CN108718950A - The asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons adopt bamboo shoot cultural method - Google Patents
The asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons adopt bamboo shoot cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons to adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, the present invention is put in a skylight 2 processing by cut film to greenhouse 1 in mid-May, it only needs to replace primary new film in annual December, it does not need multiple epiphragma and takes off film, it can be realized as divulging information, supplementary light, whole year are not directly contacted with rainwater but can be kept the skin wet using rainwater；Without manually repeatedly taking off membrane cover film, save labour turnover；It avoids asparagus from contacting rainwater, receives more sunshines, and then improve asparagus color and luster, reduce and dissipate head rate, improve the factor of merit, it is final to improve asparagus quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to asparagus cultivation field, especially a kind of asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons adopt bamboo shoot cultural method.
Background technology
Asparagus cultivation mode is usually that foster mother's stem is stayed to cultivate, and Major Diseases are stem wilt, brown spot etc., mostly because female stem stay it is foster
Period, tender stem rainwater during gradual lignifying propagate germ, and intrusion stalk causes to fall ill.Therefore generally use facility is kept away
Rain is cultivated, physical control disease, reduces the usage amount of chemical pesticide, ensures product quality.
Since summer facility cultivation temperature is high, tender stem is blocked by facility and female stem, and light is few, and color and luster is partially light, leads to quality
Decline；After be improved to summer and take off film cultivation, autumn mother's stem stays support during again epiphragma take shelter from rain and stay stem, after female stem is stayed and is supported completely, then
The mode of film is taken off, ensures that light is sufficient.Its advantage is that asparagus light is sufficient, soil moisture is sufficient, and without irrigating, quality is good.Its
The disadvantage is that high labor cost, takes off membrane cover film and considerably increases contiguous plant management difficulty repeatedly.
Market need can rain shelter cultivation control disease and increase illumination, keep the skin wet, is aeration-cooling, improve quality,
The method for reducing cost, the present invention solve the problems, such as this.
Invention content
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons to adopt bamboo shoot cultivation
Culture method, the present invention carries out cutting film by the specific position to greenhouse, and controls the time for cutting film, taking off film, changing film, realizes and increases
Ventilation, keeps the skin wet and illumination, the purpose that whole year is not directly contacted with rainwater but rainwater can be utilized to irrigate improve asparagus quality；
It avoids manually expending problem caused by taking off membrane cover film repeatedly, reduces irrigation frequency, it is cost-effective.
In order to realize that above-mentioned target, the present invention adopt the following technical scheme that：
The asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, including following content：
One, seedling is cultivated,
First Year April sows seed by disinfection, vernalization after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
Two, transplant planting,
Soil is ploughed deeply, is applied fertilizer；
It is colonized First Year June, selects high 30cm, stem number to be colonized in 3~4 or more healthy seedlings, growing way is too high
When, cut off top, balled transplanting, uniline plantation；Water living is watered with after field planting；
Three, water receiving ditch is excavated,
It is colonized First Year August, water receiving ditch is excavated on the field among asparagus furrow, decomposed manure is applied into water receiving ditch
It is interior, cover soil；
Four, greenhouse is built,
Steel tube greenhouse is built after the clear garden of First Year asparagus in November, fertilising, soil disinfection, greenhouse north and south extends；
Five, epiphragma,
Mid-March early December to next year is capped Small plastic shed again in the greenhouse built, and late March to mid-May only covers
Awning film keeps going out bamboo shoot temperature daytime being 25~30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 15~20 DEG C；Mid-May is to caping mid-November
Film puts in a skylight, and removes skirt film, keeps ventilation in canopy；
Six, it cuts film and puts in a skylight；
Mid-May, the day window position corresponded to the water receiving ditch to row's skylight is respectively cut in the both sides of awning film by the end of November；
Seven, it is secondary that the stem four seasons is stayed to adopt bamboo shoot,
Annual early January to early April adopts Winter-Spring bamboo shoot from second year after field planting, selects stem thickness more than 1cm's mid-April
Spring bamboo stays foster mother's stem, adopts summer bamboo shoot mid-May to early August, and mid-August, autumn bamboo shoot of the selection stem thickness more than 0.8cm stayed foster mother's stem, and 9
The first tenday period of a month to the mid-November moon adopts autumn bamboo shoot；
Eight, fertilizer and water management,
Asparagus whole year heavy dressing organic fertilizer three times is to apply decomposed column fertilizer or commodity behind winter mid or late December clear garden for the first time
Organic fertilizer；It is after mid or late April spring stubble is stayed and supported, to apply decomposed column fertilizer or organic commercial fertilizer for the second time；Third time is early September,
Apply decomposed column fertilizer or organic commercial fertilizer；It is applied along a disk both sides trench digging；
Summer adopted during bamboo shoot in late May, and composite fertilizer was imposed every 30 days or so；After autumn stubble is stayed and supported, depending on plant
Growing way top dressing generally applied once-combined fertilizer every 30 days；
Nine, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control,
On the basis of clear garden, soil disinfection three times, foster mother's stem is stayed using taking shelter from rain, sprays female stem controlling disease, usability is drawn
Lure catches and kills pest；
Ten, it takes off film, renew film；
Annual early November all takes off film, and new film is changed after site preparation of applying fertilizer at the beginning of 12 months.
The asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons above-mentioned adopt bamboo shoot cultural method,
One, seedling is cultivated,
Disinfection：First Year April soaks 15min by the seed without Cotton seeds is once purged in 55 DEG C of warm water, then
At normal temperatures with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of aqueous solution seed soaking disinfection 2h, 20 DEG C~25 DEG C are put in after seed flushing
48h~72h is impregnated in water, is rinsed during seed soaking and is changed water 2 times~3 times；
Vernalization：It is wrapped up with multilayer wet gauze after Seed imbibition, the moisturizing vernalization under the conditions of 25 DEG C~28 DEG C rinses 1 daily
It is secondary~2 times, it can be sowed after 20%~30% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
Sowing：
Using feeding block seedlings raising, the garden mould for not planting asparagus is sieved, every cubic metre of soil uniformly admixes decomposed manure
10kg~15kg, the plastic nutrition bowl of loading 6cm × 6cm~10cm × 10cm is simultaneously spare by the whole reality of Nutrition Soil, also can be by commodity
Matrix is as Nutrition Soil.Per 667m2Crop field needs standby nutritive cube 2000~2500；
Sowing the previous day sprinkles profoundly water nutritive cube, simple grain program request, and depth is 0.3cm~0.5cm, broadcasts rear cover fine earth 0.3cm
~0.5cm spreads straw and moistening of watering, spring sowing should lid mulch, take Small plastic shed heat and moisture preserving；
After planting appropriate watering keeps bed soil moistening, 30% young shoot to throw off straw and mulch, nursery bed temperature in time after being unearthed
On 20 DEG C~25 DEG C of daytime, not more than 30 DEG C, 15 DEG C~18 DEG C of night is advisable, minimum to be not less than 13 DEG C, as the high 15cm of seedling
When~20cm, ventilation is taken not take off the method for film, seedling is made to adapt to external environment.
The asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons above-mentioned adopt bamboo shoot cultural method,
Two, transplant planting,
Transplanting ploughs deeply soil in first 10 days~15 days, applies decomposed column fertilizer 3000kg/667m2~4000kg/667m2, composite fertilizer
30kg/667m2~50kg/667m2, the company of being made into furrow width 150cm, high 20cm~30cm cultivating bed, be colonized ditch depth 15cm, 6m canopy
Whole four furrow；
It is colonized June current year, high 30cm, stem number is selected to be colonized in the healthy seedling of 3-4 items or more, when growing way is too high,
Cut off top, balled transplanting, uniline plantation.Line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 30cm~35cm, 1100 plants/667m of density2~1500 plants/
667m2, water living is watered with after field planting；
It is primary every ridging in 10 days after being colonized current year plant pumping tender stem, each 3cm, until blinding thickness 10cm on strain stem~
12cm。
The asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons above-mentioned adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, and skylight avoids press mold line position, adjacent two skylight it
Between interval one greenhouse arch distance.
The asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons above-mentioned adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, the company of the central point of skylight and the bottom end point of water receiving ditch
Line is perpendicular to ground.
The asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons above-mentioned adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, and the length of skylight is less than arch spacing, the width of skylight
For the width of water receiving ditch.
The asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons above-mentioned adopt bamboo shoot cultural method,
Seven, it is secondary that the stem four seasons is stayed to adopt bamboo shoot,
Annual early January to early April adopts Winter-Spring bamboo shoot from second year after field planting, selects stem thickness more than 1cm's mid-April
Spring bamboo stays foster mother's stem, adopts summer bamboo shoot mid-May to early August, and mid-August, autumn bamboo shoot of the selection stem thickness more than 0.8cm stayed foster mother's stem, and 9
The first tenday period of a month to the mid-November moon adopts autumn bamboo shoot；
The method that asparagus stays foster mother's stem is：Planting asparagus First Year does not harvest, and does not pinch, and allows it to grow naturally, second year
Starting harvesting stays foster mother's stem, biennial spring stubble to stay foster 2~3, and life in 3 years stays foster 3~4, stays foster 5~6 within 4 years or more
Root, autumn stubble second year start every plant and stay foster 10~15；Asparagus growing height wants in due course pinching to pinch in 1~1.5m, beats
Stake bracing wire built, ensures plant non-lodging.
The asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons above-mentioned adopt bamboo shoot cultural method,
Nine, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control,
On the basis of clear garden, soil disinfection three times, foster mother's stem is stayed using taking shelter from rain, sprays female stem controlling disease, usability is drawn
Lure catches and kills pest；
Clear garden, sterilization method are：When carrying out clear garden after spring bamboo, summer bamboo shoot and autumn bamboo shoot are picked, diseased plant, residual is thoroughly removed
Branch, is used in combination 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of aqueous solution soil disinfections；
Pest control method is：Foster mother's stem is stayed using taking shelter from rain, female stem, which stays, supports period using 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil
Or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 80% S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate emulsion prevention disease；Asparagus growth period sprays 5% chlorine worm benzene
Formamide suspending agent or the dispersible oil-suspending agent of 10% bromine cyanogen insect amide or 60g/L ethyl pleocidin suspension agent to preventing and controlling pest,
Noctuid class pest is trapped and killed using sex attractant in May~October simultaneously.
The invention has the beneficial effects that：
The present invention carries out cutting film by the specific position to greenhouse, and the position for cutting film faces water receiving ditch between two furrow of asparagus
Position, water receiving ditch is two rows of planting asparagus gap, and rainwater gets off to be not easy to be in direct contact asparagus；And water receiving ditch is asparagus organic fertilizer
At the lower fertilizer of material, the decomposition of moisture being supplemented with conducive to nutriment is easy for plant to absorpt；
The present invention controls the time for cutting film, taking off film, changing film, and the time for cutting film is the mid-May after the complete lignifying of female stem；
It waits for that early November all takes off film, changes new film after site preparation of applying fertilizer at the beginning of 12 months, temperature suitable in canopy can be kept in this way, increase logical
Geomantic omen point and illumination, improve the total output and the factor of merit of asparagus；
It avoids manually expending problem caused by taking off membrane cover film repeatedly, reduces irrigation frequency, it is cost-effective.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of sectional view of embodiment of greenhouse of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of stereogram of embodiment of greenhouse of the present invention.
The meaning of reference numeral in figure：
1 greenhouse, 2 skylights, 3 water receiving ditches, 4 asparagus furrow.
Specific implementation mode
Specific introduce is made to the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, including following content：
One, nursery
First Year April soaks 15min by the seed without Cotton seeds is once purged in 55 DEG C of warm water, then normal
Lower 50% carbendazol wettable powder, the 250 times of aqueous solution seed soaking disinfection 2h of temperature.Seed is put in after rinsing in 20 DEG C~25 DEG C water
48h~72h is impregnated, is rinsed during seed soaking and changes water 2 times~3 times.
It is wrapped up with multilayer wet gauze after Seed imbibition, the moisturizing vernalization under the conditions of 25 DEG C~28 DEG C, daily rinsing 1 time~2
It is secondary, it can be sowed after 20%~30% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
Using feeding block seedlings raising.The garden mould sieving of asparagus will not be planted, every cubic metre of soil uniformly admixes decomposed manure
10kg~15kg, the plastic nutrition bowl of loading 6cm × 6cm~10cm × 10cm is simultaneously spare by the whole reality of Nutrition Soil, also can be by commodity
Matrix is as Nutrition Soil.Standby nutritive cube 2000~2500 is needed per the crop fields 667m2.
Sowing the previous day sprinkles profoundly water nutritive cube, simple grain program request, and depth is 0.3cm~0.5cm, broadcasts rear cover fine earth 0.3cm
~0.5cm spreads straw and moistening of watering, spring sowing should lid mulch, take Small plastic shed heat and moisture preserving.
Appropriate watering after broadcasting, keeps bed soil moistening.30% young shoot throws off straw and mulch in time after being unearthed, and nursery bed temperature is white
It 20 DEG C~25 DEG C, not more than 30 DEG C, 15 DEG C~18 DEG C of night is advisable, minimum to be not less than 13 DEG C.When the high 15cm of seedling~
When 20cm, ventilation is taken not take off the method for film, seedling is made to adapt to external environment.
