CN108704950B - Saddle-shaped cross beam member hot extrusion forming die and member forming method - Google Patents
Saddle-shaped cross beam member hot extrusion forming die and member forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108704950B CN108704950B CN201810547742.4A CN201810547742A CN108704950B CN 108704950 B CN108704950 B CN 108704950B CN 201810547742 A CN201810547742 A CN 201810547742A CN 108704950 B CN108704950 B CN 108704950B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
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Abstract
A saddle-shaped cross beam member hot extrusion forming die and a member forming method are provided, the saddle-shaped cross beam member hot extrusion near-net forming method comprises the following steps: preliminarily determining the size of the blank, and processing the blank; respectively heating the die and the blank to a specified temperature, preserving the heat of the blank for a corresponding time, and performing hot extrusion preforming on the saddle-shaped cross beam member; carrying out acid cleaning on the hot extrusion preformed piece of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, removing surface folding defects and process flashes after acid cleaning, and polishing a non-smooth transition part to be smooth; the saddle-shaped cross member is subjected to hot extrusion near-net forming, and the final formed article is taken out. The aluminum alloy saddle-shaped cross beam member formed by the hot extrusion near-net forming method has high dimensional precision and profile precision, can meet the requirements only by finish machining of a small number of assembly parts, can greatly save the subsequent processing time, and improves the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hot-working forming, and relates to a forming die and a member forming method.
Background
At present, aerospace product part forward lightweight, low-cost and the development of integration direction, saddle type crossbeam member's application is also more and more, and this type part structure is mostly the rectangular structure of saddle type cross-section inside ribbed thin wall, and this kind of structure both satisfies the high strength requirement and can realize the part lightweight again. Meanwhile, the aluminum alloy material has excellent use performance and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, rail transit, weaponry and the like.
Because the saddle-shaped cross beam member has high strength requirement, the strength requirement is difficult to meet by adopting casting process forming, and the saddle-shaped cross beam member is often manufactured by adopting a thick plate machine in the past, but the processing cost is high, the material utilization rate is low and the processing efficiency is low. The member formed by adopting the isothermal precise hot extrusion near-net forming technology meets the strength requirement, and simultaneously can reduce machining amount, greatly improve the material utilization rate and shorten the manufacturing period.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a hot extrusion forming die and a hot extrusion forming method for a saddle-shaped cross beam member, which can effectively ensure the hot extrusion near-net forming of the aluminum alloy saddle-shaped cross beam member. The hot extrusion near-net forming die can realize on-line heating on a common cold press, and a formed piece has no deformation, is easy to demould and has high production efficiency. The aluminum alloy saddle-shaped cross beam member formed by the hot extrusion near-net forming method has the advantages of good product consistency, high mechanical property, high size precision, high profile precision and high surface quality, and can meet the use requirement only by carrying out finish machining on a small number of matching surfaces in the follow-up process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a saddle-shaped cross member hot extrusion forming die, comprising: the device comprises an upper die, a lower die plate, an upper ejector rod, an ejector block and a lower ejector rod;
the upper die comprises a male die for extruding a blank and a first boss for guiding and positioning; the male die is positioned in the middle of the contact surface of the upper die and the lower die, and the first bosses are distributed on the edge of the contact surface of the upper die and the lower die;
the lower die comprises a female die cavity, a plurality of upper ejector rod matching cavities matched with the same number of upper ejector rods and a first groove for guiding; the female die cavity is positioned in the middle of the contact surface of the lower die and the upper die, the upper ejector rod is matched with the female die cavity and longitudinally distributed on the bottom plane of the female die cavity, and the first grooves are distributed on the edge of the contact surface of the lower die and the upper die;
the lower template comprises a top block cavity matched with the top block, a second boss for sliding guide of the top block and a through hole for placing the lower ejector rod; the top block cavity is positioned in the middle of the contact surface of the lower template and the lower die, the second boss is positioned in the top block cavity, and the through hole is positioned in the middle of the bottom surface of the top block cavity;
the upper die and the lower die are matched to form a forming groove with the shape consistent with that of a part to be processed through the hot extrusion forming die cavity and the first boss; the lower ejector rod is installed in the through hole, the ejector block is installed in the ejector block cavity, the second boss penetrates through the installation hole in the ejector block, the lower end of the upper ejector rod is in surface contact with the upper surface of the ejector block, the end face of the lower ejector rod is in surface contact with the lower surface of the ejector block, and the lower die is installed on the lower die plate.
The upper die also comprises a first U-shaped groove, a first heating pipe placing hole and a first temperature measuring couple hole which are used for being connected with the upper platform of the press; the first U-shaped grooves are distributed at the side edge of the upper die, a plurality of first heating pipe placing holes are uniformly distributed in the middle of the upper die and longitudinally penetrate through the upper die from the short side surface of the upper die, and the hole center distances among the first heating pipe placing holes are equal; the first temperature measuring couple holes are provided with a plurality of round holes which are positioned in the middle of the connecting line of the centers of two adjacent first heating pipe placing holes on one side of the short edge of the upper die, and the direction of the first temperature measuring couple holes is consistent with that of the first heating pipe placing holes.
