CN108705817A - 一种多功能轻质热塑复合板材及其制作方法 - Google Patents
一种多功能轻质热塑复合板材及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请涉及一种多功能轻质热塑复合板材及其制作方法,多功能轻质热塑复合板材由多个热塑复合板材粘接组成,其特征在于多个热塑复合板材通过相互的连接面加热加压粘结成型。所述的热塑复合板材采用热塑复合蜂窝板,单层热塑复合蜂窝板具有三明治夹心结构,上表皮、下表皮均为玻璃纤维增强热塑复合材料,中间部分为塑料蜂窝。本申请还包括上述多功能轻质热塑复合板材的制作方法。本申请具有1、质量轻、强度高、结构稳定性好;2、抗撞击,不易损坏;3、抗酸碱腐蚀,不腐烂,不吸水,易冲洗,易晾干,不受虫蛀和细菌侵蚀;4、可适用各种恶劣的工作环境;5、使用寿命长,材料与工艺环保,无需胶水,可再回收利用等特点。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及一种多功能轻质热塑复合板材及其制作方法,主要适用于多层热塑增强蜂窝板的制作。
背景技术
目前市场上用于大型车厢板和移动板房的厢板材料主要有钢木结构、水泥预制复合板、彩钢夹心板等。这些类别的板材各自存在很多的缺点。例如:钢木结构,易于损坏或破裂;吸收湿气、液体和气味;可受白蚁和昆虫污染,钉子松动等,尤其在当今森林大面积减少的情况下,其使用受限。水泥预制复合板,承重***均为钢结构,墙体采用双层钢丝网,轻质保温材料和高标号水泥预制复合板,保温、隔热、轻质、高强、顶面用机制水泥瓦、外墙面为彩色水刷面。其制备周期长,自重较大,而且长时间使用后会存在开裂现象,造价较贵。彩钢夹芯板,是当前建筑材料中常见的一种产品,彩钢板内部夹层普遍使用岩棉夹芯板、聚氨脂夹芯板、聚苯乙烯夹芯板等三种板材料。其中聚氨脂夹芯板、聚苯乙烯夹芯板两种材料是易燃材料,一旦受热、遇到明火很容易燃烧并蔓延;而且维护成本大、耐欠性差,保温隔热和隔音效果差、抗风性能弱、抗雪压力差。
发明内容
本申请解决的技术问题是克服现有技术中存在的上述不足,而提供一种结构简洁,使用方便,成本低,效果好的多功能轻质热塑复合板材的制作方法。
本申请解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案包括:
一种多功能轻质热塑复合板材,由多个热塑复合板材粘接组成,其特征在于:多个热塑复合板材通过相互的连接面加热加压粘结成型。
所述的热塑复合板材采用热塑复合蜂窝板,单层热塑复合蜂窝板具有三明治夹心结构,上、下表皮均为玻璃纤维增强热塑复合材料(CFT),中间部分为塑料蜂窝,所述玻璃纤维增强热塑复合材料由连续纤维与热塑性材料(粒料或片材)制成,所述的热塑性材料选自PP (聚丙烯)、PE (聚乙烯)、PA6 (尼龙6)或PBT (聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)中的一种或两种以上。所述的连续纤维选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维或玄武岩纤维中的一种或两种以上。
本申请解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案还包括:
一种多功能轻质热塑复合板材的制作方法,其特征是包括以下步骤:
A、两个单层热塑复合板材分别固定在压机相对的上下面;
B、加热板进入压机中间,对上、下热塑复合板材相对表面进行加热,加热温度在190~220摄氏度之间,达到上、下热塑复合板材相对表面熔融状态后快速移开;
C、带有冷却水循环的压机对相对表面为熔融状态的上、下热塑复合板材进行加压冷却复合,让其熔融粘接;
D、上部压机平台抬起;
E、判断设计要求的热塑复合板材层数达到没有,
没有达到时下部压机支撑压板下降单层热塑复合板材的厚度,上部压机平台下放入单层热塑复合板材,转B步骤继续进行热塑复合板材复合;
若达到则完成本次多层热塑复合板材制备退出。
本申请根据实际需要可对加热板预热,预热(加热)方法包括红外加热,电加热或者导热油加热方式,预热可以在A步骤之前或同时或A步骤之后B步骤之前。
本申请所述热塑复合板材采用热塑复合蜂窝板。
本申请这种多功能轻质复合板材从结构上采用热塑蜂窝为芯材,大大减轻了板材重量,而且增加了其弹性,抗压性能;表皮采用玻璃纤维增强热塑复合材料,大大增加了板材的抗冲击、抗穿刺能力。多层复合叠加的结构,使多层复合板可以达到很高的抗压强度和抗弯强度,达到保温,隔音的效果。
所述的热塑复合蜂窝板的厚度为8~50mm。
所述的加热板厚度为5~50mm。
所述的压机尺寸长度范围1~14米,宽度0.5~3米;
所述多层热塑复合板材根据承载能力,保温隔音的需要,可以制作2层、3层甚至更多层等不同规格的板材,总厚度范围从8mm~300mm不等。
所述多层热塑复合板材根据工艺要求,还可以在中间增加预埋件,提高整体刚性和强度,方便联接。
所述的单层热塑复合板材弯曲强度≥220MPa,动载承重≥2吨,随着叠加层数的增多,弯曲强度和承载力均逐步增大。
本申请采用多层热塑增强蜂窝板,为热熔粘接加压成型结构,易于成型、工艺简单、承载能力强,保温,抗压抗冲击,重量轻。本申请能充分利用热塑增强蜂窝板复合材料的特点:
1、质量轻、强度高、结构稳定性好;
2、抗撞击,不易损坏,有效的弥补误操作带来的损失;
3、抗酸碱腐蚀,不腐烂,不吸水,易冲洗,易晾干,不受虫蛀和细菌侵蚀;
