CN108708710A - A method of leading to drill bit burying occurrence probability for reducing well wall dropping block - Google Patents
A method of leading to drill bit burying occurrence probability for reducing well wall dropping block Download PDFInfo
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- CN108708710A CN108708710A CN201810533357.4A CN201810533357A CN108708710A CN 108708710 A CN108708710 A CN 108708710A CN 201810533357 A CN201810533357 A CN 201810533357A CN 108708710 A CN108708710 A CN 108708710A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001468684 Diplocardia Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
Leading to the method for drill bit burying occurrence probability for reducing well wall dropping block the invention discloses a kind of, from drillstring vibrations and this more novel visual angle of borehole wall flatness, propose to reduce lower drilling tool oscillation intensity by the special vibration damping absorbing tool of installation and modify reamer using the borehole wall to reduce the more uniform hole diameter of hole enlargement ratio acquisition.The drill string percussion borehole wall as caused by drillstring vibrations can be effectively reduced to detrimental effects caused by borehole wall stability by the method that both means are combined, alleviate the drill bit burying problem caused by well wall dropping block and reduce its occurrence probability, while frictional resistance can also be reduced, promote load transfer and casing tripping in etc..This method is an effective behave achieved many things at one stroke, and can provide important leverage for the safe efficient exploitation of oil-gas reservoir.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil and gas well drilling technical field, more particularly to during a kind of vibration for being directed to drill string reaches
Deng or the drilling condition of strong grade under, reducing well wall dropping block leads to the method for drill bit burying occurrence probability.
Background technology
Drilling tool is buried by landwaste sink or by cave-ins, quicksand etc. in wellbore and cannot rotate, be promoted, and drilling fluid is not
The case where capable of recycling, is burying.Burying is one of the major accident in drilling engineering, and underground drilling accident, which occurs, can give drilling engineering band
Carry out larger economic loss, if dealt with improperly, also loses drilling tool and scrap the risk of wellbore；Therefore, it should avoid sending out as possible
Raw underground drilling accident.
Underground drilling accident is mainly caused by cave-in, and the reason of causing cave-in can mainly be summarized as two sides
Face：First, the physical-chemical reaction between hydration reaction, especially mud shale and drilling fluid；Second is that mechanics factor, including drill string
Redistribution etc. to the percussion of the borehole wall, the difference of mechanical properties of rock and wellbore stress.The hydration reaction of rock is well
Wall stability problem studies the emphasis paid close attention to for a long time, and Most scholars think that rock water swelling causes borehole well instability to be caved in
Principal element, and a large amount of correlative study has been done in this respect, mainly pass through the density and constituent of adjusting drilling fluid
To control the destabilization problems of the borehole wall.
Since in drilling process, the vibration of drill string is all that can reach medium or strong grade, and therefore, drillstring vibrations cause
The drill string percussion borehole wall be that but there is presently no for because boring an important factor for causing borehole well instability or caliper expansion can not ignore
The drill string percussion borehole wall caused by column vibration causes effective control method of borehole well instability.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides one kind causes the generation of drill bit burying several for reducing well wall dropping block
The method of rate, from drillstring vibrations and this more novel visual angle of borehole wall flatness, the vibration for drill string reaches medium
Or the case where strong grade, it proposes the optimization design by underground drill stem, special vibration damping bump leveller is installed and reduces lower drilling tool
Oscillation intensity and reduced using borehole wall finishing reamer and obtain more uniform hole diameter, alleviation is bored caused by well wall dropping block
Head burying problem.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A method of cause drill bit burying occurrence probability, this method to include following step for reducing well wall dropping block
Suddenly：
Step 1：According to drilling parameter, drill assembly, drill structure parameter and the rock parameter for waiting for drilling well, establish to be drilled
The full well DRILL-STRING SYSTEM Dynamics Simulation Model of well；
Step 2：Vibration damping absorbing tool is added in the drill assembly of the simulation model；
Step 3：In simulation model, the installation site and running parameter of vibration damping absorbing tool are adjusted, and is directed to respectively not
Simulation calculation, which is carried out, with installation site and running parameter carries out the ratio of result of calculation using the oscillation intensity of lower drilling tool as index
Choosing, when oscillation intensity minimum, the installation site and running parameter of corresponding vibration damping absorbing tool are best position and most
Good running parameter；
Step 4：The best position and running parameter for the vibration damping absorbing tool being calculated according to step 3 carry out real
Border drill assembly installation, while reamer is connected above drill bit, obtain practical drill assembly；
Step 5：Drilling well is treated according to practical drill assembly and carries out drilling operation, completes drilling well.