The shape of the male die is the same as the size of the inner molded surface of the saddle-shaped cross beam member after being contracted and extended; the first bosses are rectangular in size and distributed at four corners of a contact surface of the upper die and the lower die; the size and the relative position of the first U-shaped groove are determined according to the size of a platform on a used press; the number of the first heating pipe placing holes is 3-5, the diameter is 30-40 mm, the hole center distance is not less than 80mm, and the distance from the hole center to the edge of the die is not less than 60 mm; the diameter of the first temperature measurement couple hole is 6-10 mm, and the depth is 80-120 mm.
The lower die also comprises a second U-shaped groove, a second heating pipe placing hole, a second temperature measuring couple hole and a flash groove which are used for being connected with the lower die plate; the second U-shaped grooves are distributed at the side edge of the lower die, a plurality of second heating pipe placing holes are symmetrically distributed on the two sides of the upper ejector rod matched with the die cavity and are circular through holes with the same hole center distance and the same direction as the long edge direction of the lower die; the second temperature measuring thermocouple holes are arranged at the central positions between two or three adjacent second heating pipe placing holes, and the direction of the second temperature measuring thermocouple holes is consistent with that of the first heating pipe placing holes; the flash groove is positioned at two sides of the cavity of the concave die.
The number of the second heating pipe placing holes is 6 or 8, the diameter of the second heating pipe placing holes is 30-40 mm, the hole center distance is not less than 80mm, and the distance from the hole center to the edge of the mold is not less than 60 mm; the diameter of the second temperature measurement couple hole is 6-10 mm, and the depth is 80-120 mm.
The lower template also comprises a T-shaped groove used for being connected with the lower die and a fixed edge used for being connected with a lower platform of the press; the top block cavity is a rectangular cavity positioned in the middle of the lower template; the second bosses are circular bosses which are symmetrically distributed in the length direction in the top block cavity; the through hole is a circular through hole with steps and is positioned in the center of the top block cavity; the T-shaped grooves are distributed on the edge of the contact surface of the lower template and the lower die, and the fixed edges are respectively positioned on the two parallel long side surfaces of the lower template.
The length of the top block cavity is 50-70 mm larger than that of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, the width of the top block cavity is 20-30 mm larger than that of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, and the height of the top block cavity is 100-120 mm; the diameter of the second boss is 50-60 mm, and the upper surface of the second boss is the same as that of the lower template; the diameter of a large circle of the through hole with the step in the center is 5-10 mm smaller than the width of the cavity of the top block, the diameter of a small circle of the through hole with the step in the center is 10-15 mm smaller than the diameter of the large circle of the through hole, the height of the large circle of the through hole is 10-15 mm, and the height of the small circle of the through hole is 10-15 mm; the thickness of the fixing edge is generally 40-60 mm, and the width is generally 40-60 mm.
The number of the upper ejector rods is 4-6, the upper ejector rods comprise a tapered part with a drawing die and a straight rod part, the tapered part with the drawing die and the straight rod part are connected and are transited through a step, and the difference of the cross section sizes of the transitional part is 6-10 mm; the height of the inclined part with the drawing die is 15-25 mm, the drawing die inclination is 3-7 degrees, and the scaling size of the upper surface of the inclined part is consistent with that of the corresponding part of the saddle-shaped cross beam member; the height of the straight rod part is 130-140 mm, and after the upper ejector rod and the lower die are matched in place, the length of the straight rod part of the upper ejector rod is 50-60 mm at the exposed part of the lower die.
A forming method for forming a saddle-shaped cross member using the die, comprising the steps of:
s1, preliminarily determining the size of the blank according to the volume invariance principle, the size of a hot extrusion die and the process allowance, and processing the blank;
s2, heating the die and the blank to a specified temperature respectively, keeping the temperature of the blank for a corresponding time, taking out the blank, putting the blank into a lower die of the die, controlling the upper die and the lower die to be matched, and performing hot extrusion preforming on the saddle-shaped cross beam component;
s3, pushing a lower ejector rod through a lower ejector cylinder of the press, pushing an ejector block through the lower ejector rod, and pushing the preformed piece obtained in the step S2 out through the ejector block by pushing an upper ejector rod;
s4, carrying out acid cleaning on the hot extrusion preformed piece of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, removing surface folding defects and process flashes after acid cleaning, and polishing a non-smooth transition part to be smooth;
and S5, respectively heating the die and the processed saddle-shaped crossbeam member hot extrusion preformed piece to a specified temperature, preserving the temperature of the saddle-shaped crossbeam member hot extrusion preformed piece for a corresponding time, carrying out saddle-shaped crossbeam member hot extrusion near-net forming, and taking out a final formed piece.