Two, transplanting
Transplanting ploughs deeply soil in first 10 days~15 days, applies decomposed column fertilizer 3000kg/667m2~4000kg/667m2, compound
The cultivating bed of fertile 30kg/667m2~50kg/667m2, the company of being made into furrow width 150cm, high 20cm~30cm, field planting ditch depth 15cm, 6m
Whole four furrow of canopy.
It is colonized June current year, high 30cm, stem number is selected to be colonized in 3~4 or more healthy seedlings, when growing way is too high,
Cut off top, balled transplanting, uniline plantation.Line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 30cm~35cm, 1100 plants/667m of density2~1500 plants/
667m2.Water living is watered with after field planting.
It is primary every ridging in 10 days after being colonized current year plant pumping tender stem, each 3cm, until blinding thickness 10cm on strain stem~
12cm。
It is colonized First Year August, excavates water receiving ditch 3 on the field between 4 centre of asparagus furrow, the size of water receiving ditch 3 is：
It is 20 centimetres wide, it is 10 centimetres deep, the decomposed manure of 1000kg per acre is applied in water receiving ditch 3, the soil after 2cm, First Year are covered
Bamboo shoot are not adopted, do not pull out stem, do not build greenhouse 1, pull out asparagus cane until First Year November, build greenhouse 1 and are applied fertilizer.
Three, build greenhouse
Steel tube greenhouse 1 is built after the clear garden of asparagus in November, fertilising, soil disinfection, 1 north and south of greenhouse extends.Lid greenhouse 1 at the beginning of 12 months
Film can build Small plastic shed since Zhejiang Province's winter temperature is relatively low in greenhouse 1, and greenhouse 1 is closed, such asparagus day temperature control
At 25~30 DEG C, night temperatures are controlled at 15~20 DEG C system.March next year, outdoor temperature daytime are 20 DEG C, and night is 13 DEG C or so
When, Small plastic shed film is thrown off, is only grown under the covering of 1 film of greenhouse, if temperature of shed is more than 32 DEG C, canopy mouth opening is aerated.Winter
1 epiphragma of greenhouse can improve asparagus growth temperature during spring adopts bamboo shoot, during harvesting in advance, increasing both production and income.
Four, epiphragma
Mid-March early December to next year is capped Small plastic shed again in the greenhouse 1 built, and late March to mid-May only covers
1 film of greenhouse keeps going out bamboo shoot temperature daytime being 25~30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 15~20 DEG C；Mid-May is to caping mid-November
Film, puts in a skylight 2, removes skirt film, keeps ventilation in canopy.
Five, film is cut to put in a skylight
Skylight 2 is cut out in 1 liang of side position of greenhouse, by taking GP-C622 canopies as an example, waits for that asparagus stalk is completely wooden in mid-May
After change, in the surface of water receiving ditch 3, i.e. the central point of skylight 2 is vertical with the line of the bottom end of water receiving ditch 3 point for the position of skylight 2
It is spaced the distance of a greenhouse 1 arch between ground, each skylight 2, avoids film-pressing line.
By skylight 2 be arranged the surface of water receiving ditch 3 be due to：First, it is herein two rows of planting asparagus gaps, under rainwater
To be not easy to be in direct contact asparagus；Secondly, herein exactly under asparagus organic fertilizer at fertilizer, moisture is supplemented with conducive to nutriment
It decomposes, it is easy for plant to absorpt.
The size and spacing of skylight 2 need to ensure that 1 film strength of greenhouse is not challenged, and rainwater cannot directly pour asparagus
On, as a preferred embodiment, the size specification of skylight 2 is：The length of skylight 2 is less than arch spacing, and the width of skylight 2 is water receiving ditch 3
Width.
Because the size of water receiving ditch 3 is：It is 20 centimetres wide, it is 10 centimetres deep, so the optimal size of skylight 2 is 40cm*20cm,
Press mold line position is avoided, being spaced 1 spring base between adjacent two skylight 2 is advisable, and by taking GP-C622 canopies as an example, is spaced between two skylights 2
80cm。
Six, secondary that the stem four seasons is stayed to adopt bamboo shoot
Annual early January to early April adopts Winter-Spring bamboo shoot from second year after field planting, selects stem thickness more than 1cm's mid-April
Spring stubble stays foster, adopts summer bamboo shoot mid-May to early August, mid-August selection stem thickness stayed more than the autumn stubble of 0.8cm it is foster, in September
Ten days to mid-November adopts autumn bamboo shoot；
The method that asparagus stays foster mother's stem is：Planting asparagus First Year does not harvest, and does not pinch, and allows it to grow naturally, second year
Starting harvesting stays foster mother's stem, biennial spring stubble that foster 2-3 roots, life in 3 years is stayed to stay foster 3-4 roots, stay within 4 years or more foster 5-6 roots, autumn
Female stem second year starts every plant and stays foster 10-15 roots；Asparagus growing height wants in due course pinching to pinch in 1-1.5m, and piling bracing wire is taken
Frame ensures plant non-lodging.