4、可适用各种恶劣的工作环境(-40℃~80℃下可以正常使用),适用于冷库周转及寒冷地区使用;
5、使用寿命长,材料与工艺环保,无需胶水,可再回收利用。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例的一种状态示意图,此时两个单层热塑复合板材分别固定在压机相对的上下面,加热板位于两个单层热塑复合板材之间。
图2是本申请实施例的另一种状态示意图,此时两个单层热塑复合板材相对的上下面加热完成,加热板快速移出。
图3是本申请实施例的另一种状态示意图,此时加热板已经移出,上部压机下移,准备将两个单层热塑复合板材压紧粘合。
图4是本申请实施例的另一种状态示意图,此时两个单层热塑复合板材被压紧粘合并保持一段时间。
图5是本申请实施例的另一种状态示意图,此时已经压紧粘合的两个单层热塑复合板材构成双层热塑复合板材并下移一层距离,新的单层热塑复合板材固定在上部压机下面,加热板位于新的单层热塑复合板材与双层热塑复合板材之间并对两者的相对面进行加热。
图6是本申请实施例的单层热塑复合板材的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明,以下实施例是对本申请的解释而本申请并不局限于以下实施例。
参见图6,本申请多功能轻质热塑复合板材,由多个热塑复合板材通过相互的连接面加热加压粘结成型。
所述的热塑复合板材采用热塑复合蜂窝板,单层热塑复合蜂窝板1具有类似三明治的夹心结构,由上表皮11、塑料蜂窝12、下表皮13依次连接构成。
上述多功能轻质热塑复合板材的制作方法,如图1~图5所示,包括以下步骤:
(1)将裁切好尺寸的2个单层热塑复合蜂窝板1放置在压机2中上下固定;
(2)将压机2中间放入加热板3,加热板3预先已经升温(预热),将加热板3放置在上下两张热塑复合蜂窝板中间加热15~20s,见图1; (3)加热板3以2米/s的速度高速移出,见图2;(4)上部压机平台21下压,将上、下热塑复合蜂窝板压合粘接在一起,保压20s~3分钟不等,见图3、图4。
(5)保压结束后上部压机平台21抬起,
(6)判断设计要求的热塑复合板材层数达到没有,
没有达到时下部压机支撑压板22下降单层热塑复合板材1的厚度,上部压机平台21下放入单层热塑复合板材1,转(2)步骤继续进行热塑复合板材复合;
若达到则完成本次多层(两层以上)热塑复合板材1-1制备退出。
所述的步骤(2)中的加热温度为190~255°C,保压冷却定型时间为20s~3min ,加热板3移动速度至少要达到2m/s。
和现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
现有技术生产工艺为人工刷胶水或机器喷涂胶水,然后再加压一层层粘接,本发明加工速度快,只需要短时间加热加压即可快速成型,生产效率大大高于传统技术,加工时间只有现有技术的1/5,耗费的人工也少很多。
采用连续玻纤增强的热塑复合材料,拉伸强度高,抗冲击,中间的蜂窝芯材有空气层,保温、隔音效果好。
承载能力强、板与板之间均为热熔粘接,粘接强度好、耐腐蚀,采用轻质高强蜂窝板结构,重量轻,抗冲击能力强,防腐蚀,复合过程采用热压成型,无需胶水。
本发明采用热塑复合材料,环保可100%回收,适应现在环境保护发展需要,是绿色材料。
凡是本申请技术特征和技术方案的简单变形或者组合,应认为落入本申请的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种多功能轻质热塑复合板材,由多个热塑复合板材粘接组成,其特征在于:多个热塑复合板材通过相互的连接面加热加压粘结成型。
2.根据权利要求1所述多功能轻质热塑复合板材,其特征是:所述的热塑复合板材采用热塑复合蜂窝板,单层热塑复合蜂窝板具有三明治夹心结构,上表皮、下表皮均为玻璃纤维增强热塑复合材料,中间部分为塑料蜂窝。
3.根据权利要求2所述多功能轻质热塑复合板材,其特征是:所述玻璃纤维增强热塑复合材料由连续纤维与热塑性材料制成,所述的热塑性材料为聚丙烯、聚乙烯、尼龙6、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯中的一种或两种以上的组合,所述的连续纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维或玄武岩纤维中的一种或两种以上的组合。
4.根据权利要求2所述多功能轻质热塑复合板材,其特征是:所述的热塑复合蜂窝板的厚度为8~50mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述多功能轻质热塑复合板材,其特征是:单层的热塑复合板材弯曲强度≥220MPa,动载承重≥2吨。
6.一种多功能轻质热塑复合板材的制作方法,其特征是包括以下步骤:
A、两个单层热塑复合板材分别固定在压机相对的上下面;
B、加热板进入压机中间,对上、下热塑复合板材相对表面进行加热,加热温度在190~220摄氏度之间,达到上、下热塑复合板材相对表面熔融状态后快速移开;
C、带有冷却水循环的压机对相对表面为熔融状态的上、下热塑复合板材进行加压冷却复合,让其熔融粘接;
D、上部压机平台抬起;
E、判断设计要求的热塑复合板材层数达到没有,
没有达到时下部压机支撑压板下降单层热塑复合板材的厚度,上部压机平台下放入单层热塑复合板材,转B步骤继续进行热塑复合板材复合;
若达到则完成本次多层热塑复合板材制备退出。
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