In the step S2, the specified temperature of the heated die is 410-420 ℃, the specified temperature of the heated blank is 430-450 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the blank is 45-60 min; in the step S5, the die is heated to a specified temperature of 410-420 ℃, the blank is heated to a specified temperature of 430-450 ℃, and the saddle-shaped cross beam member hot-extrusion preform is subjected to heat preservation for 30-45 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the die male and female dies have self-guiding boss and groove guiding design, and the complete profile of the die in a closed state is ensured to be free of dislocation under the condition of no guide post and guide sleeve guiding device; the design of the transition step and the drawing die of the ejector rod can increase the matching strength of the ejector rod and the female die and reduce the extrusion flash, thereby facilitating the demoulding of parts; a plurality of upper ejector rods are uniformly distributed in the length range of the formed part, so that the formed part is prevented from being deformed due to local ejection after being formed;
(2) the die adopts a mode that a plurality of upper ejector rods, ejector blocks and lower ejector rods are matched for ejection, and ejector block guide cylindrical bosses are processed in a lower die backing plate, so that a longer-sized component can be formed by perfectly matching with a single ejection cylinder press in the center of a platform;
(3) the design of the fixing bolt holes of the die heat-insulating partition plate is convenient for fixing the heat-insulating partition plate, reduces heat loss in the heating process of the die and saves energy.
(4) The die has the design of the heating pipe placing hole and the temperature measuring hole, and can realize the isothermal hot extrusion forming of heating pipe continuous temperature control heating on a common press; by adopting the hot extrusion near-net forming method, the formed part has high strength, only a small amount of finish machining is needed for the subsequent assembling surface, the machining amount is greatly reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the material utilization rate is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a saddle-shaped cross member hot extrusion forming die;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an upper die;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a lower die;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the lower template;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an upper ram;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a top block;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the lower mandril;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an aluminum alloy saddle cross member hot extrusion;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an aluminum alloy saddle-shaped cross-member hot extrusion preform;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an aluminum alloy saddle-shaped cross member hot-pressed preform after flash and defects are removed;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a hot extrusion pre-forming of an aluminum alloy saddle-shaped cross member;
FIG. 12 is a schematic drawing showing the extrusion of a hot extruded part of an aluminum alloy saddle-shaped cross member.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A saddle-shaped cross member hot extrusion forming die, comprising: the device comprises an upper die 1, a lower die 2, a lower die plate 3, an upper ejector rod 4, an ejector block 5 and a lower ejector rod 6;
the upper die 1 is a square die and is symmetrical as a whole; the device comprises a punch 11 for extruding a blank, and a first boss 12 for guiding and positioning; the male die 11 is positioned in the middle of the contact surface of the upper die 1 and the lower die 2 and is symmetrical along the symmetry axis, and the first bosses 12 are distributed on the edge of the contact surface of the upper die 1 and the lower die 2;
the lower die 2 is a square die and is symmetrical as a whole; comprises a female die cavity 21, a plurality of upper ejector rod matching cavities 22 matched with the same number of upper ejector rods 4 and a first groove 23 for guiding; the female die cavity 21 is positioned in the middle of the contact surface of the lower die 2 and the upper die 1 and is symmetrical along a symmetry axis, the upper ejector rod matched with the die cavity 22 is longitudinally distributed on the bottom plane of the female die cavity 21, and the first grooves 23 are distributed on the edge of the contact surface of the lower die 2 and the upper die 1;
the lower template 3 is integrally symmetrical; the device comprises a top block cavity 31 matched with a top block 5, a second boss 32 used for sliding guide of the top block 5 and a through hole 33 used for placing a lower ejector rod 6; the top block cavity 31 is positioned in the middle of the contact surface of the lower template 3 and the lower die 2 and is symmetrical along the symmetry axis, the second boss 32 is positioned in the top block cavity 31, and the through hole 33 is positioned in the middle of the bottom surface of the top block cavity 31;
the upper die 1 and the lower die 2 realize relative position determination and guidance through the first boss 12 and the first groove 23, the upper end of the upper ejector rod 4 is arranged in the upper ejector rod matching cavity 22, the female die cavity 21 and the upper ejector rod 4 are assembled to form a hot extrusion forming die cavity, and after the upper die 1 and the lower die 2 are closed, the hot extrusion forming die cavity and the first boss 12 are matched together to form a forming groove with the shape consistent with that of a part to be processed; lower ejector rod 6 is installed in through-hole 33, and kicking block 5 is installed in kicking block die cavity 31, and second boss 32 passes the mounting hole on the kicking block 5, goes up 4 lower extremes of ejector rod and 5 upper surface contact of kicking block, and 6 terminal surfaces of lower ejector rod and 5 lower surface contact of kicking block, and lower mould 2 is installed on lower bolster 3.
The upper die 1 further comprises a first U-shaped groove 13, a first heating pipe placing hole 14 and a first temperature measuring couple hole 15, wherein the first U-shaped groove is used for being connected with an upper platform of the press; the first U-shaped grooves 13 are distributed at the side edge of the upper die 1, a plurality of first heating pipe placing holes 14 are uniformly distributed in the middle of the upper die 1 and longitudinally penetrate through the upper die 1 from the side surface of the short edge of the upper die 1, and the hole center distances among the first heating pipe placing holes 14 are equal; the first temperature measuring couple holes 15 are provided with a plurality of round holes which are positioned at the middle position of the connection line of the centers of two adjacent first heating pipe placing holes 14 on one side of the short side of the upper die 1, and the direction of the first temperature measuring couple holes 15 is consistent with the direction of the first heating pipe placing holes 14.