Since the effect of reamer is modified to the borehole wall, it is directly connected to and is mounted on drill bit, and
And installation site is fixed, by most timely in a manner of open hole wall is modified.If because also connecting between reamer and drill bit
It is connected to drill string, then this section of drill string can be constantly in and not modify borehole wall section, and the risk that borehole wall percussion occurs is relatively large.In addition,
In simulation calculation, when than selecting vibration damping absorbing tool, to directly affecting less, therefore, in analogue simulation for vibration itself
In, reamer can be added without.
Further, it includes the geometrical model of drill string, drill bit and rock that CAD software foundation is used in the step 1,
Simulation model is established using CAE software again.
Further, the simulation calculation uses Abaqus/Explicit softwares.
Further, the reamer links together with drill bit, and above drill bit.Reamer can be with drill bit one
It rises and reaming reparation is carried out to the borehole wall in drilling process, avoid the borehole wall irregular and cause to be easy to generate percussion with drill string, cause
Borehole well instability.The reamer can be eccentric reaming device, diplocardia reamer and concentric reamer etc..
Further, the vibration damping absorbing tool is the combination of damper, absorbing pipe nipple and centralizer.It can be according to emulation
The vibration feelings of simulation drill string are freely combined, such as choose damper+centralizer, absorbing pipe nipple+centralizer, damper+suction
It shakes the combination of pipe nipple+centralizer.Vibration damping absorbing tool can reduce vibration of the drill string in drilling as far as possible, reduce drill string because shaking
It is dynamic that percussion occurs with the borehole wall, to generate the possibility that borehole well instability causes brill accident.
Further, the vibration damping absorbing tool includes damper and centralizer, when simulation calculation, centralizer is set
Position is constant, and the installation site and running parameter for different dampers carry out, than choosing, determining subtracting when drillstring vibrations minimum
Shake device position and running parameter is damper best position and optimum working parameter.The centralizer is normally at reamer
Top, and connect with reamer, damper best position and optimum working parameter can make effectiveness in vibration suppression more preferably, and maximum can
The transmission of the control underground drilling accident of energy.
Further, on the basis of determining damper best position and optimum working parameter, centralizer is set
Constant with the position of damper, installation site and running parameter for different absorbing pipe nipples carry out, than choosing, determining that drill string shakes
Absorbing pipe nipple position and running parameter when dynamic minimum are absorbing pipe nipple best position and optimum working parameter.In vibration damping
On the basis of increase absorbing effect, keep the vibration smaller of drill string, the transmission probability of underground drilling accident lower.
Further, the vibration damping absorbing tool includes the combination of absorbing pipe nipple and centralizer, when simulation calculation, setting
The position of centralizer is constant, and the installation site and running parameter for different absorbing pipe nipples carry out, than choosing, determining drillstring vibrations
Absorbing pipe nipple position and running parameter when minimum are absorbing pipe nipple best position and optimum working parameter.The centralizer
It is normally above reamer, and is connect with reamer, absorbing pipe nipple best position and optimum working parameter can make shock-absorbing
It is better, the transmission of the control underground drilling accident of maximum possible.
Further, on the basis of determining absorbing pipe nipple best position and optimum working parameter, righting is set
The position of device and absorbing pipe nipple is constant, and the installation site and running parameter for different dampers carry out, than choosing, determining drill string
Damper position and running parameter when vibration is minimum are damper best position and optimum working parameter.In the base of absorbing
The effect for increasing vibration damping on plinth, keeps the vibration smaller of drill string, the transmission probability of underground drilling accident lower.
Further, the running parameter of the damper and absorbing pipe nipple includes rigidity and damping.
