CN108704847B - Compact aperture-controllable fluid screening method and device based on magnetostrictive material - Google Patents
Compact aperture-controllable fluid screening method and device based on magnetostrictive material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108704847B CN108704847B CN201810243026.7A CN201810243026A CN108704847B CN 108704847 B CN108704847 B CN 108704847B CN 201810243026 A CN201810243026 A CN 201810243026A CN 108704847 B CN108704847 B CN 108704847B
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
- B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
- B07B1/4636—Regulation of screen apertures
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- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a compact type aperture controllable fluid screening method based on magnetostrictive materials and a device thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1 preparing separating sieve from magnetostrictive material; s2, embedding the separating screen into a high-permeability core with an electromagnet positioned inside a coil, and applying a magnetic field with set strength in a set direction to the separating screen by using the electromagnet to enable a magnetostrictive material to stretch and contract so as to adjust the size of the screen holes of the separating screen; s3 passing the fluid to be screened through the screen aperture; wherein, the screening device comprises a screening sieve and a magnetic field generating device; at least one side hole wall of each screen hole of the separation screen is made of magnetostrictive material; the magnetic field generating device comprises an electromagnet which is used for applying a controllable magnetic field to the separating screen to enable magnetostrictive materials to stretch and contract so as to adjust the size of the screen holes of the separating screen; the invention can realize the controllability of the size of the sieve pore between the nanometer and the micrometer; and the adjusting range of the mesh size can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fluid screening, in particular to a compact type aperture-controllable fluid screening method and device based on magnetostrictive materials.
Background
In industrial and agricultural production and life, it is often necessary to screen fluid mixtures containing substances of different particle sizes to extract or remove specific components thereof. For example, the fine PM2.5 particles (with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm) in the atmospheric pollutants have important influence on the air quality and visibility, and compared with the coarse atmospheric particles, the fine PM particles have small particle size, are rich in a large amount of toxic and harmful substances, and have larger influence on the human health, so that the fine PM2.5 particles in the indoor space are often required to be filtered and purified. In the same way, the industrial and agricultural production often needs to filter and purify the liquid of the mixture with different particle sizes. However, the traditional physical purification method generally sets a corresponding filter pore size for a specific particle size object, and realizes final screening by a step-by-step purification method. The conventional screening device has a fixed size of the aperture of the screen hole, so that the size of the screen hole can not be adjusted adaptively according to the size of the screened object with the size ranging from nanometer to micrometer.
Magnetostrictive materials have a magnetostrictive effect, i.e., their length can be stretched as a function of the strength of the magnetic field in which they are located. Among them, some giant magnetostrictive materials, such as Tb-Dy-Fe alloy, can realize 1500-2000 ppm (parts per million) of magnetostriction, can realize 0.5 nm-100 μm of expansion displacement range, and can generate great thrust.
On the other hand, in the prior art, an electromagnet is usually used to apply a magnetic field to the magnetostrictive material to drive it to expand and contract. The existing electromagnet is difficult to provide enough driving magnetic field intensity, so that the magnetostrictive material is small in the range of realizing the expansion and contraction.
Therefore, the method and the device for screening the compact type pore diameter controllable fluid based on the magnetostrictive material have compact structure and can realize the controllability of the size of a sieve pore between the nanometer scale and the micrometer scale by utilizing the magnetostrictive strain characteristic of the magnetostrictive material between the nanometer scale and the micrometer scale.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provide a compact pore size controllable fluid screening method and device based on magnetostrictive materials, which have a compact structure and can realize the controllability of the size of a sieve pore between nanometer and micrometer dimensions.