The shape of the male die 11 is the same as the size of the inner molded surface of the saddle-shaped cross beam member after being contracted and extended; the first bosses 12 are rectangular bosses and are distributed at four corners of the contact surface of the upper die 1 and the lower die 2; the size and the relative position of the first U-shaped groove 13 are determined according to the size of a platform on a used press; the number of the first heating pipe placing holes 14 is 3-5, the diameter is 30-40 mm, the hole center distance is not less than 80mm, and the distance from the hole center to the edge of the die is not less than 60 mm; the diameter of the first temperature measurement thermocouple hole 15 is 6-10 mm, and the depth is 80-120 mm.
The lower die 2 further comprises a second U-shaped groove 24, a second heating pipe placing hole 25, a second temperature measuring couple hole 26 and a flash groove 27 which are used for being connected with the lower die plate 3; the second U-shaped grooves 24 are distributed at the side edge of the lower die 2, and a plurality of second heating pipe placing holes 25 are symmetrically distributed at the two sides of the upper ejector rod matched cavity 22 and are circular through holes with equal hole center distance and the same direction as the long edge direction of the lower die 2; the plurality of second temperature measuring couple holes 26 are positioned at the central position between two or three adjacent second heating pipe placing holes 25, and the direction of the second temperature measuring couple holes 26 is consistent with the direction of the first heating pipe placing holes 13; the flash grooves 27 are located on both sides of the die cavity 21.
The number of the second heating pipe placing holes 25 is 6 or 8, the diameter is 30-40 mm, the hole center distance is not less than 80mm, and the distance from the hole center to the edge of the die is not less than 60 mm; the diameter of the second temperature measurement couple hole 26 is 6-10 mm, and the depth is 80-120 mm.
The lower template 3 also comprises a T-shaped groove 34 used for being connected with the lower die 2 and a fixed edge 35 used for being connected with a lower platform of the press machine; the top block cavity 31 is a rectangular cavity positioned in the middle of the lower template; the second bosses 32 are circular bosses symmetrically distributed in the length direction in the top block cavity 31; the through hole 33 is a circular through hole with steps, which is positioned in the center of the top block cavity 31; the T-shaped grooves 34 are distributed on the edge of the contact surface of the lower template 3 and the lower die 2, and the fixed edges 35 are respectively positioned on two parallel long side surfaces of the lower template 3.
The length of the top block cavity 31 is 50-70 mm larger than that of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, the width is 20-30 mm larger than that of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, and the height is 100-120 mm; the diameter of the second boss 32 is 50-60 mm, and the upper surface of the second boss is the same as that of the lower template 3; the diameter of a large circle of the through hole 33 with a step in the center is 5-10 mm smaller than the width of the top block cavity 31, the diameter of a small circle of the through hole is 10-15 mm smaller than the diameter of the large circle, the height of the large circle is 10-15 mm, and the height of the small circle is 10-15 mm; the thickness of the fixing edge 35 is generally 40-60 mm, and the width is generally 40-60 mm.
The number of the upper ejector rods 4 is 4-6, and the upper ejector rods comprise a tapered part 41 with a drawing die and a straight rod part 42, the tapered part 41 with the drawing die and the straight rod part 42 are connected and are in transition through steps, and the difference of the cross section sizes of the transition parts is 6-10 mm; the height of the inclined part 41 with the drawing die is 15-25 mm, the inclination of the drawing die is 3-7 degrees, and the scaling size of the upper surface of the inclined part is consistent with that of the corresponding part of the saddle-shaped cross beam member; the height of the straight rod part 42 is 130-140 mm, and after the upper ejector rod 4 is matched with the lower die 2 in place, the length of the exposed part of the straight rod part 42 of the upper ejector rod 4 on the lower die 2 is 50-60 mm.
A method of forming a saddle-type cross member using the mold, comprising the steps of:
s1, preliminarily determining the size of the blank according to the volume invariance principle, the size of a hot extrusion die and the process allowance, and processing the blank;
s2, heating the die and the blank to a specified temperature respectively, keeping the temperature of the blank for a corresponding time, taking out the blank, putting the blank into the lower die 2 of the die, controlling the upper die and the lower die to be matched, and performing hot extrusion preforming on the saddle-shaped cross beam component;
s3, pushing the lower ejector rod 6 through a lower ejector cylinder of the press, pushing the ejector block 5 through the lower ejector rod 6, and pushing the preformed piece obtained in the step S2 out through the ejector block 5 by pushing the upper ejector rod 4;
s4, carrying out acid cleaning on the hot extrusion preformed piece of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, removing surface folding defects and process flashes after acid cleaning, and polishing a non-smooth transition part to be smooth;
and S5, respectively heating the die and the processed saddle-shaped crossbeam member hot extrusion preformed piece to a specified temperature, preserving the temperature of the saddle-shaped crossbeam member hot extrusion preformed piece for a corresponding time, carrying out saddle-shaped crossbeam member hot extrusion near-net forming, and taking out a final formed piece.