The theory deduction of the method for the present invention is as follows：
In drilling applications, underground drilling accident is mainly caused by cave-in, and mainly can be with the reason of cause cave-in
It is summarized as two aspects：First, the physical-chemical reaction between hydration reaction, especially mud shale and drilling fluid；Second is that mechanics because
Element includes redistribution etc. of the drill string to the percussion of the borehole wall, the difference of mechanical properties of rock and wellbore stress.The water of rock
It is the emphasis that borehole wall stability Study on Problems is paid close attention to for a long time to change reaction, and Most scholars think that rock water swelling is to lead to the borehole wall
The principal element that unstability is caved in, and done a large amount of correlative study in this respect, mainly by adjust the density of drilling fluid with
And constituent controls the destabilization problems of the borehole wall.
However, existing research direction has ignored some problems, the hydration swelling of rock may be inducement (if
Rock hydration swelling, which is principal element, will cause the borehole wall large area on same stratum to be caved in, because the lithology on same stratum is basic
Unanimously, also essentially identical by the degree of aquation), the drill string percussion borehole wall caused by drillstring vibrations, which may be only, when drilling well loses the borehole wall
Stable yields gives birth to the factor of detrimental effects.Measurement is done by measurement while drilling method to the vibration acceleration of straight well drill string to find：It is boring
Into situation it is preferable under the conditions of, measure the lateral vibration acceleration of drill string generally between 20g-30g, drilling situation it is more severe
In the case of the drill string lateral vibration acceleration that measures generally all can be more than 70g, some is even up to 80g；Due to bit pressure, rotating speed,
The lateral vibration acceleration of the difference of rock property, drill string also can be different, and the lateral vibration acceleration of drill string generally all can be in 20g or more, most
Height can reach 200g, as shown in Figure 1.Huge drill string lateral vibration acceleration is enough to make rock of borehole can not by drill string percussion generation
The destruction of recovery.
It is classified according to Baker Hughes INTEQ companies oscillation intensity grade, the said firm will laterally and axially level of vibration
7 grades are respectively divided into, corresponding different grades of acceleration value is as shown in table 1, and level of vibration is with gravity acceleration g in the table
Multiple measures, and is the statistical indicator RMS (root mean square, Root-mean-square) based on actual measured results.The said firm advises
It is safe class to determine 0~1 grade of axial vibration, shows that down-hole equipment is in the good running environment of safety；2~3 grades are shaken to be medium
Dynamic grade, shows that underground vibrating has been in higher level, although can continue to creep at this time, must reinforce underground work at this time
The tracking of condition；4~7 grades are high vibration grade, and the said firm provides when tool vibration reaches 4~7 grades, it is necessary to take vibration damping
Measure can continue to creep into after eliminating high vibration.
1 drillstring vibrations strength grade of table
In addition, being unfolded to study to lower drilling tool vibration characteristics, full well is mainly established by large scale business program-ABAQUS and is bored
The Dynamics Simulation Model of column system analyzes the Vibration Condition of lower drilling tool.Currently, reflection lower drilling string kinetic characteristics
There are mainly two types of numerical models：One assumes that underground drill stem is homogeneous elasticity bar, establishes underground drill stem wave equation, and use and divide
It is solved from quantity method；Second is that theoretical based on multi-freedom vibration systems, by underground drill stem it is discrete for n spring mass-damping it is micro-
Member, and use finite element method.No matter which kind of analysis model, to the research of underground drill stem kinetic characteristics all by following
Two aspect compositions：First, the excitation condition at boundary condition, especially drill bit；Second is that DRILL-STRING SYSTEM is dynamic under boundary condition
Mechanical response is mainly determined by the inherent characteristic of DRILL-STRING SYSTEM.Drill bit and lower drilling string as a whole, kinetic characteristics
It intercouples, influences each other：One side drill bit broken rock is the main vibration source of underground drill stem vibration, and another aspect drillstring vibrations are to boring
The interaction of head and rock has feedback effects.It is found after the system model for calculating the drill string-borehole wall-Bit-rock, due to
System is huge, and the calculating time of CPU is very long, and the result of output is few, and simulation calculation 10s will spend a hour more than 30, and emulate
Preceding 10s can not represent the characteristics of motion of drill string well.Therefore, the interaction of drill bit and rock is being reduced to one just
The displacement excitation of string, calculating time are 500s, as shown in Figure 2.Apply pulling force F and rotational speed omega, lower end on drill string top in model
Apply a reaction torque M and displacement excitation u, bit pressure is applied by drill collar gravity, and the borehole wall is rigid body.
