gas and the working liquid flow in the opposite direction in the decomposer, and the distributor can adopt a distributor known in the art.

In the hydrate decomposer, the ratio of the liquid at the bottom of the hydrate decomposer circulated to the hydrate heating section by a pump to the liquid conveyed to the hydrate reactor for circulation is preferably 1/2-10/1, and more preferably 1/1-5/1.

The invention provides an acid gas treatment method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) the raw material acid gas enters a hydration reactor to react with hydrate working solution, and H in the acid gas₂S gas reacts with hydrate working solution to obtain H-enriched working solution₂The hydrate phase of S, and the treated acid gas is discharged;

(2) h-enriched fraction obtained in step (1)₂The hydrate phase of S enters a hydrate decomposer to exchange heat with NaHS product liquid from a primary absorption reactor, and H is enriched₂Decomposing the hydrate phase of S to obtain regenerated hydrate working solution and H₂S, cooling the obtained regenerated hydrate working solution, returning the cooled regenerated hydrate working solution to a hydration reactor for recycling, and feeding the NaHS product solution subjected to heat exchange into a product tank;

(3) h obtained in step (2)₂The S gas enters a primary absorption reactor and contacts with reaction generated liquid from a secondary absorption reactor for reaction, the NaHS product liquid obtained by the reaction is divided into two paths, the first path enters a hydrate decomposer to be used as a heat source, and the second path isEntering a product tank;

(4) and (4) allowing the gas phase treated in the step (3) to enter a secondary absorption reactor, contacting with alkali liquor and NaHS product liquid from a product tank for reaction, and discharging the residual exhaust gas after reaction treatment.

In the method, the pressure of the acid gas in the step (1) is matched with the operation pressure of a hydration reactor, the pressure of the acid gas is 0.1-3.0 Mpa, preferably 0.3-1.5 Mpa, and the pressure can be increased by a compressor when the pressure of the acid gas is insufficient.

In the method, the ratio (standard condition) of the amount of the hydrate working solution in the step (1) to the volume of the acid gas is 5-100L/m³Preferably 10 to 50L/m³。

In the method, the hydration reactor in the step (1) is a device which is beneficial to gas-liquid mass transfer and has a good heat transfer effect, the form is not limited, the hydration reactor can be one of stirring type, spraying type, bubbling type, sieve plate type, packing type, hypergravity or impinging stream type and the like, and a reaction device taking a liquid phase as a continuous phase is preferred.

In the process of the invention, H is utilized in the hydration reactor₂S and CO₂The gas forms the phase equilibrium difference of hydrate, and realizes the separation of mixed gas by controlling the generation condition. The operating conditions of the hydration reactor were: the pressure is 0.1-3.0 Mpa, preferably 0.3-1.5 Mpa, the temperature is 0-20 ℃, preferably 5-15 ℃.

In the process of the present invention, the H-enriched fraction obtained in step (1)₂The hydrate phase of the S is divided into two paths, wherein the first path enters the hydrate decomposer, and the second path returns to the hydrate reactor for recycling, so that the hydrate working solution has better gas storage and higher separation effect, and the working solution is ensured to have better utilization rate. Wherein the second path is rich in H₂Hydrate of S and H-enriched first path₂The volume flow ratio of the S hydrate is 1-50, preferably 5-20.

In the method, the regenerated hydrate working solution obtained in the step (2) is divided into two paths, wherein the first path is cooled and then returns to a hydration reactor for recycling, and the second path returns to a hydrate decomposer for recycling, wherein the volume flow ratio of the second path of regenerated hydrate working solution to the first path of regenerated hydrate working solution is 1/2-10/1, and is preferably 1/1-5/1.

In the method, H in tail gas of the hydration reactor in the step (1)₂The volume fraction of S is controlled to be 1-20%, and CO is controlled₂The volume fraction is higher than 80%, and the sulfur removal agent can be integrated into a refinery gas desulfurization system upstream of a refinery acid gas for centralized treatment.

In the method, the operation conditions of the hydrate decomposer are as follows: the pressure is 0.02 Mpa-2.0 Mpa, preferably 0.05 Mpa-1.0 Mpa, the temperature is 10-50 ℃, and preferably 15-40 ℃.

In the method, the temperature of the NaHS product liquid entering the hydrate decomposer from the primary absorption reactor in the step (2) is controlled to be 70-95 ℃, preferably 80-90 ℃, and is reduced to 25-65 ℃, preferably 35-50 ℃ after heat exchange.

In the method, the temperature of the regenerated hydrate working solution obtained by decomposing in the step (2) is controlled to be 0-20 ℃, preferably 5-15 ℃ after cooling, and the regenerated hydrate working solution is returned to the hydration reactor for recycling.

In the method, H in the gas released by the hydrate decomposer in the step (2)₂S volume fraction higher than 95%, CO₂The volume fraction is less than 5%.

In the method, the first-stage absorption reactor and the second-stage absorption reactor are gas-liquid mass transfer reaction equipment, preferably reaction equipment taking a gas phase as a continuous phase, specifically one of a bubble column reactor, a packed tower reactor, an impinging stream reactor, a rotating bed reactor and a venturi reactor, preferably a rotating bed reactor.

In the method of the invention, the operating conditions of the first-stage absorption reactor and the second-stage absorption reactor are as follows: the pressure is 0.02 Mpa-2.0 Mpa, preferably 0.1 Mpa-1.0 Mpa, the temperature is 70-95 ℃, and preferably 80-90 ℃.

In the method, the alkali liquor is NaOH solution, the mass concentration is 20-60%, preferably 32-48%, and the dosage of the alkali liquor is based on the H in the gas phase treated in the step (3)₂Adjusting S content by adjusting NaOH solutionThe input amount of the hydrogen is ensured to ensure that H in the exhaust gas treated in the step (4)₂S content of less than 10mg/Nm³And the NaOH solution is controlled not to be excessive so as to ensure that the NaHS product is qualified.

In the method, the volume ratio of the product liquid flow rate of the product tank reflowing to the secondary absorption reactor in the step (3) to the filling amount of the raw material alkali liquor is 1/2-10/1, and is preferably 1/1-5/1.