In the step S2, the specified temperature of the heated die is 410-420 ℃, the specified temperature of the heated blank is 430-450 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the blank is 45-60 min; in the step S5, the die is heated to a specified temperature of 410-420 ℃, the blank is heated to a specified temperature of 430-450 ℃, and the saddle-shaped cross beam member hot-extrusion preform is subjected to heat preservation for 30-45 min.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1, the hot extrusion forming die for the aluminum alloy saddle-shaped cross member includes: the device comprises an upper die 1, a lower die 2, a lower die plate 3, an upper ejector rod 4, an ejector block 5, a lower ejector rod 6, a T-shaped bolt 7 and a hoisting ring 8; the upper ejector rod 4, the ejector block 5 and the lower ejector rod 6 are discharging devices; the die materials of the upper die 1, the lower die 2 and the upper ejector rod 4 are 5CrNiMo, and the die materials of the lower die plate 3, the ejector block 5 and the lower ejector rod 6 are 45#The heat treatment hardness of the steel 5CrNiMo is HRC 45-50, 45#The heat treatment hardness of the steel is HRC 28-32. The upper die 1 and the lower die 2 realize relative position determination and guidance through the first boss 12 and the first groove 23; a female die cavity 21 of the lower die 2 and the upper ejector rod 4 are assembled to form a hot extrusion molding die cavity, and the hot extrusion molding die cavity is consistent with the hot extrusion part of the saddle-shaped cross beam member in shape; after the lower ejector rod 6 is placed into the lower template 3, the ejector block 5 is placed into the lower template 3, and the lower die 2 is fixedly connected with the lower template 3 through the T-shaped bolt 7.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper die 1 is provided with a male die 11, a first boss 12, a first U-shaped groove 13, a first heating pipe placing hole 14, a first temperature measuring couple hole 15, a lifting lug bolt hole 16 and a heat insulation partition plate fixing bolt hole 17; the molded surface male die 11 is consistent with the inner molded surface of the contracted saddle-shaped cross beam member hot extrusion part; the first bosses 12 are about 55 x 40mm in size; the number of the heating pipe placing holes 14 is generally 3-5, the diameter is 30-40 mm, the mutual hole center distance is not less than 80mm, the distance from the hole center to the edge of the die is not less than 60mm, in the embodiment, the diameter is 40mm, the hole center distance is 80mm, and the distance from the hole center to the edge of the die is 60 mm; the temperature measuring thermocouple hole 15 is generally located at the center position between the two heating pipe placing holes 14, the diameter is generally 6-10 mm, the depth is generally 80-120 mm, in the embodiment, the diameter is 8mm, and the depth is 100 mm; the lifting lug bolt holes 16 are positioned on the side surface of the long side of the upper die 1 and symmetrically distributed in 4M 24 bolt holes on two sides; heat preservation baffle fixing bolt hole 17 is for distributing in four angles M6 or M8 standard bolt holes of mould 1 profile all around, and the quantity is 16, and the degree of depth is 10 ~ 20mm, and M8 standard bolt hole in this embodiment, the degree of depth is 20 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the lower die 2 is provided with a female die cavity 21, an upper ejector rod matching cavity 22, a first groove 23, a second U-shaped groove 24, a second heating pipe placing hole 25, a second temperature measuring couple hole 26, a countersunk bolt through hole, a flash groove 27, a second heat-insulating partition plate fixing bolt hole 28 and a second lifting lug bolt hole 29; the shape and the size of the female die cavity 21 are consistent with the shape surface of the contracted saddle-shaped cross beam member hot extrusion piece; the matching cavity 22 is 4 stepped transition through cavities which are uniformly distributed in the length direction of the matching cavity 22 and used for placing the upper ejector rod 4; the first groove 23 is a groove matched with the first boss 12; the second U-shaped groove 24 is a U-shaped through groove which is used for being connected with the lower template 3 and is uniformly distributed on two sides of the lower die 2 in the length direction; the heating pipe placing holes 25 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the upper ejector rod matched cavity 22 in the lower die 2, are circular through holes with equal hole center distance and consistent direction with the long side direction of the lower die 2, are generally 6 or 8, have the diameter of 30-40 mm, have the hole center distance of not less than 80mm, have the hole center distance of not less than 60mm from the edge of the die, and have the number of 6, the diameter of 40mm, the hole center distance of 80mm and the hole center distance of 60mm from the edge of the die in the embodiment; the second thermocouple hole 26 is located at the center between the two or three second heating pipe placing holes 25, the direction of the circular hole is consistent with the direction of the circular hole and the direction of the first heating pipe placing hole 13, the diameter is 6-10 mm, the depth is 80-120 mm, in the embodiment, the diameter is 8mm, and the depth is 100 mm; the second heat-preservation partition plate fixing bolt holes 28 are distributed at four corners of the peripheral molded surface of the lower die 2, are M6 or M8 standard bolt holes, are 16 in number and 10-20 mm in depth, and are 20mm in depth of the M8 standard bolt holes in the embodiment; the second lifting lug bolt holes 29 are provided with 4M 24 bolt holes which are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the bottom of the side surface where the long edge of the lower die 2 is located.