The compact aperture-controllable fluid screening method based on the magnetostrictive material comprises the following steps s1, manufacturing a screening sieve by using the magnetostrictive material; s2, embedding the separating screen into a high-permeability core with an electromagnet positioned inside a coil, and applying a magnetic field with set strength in a set direction to the separating screen by using the electromagnet to enable a magnetostrictive material to stretch and contract so as to adjust the size of the screen holes of the separating screen; s3 passing the fluid to be screened through the screen aperture;
the compact pore size controllable fluid screening method based on the magnetostrictive material further comprises the step s4 of utilizing cleaning fluid to reversely flow through the sieve pores to remove the particles blocked in the sieve pores; s5, repeating the steps s3 and s4 alternately until all the fluid to be screened is screened;
further, controlling the fluid to be screened to flow through the sieve pores for multiple times, and gradually reducing the aperture of the sieve pores;
further, applying a pre-pressure perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field to the magnetostrictive material to increase the controllable magnetostriction of the magnetostrictive material in the direction of the magnetic field;
the invention also discloses a compact aperture-controllable fluid screening device based on the magnetostrictive material, which comprises a screening sieve and a magnetic field generating device; at least one side hole wall of each screen hole of the separation screen is made of magnetostrictive material; the magnetic field generating device comprises an electromagnet which is used for applying a controllable magnetic field to the separating screen to enable magnetostrictive materials to stretch and contract so as to adjust the size of the screen holes of the separating screen; the sorting screen is embedded in a magnetic core of the electromagnet positioned in the coil;
further, the sorting screen comprises a non-magnetic-conductive rigid support; the non-magnetic-conduction rigid support is provided with a plurality of fluid channels; the inner wall of the fluid channel is provided with a magnetostriction body made of magnetostriction materials, so that a controllable sieve pore is formed; the non-magnetic-conductive rigid support exerts pre-pressure on the magnetostrictors along the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field;
furthermore, the magnetic core is of a section shaped like a Chinese character ri, and the coil is wound in the middle of the magnetic core;
furthermore, the non-magnetic-conductive rigid support is in an I-shaped section, the fluid channel is arranged in a web plate of the I-shaped structure, and two ends of the high-magnetic-conductivity core are respectively embedded into grooves on two sides of the I-shaped structure;
the invention relates to a micro-nano fluid screening device with controllable particle size and controllable aperture based on magnetostrictive materials, which also comprises a front end flow channel and a rear end flow channel which are respectively communicated with the front end and the rear end of the fluid channel; the front end flow passage is provided with a fluid inlet to be screened and a cleaning fluid outlet which can be opened and closed controllably; the rear end flow passage is provided with a fluid outlet to be screened and a cleaning fluid inlet which can be opened and closed controllably;
furthermore, a non-magnetic baffle plate is arranged between the electromagnetic coil and the non-magnetic rigid support.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a compact aperture-controllable fluid screening method based on magnetostrictive materials, which is characterized in that a magnetostrictive material is used for manufacturing a separation sieve, and sieve pores of the separation sieve are formed on the magnetostrictive material or the magnetostrictive material is arranged in the sieve pores; then applying a magnetic field with set strength in a set direction to the sorting sieve to enable the magnetostrictive material to stretch and contract, and further changing the size of the sieve pores to obtain the sieve pores matched with the particle size of the screened object; secondly, pressurizing the fluid to be screened to enable the fluid to pass through the screen holes, wherein the particle size substances larger than the screen holes cannot pass through the screen holes; the screening of the fluid with the specific particle size range can be finally realized through the multiple screen hole arrangement according to the method; in addition, the screening sieve is arranged in the high-permeability core of the electromagnet positioned in the coil, and the magnetic field intensity in the electromagnet coil is larger, so that under the driving of the electromagnet with the same specification, the screening sieve in the screening method and the screening device has a larger sieve pore adjusting range, and the compactness of the screening device is favorably improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a compact pore size controllable fluid screening device based on magnetostrictive materials according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fluid filtration process according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cleaning fluid backwash process according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment:
the compact pore size controllable fluid screening method based on the magnetostrictive material comprises the following steps: s1, making a separating screen by using magnetostrictive materials, wherein the screen holes of the separating screen are formed on the magnetostrictive materials, or arranging the magnetostrictive materials in the screen holes; in addition, the sieve holes in the invention are not limited to square holes, and can be annular channels, round holes, special-shaped holes or gaps capable of blocking the passing of the particles;
s2, embedding the separating screen into a magnetic core of an electromagnet positioned in the coil, and applying a magnetic field with set strength in a set direction to the separating screen by using the electromagnet to enable magnetostrictive materials to stretch and contract so as to adjust the size of the screen holes of the separating screen; if a Tb-Dy-Fe system alloy which is a giant magnetostrictive material is selected, 1500-2000 ppm of magnetostriction can be realized, a stretching displacement range of 0.5 nm-100 mu m can be realized, and a one-to-one mapping relation is formed between the stretching displacement and the magnetic field intensity controlled by current, so that the stretching displacement is controlled by the current, and the size of a sieve pore is further controlled; the magnetic field intensity in the coil of the electromagnet is larger, so when the electromagnet with the same specification is used for driving, the sieve pore adjusting range of the screening method is larger; in addition, since the magnetic lines of force usually pass through the magnetic core inside the coil along the axis of the coil, the arrangement direction of the sieve holes should be perpendicular to the axial direction of the coil, so as to ensure that the magnetic lines of force pass through the sieve holes perpendicularly.
