CN108714694B - Ultrasonic vibration-additive manufacturing refined microstructure device - Google Patents

Ultrasonic vibration-additive manufacturing refined microstructure device Download PDF

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CN108714694B
CN108714694B CN201810564347.7A CN201810564347A CN108714694B CN 108714694 B CN108714694 B CN 108714694B CN 201810564347 A CN201810564347 A CN 201810564347A CN 108714694 B CN108714694 B CN 108714694B
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ultrasonic vibration
additive manufacturing
rear cover
vibration device
fixed
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CN108714694A (en
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王春举
郭斌
单德彬
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

An ultrasonic vibration-additive manufacturing refined microstructure device relates to an additive manufacturing technology and aims to solve the problem that a microstructure of an additive manufacturing component is relatively thick. The ultrasonic vibration device is connected with a motion mechanism of the additive manufacturing equipment to control the ultrasonic vibration device to move in a three-dimensional space; the laser emitted by the laser generator is transmitted by the optical fiber and then passes through the ultrasonic vibration device to act on the powder layer on the printing component to form a molten pool; the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration device directly acts on the molten pool without contact through the focusing of a curved cavity at the tail end of the device. The additive manufacturing method has the advantages that ultrasonic vibration is applied to the additive manufacturing process, the ultrasonic vibration is utilized to act on powder in the melting and cooling processes, nucleation is promoted, the microstructure of the additive manufacturing component is refined, segregation in the solidification process is eliminated, and the microstructure is further optimized.