As shown in fig. 4, the lower template 3 is provided with a top block cavity 31, a second boss 32, a through hole 33 with a step in the center, a T-shaped groove 34, a fixing edge 35, a third heat-insulating partition fixing bolt hole 36 and a third lifting lug bolt hole 37; the length of the top block cavity 31 is 50-70 mm longer than that of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, the width is 20-30 mm larger than that of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, the height is 100-120 mm, and the three-dimensional size of the top block cavity 31 in the embodiment is 650 multiplied by 120 multiplied by 100 mm; the diameter of the second boss 32 is 50-60 mm, the upper surface of the second boss is the same as the upper surface of the lower template 3, and the diameter of the second boss is 50mm in the embodiment; the diameter of a large circle of the through hole 33 with a step in the center is 5-10 mm smaller than the width of the top block cavity 31, the diameter of a small circle of the through hole is 10-15 mm smaller than the diameter of the large circle, the height of the large circle is 10-15 mm, the height of the small circle is 10-15 mm, and in the embodiment, the diameter of the large circle is 112mm, the diameter of the small circle is 102mm, the height of a large circle is 10mm, and the height of the small circle is 10 mm; the thickness of the fixing edge 35 is generally 40-60 mm, the width is generally 40-60 mm, in this embodiment, the thickness is 50mm, and the width is 40 mm. The third heat-preservation partition plate fixing bolt holes 36 are distributed at four corners of the short side face of the lower template 3, are M6 or M8 standard bolt holes, are 8 in number and 10-20 mm in depth, and in the embodiment, the M8 standard bolt holes are 20mm in depth; the third lifting lug bolt holes 37 are provided with 4M 24 bolt holes which are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the bottom of the short side surface of the lower template 3.
As shown in fig. 5, the upper ejector rods 4 are designed to be in a step transition form, the number of the upper ejector rods is 4-6, the number of the upper ejector rods is 4 in the embodiment, the upper ejector rods comprise a tapered part 41 with a drawing die and a straight rod part 42, the tapered part 41 with the drawing die and the straight rod part 42 are in connected step transition, the difference of the cross-sectional sizes of the transition parts is 6-10 mm, and the difference of the cross-sectional sizes of the transition parts is 6mm in the embodiment; the height of the inclined part 41 with the drawing die is 15-25 mm, the drawing die inclination is 3-7 degrees, the scaling size of the upper surface of the inclined part is consistent with that of the corresponding part of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, the height of the inclined part is 20mm, and the drawing die inclination is 3 degrees in the embodiment; the height of the straight rod part 42 is 130-140 mm, in this embodiment, the height is 130mm, and after the upper ejector rod 4 and the lower die 2 are matched in place, the length of the exposed part of the straight rod part 42 of the upper ejector rod 4 on the lower die 2 is 50 mm.
As shown in fig. 6, the top block 5 is a common cuboid, and a circular through hole 51 is formed in the top block 5; the length and width of the top block 5 are the same as those of the top block cavity 31 of the lower template 3, and the thickness is 50 mm; the diameter of the circular through hole 51 is consistent with that of the second boss 32, and after the circular through hole is matched with the second boss, the ejector block 5 does not move up and down in the ejector block cavity 31 and is not jammed.
The lower ejector rod 6 is designed into a common cylindrical step transition form as shown in fig. 7, the size of the matched part is consistent with that of the through hole 33 with the step at the center of the lower template 3, the lower ejector rod can be placed in the through hole 33 with the step at the center after being matched and processed, and the lower ejector rod does not have the phenomenon of jamming in relative motion.
A method of forming an aluminum alloy saddle-shaped cross member by means of the above-described hot extrusion forming die for a saddle-shaped cross member, comprising the steps of:
s1, designing a drawing of a hot extrusion piece of the saddle-shaped cross beam member according to the original drawing of the part of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, wherein the drawing of the hot extrusion piece is shown in FIG. 8, the process allowance is added at the assembly position on the basis of the original drawing of the part of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, the non-assembly position is changed into a suitable extrusion structure on the premise of not influencing the use, the subsequent machine is not beneficial to adding the process allowance at the assembly position, and the three-dimensional size of the hot extrusion piece is about 585 multiplied by 90 multiplied by 58 mm;
s2, designing a saddle-shaped cross beam member hot extrusion near-net forming die, wherein the size of the working profile of the hot extrusion near-net forming die is enlarged according to the size of a hot extrusion piece diagram of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, the amplification factor η is 5-8%, and the amplification factor η is 6%;
s3, preliminarily determining the size of the blank according to the volume invariance principle, the size of a hot extrusion die and the process allowance, wherein the preliminarily determined size of the blank is 584 multiplied by 48 multiplied by 28 mm;
s4, carrying out finite element analysis on the saddle-shaped cross beam member hot extrusion near-net forming process, optimizing the sizes of the die and the blank according to the analysis result, and respectively processing, wherein the optimized die is shown in figure 1, and the optimized blank size is 584 multiplied by 50 multiplied by 30 mm;
s5, heating the die and the blank to a specified temperature respectively, keeping the temperature of the blank for a corresponding time, performing hot extrusion preforming on the saddle-shaped cross beam member, wherein the die temperature is 410-420 ℃, the blank temperature is 430-450 ℃, the blank heat preservation time is 45-60 min, the obtained hot extrusion preformed piece of the saddle-shaped cross beam member is shown in figure 9, the blank is placed on a lower die in the preforming process and is shown in figure 11, and the preformed piece is ejected out after preforming is completed and is shown in figure 12; the temperature of the die is 410-420 ℃, the temperature of the blank is 430-450 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the saddle-shaped beam member hot extrusion preformed piece is 30-45 min;
s6, carrying out acid cleaning on the hot extrusion preformed piece of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, removing surface folding defects and process flashes after acid cleaning, polishing a non-smooth transition part to be smooth, and carrying out hot extrusion preformed piece treatment on the saddle-shaped cross beam member as shown in FIG. 10;
s7, respectively heating the die and the processed saddle-shaped crossbeam member hot-extrusion preformed piece to a specified temperature, carrying out heat preservation on the saddle-shaped crossbeam member hot-extrusion preformed piece for a corresponding time, carrying out saddle-shaped crossbeam member hot-extrusion near-net forming, wherein the die temperature is 410-420 ℃, the blank temperature is 430-450 ℃, the saddle-shaped crossbeam member hot-extrusion preformed piece heat preservation time is 30-45 min, and the forming process is similar to the preformed piece.