Seven, fertilizer and water management
Asparagus whole year heavy dressing organic fertilizer three times, is to apply decomposed column fertilizer 2000kg/ behind winter mid or late December clear garden for the first time
667m2~2500kg/667m2Or organic commercial fertilizer 1000kg/667m2；Be for the second time mid or late April spring stubble stay support after, apply corruption
Ripe column fertilizer 1500kg/667m2~2000kg/667m2Or organic commercial fertilizer 1000kg/667m2；Third time is early September, applies corruption
Ripe column fertilizer 2000kg/667m2~2500kg/667m2Or organic commercial fertilizer 1000kg/667m2；It is applied along a disk both sides trench digging.
Summer adopted during bamboo shoot in late May, and composite fertilizer 25kg/667m was imposed every 30 days or so2；It is stayed in autumn stubble foster
Afterwards, depending on plant growing way top dressing, generally every 30 Tian Shi composite fertilizers 20kg/667m2。
Ditch applying method is：The ditch that about 20 centimetres wide 10 centimetres of depths are opened among two row asparagus applies fertilizer in ditch, so
2 centimetres of soil is covered afterwards.
Eight, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
On the basis of clear garden, soil disinfection three times, foster mother's stem is stayed using taking shelter from rain, sprays female stem controlling disease, usability is drawn
Lure catches and kills pest.
Clear garden, sterilization method are：When carrying out clear garden after spring bamboo, summer bamboo shoot and autumn bamboo shoot are picked, diseased plant, residual is thoroughly removed
Branch, is used in combination 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of aqueous solution soil disinfections.
Pest control method is：Foster mother's stem is stayed using taking shelter from rain, female stem, which stays, supports period using 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil
Or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 80% S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate emulsion prevention disease；Asparagus growth period sprays 5% chlorine worm benzene
Formamide suspending agent or the dispersible oil-suspending agent of 10% bromine cyanogen insect amide or 60g/L ethyl pleocidin suspension agent to preventing and controlling pest,
Noctuid class pest is trapped and killed using sex attractant in October in May-simultaneously.
It is to prove that the size specification of skylight 2 is optimal：Length is：Width × 2 of water receiving ditch 3, width range are：Water receiving
The width of ditch 3 does following experiment：
Experiment one：
The size of water receiving ditch 3 is：20 centimetres wide, 10 centimetres of depth cuts out size on same greenhouse 1 and is respectively：Sample 1：40
× 10cm, sample 2：40 × 15cm, sample 3:40 × 20cm, sample 4:40 × 25cm, sample 5:40 × 30cm, sample 6：40×
35cm, sample 7:40×40cm；Cloth is covered on asparagus, if rainwater can directly pour asparagus, watermark can be left on cloth,
Observation watermark accounts for the area ratio of cloth；Catch basin is placed in water receiving ditch 3, the water accumulating volume of more each sample after rain；
| Watermark accounts for the area ratio of cloth | Water accumulating volume/L | |
| Sample 1 | 0 | 0.4 |
| Sample 2 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
| Sample 3 | 0.3 | 1.5 |
| Sample 4 | 2.3 | 1.8 |
| Sample 5 | 4.5 | 2.4 |
| Sample 6 | 6.1 | 3.2 |
| Sample 7 | 9.2 | 4.6 |
Table 1
As can be seen from the above table, when width is more than 20cm, the area ratio that watermark accounts for cloth is larger, and rainwater can be poured directly
On asparagus, Yield of Asparagus and quality are influenced；When width is less than 20cm, water accumulating volume is very few, and sunlight and air are also few, so 20cm is
It is optimal.
The yield of asparagus can be improved in order to prove the present invention compared to the secondary cultural method for taking off film of existing secondary epiphragma
And quality, do following experiment：
Experiment two：Be arranged skylight 2 coverage mode and secondary film and the Wheat straw mulching mode of taking off of secondary epiphragma to asparagus
The Experimental Comparison of influence；
Test site：Experiment is located at Hangzhou Jiahui Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. asparagus base
Test period：In April, -2017 in May, 2016
Experimental design：
The asparagus that the method for the present invention chooses field planting in 2010 is subjects, and it is whole with greenhouse 1 that the 2 formula epiphragmas that put in a skylight are arranged
Covering, the secondary film planting patterns of taking off of secondary epiphragma are handled for 3 kinds totally, and each processing sets 3 repetitions.