Description

Ultrasonic vibration-additive manufacturing refined microstructure device
Technical Field
The invention relates to an additive manufacturing technology.
Background
Additive manufacturing is a three-dimensional rapid free-form manufacturing technology, integrates the advantages of computer graphic processing, digital information and control, acousto-optic technology, electromechanical technology, material technology and other multi-subject technologies, plays a positive role in transformation upgrading and structural adjustment of the manufacturing industry, and represents a new trend of the development of the manufacturing industry. At present, additive manufacturing mainly uses laser, particle beam and plasma beam as heating sources, and metal powder as a raw material to perform layer-by-layer forming and manufacturing, and a high-energy three-beam-based additive rapid forming and manufacturing technology has certain limitations. For example, the microstructure of the component manufactured by the additive is relatively coarse, the comprehensive mechanical property is not high, and the application range of the component is limited. At present, the components manufactured by the additive need to be subjected to complex subsequent treatment to improve the comprehensive mechanical property, but the components are high in cost and long in period, and are not suitable for industrial production. In addition, the large-scale member manufactured by the additive is restricted by the size, and the subsequent treatment is very difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the microstructure of an additive manufacturing component is relatively thick, and provides an ultrasonic vibration-additive manufacturing refined microstructure device.
The ultrasonic vibration-additive manufacturing refined microstructure device comprises an ultrasonic vibration device and a laser generator;
the ultrasonic vibration device is connected with a motion mechanism of the additive manufacturing equipment to control the ultrasonic vibration device to move in a three-dimensional space;
the laser emitted by the laser generator is transmitted by the optical fiber and then passes through the ultrasonic vibration device to act on the powder layer on the printing component to form a molten pool;
the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration device directly acts on the molten pool without contact through the focusing of a curved cavity at the tail end of the device.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: laser is emitted by a laser generator, passes through an ultrasonic vibration device after being conducted by an optical fiber and reaches the position of a molten pool, the powder layer is heated and melted by the laser, and a material with a certain thickness is formed on the surface of a printing component, so that additive manufacturing is realized; in the process of realizing additive manufacturing, ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration device directly acts on a molten pool without contact through curved surface focusing at the tail end of the device to exert the ultrasonic vibration effect on the molten powder, so that in the process of melting the powder or solidifying the powder, the ultrasonic vibration device has the functions of promoting nucleation and smashing dendritic crystals to achieve the purpose of refining a microstructure.
The invention has the advantages that the ultrasonic vibration emitted by the ultrasonic vibration device is used as a physical energy form, which has important influence on the solidification process of the powder; the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic vibration can increase the nucleation rate and refine the microstructure; meanwhile, the acoustic flow effect and the mechanical effect exist, convection is increased, the temperature gradient of a micro-area in a molten pool is reduced, segregation is eliminated, and the microstructure is optimized; the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the additive manufacturing process, the physical action of the ultrasonic vibration is utilized to act on the powder in the melting and cooling processes, nucleation is promoted, the microstructure of the additive manufacturing component is refined, segregation in the solidification process is eliminated, and the microstructure is further optimized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic vibration-additive manufacturing apparatus for refining microstructure according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and the ultrasonic vibration-additive manufacturing refined microstructure apparatus according to the present embodiment includes an ultrasonic vibration apparatus and a laser generator 3;
the ultrasonic vibration device is connected with a motion mechanism of the additive manufacturing equipment to control the ultrasonic vibration device to move in a three-dimensional space;
the laser 11 emitted by the laser generator 3 is transmitted by the optical fiber 4, passes through the ultrasonic vibration device and then acts on the powder layer 2 on the printing component 1 to form a molten pool 10;
the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration device is focused through a curved cavity at the tail end of the device and directly acts on the molten pool 10 without contact.
In the present embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration frequency of the ultrasonic vibration device is: 10kHz-40kHz, the ultrasonic vibration power of the ultrasonic vibration device is as follows: 100W-5000W, the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration device is as follows: 0.5-20 μm;
the power of the laser 11 is: 100W-10000W, the spot diameter of the laser 11 is: 0.1mm-2mm, the scanning speed of the laser 11 is: 0.1m/min-5 m/min.
In the present embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration device includes a fixing nut 5, a fixing rear cover 6, a piezoelectric ceramic 7, a fixing flange 8, and a horn 9;
the fixed rear cover 6 is a cavity structure with an opening at the bottom end;
the piezoelectric ceramic 7 is arranged inside the fixed rear cover 6;
the fixing nut 5 penetrates through the top of the fixed rear cover 6 and fixes the piezoelectric ceramic 7 and the fixed rear cover 6 together;
one end of the amplitude transformer 9 is connected with the open end of the fixed rear cover 6 through threads, and the other end of the amplitude transformer 9 is provided with a spherical crown structure 9-1;
the fixed flange 8 is fixed on the outer wall of the lower end of the fixed rear cover 6, and the ultrasonic vibration device is connected with the motion mechanism of the additive manufacturing equipment through the fixed flange 8;
the fixing nut 5, the top of the fixed rear cover 6, the piezoelectric ceramics 7 and the amplitude transformer 9 are respectively provided with a central through hole, and the laser 11 sequentially penetrates through the central through hole of the fixing nut 5, the central through hole of the top of the fixed rear cover 6, the central through hole of the piezoelectric ceramics 7 and the central through hole of the amplitude transformer 9.
In the present embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration device further includes an ultrasonic power supply 10;
the power supply output end of the ultrasonic power supply 10 is connected with the power supply input end of the piezoelectric ceramic 7, and the ultrasonic power supply 10 supplies power to the piezoelectric ceramic 7; laser 11 is emitted by a laser generator 3, transmitted by an optical fiber 4 and then passes through an ultrasonic vibration device to reach the position of a molten pool 10, the laser 11 heats and melts the powder layer 2, and a material with a certain thickness is formed on the surface of the printing component 1, so that additive manufacturing is realized; in the process of realizing additive manufacturing, starting an ultrasonic vibration device, and focusing the ultrasonic vibration device to the position of a molten pool 10 through a spherical crown structure 9-1; the ultrasonic vibration device exerts an ultrasonic vibration effect on the melted powder, so that the ultrasonic vibration device has the functions of promoting nucleation and breaking dendritic crystals in the process of melting the powder or solidifying the powder, and the purpose of refining the microstructure is achieved.
In the present embodiment, the powder layer 2 on the printing member 1 is formed by powder ejected from a powder feeder provided above it; the powder feeding device feeds and spreads powder as required; the powder feeding speed of the powder feeding device is 2g/min-20g/min, and the single-layer scanning height of the powder layer 2 is 0.01mm-0.5 mm.
The powder of the powder layer 2 is: ti6Al4V, powder granularity is-150- +325 meshes.