According to the method, NaHS product liquid obtained by the reaction of the primary absorption reactor in the step (3) is divided into two paths, the first path enters a hydration decomposer to be used as a heat source, the second path enters a product tank, and the liquid flow rate of the NaHS product entering the hydration decomposer in the first path is 1/3-1/1 of the total liquid flow rate of the NaHS product, preferably 2/3-1/1 of the total liquid flow rate of the NaHS product.

In the method, the hydrate decomposer is a tower or a tank body internally provided with heat exchange equipment, and the form is not limited. The hydrate decomposer takes NaHS product liquid produced by the primary absorption reactor as a heat source of heat exchange equipment and is rich in H₂And (4) heating the hydrate working solution of the S gas, and returning to the product tank.

In the method, the hydrate decomposer preferably adopts a hydrate decomposer with the following structure, the hydrate decomposer comprises an upper end enclosure, a shell and a lower end enclosure, a gas-liquid mixer and a gas-phase outlet pipeline are arranged on the upper end enclosure, a liquid-phase outlet pipeline is arranged on the lower end enclosure, the interior of the shell is divided into an upper part and a lower part through a partition plate, the upper part is a hydrate heating section at the upper part and the lower part is a hydrate decomposition gasification section at the lower part respectively, heat exchange equipment is arranged in the hydrate heating section, a hydrate-rich working liquid inlet pipeline and a liquid-phase outlet pipeline are arranged on the shell of the hydrate heating section, one end of the heat exchange equipment is connected with the hydrate-rich working liquid inlet pipeline, the other end of the heat exchange equipment penetrates through the partition plate and extends into the hydrate decomposition gasification section, heat exchange equipment is arranged in the hydrate decomposition gasification section, and a gas-phase, the gas phase outlet pipeline of the hydrate decomposition gasification section is connected with the gas phase inlet of a gas-liquid mixer, the outlet of the heat exchange equipment in the hydrate decomposition gasification section is connected with the liquid phase inlet of the gas-liquid mixer through a pipeline, and one end of the heat exchange equipment in the hydrate decomposition gasification section is connected with the liquid phase inlet pipeline on the shell of the hydrate decomposition gasification section.

In the above hydrate decomposer, the gas-liquid mixer is a gas-liquid mixer having a gas suction capability, and preferably a venturi type gas-liquid mixer. The gas-liquid mixer can realize gas-liquid mixing distribution through liquid injection and simultaneously suck the released gas of the hydrate gasification section,

In the method, the hydrate working solution is an aqueous solution added with an auxiliary agent, the auxiliary agent comprises an auxiliary agent A, the auxiliary agent A is one or more of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS), linear alkyl sodium sulfonate (LAB-SA) and Alkyl Polyglycoside (APG), and the mass fraction of the auxiliary agent A is preferably 0.005-1.0%, and more preferably 0.01-0.5%.

In the method, an auxiliary agent B can be added into the hydrate working solution, the auxiliary agent B is one or more of kerosene, diesel oil and silicone oil, and the volume ratio of the addition amount of the auxiliary agent B to water in the hydrate working solution is 1/5-2/1, preferably 1/3-1/1. When the auxiliary agent B is added into the hydrate working solution, an emulsifier is preferably added, the selected emulsifier can be a hydrophilic emulsifier to form a water-in-oil (o/w) type emulsion or a lipophilic emulsifier to form an oil-in-water (w/o) type emulsion, and the addition amount of the emulsifier and the mole fraction of water in the hydrate working solution are 0.5-3%.

In the method, the hydrate working solution can also comprise an auxiliary agent C, wherein the auxiliary agent C is one or more of N-methyl pyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, sulfolane, N-formyl morpholine and polyethylene glycol, and the mass fraction of the auxiliary agent C is 2-30%, preferably 5-20%.

In the process of the invention, the acid gas may be of various origins, preferably for H₂60-95% of S and CO₂The content is 5-40%, and the gas amount is 50-1000 Nm³Acid gas of small and medium-sized refineries.

Compared with the prior art, the method and the device for treating the acid gas have the following advantages that:

(1) in the process of the invention, H is used under different conditions₂S gas and CO₂The gas and water form hydrate, which has the characteristic of large phase equilibrium difference, and the hydration condition is controlled to ensure that H is generated₂The S gas and the hydrate working solution preferentially generate hydrate and enter a hydrate phase, CO₂The gas is enriched and discharged in the gas phase without generating or generating little hydrate, thereby realizing the purpose of enriching and discharging H in the acid gas₂S gas and CO₂First step separation of gases. The whole process has mild operation conditions, good separation effect, high operation elasticity, and can economically and efficiently treat the CO-containing gas₂The acid gas of the gas is pretreated, and the treated acid gas can be divided into high-concentration CO₂Gas (volume fraction > 80%) and high concentration of H₂S gas (volume fraction > 95%). Rich in H₂The hydrate of S gas molecule is decomposed in the hydrate decomposer and high-purity H is released₂S gas; NaHS production unit with high purity H₂S gas is taken as a raw material, and the NaHS product is produced through two-stage countercurrent absorption with the raw material alkali liquor.

(2) In the method, the adopted hydrate working solution is a multi-component compounded working solution, and through the compounding interaction among the auxiliary agent A, B, C, the gas-liquid interfacial tension can be reduced, the solubility and the diffusion coefficient of gas in a liquid phase can be increased, the hydrate can be ensured to have good fluidity, and the H content of the working solution is increased₂The dissolving and absorbing capacity of S greatly promotes the generation of gas-formed hydrate in liquid phase, effectively improves the generation rate of hydrate, increases the gas storage density of hydrate, ensures the fluidity of hydrate phase, and improves H₂S and CO₂The continuous and stable operation of the device is ensured while the gas is separated.

(3) The energy of the whole acid gas treatment process is reasonably optimized and fully utilized. The surplus heat of the NaHS product liquid is fully used for the decomposition of the hydrate in the hydrate decomposer, and meanwhile, the product liquid after heat exchange is used for backflow, so that the homogenization and control of the reaction temperature field of the NaHS production unit are realized, the system energy is reasonably utilized, and the energy consumption of the device is greatly reduced.