After the clear garden of asparagus on 16 days-November 30 November in 2016, fertilising, soil disinfection.December 21 film of lid greenhouse, big
Small plastic shed is built in canopy 1, greenhouse 1 is closed.On March 22nd, 2017, outdoor temperature daytime is 20 DEG C, when night is 13 DEG C or so,
Small plastic shed film is thrown off, is only grown under the covering of 1 film of greenhouse, if temperature of shed is more than 32 DEG C, canopy mouth opening is aerated.April 18
Behind the gardens Qing, start to stay foster mother's stem.The stage overlay film all same, bulk testing process stay stem phase and fertilizer and water management situation consistent.
Difference lies in：
Processing 1,1 Wheat straw mulching of greenhouse, May 12 removes asparagus skirt film, and caping film is aerated, starts to pick
Xia Sun；The gardens 8Yue15Qing start that foster autumn stubble, September is stayed to start within 5th to harvest autumn bamboo shoot, are continued until autumn bamboo shoot picking on November 6
Terminate.
Processing 2, put in a skylight 2 formula epiphragmas, May 12 removed asparagus skirt film, caping film, and 2 sizes that put in a skylight are 40cm*
20cm avoids press mold line position, the distance of a greenhouse 1 arch is spaced between adjacent two skylight 2, starts to pick summer bamboo shoot；August 15 days
Clear garden starts that foster autumn stubble, September is stayed to start within 5th to harvest autumn bamboo shoot, is thrown off after being continued until autumn bamboo shoot picking on November 6 complete
Portion's film.
Processing 3, secondary epiphragma is secondary to take off film, after May 12 spring stubble whole lignifying, throws off 1 film of greenhouse, starts to pick
Xia Sun；The gardens 8Yue15Qing, start to stay foster autumn stubble, and more than 1 film lid shoulder of greenhouse, other positions ventilations, September is thrown off greatly on the 5th
1 film of canopy starts to harvest autumn bamboo shoot, is continued until that November 6, the picking of autumn bamboo shoot terminated.
The method of the present invention compares as shown in table 1 with 1 Wheat straw mulching of greenhouse, the secondary film planting patterns of taking off of secondary epiphragma.Table 1 produces
Amount is that the average product in trial zone is converted into per mu yield.Shooting stage is that winter-spring season asparagus in 2017 goes out the time of bamboo shoot for the first time, is dissipated
When head rate is that on June 5th, 2016 to June 15, asparagus grew to 35 centimetres, asparagus spear dissipates head situation, the factor of merit in trial zone
On June 5th, 2016 to asparagus on June 15 grows to quality at 35 centimetres.
Table 2
As can be seen from the above table, for summer yield, since temperature is higher, the more secondary epiphragma of the 2 formula epiphragmas that put in a skylight two
Secondary film of taking off lacks 5.7kg, 87.7kgs more compared with Wheat straw mulching mode；For autumn yield, since the temperature difference is big, high temperature period plays logical
Wind acts on, and cool period can play certain heat insulation effect again, and therefore, putting in a skylight, the 2 more secondary epiphragmas of formula epiphragma are secondary to take off film height
23.3kg, 11kg high compared with Wheat straw mulching mode；For next year winter-spring season yield, since three kinds of different disposals upper one year are to photosynthetic
Effect and plant enter the time of rest period and cause different degrees of influence, lead to root disk Nutrient Absorption and storage degree
Difference, showing as in yield putting in a skylight, the 2 more secondary epiphragmas of formula epiphragma mode are secondary to take off the high 9.7kg of film coverage mode, more entirely
The high 51.1kg of journey coverage mode.In total output, being shown as putting in a skylight, the 2 more secondary epiphragmas of formula epiphragma mode are secondary to take off film covering side
Formula is high by 0.8%, high compared with Wheat straw mulching mode by 4.8%.
Next year Shooting stage situation is seen, it is earliest the 2 formula epiphragmas that put in a skylight, January 4 to average out bamboo shoot.Dissipate head rate and high-quality
Rate data analysis shows that 2 formula epiphragma mode of skylight and the secondary film coverage mode difference of taking off of secondary epiphragma are little, are superior to whole process and cover
Lid processing mode, wherein 2 formula epiphragma mode of factor of merit skylight are 9.8 percentage points high compared with Wheat straw mulching processing mode.