s3 passing the fluid to be screened through the screen aperture; the existing pressurizing equipment is utilized to enable the fluid to be screened to flow through the sieve pores, and the particle size substances larger than the sieve pores can not pass through the sieve pores, so that the fluid can be screened finally. If the particles larger than 1 μm in industrial wastewater are to be removed, the industrial wastewater is pressurized to enter a screening device, the size of a screen hole is set to be 1 μm, the particles larger than 1 μm cannot pass through the screen hole, and the obtained particles smaller than 1 μm and water pass through the screen hole and are screened out.
s4, reversely flowing the cleaning fluid through the sieve holes to remove or recover the particles blocked in the sieve holes; after sieving for a certain time, the particle size which is larger than the set value and can not pass through the sieve hole is blocked outside the sieve hole, and at this time, the cleaning fluid can be utilized to reversely flow through the sieve hole (the forward direction refers to the direction of the fluid to be sieved flowing through the sieve hole, and the reverse direction is the reverse direction), wherein the cleaning fluid is specially selected, is easy to separate from the filtered particle size which is smaller than the set value, and can not cause secondary pollution to the filtered particle size, for example, the particle size which is larger than 1 μm and is blocked outside the sieve hole in s3 is subjected to high-pressure backwashing by utilizing cheap and chemically stable nitrogen, so that the particle size which is larger than 1 μm flows out from the cleaning fluid outlet 2 together with the nitrogen and a small amount of industrial wastewater, and the nitrogen can not pollute the sieved matter passing through the sieve hole and.
s5. repeating the steps s3 and s4 alternately until all the fluids to be screened are screened; the mode that the screening process and the backwashing process work periodically in turn is adopted, so that screening of large-batch fluid can be realized, and the screening device can work continuously for a long time.
The micro-nano fluid provided by the invention can be divided into two categories: one is a pure mixed system composed of particles of different sizes (the particles here refer to solid particles with stable morphology, certain rigidity or elasticity); the second is a mixed system composed of particles with different sizes and liquid (or gas). The method and apparatus of the present invention can achieve the objective of extracting particulate matter in a particular size range in both of these categories.
In the embodiment, the fluid to be screened can be controlled to flow through the sieve pores for multiple times, and the pore diameters of the sieve pores are gradually reduced; for example, when the particulate matter in the range of 1-10 um needs to be screened out, the aperture of the sieve pore can be controlled to be 10um, so that the particulate matter below 10um is screened out, then the screened mixture is subjected to secondary screening, and the aperture is controlled to be 1 um.
In this embodiment, a pre-pressure perpendicular to the magnetic field direction is applied to the magnetostrictive material to increase the controllable magnetostriction of the magnetostrictive material in the magnetic field direction; thereby increasing the adjustment range of the sieve holes. After the pre-stress is applied to the magnetostrictive material, the strain in the direction of the applied magnetic field can be increased because the strain in the direction of the magnetic field is increased, assuming that the total volume of the magnetostrictive material changes uniformly, and the strain in the other direction is limited by the pre-stress.
Second embodiment:
the compact pore size controllable fluid screening device based on the magnetostrictive material comprises a screening sieve and a magnetic field generating device, wherein the magnetic field generating device comprises an electromagnet for applying a controllable magnetic field to the screening sieve to enable the magnetostrictive material to stretch and contract so as to adjust the size of the sieve pores of the screening sieve; the sorting screen is embedded in a magnetic core 2 of the electromagnet positioned in the coil 3; at least one side hole wall of each screen hole 10 of the separation screen is made of magnetostrictive materials, and under the magnetic field environment, at least one side hole wall of each screen hole 10 can stretch so as to change the size of an object which can be screened; the magnetic field generating device is used for applying a controllable magnetic field to the separating screen to enable the magnetostrictive material to stretch and contract so as to adjust the size of the screen holes 10 of the separating screen, the separating screen is embedded in the magnetic core 2 inside the coil 3 of the electromagnet, and the magnetic field intensity at the position is larger, so that when the electromagnet with the same specification is used for driving, the screen hole adjusting range of the separating screen in the screening device is larger, and the compactness of the screening device is improved; in addition, because the magnetic force lines usually pass through the high magnetic permeability core 2 in the coil 3, the arrangement direction of the sieve holes of the separation sieve in the device is perpendicular to the axial direction of the coil, and the magnetic force lines 7 are ensured to vertically pass through the sieve holes.