The present invention has not been described in detail, partly as is known to the person skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A saddle-shaped cross member hot extrusion forming die is characterized by comprising: the device comprises an upper die (1), a lower die (2), a lower die plate (3), an upper ejector rod (4), an ejector block (5) and a lower ejector rod (6);
the upper die (1) comprises a male die (11) for extruding a blank and a first boss (12) for guiding and positioning; the male die (11) is positioned in the middle of the contact surface of the upper die (1) and the lower die (2), and the first bosses (12) are distributed on the edge of the contact surface of the upper die (1) and the lower die (2);
the lower die (2) comprises a female die cavity (21), a plurality of upper ejector rod matching cavities (22) matched with the same number of upper ejector rods (4), and a first groove (23) for guiding; the female die cavity (21) is positioned in the middle of the contact surface of the lower die (2) and the upper die (1), the upper ejector rod is matched with the die cavity (22) and is longitudinally distributed on the bottom plane of the female die cavity (21), and the first grooves (23) are distributed on the edge of the contact surface of the lower die (2) and the upper die (1);
the lower template (3) comprises a top block cavity (31) matched with the top block (5), a second boss (32) used for sliding guide of the top block (5) and a through hole (33) used for placing the lower ejector rod (6); the top block cavity (31) is positioned in the middle of the contact surface of the lower template (3) and the lower die (2), the second boss (32) is positioned in the top block cavity (31), and the through hole (33) is positioned in the middle of the bottom surface of the top block cavity (31);
the upper die (1) and the lower die (2) are subjected to relative position determination and guiding through the first boss (12) and the first groove (23), the upper end of the upper ejector rod (4) is installed in the upper ejector rod matching cavity (22), the female die cavity (21) and the upper ejector rod (4) are assembled to form a hot extrusion forming die cavity, and after the upper die (1) and the lower die (2) are closed, the hot extrusion forming die cavity and the first boss (12) are matched together to form a forming groove with the shape of a part to be processed; the lower ejector rod (6) is arranged in the through hole (33), the ejector block (5) is arranged in the ejector block cavity (31), the second boss (32) penetrates through the mounting hole in the ejector block (5), the lower end of the upper ejector rod (4) is in contact with the upper surface of the ejector block (5), the end surface of the lower ejector rod (6) is in contact with the lower surface of the ejector block (5), and the lower die (2) is arranged on the lower die plate (3);
the upper die (1) further comprises a first U-shaped groove (13), a first heating pipe placing hole (14) and a first temperature measuring couple hole (15), wherein the first U-shaped groove is used for being connected with an upper platform of the press; the first U-shaped grooves (13) are distributed at the side edge of the upper die (1), a plurality of first heating pipe placing holes (14) are uniformly distributed in the middle of the upper die (1) and longitudinally penetrate through the upper die (1) from the short side surface of the upper die (1), and the hole center distances among the first heating pipe placing holes (14) are equal; the first temperature measuring couple holes (15) are provided with a plurality of round holes which are positioned in the middle of the connection line of the circle centers of two adjacent first heating pipe placing holes (14) on one side of the short side of the upper die (1), and the direction of the first temperature measuring couple holes (15) is consistent with that of the first heating pipe placing holes (14);
the lower template (3) also comprises a T-shaped groove (34) used for being connected with the lower die (2) and a fixed edge (35) used for being connected with a lower platform of the press; the top block cavity (31) is a rectangular cavity positioned in the middle of the lower template; the second bosses (32) are circular bosses which are symmetrically distributed in the length direction in the top block cavity (31); the through hole (33) is a circular through hole with steps, which is positioned in the center of the top block cavity (31); the T-shaped grooves (34) are distributed on the edge of the contact surface of the lower template (3) and the lower die (2), and the fixed edges (35) are respectively positioned on two parallel long side surfaces of the lower template (3).