The node on the drill collar close to drill bit is taken, obtains its lateral dynamic characteristics as shown in figure 3, as seen from the figure, under
The oscillation crosswise intensity of portion's drill string is big close to 60g generally between 15g-25g.Not due to bit pressure, rotating speed, rock property
Together, the lateral vibration acceleration of drill string also can be different, and the lateral vibration acceleration of drill string generally all can be in 20g or more, and highest can reach
200g.It is very violent that simulation result further illustrates lower drilling tool vibration characteristics, is that research borehole well instability situation can not
The important factor in order of ignorance.
In addition, during drill bit is crushed bottom rock and forms the borehole wall, since drill bit will in lateral force unbalance
Lead to transverse movement of the drill bit in drilling process or the lateral percussion borehole wall, therefore drill bit is not edge always in drilling process
Fixed center line, therefore, the borehole wall out-of-flatness of formation, hole diameter are uneven；In addition original stratum has been broken in the formation of the borehole wall
Stress equilibrium, the borehole wall can form stress under the disturbance of each stress (including crustal stress, mud pressure etc.) around the borehole wall
Concentration phenomenon, this also results in the unstability chip off-falling of the borehole wall, causes the expansion of hole diameter.The phenomenon that caliper expansion, is in actual well drilled process
In be implicitly present in, and especially severe sometimes.Since the amplification degree of different wellbore sections hole diameter is different, shape is resulted in this way
At borehole wall face it is uneven, show different degrees of concave and convex surface, concave surface indicates the larger position of hole enlargement ratio, convex
Face indicates hole enlargement ratio position smaller for concave surface.When drill string and these concave and convex surfaces on the borehole wall connect
The borehole wall is more easy to that collapsing and breaking occurs when touching is hit, and aggravation borehole wall degree of unstability by drill string percussion leads to the hair of underground drilling accident
It is raw.Therefore, obtaining the smooth borehole wall of hole diameter size rule, wall surface seems particularly significant.
However, at present about the borehole wall by drill string percussion and the research of unstability or caliper expansion is few.Researcher generally recognizes
To cause the main of hole instability the reason is that the physical chemistry of rock of borehole (especially mud shale) between drilling fluid is anti-
It answers, and have ignored the drill string percussion borehole wall caused by drillstring vibrations influences caused by borehole well instability or caliper expansion, holds very much in this way
Researcher is easily led to causing the wrong understanding of hole instability true cause.In fact and not all borehole wall stability problem
All it is to be bored caused by drillstring vibrations in many cases caused by the physical-chemical reaction between rock of borehole and drilling fluid
The column percussion borehole wall is only the main reason for causing hole instability.The influence of drillstring vibrations and wellbore stability is closed in order to obtain
System measures the regional three mouthfuls of wells of Amazon；By to tracted load, drill string rotating speed, torque, drill string pulling force four
The Vibration Condition and well curve (in such as Fig. 4 a, b, shown in c) of drill string the case where monitoring drillstring vibrations, are analyzed in the measurement of parameter
It was found that although its essentially identical well curve of the lithology of two mouthfuls of wells of A, B has difference largely：In A wells, drill string
The borehole wall unstability that the phenomenon that caliper expansion causes the borehole wall can occur in many places when vibration is very violent, and curve is as schemed shown in a；Instead
It, in B wells, the enlarged degree of hole diameter is little when drillstring vibrations are relatively slight, and the borehole wall is stablized relatively, and curve is as shown in figure b；By
This influence of visible drillstring vibrations to borehole wall stability is very big.Again by as shown in c in Fig. 4, in C wells, even if using water
The extent of the destruction of base drilling fluid, rammell is not most serious in this well, and opposite doleritic extent of the destruction is but very high, this
Main factor with regard to illustrating to cause in present case hole instability is not physico between rock of borehole and drilling fluid
It learns reaction and is likely to be drillstring vibrations, this illustrates that influence of the drill string percussion to wellbore stability caused by drillstring vibrations is can not
Ignore.In addition, when bore meet diabase when hole diameter the relatively other rock stratum of enlarged degree than more serious, and cause diabase layer well
The reason of diameter expands is likely due to the drill string percussion borehole wall caused by drill string oscillation crosswise and the unstability of rock of borehole is caused to peel off,
Hydration without that reason should be attributed to drilling fluid and rock of borehole, Santos also indicate that the well especially in hard formation
Wall is stablized is influenced meeting bigger by drillstring vibrations.