In this embodiment, the sorting screen comprises a non-magnetic rigid support 4; the non-magnetic-conductive rigid support 4 is provided with a plurality of fluid channels; a magnetostrictive body 6 made of magnetostrictive material is arranged on the inner wall of the fluid channel; the fluid passage has a rectangular cross section, but other forms of fluid passages, such as circular or annular, may be selected as desired. The magnetostriction body 6 is in a cuboid block shape, the bottom surface of the fluid channel is provided with an installation groove embedded into the magnetostriction body 6, and the magnetostriction body 6 is acted by the prepressing force of the installation groove, so that the magnetostriction strain of the magnetostriction body 6 under a magnetic field is increased; when fluid flows through, the fluid needs to pass through a gap between the magnetostrictive body 6 and the inner wall of the fluid channel, when the magnetostrictive body 6 expands, the width of the gap is reduced, and when the magnetostrictive body contracts, the width of the gap is increased.
In this embodiment, high magnetic core 2 is "day" style of calligraphy longitudinal section, and the longitudinal section is the cross-section through the axis of coil, and as shown in fig. 1, high magnetic core axis integrated into one piece has the stand, coil 3 twines on the stand at 2 middle parts of magnetic core, as shown in fig. 1, the stand middle part is equipped with the opening, does not lead in magnetic rigid support 4 direct fixation embedding this opening in, and this kind of arrangement forms and can reduce the magnetic leakage greatly.
In this embodiment, the section of the non-magnetic rigid support 4 is i-shaped, as shown in fig. 1, the section passes through a central axis of the coil, a plurality of fluid channels are arranged in parallel in a web plate of the i-shaped structure, and an inlet and an outlet of a fluid are arranged on a top plate and a bottom plate of the i-shaped structure; the side wall of the opening in the middle of the high magnetic conductivity core 2 is embedded into the grooves on two sides of the I-shaped structure to ensure that the rigid support 4 and the magnetic core 2 are fixed with each other; of course, the screening apparatus of this embodiment further includes a casing 1 containing the non-magnetic-conductive rigid support 4, the high magnetic-conductive core 2 and the electromagnetic coil 3, and the casing 1 can further reduce the magnetic leakage of the electromagnet.
In this embodiment, the compact aperture-controllable fluid screening device based on magnetostrictive materials further includes a front-end flow channel and a rear-end flow channel, which are respectively corresponding to the fluid channel and the front end and the rear end of which are communicated; the front end flow passage is provided with a fluid inlet 13 to be screened and a cleaning fluid outlet 16 which can be opened and closed; the rear end flow passage is provided with a fluid outlet 15 to be screened and a cleaning fluid inlet 14 which can be opened and closed; the fluid inlet 13 to be screened and the cleaning fluid outlet 16 are respectively provided with a fluid inlet check valve 8 and a cleaning fluid outlet solenoid valve 12, and the fluid outlet 15 to be screened and the cleaning fluid inlet 14 are respectively and correspondingly provided with a fluid outlet solenoid valve 11 and a cleaning fluid inlet check valve 9; the screening apparatus of the present embodiment performs the fluid screening operation in units of a work cycle, and each cycle includes two processes, i.e., a fluid filtering process and a cleaning fluid backwashing process. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the fluid filtration process. According to the particle size of the required filtering (i.e. the particle size which is smaller than the set value and is allowed to pass) and the relation between the expansion rate of the magnetostrictive material and the magnetic field intensity, the corresponding current applied by the electromagnetic coil 3 is determined, the magnetostrictive body 6 generates corresponding magnetostrictive displacement under the action of the magnetic field, the cleaning fluid outlet electromagnetic valve 12 is closed, the cleaning fluid inlet check valve 9 is closed, the mixture fluid enters from the fluid inlet check valve 8 under the pressure of the pump, the particle size which is larger than the set value cannot pass through the gap (i.e. sieve holes 10) between the magnetostrictive body 6 and the inner wall of the fluid channel, and the particle size which is smaller than the set value flows out from the fluid outlet electromagnetic valve 11 after passing through the gap. After a certain time, the particle size larger than the set value which fails to pass through the magnetostrictive gap may be clogged at the outside of the magnetostrictive gap, and the cleaning fluid backwashing flow starts to work, as shown in fig. 3. The cleaning fluid is specially selected, i.e. easily separated from the filtered particle size smaller than the set value, does not cause secondary pollution to the cleaning fluid, can quickly pass through the gap between the magnetostrictive body 6 and the inner wall of the fluid channel, and is cheap and easy to obtain. When the cleaning fluid backwashing process works, the fluid inlet check valve 8 is closed, the fluid outlet electromagnetic valve 11 is closed, the cleaning fluid enters from the cleaning fluid inlet 14, passes through the magnetostrictive gap and then flows out from the cleaning fluid outlet 16, and in the process, the cleaning fluid brings away the particle size larger than the set value and blocked at the outer side of the gap. After a certain time, the cleaning fluid backwashing process is finished, and the fluid filtering process is started again, so that a working cycle is formed.