Rainwater is the Main Factors for inducing the diseases such as Asparagus Stem Blight, brown spot, and asparagus, which is taken shelter from rain, stays foster mother's stem that can reduce disease
Harmful generation makes asparagus spear non agricultural chemical residuum to reduce the usage amount of pesticide；1 film of greenhouse is generally possible to reflect centainly
Light, thus a kind of greenhouse is planted the sunlight absorbed relative to outdoor growth and is reduced.The present invention by the specific position to greenhouse 1 into
Row cuts film, and controls the time for cutting film, taking off film, changing film, realizes and increases ventilation, keeps the skin wet and illumination, whole year are not directly contacted with
It rainwater but can be kept the skin wet using rainwater, improve asparagus quality；Primary new film only need to be replaced in November within 1 year, it need not be multiple
Epiphragma and film is taken off, avoid manually expending problem caused by taking off membrane cover film repeatedly, reduces irrigation frequency, it is cost-effective.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the invention is not limited in any way above-described embodiment, all to be obtained by the way of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation
Technical solution is all fallen in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, which is characterized in that including following content：
One, seedling is cultivated,
First Year April sows seed by disinfection, vernalization after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
Two, transplant planting,
Soil is ploughed deeply, is applied fertilizer；
It is colonized First Year June, selects high 30cm, stem number to be colonized in 3~4 or more healthy seedlings, when growing way is too high, cuts
Go top, balled transplanting, uniline plantation；Water living is watered with after field planting；
Three, water receiving ditch is excavated,
It is colonized First Year August, water receiving ditch is excavated on the field among asparagus furrow, decomposed manure is applied in water receiving ditch,
Cover soil；
Four, greenhouse is built,
Steel tube greenhouse is built after the clear garden of First Year asparagus in November, fertilising, soil disinfection, greenhouse north and south extends；
Five, epiphragma,
It is capped Small plastic shed, late March to lid greenhouse mid-May mid-March early December to next year again in the greenhouse built
Film keeps going out bamboo shoot temperature daytime being 25~30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 15~20 DEG C；Mid-May to mid-November, caping film, was opened
Skylight removes skirt film, keeps ventilation in canopy；
Six, it cuts film and puts in a skylight；
Mid-May, the day window position corresponded to the water receiving ditch to row's skylight is respectively cut in the both sides of awning film by the end of November；
Seven, it is secondary that the stem four seasons is stayed to adopt bamboo shoot,
Annual early January to early April adopts Winter-Spring bamboo shoot from second year after field planting, selects the spring bamboo that stem thickness is more than 1cm mid-April
Foster mother's stem is stayed, adopts summer bamboo shoot mid-May to early August, mid-August, autumn bamboo shoot of the selection stem thickness more than 0.8cm stayed foster mother's stem, in September
Ten days to mid-November adopts autumn bamboo shoot；
Eight, fertilizer and water management,
Asparagus whole year heavy dressing organic fertilizer three times is to apply decomposed column fertilizer behind winter mid or late December clear garden or commodity are organic for the first time
Fertilizer；It is after mid or late April spring stubble is stayed and supported, to apply decomposed column fertilizer or organic commercial fertilizer for the second time；Third time is early September, applies corruption
Ripe column fertilizer or organic commercial fertilizer；It is applied along a disk both sides trench digging；
Summer adopted during bamboo shoot in late May, and composite fertilizer was imposed every 30 days or so；After autumn stubble is stayed and supported, depending on plant growing way
Top dressing generally applied once-combined fertilizer every 30 days；
Nine, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control,
On the basis of clear garden, soil disinfection three times, foster mother's stem is stayed using taking shelter from rain, female stem controlling disease is sprayed, utilizes sex attractant
Catch and kill pest；
Ten, it takes off film, renew film；
It waits for that second year early November all takes off film, new film is changed after site preparation of applying fertilizer at the beginning of 12 months.