2. The hot extrusion die for a saddle-shaped cross member according to claim 1, wherein: the shape of the male die (11) is the same as the size of the inner molded surface of the saddle-shaped cross beam member after being contracted and extended; the first bosses (12) are rectangular bosses and are distributed at four corners of the contact surface of the upper die (1) and the lower die (2); the size and the relative position of the first U-shaped groove (13) are determined according to the size of a platform on a used press; the number of the first heating pipe placing holes (14) is 3-5, the diameter is 30-40 mm, the hole center distance is not less than 80mm, and the distance from the hole center to the edge of the die is not less than 60 mm; the diameter of the first temperature measurement couple hole (15) is 6-10 mm, and the depth is 80-120 mm.
3. The hot extrusion die for a saddle-shaped cross member according to claim 1, wherein: the lower die (2) further comprises a second U-shaped groove (24), a second heating pipe placing hole (25), a second temperature measuring couple hole (26) and a flash groove (27) which are used for being connected with the lower die plate (3); the second U-shaped grooves (24) are distributed at the side edge of the lower die (2), a plurality of second heating pipe placing holes (25) are symmetrically distributed at the two sides of the upper ejector rod matched cavity (22) and are round through holes with equal hole center distance and the same direction as the long edge direction of the lower die (2); a plurality of second temperature measuring couple holes (26) are arranged and are positioned at the central position between two or three adjacent second heating pipe placing holes (25), and the direction of the second temperature measuring couple holes (26) is consistent with that of the first heating pipe placing holes (13); the flash grooves (27) are positioned on two sides of the female die cavity (21).
4. A saddle-type cross member hot extrusion molding die according to claim 3, wherein: the number of the second heating pipe placing holes (25) is 6 or 8, the diameter is 30-40 mm, the hole center distance is not less than 80mm, and the distance from the hole center to the edge of the die is not less than 60 mm; the diameter of the second temperature measurement couple hole (26) is 6-10 mm, and the depth is 80-120 mm.
5. The hot extrusion die for a saddle-shaped cross member according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the top block cavity (31) is 50-70 mm larger than that of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, the width is 20-30 mm larger than that of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, and the height is 100-120 mm; the diameter of the second boss (32) is 50-60 mm, and the upper surface of the second boss is the same as that of the lower template (3); the diameter of a large circle of the through hole (33) with a step in the center is 5-10 mm smaller than the width of the top block cavity (31), the diameter of a small circle of the through hole is 10-15 mm smaller than the diameter of the large circle, the height of the large circle is 10-15 mm, and the height of the small circle is 10-15 mm; the thickness of the fixed edge (35) is generally 40-60 mm, and the width is generally 40-60 mm.
6. The saddle-shaped cross member hot extrusion molding die according to claim 5, wherein: the number of the upper ejector rods (4) is 4-6, the upper ejector rods comprise a tapered part (41) with a drawing die and a straight rod part (42), the tapered part (41) with the drawing die and the straight rod part (42) are connected and are transited through steps, and the difference of the cross section sizes of the transitional parts is 6-10 mm; the height of the inclined part (41) with the drawing die is 15-25 mm, the drawing die inclination is 3-7 degrees, and the scaling size of the upper surface of the inclined part is consistent with that of the corresponding part of the saddle-shaped cross beam member; the height of the straight rod part (42) is 130-140 mm, and after the upper ejector rod (4) is matched with the lower die (2) in place, the length of the exposed part of the straight rod part (42) of the upper ejector rod (4) on the lower die (2) is 50-60 mm.
7. A method of forming a saddle-shaped cross member using the mold according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, preliminarily determining the size of the blank according to the volume invariance principle, the size of a hot extrusion die and the process allowance, and processing the blank;
s2, heating the die and the blank to a specified temperature respectively, keeping the temperature of the blank for a corresponding time, taking out the blank, putting the blank into a lower die (2) of the die, controlling the upper die and the lower die to be closed, and performing hot extrusion preforming on the saddle-shaped cross beam component;
s3, pushing a lower ejector rod (6) through a lower ejector cylinder of the press, pushing an ejector block (5) through the lower ejector rod (6), and pushing the preformed piece obtained in the step S2 out through the ejector block (5) by pushing an upper ejector rod (4);
s4, carrying out acid cleaning on the hot extrusion preformed piece of the saddle-shaped cross beam member, removing surface folding defects and process flashes after acid cleaning, and polishing a non-smooth transition part to be smooth;
s5, respectively heating the die and the processed saddle-shaped crossbeam member hot extrusion preformed piece to a specified temperature, preserving the heat of the saddle-shaped crossbeam member hot extrusion preformed piece for a corresponding time, carrying out saddle-shaped crossbeam member hot extrusion near-net forming, and taking out a final formed piece;
in the step S2, the specified temperature of the heated die is 410-420 ℃, the specified temperature of the heated blank is 430-450 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the blank is 45-60 min; in the step S5, the die is heated to a specified temperature of 410-420 ℃, the blank is heated to a specified temperature of 430-450 ℃, and the saddle-shaped cross beam member hot-extrusion preform is subjected to heat preservation for 30-45 min.
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| CN110394401A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-01 | 洛阳Lyc轴承有限公司 | A kind of shaping methods and shaping mould of high-carbon chromium steel thin-wall bearing ferrule |
| CN112474858B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-11-15 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Hot drawing, deep extruding and forming process for near-annular component |
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