We can do one to the drill string percussion borehole wall according to following simple calculating to the harm that borehole well instability is brought
Clear summary：
By taking 7 cun of drill collar as an example, one meter of drill collar quality is：
M=164kg × 1m=164kg
It can be obtained by Newton's second law：
F=ma=164kg × 20 × 9.81m/s2=32800N=3.28ton
That is up to 3.28 tons of power, percussion affirmative will be will produce when the acceleration percussion borehole wall of the drill collar with 20g
The peeling of a large amount of slit region even rock of borehole, the especially borehole wall after hydration swelling can be caused recessed to rock of borehole
Convex surface will be caused even more serious consequence by the percussion of drilling tool.The drill string percussion borehole wall is not list caused by drillstring vibrations
Secondary, but it is repeatedly continual, it can be seen that, underground drilling accident causes seriously caused by drillstring vibrations cave in borehole well instability
It threatens, as shown in Figure 5.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Lower drilling tool oscillation intensity can be weakened by using vibration damping absorbing tool, improve lower drilling tool service life and brill
Into efficiency, and the borehole wall risk that unstability is caved in due to drilling tool percussion can be reduced, reduce the occurrence probability of underground drilling accident.Pass through
Finishing and reaming are carried out to open hole wall using reamer, obtain the hole diameter size more more smooth wellbore of rule, wall surface, it should
Technology can alleviate that borehole wall stress is concentrated, drilling fluid washes away etc. caused by factors borehole well instability problem and can reduce drilling tool with
The probability of uneven wall surface percussion, and at the same time frictional resistance can also be reduced, promote load transfer and casing tripping in etc..For vibration
The case where intensity is medium or strong grade, can be effectively relieved by the collocation use of above two technology due to cave-in
Caused underground drilling accident 20~40% can greatly improve drilling efficiency, reduce drilling cost.
Description of the drawings
Invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the lower drilling string lateral dynamic characteristics of on-the-spot test；
Fig. 2 is drillstring vibrations system FEM model schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the lower drilling string lateral dynamic characteristics that theoretical calculation obtains；
The relationship of Fig. 4 Amazons regional three mouthfuls of well drillstring vibrations and hole enlargement ratio；
Fig. 5 boreholes wall schematic diagram of unstability chip off-falling by drill string percussion；
The longitudinal vibration characteristics of lower drilling tool when damper is apart from drill bit 10m in Fig. 6 embodiment of the present invention；
The longitudinal vibration characteristics of lower drilling tool when damper is apart from drill bit 19m in Fig. 7 embodiment of the present invention；
The longitudinal vibration characteristics of lower drilling tool when damper is apart from drill bit 28m in Fig. 8 embodiment of the present invention；
Different-stiffness damper effectiveness in vibration suppression curve in Fig. 9 embodiment of the present invention；
Different damping damper effectiveness in vibration suppression curve in Figure 10 embodiment of the present invention；
The flow diagram of Figure 11 the method for the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiment to the present invention make into
One step illustrates, but is not limiting the scope of the invention.
A method of cause drill bit burying occurrence probability, this method to include following step for reducing well wall dropping block
Suddenly：
Step 1：According to drilling parameter, drill assembly, drill structure parameter and the rock parameter for waiting for drilling well, establish to be drilled
The full well DRILL-STRING SYSTEM Dynamics Simulation Model of well；
Step 2：Vibration damping absorbing tool is added in the drill assembly of the simulation model；
Step 3：In simulation model, the installation site and running parameter of vibration damping absorbing tool are adjusted, and is directed to respectively not
Simulation calculation, which is carried out, with installation site and running parameter carries out the ratio of result of calculation using the oscillation intensity of lower drilling tool as index
Choosing, when oscillation intensity minimum, the installation site and running parameter of corresponding vibration damping absorbing tool are best position and most
Good running parameter；
Step 4：The best position and running parameter for the vibration damping absorbing tool being calculated according to step 3 carry out real
Border drill assembly installation, while reamer is connected above drill bit, obtain practical drill assembly；
Step 5：Drilling well is treated according to practical drill assembly and carries out drilling operation, completes drilling well.