2. the asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons according to claim 1 adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, which is characterized in that
One, seedling is cultivated,
Disinfection：First Year April soaks 15min by the seed without Cotton seeds is once purged in 55 DEG C of warm water, then normal
Lower 50% carbendazol wettable powder, the 250 times of aqueous solution seed soaking disinfection 2h of temperature, seed are put in after rinsing in 20 DEG C~25 DEG C water
48h~72h is impregnated, is rinsed during seed soaking and changes water 2 times~3 times；
Vernalization：It is wrapped up with multilayer wet gauze after Seed imbibition, the moisturizing vernalization under the conditions of 25 DEG C~28 DEG C, daily rinsing 1 time~2
It is secondary, it can be sowed after 20%~30% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
Sowing：
Using feeding block seedlings raising, the garden mould sieving of asparagus will not planted, every cubic metre of soil uniformly admix decomposed manure 10kg~
15kg, the plastic nutrition bowl of loading 6cm × 6cm~10cm × 10cm is simultaneously spare by the whole reality of Nutrition Soil, can also make commodity matrix
For Nutrition Soil, every 667m2Crop field needs standby nutritive cube 2000~2500；
Sowing the previous day nutritive cube is sprinkled profoundly water, simple grain program request, depth be 0.3cm~0.5cm, broadcast rear cover fine earth 0.3cm~
0.5cm spreads straw and moistening of watering, spring sowing should lid mulch, take Small plastic shed heat and moisture preserving；
After planting appropriate watering, keeps bed soil moistening, and 30% young shoot throws off straw and mulch in time after being unearthed, nursery bed temperature daytime
20 DEG C~25 DEG C, not more than 30 DEG C, 15 DEG C~18 DEG C of night is advisable, minimum to be not less than 13 DEG C, when the high 15cm of seedling~
When 20cm, ventilation is taken not take off the method for film, seedling is made to adapt to external environment.
3. the asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons according to claim 1 adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, which is characterized in that
Two, transplant planting,
Transplanting ploughs deeply soil in first 10 days~15 days, applies decomposed column fertilizer 3000kg/667m2~4000kg/667m2, composite fertilizer
30kg/667m2~50kg/667m2, the company of being made into furrow width 150cm, high 20cm~30cm cultivating bed, be colonized ditch depth 15cm, 6m canopy
Whole four furrow；
It is colonized June current year, selects high 30cm, stem number to be colonized in the healthy seedling of 3-4 items or more, when growing way is too high, cuts off
Top, balled transplanting, uniline plantation, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 30cm~35cm, 1100 plants/667m of density2~1500 plants/667m2,
Water living is watered with after field planting；
It is primary every ridging in 10 days after being colonized current year plant pumping tender stem, each 3cm, until blinding thickness 10cm~12cm on strain stem.
4. the asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons according to claim 1 adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, which is characterized in that the skylight is kept away
Press mold line position is opened, the distance of greenhouse arch is spaced between adjacent two skylight.
5. the asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons according to claim 1 adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, which is characterized in that the skylight
The line of the bottom end point of central point and water receiving ditch is perpendicular to ground.
6. the asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons according to claim 1 adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, which is characterized in that the skylight
Size specification is：The length of skylight is less than arch spacing, and the width of skylight is the width of water receiving ditch.
7. the asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons according to claim 1 adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, which is characterized in that
Seven, it is secondary that the stem four seasons is stayed to adopt bamboo shoot,
Annual early January to early April adopts Winter-Spring bamboo shoot from second year after field planting, selects the spring bamboo that stem thickness is more than 1cm mid-April
Foster mother's stem is stayed, adopts summer bamboo shoot mid-May to early August, mid-August, autumn bamboo shoot of the selection stem thickness more than 0.8cm stayed foster mother's stem, in September
Ten days to mid-November adopts autumn bamboo shoot；
The method that asparagus stays foster mother's stem is：Planting asparagus First Year does not harvest, and does not pinch, and allows it to grow naturally, second year starts
Harvesting stays foster mother's stem, biennial spring stubble to stay foster 2~3, and life in 3 years stays foster 3~4, stays within 4 years or more foster 5~6, the autumn
Female stem second year starts every plant and stays foster 10~15；Asparagus growing height wants in due course pinching to pinch in 1-1.5m, bracing wire of driving piles
Built ensures plant non-lodging.
8. the asparagus sun-roof epiphragma four seasons according to claim 1 adopt bamboo shoot cultural method, which is characterized in that
Nine, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control,
On the basis of clear garden, soil disinfection three times, foster mother's stem is stayed using taking shelter from rain, female stem controlling disease is sprayed, utilizes sex attractant
Catch and kill pest；
Clear garden, sterilization method are：When carrying out clear garden after spring bamboo, summer bamboo shoot and autumn bamboo shoot are picked, diseased plant, residual branch are thoroughly removed,
50% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of aqueous solution soil disinfections are used in combination；
Pest control method is：Stay foster mother's stem using taking shelter from rain, female stem stays support during using 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil or
70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 80% S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate emulsion prevention disease；Asparagus growth period sprays 5% chlorine worm benzene first
Amide suspending agents or the dispersible oil-suspending agent of 10% bromine cyanogen insect amide or 60g/L ethyl pleocidin suspension agent to preventing and controlling pest, together
When May~October using sex attractant trap and kill noctuid class pest.
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