(4) The NaHS solution in the product tank is introduced into the secondary absorption reactor to realize the large circulation of the absorption liquid, so that the control on the retention time of the absorption liquid in the reactor is realized, meanwhile, the product liquid can be recycled as diluent, and the Na in the solution of the secondary reactor is reduced₂S concentration, Na prevention₂S is crystallized and separated out, and the long-period operation of the device is ensured.

(5) The invention provides a novel-structure hydrate decomposer, which is divided into two sections by a partition plate to carry out two-section efficient cascade heat exchange, reasonably utilizes the heat of the whole process, and arranges a gas-liquid mixer to carry out high-concentration H₂The S gas is mixed with the NaHS product liquid again to ensure that the NaHS product contains Na₂The content of S is less than or equal to 1 percent, and the product meets the national standard of industrial NaHS products required in GB 23937-2009. Simultaneously, the outlet purification of the secondary absorption reactor is ensuredIn the gas H₂S content less than 10mg/Nm³。

(6) The whole treatment process is environment-friendly and reliable, no waste residue, salt-containing wastewater and other three wastes are generated, the NaHS product meeting the national quality standard is produced while the acid gas is discharged after reaching the standard, the acid gas is changed into valuable, the additional value of the product is improved, and the environmental management is converted into the production process of chemical products.

(7) The multiple functions are realized by introducing stripping gas at the bottom of the hydrate decomposer: a. the gas stripping effect is realized in the hydrate decomposer, the gas phase partial pressure is reduced, and greater power is provided for the hydrate phase equilibrium breaking to release gas; b. the mixing degree of the liquid phase is increased, the heat exchange is better realized, and the released H is timely released₂S, the gas is brought out, and meanwhile, the wind power cutting of the gas on the liquid drops by the breaking assembly is increased, so that the liquid drops are better thinned, and the release effect of the gas in the liquid phase is improved; c. according to solver H₂The stripping gas is properly adjusted according to the releasing condition of the S gas, so that the gas flow of the gas can be stably released, the stability of the feed gas of a subsequent NaHS production unit is improved, and meanwhile, the adjusting means of the liquid-gas ratio of the NaHS production unit is enriched; d. reduce H in the released gas₂S and CO₂Concentration of gases, especially greater reduction of CO₂Gas concentration, greatly reduces and avoids Na₂CO₃/ NaHCO₃The influence of the formation on the system ensures the long-period, continuous and stable operation of the NaHS production unit.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method and an apparatus for treating acid gas according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrate decomposer in the method and apparatus for treating acid gas according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The method and apparatus for treating acid gas according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The invention provides an acid gas treatment device, which comprises a hydration reactor 4, a hydration decomposer 7, a primary absorption reactor 12, a secondary absorption reactor 14 and a product tank 22; the acid gas feeding pipeline 1 is connected with a gas phase inlet of a hydration reactor 4, the acid gas feeding pipeline 1 is provided with a compressor 2, a liquid phase outlet of the hydration reactor 4 is divided into two paths, one path 6 is connected with a liquid phase inlet of a hydration decomposer 7 through a pipeline, the other path 27 is connected with a hydrate working solution inlet pipeline 25 through a pipeline, a liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the hydration decomposer 7 is divided into two paths, one path 8 is connected with the hydrate working solution inlet pipeline 25 of the hydration reactor 4 through a pipeline, the other path 28 is connected with the hydrate working solution inlet through a pipeline, and a cooler 9 is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the hydration decomposer 7 and the hydrate working solution inlet pipeline 25 of the hydration reactor 4. The lower part of the hydrate digester shell is provided with a stripping gas inlet line 26. The gas phase outlet at the top of the hydrate decomposer 7 is connected with the gas phase inlet of the first-stage absorption reactor 12, the gas phase outlet of the first-stage absorption reactor 12 is connected with the gas phase inlet of the second-stage absorption reactor 14, the gas phase outlet of the second-stage absorption reactor 14 is connected with the purified gas outlet pipeline 15, the liquid phase outlet of the first-stage absorption reactor 12 is divided into two paths, the first path 20 is connected with the product tank 22, the second path 19 is connected with the product tank 22 through the heat exchange equipment in the hydrate decomposer 7, the liquid phase outlet of the second-stage absorption reactor 14 is connected with the liquid phase inlet of the first-stage absorption reactor 12, the liquid phase inlet of the second-stage absorption reactor 14 is connected with the alkali liquor inlet pipeline 16, and the outlet of the product tank 22 is connected with the.

As shown in fig. 2, the present invention further provides a hydrate decomposer, which includes an upper head 50, a shell 51 and a lower head 52, wherein the upper head 50 is provided with a gas-liquid mixer 36 and a gas-phase outlet pipeline 34, the lower head 52 is provided with a liquid-phase outlet pipeline 44, the interior of the shell 51 is divided into an upper part and a lower part by a partition 38, the upper part is a hydrate heating section 46 and the lower part is a hydrate decomposition and gasification section 49, the hydrate heating section 46 is provided with a heat exchange device 33, the shell of the hydrate heating section 46 is provided with a hydrate-rich working liquid inlet pipeline 45 and a liquid-phase outlet pipeline 37, one end of the heat exchange device 33 is connected with the hydrate-rich working liquid inlet pipeline 45, the other end of the heat exchange device 33 penetrates through the partition 38 and extends into the hydrate decomposition and gasification section 49, the heat exchange device 33 penetrates through the partition 38 and extends into the hydrate decomposition and gasification section, and the outlet at one end is connected with, 49 is provided with heat transfer equipment 47 in the hydrate gasification section, be provided with gaseous phase outlet pipeline 35 and liquid phase inlet pipeline 41 on the casing of hydrate gasification section 49, gaseous phase outlet pipeline 35 and the gaseous phase inlet of gas-liquid mixer 36 of hydrate gasification section 49 are connected, heat transfer equipment 47 one end in the hydrate gasification section 49 is connected with the liquid phase inlet of gas-liquid mixer 36 through the pipeline, and the heat transfer equipment 47 other end is connected with the liquid phase inlet 41 on the casing of hydrate gasification section 49, be provided with fracture baffle subassembly 48 in the hydrate gasification section 49, the fracture baffle subassembly sets up in the heat transfer equipment top. A stripping gas inlet pipeline 42 is arranged on the shell of the hydrate decomposition and gasification section 49, and the stripping gas inlet pipeline is connected with a stripping gas distributor 43.