Since the effect of reamer is modified to the borehole wall, it is directly connected to and is mounted on drill bit, and
And installation site is fixed, by most timely in a manner of open hole wall is modified.If because also connecting between reamer and drill bit
It is connected to drill string, then this section of drill string can be constantly in and not modify borehole wall section, and the risk that borehole wall percussion occurs is relatively large.In addition,
In simulation calculation, when than selecting vibration damping absorbing tool, to directly affecting less, therefore, in analogue simulation for vibration itself
In, reamer can be added without.
Include the geometrical model of drill string, drill bit and rock using CAD software foundation in the step 1, then uses CAE soft
Part establishes simulation model.
The simulation calculation uses Abaqus/Explicit softwares.
The reamer links together with drill bit, and above drill bit.Reamer can crept into drill bit
Reaming reparation is carried out to the borehole wall in journey, avoids the borehole wall irregular and causes to be easy to generate percussion with drill string, cause borehole well instability.Institute
The reamer stated can be eccentric reaming device, diplocardia reamer and concentric reamer etc..
As a preferred embodiment, the vibration damping absorbing tool is the combination of damper, absorbing pipe nipple and centralizer.It can root
It is freely combined according to the vibration feelings of analogue simulation drill string, such as chooses damper+centralizer, absorbing pipe nipple+centralizer, vibration damping
The combination of device+absorbing pipe nipple+centralizer.Vibration damping absorbing tool can reduce vibration of the drill string in drilling as far as possible, reduce and bore
Major gene is vibrated occurs percussion with the borehole wall, to generate the possibility that borehole well instability causes brill accident.
As a preferred embodiment, the vibration damping absorbing tool includes damper and centralizer, and when simulation calculation, setting is helped
The position of positive device is constant, and installation site and running parameter for different dampers carry out, than choosing, determining drillstring vibrations minimum
When damper position and running parameter be damper best position and optimum working parameter.The centralizer is normally at
Above reamer, and it is connect with reamer, damper best position and optimum working parameter can make effectiveness in vibration suppression more preferably,
The transmission of the control underground drilling accident of maximum possible.
As a preferred embodiment, on the basis of determining damper best position and optimum working parameter, setting
The position of centralizer and damper is constant, and the installation site and running parameter for different absorbing pipe nipples than choosing, determine
Absorbing pipe nipple position and running parameter when drillstring vibrations minimum are absorbing pipe nipple best position and optimum working parameter.
The effect for increasing absorbing on the basis of vibration damping, keeps the vibration smaller of drill string, the transmission probability of underground drilling accident lower.
As a preferred embodiment, the vibration damping absorbing tool includes the combination of absorbing pipe nipple and centralizer, simulation calculation
When, the position for setting centralizer is constant, and the installation site and running parameter for different absorbing pipe nipples than choosing, determine and bore
Absorbing pipe nipple position and running parameter when column vibration is minimum are absorbing pipe nipple best position and optimum working parameter.It is described
Centralizer is normally above reamer, and is connect with reamer, and absorbing pipe nipple best position and optimum working parameter can
Make shock-absorbing effect more preferably, the transmission of the control underground drilling accident of maximum possible.
As a preferred embodiment, on the basis of determining absorbing pipe nipple best position and optimum working parameter, if
The position for determining centralizer and absorbing pipe nipple is constant, and the installation site and running parameter for different dampers are carried out than choosing, really
Damper position and running parameter when determining drillstring vibrations minimum are damper best position and optimum working parameter.It is inhaling
The effect for increasing vibration damping on the basis of shaking, keeps the vibration smaller of drill string, the transmission probability of underground drilling accident lower.
The running parameter of the damper and absorbing pipe nipple includes rigidity and damping.
It is further illustrated below by a specific example.
In the present embodiment, vibration damping absorbing tool includes damper and centralizer, and centralizer connects and is located above drill bit.Tool
Body is as follows：
Simulation parameter is divided into four parts.Drilling parameter：Rotating speed VR=80r/min, bit pressure T=60kN, drilling fluid
For air, gas density 24kg/m3, viscosity 2.0 × 10-5Pa.s.Drill assembly：Tricone bit+Φ 215mm centralizers ×
1.45m+ Φ 178mm drill collars × 27.35m+ Φ 159mm drill collars × 44.35m+ Φ 127mm drilling rods × 20m.Drill bit primary structure is joined
Number：Outer diameter Φ 216mm, 57 ° of journal angle move wheelbase 7mm, drill bit c values 86.3.Rock major parameter：Elasticity modulus 51500MPa,
Poisson's ratio 0.33, compression strength 120MPa, 44.47 ° of dilative angle, 30.16 ° of internal friction angle.