In this embodiment, a non-magnetic-conductive partition plate 5 is disposed between the electromagnetic coil 3 and the non-magnetic-conductive rigid support 4, and the non-magnetic-conductive partition plate 5 can reduce magnetic flux leakage, and on the other hand, can ensure that the magnetic flux 7 can vertically pass through the fluid channel, so that the magnetostrictive body 6 can expand and contract along the magnetic field direction.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A compact pore size controllable fluid screening method based on magnetostrictive materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 preparing separating sieve from magnetostrictive material; the screen holes of the separating screen are formed on the magnetostrictive material, or the magnetostrictive material is arranged in the screen holes;
s2, embedding the separating screen into a high-permeability core with an electromagnet positioned inside a coil, and applying a magnetic field with set strength in a set direction to the separating screen by using the electromagnet to enable a magnetostrictive material to stretch and contract so as to adjust the size of the screen holes of the separating screen; the magnetostrictive material is Tb-Dy-Fe alloy;
s3 passing the fluid to be screened through the screen openings using existing pressure equipment;
s4: reversely flowing the cleaning fluid through the sieve pores to remove the particles blocked in the sieve pores;
s5: repeating and alternately implementing the steps s3 and s4 until all the fluids to be screened are screened;
applying pre-pressure to the magnetostrictive material along the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field to increase the controllable magnetostriction of the magnetostrictive material in the magnetic field direction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compact pore size controlled fluid based on magnetostrictive materials comprises: and controlling the fluid to be screened to flow through the sieve pores for multiple times, and gradually reducing the pore diameters of the sieve pores.
3. A compact aperture-controllable fluid screening device based on magnetostrictive materials is characterized by comprising a screening sieve and a magnetic field generating device; at least one side hole wall of each screen hole of the separation screen is made of magnetostrictive material; the magnetic field generating device comprises an electromagnet which is used for applying a controllable magnetic field to the separating screen to enable magnetostrictive materials to stretch and contract so as to adjust the size of the screen holes of the separating screen; the sorting screen is embedded in a high-permeability core of the electromagnet positioned in the coil;
the separation sieve comprises a non-magnetic-conductive rigid support; the non-magnetic-conduction rigid support is provided with a plurality of fluid channels; the inner wall of the fluid channel is provided with a magnetostriction body made of magnetostriction materials, so that a controllable sieve pore is formed; and the non-magnetic-conductive rigid support exerts pre-pressure on the magnetostrictors along the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field.
4. The magnetostrictive-material-based compact pore size-controllable fluid screening device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the high-permeability core is of a section shaped like a Chinese character ri, and the coil is wound in the middle of the magnetic core.
5. The magnetostrictive-material-based compact pore size-controllable fluid screening device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the non-magnetic-conductive rigid support is of an I-shaped cross section, and the fluid channel is arranged in the I-shaped web plate.
6. The magnetostrictive-material-based compact pore size-controllable fluid screening device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the front end flow channel and the rear end flow channel are respectively communicated with the front end and the rear end of the fluid channel; the front end flow passage is provided with a fluid inlet to be screened and a cleaning fluid outlet which can be opened and closed controllably; the rear end flow passage is provided with a fluid outlet to be screened and a cleaning fluid inlet which can be opened and closed controllably.
7. The magnetostrictive-material-based compact pore size-controllable fluid screening device according to claim 6, characterized in that: and a non-magnetic-conduction clapboard is arranged between the coil and the non-magnetic-conduction rigid support.
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