The acid gas treatment method comprises the following steps: the acid gas from the acid gas feed line 1 enters a compressor 2, the acid gas 3 compressed by the compressor 2 enters a hydration reactor 4, and the reaction conditions of the hydration reactor 4 are controlled to ensure that H in the acid gas₂The S gas preferentially reacts with the hydrate working solution to be enriched into a hydrate phase, the treated acid gas 5 is discharged, and then the H-enriched gas is enriched₂One path 27 of S gas molecule hydrate phase is circulated back to the hydration reactor, the other path 6 is conveyed to the hydrate decomposer 7 to exchange heat with NaHS product liquid 19 from the primary absorption reactor 12, and H is enriched₂Decomposing the hydrate phase of S to obtain regenerated hydrate working solution and H₂S gas 11, and the obtained regenerated hydrate working solution is divided into two paths, wherein one path 8 is cooled by a cooler 9 and then returns to the hydration reactor 4 for recycling, the other path 28 is self-circulated to a hydrate decomposer, and the NaHS product liquid 19 after heat exchange enters a product tank; obtained H₂The S gas 11 enters a first-stage absorption reactor 12 together after being stripped by stripping gas from a stripping gas inlet pipeline 26, contacts with reaction product liquid 17 from a second-stage absorption reactor 14 for reaction, the NaHS product liquid 18 obtained by the reaction is divided into two paths, the first path 19 enters waterThe synthesizer is used as a heat source, and the second path 20 enters a product tank; the gas phase 13 obtained after the treatment of the primary absorption reactor enters a secondary absorption reactor 14, and contacts with the alkali liquor from an alkali liquor inlet pipeline 16 and the NaHS product liquid 23 from a product tank 22 for reaction, and the residual exhaust gas obtained after the reaction treatment reaches the standard and is discharged through a purified gas outlet pipeline 15.

When the hydrolysis reactor described in fig. 2 is used, the acid gas treatment method of the present invention has the following flow scheme: the acid gas from the acid gas feed line 1 enters a compressor 2, the acid gas 3 compressed by the compressor 2 enters a hydration reactor 4, and the reaction conditions of the hydration reactor 4 are controlled to ensure that H in the acid gas₂The S gas preferentially reacts with the hydrate working solution to be enriched into a hydrate phase, the treated acid gas 5 is discharged, and H is enriched₂One path 27 of the hydrate phase of S gas molecules returns to the hydration reactor for recycling, the other path 6 enters the tube side of the heat exchange device 33 in the hydrate heating section 46 of the hydrate decomposer 7 through a hydrate-rich working solution pipeline 45 to exchange heat with sodium hydrosulfide product liquid in the shell of the hydrate heating section 46, and H-rich gas subjected to heat exchange is recycled₂Hydrate phases of S gas molecules are uniformly distributed in a hydrate decomposition and gasification section 49 through a liquid phase distributor 39, hydrate working liquid drops sprayed by a hydrate heating section are collided and broken into finer fog drops/liquid drops through a breaking partition plate assembly 48, and the fine fog drops/liquid drops and gas (released gas and stripping gas) from bottom to top are cut on the breaking partition plate assembly 48, so that heat can be absorbed more favorably, and the gas can be released and taken away; the broken and cut fog drops/liquid drops fall down and further exchange heat through a heat exchange device 47, the liquid in the tube pass of the heat exchange device 47 is NaHS product liquid 19 which enters a primary absorption reactor 12 in the tube pass of the heat exchange device 47 through a liquid phase inlet pipeline 41 on a hydrate decomposition and gasification section 49, the product liquid 19 after heat exchange enters a liquid phase inlet of a gas-liquid mixer 36 through a pipeline 53 and enters the gas-liquid mixer 36, and simultaneously, stripping gas is introduced through a stripping gas inlet pipeline 42 arranged on the shell of the hydrate decomposition and gasification section 49 to decompose and release H released by a hydrate phase₂The S gas is introduced into a gas phase mixer 36 through a gas phase outlet pipeline 35 of a hydrate decomposition gasification section 49 to enter with the NaHS product liquid 19 after heat exchangeOne-step reaction, Na contained in NaHS product liquid 19₂S is further with H₂S gas reacts to ensure Na in the obtained NaHS product liquid₂The S content meets the standard and the liquid phase obtained in the hydrate heating section 46 is sent to the product tank via the liquid phase outlet line 37. The phase equilibrium partial pressure of the system can be reduced and H can be increased by introducing stripping gas₂S is a phase equilibrium driving force for gas hydrate decomposition; the liquid in the shell of the hydrate decomposition gasification section 49 is divided into two paths after passing through the liquid phase outlet 44, wherein one path 28 circulates to the hydrate heating section 46, and the other path 8 is cooled by the cooler 9 and then is conveyed to the hydration reactor 4 for recycling. Gas in the hydrate heating section 46 is discharged through a gas phase outlet pipeline 34 and sent to a primary absorption reactor for treatment, the gas is contacted with reaction product liquid 17 from a secondary absorption reactor 14 for reaction, NaHS product liquid 18 obtained by the reaction is divided into two paths, the first path 19 enters a hydrate decomposer to be used as a heat source, and the second path 20 enters a product tank; the gas phase 13 obtained after the treatment of the primary absorption reactor enters a secondary absorption reactor 14, and contacts with the alkali liquor from an alkali liquor inlet pipeline 16 and the NaHS product liquid 23 from a product tank 22 for reaction, and the residual exhaust gas obtained after the reaction treatment reaches the standard and is discharged through a purified gas outlet pipeline 15.

Example 1

The amount of acid gas in a certain refinery is Q =400Nm³H, pressure 0.7MPa, where H₂S volume fraction of 84%, CO₂The volume fraction is 15%, and the rest is hydrocarbons and the like. The acid gas is treated by the treatment method and the treatment device shown in FIG. 1. The hydration decomposer adopts a conventional tank structure with heat exchange equipment arranged inside, and a stripping gas inlet pipeline is arranged on a shell of the hydration decomposer.