First, drill string, tricone bit and rock threedimensional model are established respectively using CAD software, import CAE software and carry out
Mesh generation obtains system simulation model as shown in Figure 2.
Then, it is determined that the best position of damper：When taking damper respectively away from drill bit 10m, 19m and 28m, lower part is bored
Tool longitudinal vibration characteristics is analyzed, respectively as shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.As seen from the figure, damper away from drill bit 10m, 19m and
When 28m, the drill bit bit pressure undulate quantity that is averaged is respectively 11.1kN, 15.8kN and 17.9kN, and damper upper end drill string longitudinal force is average
Undulate quantity is respectively 2.8kN, 2.9kN and 3.2kN.It can be seen that as damper and drill bit distance increase, drill bit is subtracted
Effect of shaking is greatly lowered, and therefore, the installation site of damper is selected as from drill bit 10m in the present embodiment.
Then, it is determined that the running parameter of damper：
When damper stiffness be 3.5kN/mm, 4kN/mm and 6.5kN/mm when, drill bit bit pressure be averaged undulate quantity distinguish
3.9kN, 4kN and 4.6kN, the drill string longitudinal force undulate quantity that is averaged is respectively 2.6kN, 2.8kN and 3.8kN.Different-stiffness damper
For effectiveness in vibration suppression curve as shown in figure 4, damper stiffness is bigger, the rock reaction force that drill bit broken rock is subject to is bigger, damper " every
It is disconnected " ability of vibration is poorer, and when damper stiffness increases to 6.5kN/mm from 3.5kN/mm, damping coefficient increases from 0.21
To 0.25, power carry-over factor increases to 0.83 from 0.67.It can be seen that rigidity it is smaller damper effectiveness in vibration suppression it is better, but by
The limitation of damper impulse stroke, rigidity can not possibly be infinitely small, because rigidity is too small to inevitably result in it under longitudinal loading
Moving displacement it is excessive, can not only influence the reliability of damper structure, increase damper and produce and process difficulty, it is also possible to can add
Acute drill bit shaft bottom-bounce.In drilling engineering, the selection of damper stiffness needs to consider longitudinal loading (bit pressure)
With damper damping capacity, it is generally the case that when bit pressure is smaller, the smaller damper of rigidity is selected, and when bit pressure is larger, then preferably
The damper for selecting rigidity larger.
When resistance of shock absorber is respectively 20Ns/mm, 40Ns/mm, 60Ns/mm, 120Ns/mm, 200Ns/mm
When, the drill bit bit pressure undulate quantity that is averaged is respectively 6.6kN, 5.1kN, 4.1kN, 4.5kN and 5.3kN, and drill string longitudinal force averagely fluctuates
Amount is respectively 4.7kN, 3.2kN, 2.5kN, 3.7kN and 4.6kN.Different damping damper effectiveness in vibration suppression curve is as shown in Figure 10,
When resistance of shock absorber is less than 60Ns/mm, the effectiveness in vibration suppression of drill bit and drill string is increased with its damping and is increased, when subtracting
The device that shakes damping is from 20Ns/mm when increasing to 60Ns/mm, and damping coefficient is reduced to 0.22 from 0.36, power carry-over factor from
0.71 is reduced to 0.61, when resistance of shock absorber is less than 40Ns/mm, drill bit and drill string longitudinal force response curve have it is multiple compared with
Big peak value, maximum value 9.8kN；When resistance of shock absorber is more than 60Ns/mm, the longitudinal vibration characteristics of drill bit and drill string is bent
Line is relatively gentle, and it increases the effectiveness in vibration suppression of drill bit and drill string with its damping and reduces, when resistance of shock absorber from
When 60Ns/mm increases to 200Ns/mm, damping coefficient increases to 0.29 from 0.22, and power carry-over factor is increased to from 0.61
0.87.It can be seen that from the angle of vibration damping, there are one optimal values for resistance of shock absorber tool, for the brill selected by present case
Tool combination and drilling parameter, effectiveness in vibration suppression is best when resistance of shock absorber is 60Ns/mm.