Claims (3)

1. An ultrasonic vibration-additive manufacturing refined microstructure device comprises an ultrasonic vibration device and a laser generator (3);
the ultrasonic vibration device is connected with a motion mechanism of the additive manufacturing equipment to control the ultrasonic vibration device to move in a three-dimensional space;
the laser (11) emitted by the laser generator (3) is transmitted by the optical fiber (4), passes through the ultrasonic vibration device and acts on the powder layer (2) on the printing component (1) to form a molten pool (10);
ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration device is focused through a curved cavity at the tail end of the device and directly acts on a molten pool (10) without contact;
the ultrasonic vibration device is characterized by comprising a fixing nut (5), a fixed rear cover (6), piezoelectric ceramics (7), a fixing flange (8) and an amplitude transformer (9);
the fixed rear cover (6) is of a cavity structure with an opening at the bottom end;
the piezoelectric ceramics (7) are arranged inside the fixed rear cover (6);
the fixing nut (5) penetrates through the top of the fixed rear cover (6) to fix the piezoelectric ceramic (7) and the fixed rear cover (6) together;
one end of the amplitude transformer (9) is connected with the open end of the fixed rear cover (6) through threads, and the other end of the amplitude transformer (9) is provided with a spherical crown structure (9-1);
the fixed flange (8) is fixed on the outer wall of the lower end of the fixed rear cover (6), and the ultrasonic vibration device is connected with the motion mechanism of the additive manufacturing equipment through the fixed flange (8);
the fixed nut (5), the top of the fixed rear cover (6), the piezoelectric ceramics (7) and the amplitude transformer (9) are respectively provided with a central through hole, and the laser (11) sequentially penetrates through the central through hole of the fixed nut (5), the central through hole of the top of the fixed rear cover (6), the central through hole of the piezoelectric ceramics (7) and the central through hole of the amplitude transformer (9).
2. The ultrasonic vibration-additive manufacturing refined microstructure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic vibration apparatus further comprises an ultrasonic power source (10);
and the power supply output end of the ultrasonic power supply (10) is connected with the power supply input end of the piezoelectric ceramic (7).
3. An ultrasonic vibration-additive manufacturing refined microstructure apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the powder layer (2) on the printing member (1) is formed by powder ejected from a powder feeding device disposed thereabove.
CN201810564347.7A 2018-06-04 2018-06-04 Ultrasonic vibration-additive manufacturing refined microstructure device Active CN108714694B (en)

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CN110369825B (en) * 2019-07-31 2020-12-08 华中科技大学 Electromagnetic ultrasonic method and system for inhibiting hump of molten metal in additive manufacturing
CN113249716B (en) * 2020-02-12 2023-03-31 上海飞机制造有限公司 Laser ultrasonic powder feeding device and processing method
CN112404883B (en) * 2020-10-23 2022-04-15 广东镭奔激光科技有限公司 Real-time accurate liquid micro-forging additive remanufacturing method and device
CN113084167B (en) * 2021-04-06 2022-03-25 哈尔滨工业大学 Ultrasonic in-situ loading device for laser melting deposition forming
CN113084168B (en) * 2021-04-06 2022-07-01 哈尔滨工业大学 Laser melting deposition forming ultrasonic workbench
CN113579479A (en) * 2021-07-08 2021-11-02 武汉理工大学 Ultrasonic coupling electromagnetic stirring assisted laser additive manufacturing method
CN114570942A (en) * 2022-02-24 2022-06-03 杭州喜马拉雅信息科技有限公司 Ultrasonic-assisted additive manufacturing and forming method and device
CN114769617A (en) * 2022-03-29 2022-07-22 恒新增材制造研究中心(佛山)有限公司 Method for grafting and molding die
CN114713852B (en) * 2022-05-23 2024-03-08 余炘 Grain refinement device in metal fuse additive manufacturing
CN115533114A (en) * 2022-10-31 2022-12-30 广东利元亨技术有限公司 Composite material manufacturing apparatus and control method thereof

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CN103114286A (en) * 2013-02-27 2013-05-22 沈阳航空航天大学 Method for repairing titanium alloy by ultrasound-assisted laser
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CN106350817B (en) * 2016-11-11 2019-05-28 青岛理工大学 A kind of method and apparatus that the cladding of ultrasonic vibration auxiliary laser prepares flawless cladding layer
CN107812942A (en) * 2017-11-01 2018-03-20 西北工业大学 A kind of double ultrasonic wave added laser gain material manufacture devices and method

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