The operating conditions and treatment effects during the treatment were as follows: the hydrate working solution consists of water, SDS accounting for 0.03 percent of the mass fraction of the aqueous solution, polyethylene glycol accounting for 12 percent of the mass fraction of the aqueous solution, diesel oil accounting for 1/2 percent of the volume ratio of the diesel oil to the water and span (sorbitan fatty acid ester) emulsifier accounting for 0.8 percent of the molar ratio of the span to the water. The acid gas is pressurized to 1.2Mpa by a compressor and then is introduced into a hydration reactor, and reacts with hydrate working solution in the hydration reactorThe reaction conditions are as follows: the pressure is 1.2Mpa, the temperature is 8 ℃, and the dosage of the working solution is 8m³H is used as the reference value. In the hydration reactor, H₂S gas preferentially forms hydrate with the working fluid to be enriched into hydrate phase, CO₂And the inert gas is enriched in gas phase and discharged as tail gas, and CO in the tail gas₂The concentration was 83%. Rich in H₂And (3) conveying the hydrate phase of the S gas molecules to a hydrate decomposer, wherein the operation condition of the hydrate decomposer is as follows: the pressure is 0.3Mpa, the temperature is 23 ℃, the bottom stripping gas adopts nitrogen, and the flow rate is 90Nm³H is used as the reference value. In the hydrate decomposer, hydrate phase is broken down to release high-concentration H₂The S gas enters the NaHS production unit along with the nitrogen, wherein the CO₂The concentration is less than 3 percent, and the decomposed hydrate working solution is cooled to 8 ℃ by a heat exchanger and returns to the hydration reactor for recycling. High concentration of H released in hydrate decomposer₂And the S gas sequentially passes through the primary absorption reactor and the secondary absorption reactor, and is in countercurrent contact with 45% NaOH alkali liquor for reaction. Wherein, the operation conditions of the first-stage absorption reactor are as follows: the pressure is 0.3Mpa, and the temperature is 86 ℃; the operating conditions of the secondary absorption reactor were: the pressure is 0.2MPa and the temperature is 90 ℃. The NaHS liquid phase product which is discharged from the first-stage reactor is at the temperature of 86 ℃, all enters a hydrate decomposer to be used as a heat source, and is cooled to 48 ℃ after heat exchange and enters a product tank. The product liquid flow of the product tank which flows back to the secondary absorption reactor as a large circulation is 3.2m³H is used as the reference value. The whole process in the embodiment can produce NaHS product with mass concentration higher than 42% and Na₂The S content is less than 1w%, and the national standard of industrial NaHS liquid products required in GB23937-2009 is met; meanwhile, H in the exhaust gas after secondary treatment of the acid gas₂S content less than 10mg/Nm³。

Example 2

The difference from the example 1 is that the decomposer structure shown in fig. 2 is adopted, the volume ratio of the hydrate heating section and the hydrate decomposing and gasifying section of the hydrate decomposer is 1/1, the liquid holding capacity in the hydrate heating section is 1/2 of the volume of the section, the liquid holding capacity of the hydrate decomposing and gasifying section is 1/2 of the total volume of the section, and the rupture baffle plate assembly in the hydrate decomposer is of a screen mesh structure with the average hole diameter of 5 mm.

Because the optimized hydrate decomposer provided by the invention is adopted to carry out two-stage efficient cascade heat exchange, the heat of the whole process is reasonably utilized, the working solution can be decomposed (regenerated) more completely under the same hydrate decomposition operating condition as that of the embodiment 1, and the consumption of the hydrate working solution can be reduced to 6.5m when the same effect as that of the embodiment 1 is achieved³The cooling energy consumption of the regenerated absorption liquid is reduced by about 20 percent; the upper end socket of the preferable hydrate decomposer provided by the invention is provided with a gas-liquid mixer for mixing high-concentration H₂The S gas is forcibly mixed with the NaHS product liquid again, and the NaHS product contains Na₂The S content can be reduced to below 0.5 wt%, and the product can be directly used as raw material of NaHS solid high-grade product.

Example 3

The method is the same as the example 2, except that the adopted hydrate working solution consists of water, SDS accounting for 0.03 percent of the mass fraction of the aqueous solution, diesel oil with 1/2 of the volume ratio of the water and span emulsifier with 0.8 percent of the molar ratio of the water.

CO in tail gas after hydration reactor treatment under the same hydrate reactor operating conditions as in example 2₂The concentration is about 75 percent; after the hydrate-rich working solution is treated by the hydrate decomposer, CO in the gas₂The concentration is about 5 percent, and CO is increased₂Formation of Na₂CO₃/ NaHCO₃And the influence of substances on the continuous and stable operation of the NaHS production unit increases the operation difficulty of the device in long-period operation.

Claims

1. An acid gas treatment device comprises a hydration reactor, a hydration decomposer, a primary absorption reactor, a secondary absorption reactor and a product tank; the acid gas feeding pipeline is connected with a gas phase inlet of the hydration reactor, a liquid phase outlet of the hydration reactor is connected with a liquid phase inlet of the hydration decomposer, a liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the hydration decomposer is connected with a hydrate working liquid inlet of the hydration reactor, a gas phase outlet at the top of the hydration decomposer is connected with a gas phase inlet of the primary absorption reactor, a gas phase outlet of the primary absorption reactor is connected with a gas phase inlet of the secondary absorption reactor, a gas phase outlet of the secondary absorption reactor is connected with a purified gas outlet pipeline, a liquid phase outlet of the primary absorption reactor is divided into two paths, the first path is connected with the product tank, the second path is connected with the product tank through heat exchange equipment in the hydration decomposer, a liquid phase outlet of the secondary absorption reactor is connected with a liquid phase inlet of the primary absorption reactor, and a liquid phase inlet of the secondary absorption reactor is connected with an, the outlet of the product tank is connected with the liquid phase inlet of the secondary absorption reactor through a pipeline.

2. The acid gas treatment plant of claim 1 wherein the acid gas feed line includes a compressor for ensuring that the acid gas pressure matches the hydration reactor operating pressure.

3. The acid gas treatment plant of claim 1 wherein the primary and secondary absorption reactors are gas-liquid mass transfer reaction equipment.

4. The acid gas treatment plant of claim 3, wherein the primary absorption reactor and the secondary absorption reactor are one of a bubble column reactor, a packed column reactor, an impinging stream reactor, a rotating bed reactor, and a venturi reactor.