According to the parameter of simulation, practical drill string assembly is carried out, and complete drilling well, this drilling well can be reduced and send underground drilling accident
Probability 30%.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe the originals of the present invention
Reason, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes and improvements
It all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention is by appended claims and its equivalent circle
It is fixed.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of leading to the method for drill bit burying occurrence probability for reducing well wall dropping block, which is characterized in that this method include with
Under several steps：
Step 1：According to drilling parameter, drill assembly, drill structure parameter and the rock parameter for waiting for drilling well, foundation waits for drilling well
Full well DRILL-STRING SYSTEM Dynamics Simulation Model；
Step 2：Vibration damping absorbing tool is added in the drill assembly of the simulation model；
Step 3：In simulation model, the installation site and running parameter of vibration damping absorbing tool are adjusted, and be directed to not TongAn respectively
Holding position and running parameter carry out simulation calculation, using the oscillation intensity of lower drilling tool as index, carry out the ratio choosing of result of calculation, when
When oscillation intensity minimum, the installation site and running parameter of corresponding vibration damping absorbing tool are best position and best effort
Parameter；
Step 4：The best position and running parameter for the vibration damping absorbing tool being calculated according to step 3 carry out practical brill
Tool combination installation, while reamer is connected above drill bit, obtain practical drill assembly；
Step 5：Drilling well is treated according to practical drill assembly and carries out drilling operation, completes drilling well.
2. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of leading to the method for drill bit burying occurrence probability for reducing well wall dropping block, it is special
Sign is：Include the geometrical model of drill string, drill bit and rock using CAD software foundation in the step 1, then uses CAE software
Establish simulation model.
3. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of leading to the method for drill bit burying occurrence probability for reducing well wall dropping block, it is special
Sign is：The simulation calculation uses Abaqus/Explicit softwares.
4. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of leading to the method for drill bit burying occurrence probability for reducing well wall dropping block, it is special
Sign is：The reamer links together with drill bit, and above drill bit.
5. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of leading to the method for drill bit burying occurrence probability for reducing well wall dropping block, it is special
Sign is：The vibration damping absorbing tool is the combination of damper, absorbing pipe nipple and centralizer.
6. it is according to claim 5 it is a kind of leading to the method for drill bit burying occurrence probability for reducing well wall dropping block, it is special
Sign is：The vibration damping absorbing tool includes damper and centralizer, and when simulation calculation, the position for setting centralizer is constant, needle
Damper position when installation site and running parameter to different dampers carry out determining drillstring vibrations minimum than choosing and work
It is damper best position and optimum working parameter to make parameter.
7. it is according to claim 6 it is a kind of leading to the method for drill bit burying occurrence probability for reducing well wall dropping block, it is special
Sign is：On the basis of determining damper best position and optimum working parameter, the position of centralizer and damper is set
Set it is constant, installation site and running parameter for different absorbing pipe nipples carry out than choosing, determine suction when drillstring vibrations minimum
Shake pipe nipple position and running parameter is absorbing pipe nipple best position and optimum working parameter.
8. it is according to claim 5 it is a kind of leading to the method for drill bit burying occurrence probability for reducing well wall dropping block, it is special
Sign is：The vibration damping absorbing tool includes the combination of absorbing pipe nipple and centralizer, when simulation calculation, sets the position of centralizer
Constant, installation site and running parameter for different absorbing pipe nipples carry out, than choosing, determining absorbing when drillstring vibrations minimum
Pipe nipple position and running parameter are absorbing pipe nipple best position and optimum working parameter.
9. it is according to claim 8 it is a kind of leading to the method for drill bit burying occurrence probability for reducing well wall dropping block, it is special
Sign is：On the basis of determining absorbing pipe nipple best position and optimum working parameter, centralizer and absorbing pipe nipple are set
Position it is constant, installation site and running parameter for different dampers carry out than choosing, when determining drillstring vibrations minimum
Damper position and running parameter are damper best position and optimum working parameter.
10. a kind of according to claim 7 or 9 leading to the method for drill bit burying occurrence probability for reducing well wall dropping block,
It is characterized in that：The running parameter of the damper and absorbing pipe nipple includes rigidity and damping.
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| CN111896280A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2020-11-06 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Salt cavern storage interlayer block falling and settling characteristic experimental device and method |
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