5. The acid gas treatment plant of claim 4 wherein the primary and secondary absorption reactors are rotating bed reactors.

6. The acid gas treatment device according to claim 1, wherein a cooler is arranged on a connecting line of a liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the hydrate decomposer and a hydrate working solution inlet of the hydration reactor.

7. The acid gas treatment plant according to claim 1, wherein the hydrate decomposer is a tower or a tank body in which a heat exchange device is arranged.

8. An acid gas treatment plant according to claim 1 or 7 wherein a stripping gas inlet line is provided on the hydrator housing.

9. The acid gas treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the hydrate decomposer comprises an upper end enclosure, a shell and a lower end enclosure, wherein a gas-liquid mixer and a gas-phase outlet pipeline are arranged on the upper end enclosure, a liquid-phase outlet pipeline is arranged on the lower end enclosure, the interior of the shell is divided into an upper part and a lower part through a partition plate, the upper part is a hydrate heating section at the upper part and the lower part is a hydrate decomposition and gasification section at the lower part, heat exchange equipment is arranged in the hydrate heating section, a hydrate-rich working liquid inlet pipeline and a liquid-phase outlet pipeline are arranged on the shell of the hydrate heating section, one end of the heat exchange equipment is connected with the hydrate-rich working liquid inlet pipeline, the other end of the heat exchange equipment penetrates through the partition plate and extends into the hydrate decomposition and gasification section, heat exchange equipment is arranged in the hydrate decomposition and gasification section, and a gas-, the gas phase outlet pipeline of the hydrate decomposition gasification section is connected with the gas phase inlet of a gas-liquid mixer, the outlet of the heat exchange equipment in the hydrate decomposition gasification section is connected with the liquid phase inlet of the gas-liquid mixer through a pipeline, and one end of the heat exchange equipment in the hydrate decomposition gasification section is connected with the liquid phase inlet pipeline on the shell of the hydrate decomposition gasification section.

10. The acid gas treatment plant according to claim 9, wherein a burst disk assembly is disposed within the hydrate de-gasification stage, the burst disk assembly being disposed above the heat exchange apparatus.

11. The acid gas treatment plant of claim 9 wherein the shell of the hydrate decomposition gasification stage is provided with a stripping gas inlet line connected to a stripping gas distributor, the stripping gas inlet line being disposed below the shell.

12. The acid gas treatment plant of claim 9 wherein the heat exchange means is a dividing wall heat exchange means.

13. An acid gas treatment plant according to claim 9 or 12 wherein the heat exchange means is one of shell and tube, plate, sleeve and jacketed.

14. An acid gas treatment plant according to claim 9 or 12 wherein the heat exchange means is shell and tube heat exchange means.

15. The acid gas treatment apparatus of claim 9, wherein the gas-liquid mixer is a gas-liquid mixer having a pumping capability for the gas.

16. An acid gas treatment apparatus according to claim 9 or 15, wherein the gas-liquid mixer is a venturi-type gas-liquid mixer.

17. The acid gas treatment device according to claim 9, wherein the volume ratio of the hydrate heating section to the hydrate decomposition and gasification section is 1/3-2/1.

18. The acid gas treatment device according to claim 9 or 17, wherein the volume ratio of the hydrate heating section to the hydrate decomposition and gasification section is 1/2-1/1.

19. The acid gas treatment device according to claim 9, wherein in the hydrate heating section, the hydrate-rich working fluid from the hydration reactor is taken out of the tube side, NaHS product liquid serving as a heat source is heated externally, and the liquid holdup is 1/4-3/4 of the volume of the hydrate heating section.

20. The acid gas treatment device according to claim 9 or 19, wherein in the hydrate heating section, hydrate-rich working fluid from a hydration reactor is taken out of a tube side, NaHS product liquid serving as a heat source is heated externally, and the liquid holdup is 1/3-2/3 of the volume of the hydrate heating section.

21. The acid gas treatment device according to claim 9, wherein the outlet of the end of the heat exchange equipment in the hydrate heating section, which extends into the hydrate decomposition and gasification section through the partition plate, is connected with a liquid distributor.

22. The acid gas treatment apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the rupture disk assembly employs any one of a packing structure, a wire mesh structure, or a screen structure.

23. The acid gas treatment plant according to claim 10 wherein the burst disk assembly is mounted in a position such that the spray area covers the entire digester cross-section when the upper nozzle is in operation.

24. The acid gas treatment device according to claim 9, wherein in the hydrate decomposition and gasification section, NaHS product liquid flows away from a pipe pass, the hydrate working liquid is heated externally, and the liquid holdup of the hydrate working liquid is 1/3-2/3 of the total volume of the hydrate decomposition and gasification section.

25. The acid gas treatment device according to claim 9 or 24, wherein in the hydrate decomposition gasification section, NaHS product liquid flows away from a pipe pass, hydrate working liquid is heated externally, and the liquid holdup of the hydrate working liquid is 1/2-3/5 of the total volume of the hydrate decomposition gasification section.

26. The acid gas treatment plant of claim 11, wherein the stripping gas is any gas that does not react with the hydrate working fluid, the acid gas, and the subsequent NaOH solution under the operating conditions of the hydrator.

27. An acid gas treatment plant according to claim 11 or 26 wherein the stripping gas is one or more of low pressure gas, nitrogen or an inert gas.

28. The acid gas treatment plant of claim 11 wherein the stripping gas volume flow rate is related to the released high concentration H₂The volume flow ratio of the S gas is 1/10-2/1.

29. An acid gas treatment plant according to claim 11 or 28 wherein the stripping gas volume flow rate is related to the released high concentration H₂The volume flow ratio of the S gas is 1/5-1/1.

30. A method of acid gas treatment, the method comprising the steps of:

(3) h obtained in step (2)₂The S gas enters a primary absorption reactor, contacts with reaction generated liquid from a secondary absorption reactor to react, the NaHS product liquid obtained by the reaction is divided into two paths, the first path enters a hydrate decomposer to be used as a heat source, and the second path enters a product tank;

31. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 30, wherein saidThe volume ratio of the hydrate working solution to the acid gas in the step (1) is 5-100L/m³。

32. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30 or 31, wherein the volume ratio of the hydrate working solution used in the step (1) to the acid gas is 10-50L/m³。

33. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30, wherein the pressure of the acid gas in the step (1) is matched with the operation pressure of the hydration reactor, and the pressure of the acid gas is 0.1Mpa to 3.0 Mpa.

34. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30 or 33, wherein the pressure of the acid gas in the step (1) is matched with the operation pressure of the hydration reactor, and the pressure of the acid gas is 0.3Mpa to 1.5 Mpa.

35. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 30, wherein the hydration reactor is operated under the conditions: the pressure is 0.1-3.0 Mpa, and the temperature is 0-20 ℃.

36. A process for acid gas treatment according to claim 30 or 35, wherein the hydration reactor is operated at: the pressure is 0.3 Mpa-1.5 Mpa, and the temperature is 5-15 ℃.

37. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 30, wherein H in the tail gas of the hydration reactor of step (1)₂The volume fraction of S is controlled to be 1-20%, and CO is controlled₂The volume fraction is higher than 80%.

38. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 30, wherein the operating conditions of the hydrolyzer are: the pressure is 0.02 Mpa-2.0 Mpa, and the temperature is 10-50 ℃.

39. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 30 or 38, wherein the operating conditions of the hydrolyzer are: the pressure is 0.05 Mpa-1.0 Mpa, and the temperature is 15-40 ℃.

40. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30, wherein the temperature of the NaHS product liquid entering the hydrator decomposer from the primary absorption reactor in the step (2) is controlled to be 70-95 ℃, and the temperature is reduced to 25-65 ℃ after heat exchange.

41. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30 or 40, wherein the temperature of the NaHS product liquid entering the hydrator decomposer from the primary absorption reactor in the step (2) is controlled to be 80-90 ℃, and is reduced to 35-50 ℃ after heat exchange.

42. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30, wherein the temperature of the regenerated hydrate working solution obtained by decomposition in the step (2) is controlled to be 0-20 ℃ after cooling, and the regenerated hydrate working solution is returned to the hydration reactor for recycling.

43. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30 or 42, wherein the temperature of the regenerated hydrate working solution obtained by decomposition in the step (2) is controlled to be 5-15 ℃ after cooling, and the regenerated hydrate working solution is returned to the hydration reactor for recycling.

44. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30, wherein H is contained in the gas discharged from the hydrolyzer in the step (2)₂S volume fraction higher than 95%, CO₂The volume fraction is less than 5%.

45. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 30, wherein the primary and secondary absorption reactors are gas-liquid mass transfer reaction equipment.

46. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 30, wherein the primary absorption reactor and the secondary absorption reactor are reaction equipment in which a gas phase is a continuous phase.

47. The acid gas treatment process of claim 45 or 46, wherein the primary absorption reactor and the secondary absorption reactor are one of a bubble column reactor, a packed column reactor, an impinging stream reactor, a rotating bed reactor, and a Venturi reactor.

48. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 47, wherein the primary absorption reactor and the secondary absorption reactor are rotating bed reactors.

49. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 30, wherein the operating conditions of the primary and secondary absorption reactors are: the pressure is 0.02 Mpa-2.0 Mpa, and the temperature is 70-95 ℃.

50. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 30 or 49, wherein the operating conditions of the primary absorption reactor and the secondary absorption reactor are: the pressure is 0.1-1.0 Mpa, and the temperature is 80-90 ℃.

51. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30, wherein the alkali solution is a NaOH solution with a mass concentration of 20% to 60%.

52. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30 or 51, wherein the alkali solution is NaOH solution and has a mass concentration of 32-48%.

53. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 30, wherein the amount of the lye used is based on the amount of H in the gas phase after the treatment in step (3)₂Adjusting the content of S, namely ensuring H in the exhaust gas treated in the step (4) by adjusting the addition of NaOH solution₂S content of less than 10mg/Nm³And the NaOH solution is controlled not to be excessive so as to ensure that the NaHS product is qualified.

54. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30, wherein the volume ratio of the flow rate of the product liquid returned to the secondary absorption reactor from the product tank in the step (3) to the filling amount of the raw material alkali liquor is 1/2-10/1.

55. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30 or 54, wherein the volume ratio of the flow rate of the product liquid returned to the secondary absorption reactor from the product tank in the step (3) to the filling amount of the raw material alkali liquid is 1/1-5/1.

56. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30, wherein the NaHS product liquid obtained by the reaction in the primary absorption reactor in the step (3) is divided into two paths, the first path enters a hydrate decomposer to be used as a heat source, the second path enters a product tank, and the liquid flow rate of the NaHS product entering the hydrate decomposer in the first path accounts for 1/3-1 of the total liquid flow rate of the NaHS product.

57. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30 or 56, wherein NaHS product liquid obtained by the reaction in the primary absorption reactor in the step (3) is divided into two paths, the first path enters a hydrate decomposer to be used as a heat source, the second path enters a product tank, and the liquid flow rate of the NaHS product entering the hydrate decomposer in the first path accounts for 2/3-1 of the total liquid flow rate of the NaHS product.

58. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30, wherein the hydrate decomposer is a tower or a tank body internally provided with heat exchange equipment, and the hydrate decomposer takes NaHS product liquid produced by the primary absorption reactor as a heat source of the heat exchange equipment to enable the H-rich gas to be treated₂And (4) heating the hydrate working solution of the S gas, and returning to the product tank.

59. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30, wherein the hydrate decomposer comprises an upper end enclosure, a shell and a lower end enclosure, wherein a gas-liquid mixer and a gas-phase outlet pipeline are arranged on the upper end enclosure, a liquid-phase outlet pipeline is arranged on the lower end enclosure, the interior of the shell is divided into an upper part and a lower part through a partition plate, the upper part is a hydrate heating section at the upper part and the lower part is a hydrate decomposition and gasification section at the lower part, heat exchange equipment is arranged in the hydrate heating section, a hydrate-rich working liquid inlet pipeline and a liquid-phase outlet pipeline are arranged on the shell of the hydrate heating section, one end of the heat exchange equipment is connected with the hydrate-rich working liquid inlet pipeline, the other end of the heat exchange equipment penetrates through the partition plate and extends into the hydrate decomposition and gasification section, heat exchange equipment is arranged in the hydrate decomposition and gasification section, and a gas-, the gas phase outlet pipeline of the hydrate decomposition gasification section is connected with the gas phase inlet of a gas-liquid mixer, the outlet of the heat exchange equipment in the hydrate decomposition gasification section is connected with the liquid phase inlet of the gas-liquid mixer through a pipeline, and one end of the heat exchange equipment in the hydrate decomposition gasification section is connected with the liquid phase inlet pipeline on the shell of the hydrate decomposition gasification section.

60. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 59, wherein a burst disk assembly is disposed within the hydrate de-gasification stage, the burst disk assembly being disposed above the heat exchange apparatus.

61. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 59, wherein a stripping gas inlet line is provided in the shell of the hydrate decomposition gasification stage, the stripping gas inlet line being connected to a stripping gas distributor, the stripping gas inlet line being provided below the shell.

62. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 59, wherein said heat exchange apparatus is a dividing wall heat exchange apparatus.

63. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 59 or 62, wherein the heat exchange device is one of a shell and tube type, a plate type, a sleeve type, and a jacketed type.

64. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 63, wherein said heat exchange apparatus is a shell and tube heat exchange apparatus.

65. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 59, wherein the gas-liquid mixer is a gas-liquid mixer having a pumping capability for the gas.

66. The acid gas treatment process of claim 59 or 65 wherein the gas-liquid mixer is a venturi-type gas-liquid mixer.

67. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 59, wherein the volume ratio of the hydrate heating section to the hydrate decomposition and gasification section is 1/3-2/1.

68. The acid gas treatment method of claim 59 or 67, wherein the volume ratio of the hydrate heating section to the hydrate decomposition gasification section is 1/2-1/1.

69. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 59, wherein in the hydrate heating section, the hydrate-rich working fluid from the hydration reactor is taken out of the tube side, NaHS product liquid serving as a heat source is externally heated, and the liquid holdup is 1/4-3/4 of the volume of the hydrate heating section.

70. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 59 or 69, wherein in the hydrate heating section, the hydrate-rich working fluid from the hydration reactor is taken out of the tube side, NaHS product liquid serving as a heat source is externally heated, and the liquid holdup is 1/3-2/3 of the volume of the hydrate heating section.

71. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 60, wherein the rupture disk assembly employs any one of a packing structure, a wire mesh structure, or a screen structure.

72. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 59, wherein in the hydrate decomposition and gasification section, NaHS product liquid flows away from a pipe pass, the hydrate working liquid is heated externally, and the liquid holdup of the hydrate working liquid is 1/3-2/3 of the total volume of the hydrate decomposition and gasification section.

73. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 59 or 72, wherein in the hydrate decomposition gasification section, NaHS product liquid flows away from a pipe pass, hydrate working liquid is heated externally, and the liquid holdup of the hydrate working liquid is 1/2-3/5 of the total volume of the hydrate decomposition gasification section.

74. The acid gas treatment process of claim 61, wherein the stripping gas is any gas that does not react with the hydrate working fluid, acid gas, and subsequent NaOH solution under the conditions of operation of the hydratizer.

75. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 61 or 74, wherein the stripping gas is one or more of low pressure gas, nitrogen or inert gas.

76. The acid gas treatment process according to claim 61, wherein the stripping gas volume flow rate is related to the released high concentration H₂The volume flow ratio of the S gas is 1/10-2/1.

77. A process for acid gas treatment according to claim 61 or 76, wherein said stripping gas has a volumetric flow rate and a released high concentration H₂The volume flow ratio of the S gas is 1/5-1/1.

78. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 59, wherein the liquid at the bottom of the hydrate decomposer is circulated to the hydrate heating section through a pump, and the liquid quantity ratio of the liquid to be conveyed to the hydrate reactor for circulation is 1/2-10/1.

79. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 59 or 78, wherein the liquid at the bottom of the hydrate decomposer is circulated to the hydrate heating section through a pump, and the liquid is conveyed to the hydrate reactor to be recycled, so that the liquid volume ratio is 1/1-5/1.

80. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30, wherein the hydrate working solution is an aqueous solution added with an auxiliary agent, the auxiliary agent comprises an auxiliary agent A, and the auxiliary agent A is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, linear alkyl sodium sulfonate and alkyl polyglycoside, and the mass fraction of the auxiliary agent A is 0.005-1.0%.

81. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 30 or 80, wherein the hydrate working solution is an aqueous solution added with an auxiliary agent, the auxiliary agent comprises an auxiliary agent A, and the auxiliary agent A is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, linear alkyl sodium sulfonate and alkyl polyglycoside, and the mass fraction of the auxiliary agent A is 0.01-0.5%.

82. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 80, wherein an auxiliary B is further added into the hydrate working solution, the auxiliary B is one or more of kerosene, diesel oil and silicone oil, and the volume ratio of the addition amount of the auxiliary B to water in the hydrate working solution is 1/5-2/1.

83. The acid gas treatment method according to claim 80 or 82, wherein an auxiliary B is further added to the hydrate working solution, the auxiliary B is one or more of kerosene, diesel oil and silicone oil, and the volume ratio of the addition amount of the auxiliary B to the water in the hydrate working solution is 1/3-1/1.

84. The method for treating an acid gas according to claim 82, wherein when the auxiliary agent B is added to the hydrate working fluid, an emulsifier is added, the emulsifier is selected from a hydrophilic emulsifier or a lipophilic emulsifier, and the addition amount of the emulsifier is 0.5 to 3% by mole based on the water in the hydrate working fluid.

85. The acid gas treatment method according to any one of claims 80, 82 and 84, wherein the hydrate working solution comprises an auxiliary agent C, the auxiliary agent C is one or more selected from N-methylpyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, sulfolane, N-formylmorpholine and polyethylene glycol, and the mass fraction of the auxiliary agent C is 2-30%.

86. The acid gas treatment method according to any one of claims 80, 82 and 84, wherein the hydrate working solution comprises an auxiliary agent C, the auxiliary agent C is one or more selected from N-methylpyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, sulfolane, N-formylmorpholine and polyethylene glycol, and the mass fraction of the auxiliary agent C is 5-20%.